DNA study guide answers
DNA
RNA
Name of Sugar
Deoxyribose
Ribose
Number of Strands
2
1
List all of the bases
T, C, G, A
A, C, G, U
What is complimentary T
to Adenine?
What is complimentary A
to Thymine?
U
Thymine is not in
RNA
G
What is complimentary G
to Cytosine?
What is complimentary C
C
to Guanine?
What is complimentary Uracil is not in DNA A
to Uracil?
• Where is DNA located?
– nucleus
• What are the three types of RNA?
– tRNA, mRNA, rRNA
• Where is each of the three types of RNA found?
– tRNA (cytoplasm, ribosome), mRNA (nucleus, cytoplasm,
ribosome),, rRNA (cytoplasm, ribosome),
• Put these in order from smallest to largest: Cell,
nucleus, DNA, chromosome, nucleotide
– (nucleotide, DNA, chromosome, nucleus, cell)
• Put these in order from genes to proteins: Protein
formed, DNA code, translation, transcription
– DNA code, transcription, translation, protein formed
• mRNA is produced during what process?
– transcription
• Using your codon
chart, UCA is the
codon for what
amino acid?
– Serine
• Using your codon
chart, ACG is the
codon for what
amino acid?
– Threonine
• Using your codon
chart, GUA is the
codon for what
amino acid?
– Valine
• Protein synthesis includes
_________________________ and
transcription.
– Translation
• Codons on mRNA codes for amino acids during
what process?
– translation
• Which type of RNA copies DNA during
transcription?
– mRNA
• What is the diagram below? Label all parts of
the diagram below (Sugar (which type),
phosphate, bases, nucleotide).
• DNA
• What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
– Base (attaches to sugar), Sugar, phosphate (alternates)
• If this stand of DNA (ACGCTTA) replicates, what will
the new strand of DNA look like?
– TGCGAAT
• If you have 5 adenines how many thymines will you
have? How do you know?
– 5, they match up, so they must equal
• During DNA replication each DNA molecule has one
old strand (parent DNA) and one ________ strand
of DNA.
– New strand
• Define replication.
– DNA making a copy of itself for cell reproduction
• The following occur during protein synthesis, put
them in order from first to last.
– DNA serves as a template for mRNA synthesis, mRNA
attaches to a ribosome, mRNA moves from the nucleus
to the cytoplasm, tRNA bonds to a specific codon, amino
acids are bonded together
• Draw tRNA, mRNA, rRNA (see next slide)
• Which type of RNA carries amino acids?
– tRNA
• Anti-codons are attached to ______________.
– tRNA
• Codons are attached to ________________.
– mRNA
• The codon is AUG what is the anti-codon?
– UAC
• Describe translation.
– mRNA goes to the ribosome, tRNA picks up amino
acids in the cytoplasm and brings them to the
mRNA, the tRNA’s anticodon attaches to the correct
codon, amino acids bond forming protein.
• Why do farmers produce genetically modified
food?
– Change taste, make herbicide resistant, make pest
resistant
Label the following: Transcription, Translation,
DNA, mRNA, tRNA, Amino acids, rRNA, codon,
anti-codon
• If there is a problem with a defective protein, it most likely
occurs due to a change in the sequence in ______ code.
– Genetic code (DNA)
• What is a mutation?
– Change in genetic code
• A mutagen is any substance that can cause a mutation, give
some examples of mutagens.
– Chemicals, radiation
• Label each of the mutations (substitution, inversion, deletion,
insertion)
– AAT ACG
• AATG ACG (insertion (addition))
– AAT ACG
• AAT AC (deletion)
– AUCCGCUCUAA
• AUCUCGCCUAA (inversion)
– AAT ACG
• ACT ACG (subsitution)
• What is a transgenic organism?
– An organism that has some foreign DNA from another
organism.
• Who committed the crime according to the DNA
finger print?
– Number 2
• What is cloning?
– Making an exact copy of an organism
• Inversion is a mutation that happens when one or a
few __________ are moved.
– Nucleotides
• DNA gives instructions for producing proteins, if
DNA has a change, what will happen to the protein?
– The protein will be change