Hockey Puck Passer
Design Team 3
Group Members
Matthew Weckman B00381751
Alex Willson B00443945
Andrew Thompson B00452027
Supervisor
Dr. Alex Kalamkarov
Abstract
The goal of this project was to design and build a hockey puck passer. This machine will help
hockey players develop their shooting skills by passing a series of pucks. Players of all skill
levels will be able to use this device safely and easily.
i
Table of Contents
Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ i
1.0
Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1
2.0
Design Requirements ........................................................................................................... 2
3.0
Design Process ..................................................................................................................... 3
3.1
Alternative Fall Designs ................................................................................................... 3
3.1.1
Alternate Design 1 .................................................................................................... 3
3.1.2
Alternate Design 2 .................................................................................................... 4
3.1.3
Alternate Design 3 .................................................................................................... 4
3.2
4.0
Design Selection ............................................................................................................... 6
Design and Construction ...................................................................................................... 7
4.1
Frame ................................................................................................................................ 7
4.2
Conveying System............................................................................................................ 8
4.2.1
Conveyor Motor Calculations ................................................................................... 9
4.2.2
Driveshaft Assembly............................................................................................... 11
4.2.3
Chain and Attachment............................................................................................. 12
4.2.4
Idling Sprocket ........................................................................................................ 13
4.3
Launching System .......................................................................................................... 14
4.3.1
Wheels..................................................................................................................... 15
4.3.2
Driving Motors........................................................................................................ 15
4.3.3
Motor to Wheel Coupling ....................................................................................... 17
4.3.4
Motor and Bearing Mounting Bracket .................................................................... 18
4.4
Hopper ............................................................................................................................ 20
4.5
Electronics ...................................................................................................................... 21
4.6
Electrical and Mechanical Protection ............................................................................. 23
5.0
Initial Testing ..................................................................................................................... 24
5.1
Indoor Pressure and Separation Test .............................................................................. 24
5.2
Initial Ice Test................................................................................................................. 25
5.3
Improvements ................................................................................................................. 26
5.3.1
Conveyor Improvement .......................................................................................... 26
ii
5.3.2
Fluttering Pass Improvement .................................................................................. 27
5.3.3
Vibration Improvement ........................................................................................... 28
6.0
Final Testing/Results ......................................................................................................... 29
6.1
Portability/Stability Testing ........................................................................................... 29
6.2
Velocity Testing ............................................................................................................. 31
6.3
Accuracy Testing............................................................................................................ 34
7.0
Budget ................................................................................................................................ 35
8.0
Conclusion and Future Recommendations ........................................................................ 36
Appendix A ................................................................................................................................... 37
Motor Specs .................................................................................................................................. 37
Appendix B ................................................................................................................................... 42
Roller chain & M2 attachment specs ............................................................................................ 42
Appendix C ................................................................................................................................... 45
Controller and Motor Setup .......................................................................................................... 45
Appendix D ................................................................................................................................... 47
Shop Drawings .............................................................................................................................. 47
iii
List of Tables
TABLE 5.1: TEST RESULTS .............................................................................................................................................24
TABLE 6.1: ACCURACY RESULTS ...................................................................................................................................34
TABLE 7.1: BUDGET......................................................................................................................................................35
List of Figures
FIGURE 3.1: ALTERNATE DESIGN 1 ................................................................................................................................3
FIGURE 3.2: ALTERATIVE DESIGN 2 ................................................................................................................................4
FIGURE 3.3: ALTERNATE DESIGN 3 ................................................................................................................................5
FIGURE 3.4: FINAL PRODUCT .........................................................................................................................................6
FIGURE 4.1: FRAME........................................................................................................................................................7
FIGURE 4.2: CONVEYING SYSTEM. .................................................................................................................................8
FIGURE 4.3: FBD OF PUCK ..............................................................................................................................................9
FIGURE 4.4: AM EQUIPMENT 12V WINDOW MOTOR (AM EQUIPMENT) ...................................................................10
FIGURE 4.5: DRIVESHAFT ASSEMBLY ...........................................................................................................................11
FIGURE 4.6: PADDLE ATTACHMENT.............................................................................................................................12
FIGURE 4.7: IDLING SPROCKET ....................................................................................................................................13
FIGURE 4.8: LAUNCHING SYSTEM PROFILE .................................................................................................................14
FIGURE 4.9: EQUIPMENT BLOWER MOTOR SPECIFICATIONS (AM EQUIPMENT)........................................................16
FIGURE 4.10: 12V DC PWM SPEED CONTROLLER (CARL’S ELECTRONICS) ...................................................................17
FIGURE 4.11: CUSTOM WHEEL TO MOTOR COUPLING ...............................................................................................17
FIGURE 4.12: CUSTOM MOTOR AND BEARING BRACKET ............................................................................................18
FIGURE 4.13: CUSTOM BRACKET WITH SLOTTED HORIZONTAL CROSS BAR ...............................................................19
FIGURE 4.14: HOPPER AND COUPLING ASSEMBLY ......................................................................................................20
FIGURE 4.15: PWM SPEED CONTROLLERS MOUNTED TO THE REAR OF THE MACHINE .............................................21
FIGURE 4.16: WIRING SCHEMATIC SPEED CONTROLLERS ...........................................................................................22
FIGURE 4.17: PROTECTIVE MATERIALS TO PROTECT COMPONENTS ..........................................................................23
FIGURE 5.1: CONVEYOR SYSTEM .................................................................................................................................26
FIGURE 5.2: PUCKS LIFTING .........................................................................................................................................27
FIGURE 5.3: ALUMINUM CHANNEL .............................................................................................................................27
FIGURE 5.4: IMPROVEMENTS ON BRACKET AND SUPPORTING BAR...........................................................................28
FIGURE 6.1: TEAM 3 MEMBER ALEX WILLSON LIFTING THE MACHINE .......................................................................29
FIGURE 6.2: HOCKEY PUCK PASSER IN A TWO DOOR CAVALIER .................................................................................30
FIGURE 6.3: SPEED TESTING IN SIMULATOR................................................................................................................31
FIGURE 6.4: HALF SPEED RESULTS ...............................................................................................................................32
FIGURE 6.5: 3/4 SPEED RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................32
FIGURE 6.6: FULL SPEED RESULTS................................................................................................................................33
iv
1.0
Introduction
The hockey puck passer will be designed to pass a series of pucks at a similar velocity of a real
hockey pass. The device will serve a practical purpose of training hockey players in order to
improve their shooting and puck receiving skills. The design for the device can be broken down
into four main components: the conveyer system, the launching system, the hopper, and the
frame. Section 2 of this report will discuss the design requirements that were determined to
guide this project. Alternate designs and the final selected design are discussed in detail in
sections 3 and 4 respectively. To arrive at the final design, several tests were completed and
improvements were made based on the testing results. Section 5 will discuss these in more detail.
Final test results are discussed in section 6. This report will also discuss the budget set by design
team three and any future considerations the group has in order to improve the design.
1
2.0
Design Requirements
Hockey players need to be able to practice their skills alone. One important skill in a hockey
player’s development is their shooting. Without someone else there passing them pucks for “onetimers”, developing and mastering this skill is almost impossible. A one timer is a direct shot on
goal from an already moving puck provided by a teammate. Due to human error and the skill of
the passer, these passes can be inconsistent. The individual passing the pucks may also be in
danger of the oncoming shot. The hockey puck passer will provide a solution to this problem. In
order to make the puck passer an effective device, it must be able to meet the following
requirements.
Pass a series of consecutive hockey pucks, of standard size and weight (1” thick, 3”
diameter, 5.5 – 6 oz) across an ice surface to a person standing half a hockey rink away
Pass should be given at variable speeds (controlled by the user)
Mechanism needs to be stable on ice
Transportable (i.e. Fit in a standard car and be lifted by a single person)
Mechanism needs to pass pucks at various intervals (controlled by user)
Simple. (i.e. user friendly)
Functional in cold weather
Durable. (i.e. can withstand the force of an impacting one timer)
Reasonable cost, less than $2000
No exposed mechanical or electrical components for safety
The objective of this design project is to meet the above design requirements. This will provide
our team with the best design to solve the problem at hand. Once the best design is selected it is
desired to build a working model of our design.
2
3.0
Design Process
Once the design requirements of the hockey puck passer were laid out, brainstorming
commenced. This brainstorming session took place over a four week period in the fall of 2009.
During this time all possible designs were entertained, no matter how simple or complex they
were. This allowed design team three to arrive at the best possible design.
3.1
Alternative Fall Designs
This section will show some of the design ideas that were determined during brainstorming
sessions.
3.1.1 Alternate Design 1
The concept of this design is to have an arm rotate and sling the puck to create the pass. The
driving force behind the rotating arm uses a heavy duty torsion spring which has been wound up
to create a strong enough force to launch the puck. Once the arm has been wound, a puck will
drop from the hopper and the arm will be released and pass the puck.
To load the spring, a gear will be mounted to a shaft that is directly attached to the rotating arm.
An electric motor will be used to drive the gearing system and load the spring after each puck
has been passed.
Figure 3.1: Alternate Design 1
3
3.1.2 Alternate Design 2
This design consists of a vertical hopper which holds the pucks and loads them down onto the
launching surface. The method for launching the pucks in this design uses compressed air. The
compressed air would provide the necessary force to launch the pucks. The high pressure would
force an arm forward at a high velocity and punch the pucks out onto the ice surface.
The downfall of this design is that to have compressed air, a large and sometimes heavy air
compressor system is needed. The compressed air could be run with a line across the ice to the
system, but this would require the rink to have compressed air. This would make it unusable in
outdoor situations, as well as impractical for transport. This design would also limit the angles at
which the pucks can be passed. A sketch of this design can be seen in Figure 3.2.
Figure 3.2: Alterative Design 2
3.1.3 Alternate Design 3
This design is more similar to the selected design. The part of the device that passes the puck in
this case consists of two spinning wheels. Theses wheels will squeeze the puck and throw it
forward between them. This method is also seen in baseball pitching machines.
In order to get the pucks to the launching apparatus a vertical hopper is again used. As the puck
reaches the bottom of the hopper a small spinning wheel with an attached peg pushes the puck
forward. From there the puck slides down a ramp into the rotating wheels.
4
One downside of this design is the inclined ramp. Friction could prevent pucks from sliding well
down the ramp. This would also affect the ability of having a constant interval between pucks.
Once the pucks reach the rotating wheels they may not have enough forward force to enter the
rotation, therefore they will not be propelled forward. A sketch of this design can be seen in
Figure 3.3.
Figure 3.3: Alternate Design 3
5
3.2
Design Selection
The design selected to complete the puck passer consists of the following main components:
1. The hopper (stores the pucks)
2. The conveying system (hopper to launcher)
3. The launching system (launcher to ice)
4. the frame (holds everything together and protects the system)
A picture of our final design and product is given in Figure 3.4. Each individual component of
the puck passer will be discussed in detail in the proceeding section.
Figure 3.4: Final Product
6
4.0
Design and Construction
In order to create our selected design it was necessary to break the design down into specific
components. The following sections go into detail about the design and construction process of
each of these components.
4.1
Frame
Figure 4.1: Frame
The frame was built using 1 ½” x 1 ½” square steel tube with 1/8” thickness. The height of the
frame is 20” and has a depth and width of 20” and 24” respectively. These dimensions will
enable the device to be practical to transport in a car. 1 ½” x 1 ½” steel angle with 1/8” thickness
was used to support the battery and provide a tensioning system for the conveyor which will be
discussed in Section 4.2. This same angle was also used as feet to support the frame on the ice.
All components were welded together to ensure durability. To prevent rusting and provide a
professional appearance a red metallic paint was applied.
7
4.2
Conveying System
In order to ensure the puck will travel through the wheels, it was decided to make a conveyor
system. The conveying system also serves the purpose of transporting the puck from the hopper
to the launching system. The system is driven by a motor, and uses a chain and sprocket system.
The components of the system are described throughout this section. An important aspect of
the overall design of the puck passer is that it is capable of passing the pucks at a controlled
interval of time of 2 to 5 seconds. This allows users of all skill levels to use the product in
order to improve their hockey skills. Figure 4.2 shows the prototype of the conveyor system.
Figure 4.2: Conveying System.
8
4.2.1 Conveyor Motor Calculations
In order to size the motor used to drive the conveyor system, an analysis of the force needed to
push the puck away from the hopper was performed. The major factor in these calculations is
the weight of the pucks that are sitting on top of the puck that is intended to be passed. See
Figure 4.3 for a free body diagram of the forces placed on the puck used for calculations.
Figure 4.3: FBD of Puck
The following constants were used to determine accurate results. The coefficients are of kinetic
friction for each case.
The force required by the pusher must be greater than force of friction caused by the pucks in the
hopper and the track.
9
This resulted in a required force from the conveyor of 78.8 N. With a Safety Factor of 2.0, it
was determined that we needed to push the puck with 157.6 N.
Knowing the required force to push the puck from the hopper, we were able to size the
motor needed for the conveying system.
Another important factor in choosing the conveyor motor is to determine rotational speeds
required to deliver pucks between 2 and 5 second interval. Knowing that we are installing
a single paddle attachment on the chain to push the puck, and having a chain length of
30.5”, we determined that we needed a motor to deliver less than 100 rpm.
Using a 1.99”, 18 tooth sprocket requires a motor that will deliver 8 N•m. We chose an AM
210-1009 window lift motor. This motor is designed for high torque at low speeds, has a
stall load of 10 N•m and a range of speeds from 0 to 100 rpm. A picture of the motor can be
seen in Figure 4.4, and the specification sheet for this motor can be seen in Appendix A.
Figure 4.4: AM Equipment 12V window motor (AM Equipment)
In order to vary the speed of the conveyor system, a speed controller will be connected
between the battery and the motor. The controller used is further discussed in Section 4.5.
10
4.2.2 Driveshaft Assembly
A force pulling the motor shaft perpendicular to the shaft axis created a moment on the motor,
reducing its capacity. It was necessary to create a driveshaft and bearing assembly. This
assembly can be seen in Figure 4.5.
Figure 4.5: Driveshaft Assembly
Due to physical space constraints, custom bearing blocks were manufactured using a 12 mm
radial ball bearing. These blocks were then bolted directly to the track that guides the pucks. A
steel driveshaft was created that directly coupled to the motor that had a sprocket keyed to the
center of the shaft to drive the chain.
11
4.2.3 Chain and Attachment
The roller chain that will be used in the conveyor system will have a pitch of 3/8”, which is a #35
chain. This chain is oversized for the amount of force acting on it however this increases its
dependability.
Figure 4.6: Paddle attachment
In order to push the puck, we connected a M2 attachment fabricated by the Renold Engineering
Group. We then welded a custom tab of steel to increase the surface area that will be pushing the
puck. A spec sheet has been provided in Appendix B for the Renold M2 attachment, and the
paddle attachment can also be seen in Figure 4.6.
12
4.2.4 Idling Sprocket
To ensure the chain remained tight during operation, a tensioning system was created for the
idling sprocket. Two 5” steel angle sections were custom cut with horizontal slots and were
welded to the bottom bar of the frame. An idling sprocket placed over a brass sleeve was secured
in place once the chain was tensioned by tightening a bolt through the angle bar and the brass
sleeve. This closed the angle bar against the sleeve and allowed the idling sprocket to function
properly. This setup can be seen in Figure 4.7.
Figure 4.7: Idling Sprocket
13
4.3
Launching System
Figure 4.8: Launching System Profile
The launching system displayed in Figure 4.8 provides the user with the pass. It functions by
having the puck which was delivered by the conveying system propelled by two wheels rotating
in opposite directions. The whole launching system consists of the following components which
will be discussed:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Wheels
Driving motors
Motor to wheel coupling
Motor & bearing mounting bracket
14
4.3.1 Wheels
In order to grip and launch the puck, we required a wheel that compresses and forms around the
puck providing enough friction to launch it. Knowing this, 8” inflatable rubber wheels were
chosen. Wheels 8” in diameter were chosen to stay within the limits of keeping the unit small for
portability. Having the wheels inflatable would allow for ease in establishing the optimal
stiffness.
4.3.2 Driving Motors
In sizing the motors, 12V DC motors were required in order to power the puck passer from a
standard 12V deep cycle battery. The following calculations were performed to size the motors:
Calculating the energy required to deliver a 0.156kg puck at 18.05m/s:
Calculating the rotational velocity required to launch a puck at 18.05m/s:
15
Providing such a high rpm was required, departmental motors were examined. Two AM
Equipment 12V DC motors were available with the following performance specifications:
Figure 4.9: Equipment blower motor specifications (AM Equipment)
These motors proved to be sufficient as they were also used for similar applications in the past
within the mechanical engineering department. Specification sheets have been provided in
Appendix A.
To independently control these two motors, PWM DC speed controllers were used (Figure 4.10).
These controllers can be accessed from the rear of the machine. The purpose for mounting the
controllers to the rear of the machine is to protect them from oncoming pucks.
16
Figure 4.10: 12V DC PWM speed controller (Carl’s Electronics)
4.3.3 Motor to Wheel Coupling
Attaching the wheels to the motor shaft is a custom aluminum coupling. This coupling bolts
directly to the rim of the wheel as it contains the same bolt pattern. The other end of the coupling
provides a slot to which the motor shaft can be inserted and set screwed into place. The shaft of
the coupling measures 1” in diameter and is set screwed to the pillow block bearing to relieve
some of the weight of the wheel from pulling on the motor. Figure 4.11 provides a schematic of
this coupling.
Figure 4.11: Custom wheel to motor coupling
17
4.3.4 Motor and Bearing Mounting Bracket
In order to mount the motor, a custom angle bracket was constructed from aluminum with
welded gussets. A schematic is shown in Figure 4.10. The bracket allows for the pillow block
bearing to be mounted as well. The gussets increase the stiffness of the bracket in order to
minimize vibrations. With both the pillow block and motor mounted to the same bracket, the
whole wheel system can be adjusted as one unit. This feature was required to vary the distance
between the two wheels in order to obtain maximum performance. The brackets mount to a
horizontal 1 ½ “X 1 ½ “steel square tube that is slotted to allow movement of the wheel
assembly and determine the desired performance. A picture of the wheel assembly and horizontal
mounting bar are featured in Figure 4.13.
Figure 4.12: Custom motor and bearing bracket
18
Figure 4.13: Custom bracket with slotted horizontal cross bar
19
4.4
Hopper
The hopper holds 25 pucks and is positioned at the beginning of conveyor track. It is made of
3"PVC tubing and fits into the customized 3" PVC coupling which is installed on the aluminum
track. See figure 4.14 for a schematic of the hopper and coupling. The 3" PVC tubing was
chosen because it is light weight and inexpensive. Having it slide into a coupling which is
already attached to the track allows the user to remove the hopper. The users can then skate
around with the hopper and collect the pucks. A vertical slot cut along the tube provides the user
with a representation of the amount of pucks remaining.
Figure 4.14: Hopper and coupling assembly
20
4.5
Electronics
All of the electronics in the machine are powered by a 12V DC deep cycle battery. This battery
is rated to provide 140 amp hours which ensures that if you are running the puck passer at full
capacity on a fully charged battery you will have over an hour and a half of lifetime. Using a
deep cycle battery also enables you to be confident that power will be provided in cold
temperatures.
As mentioned previously, both the wheel and conveyor speeds can be independently controlled
by PWM 12V DC speed controllers. Figure 4.15 shows the rear of the puck passer displaying the
three controllers. A schematic of the controller and motor setup is provided in appendix C of this
report.
Figure 4.15: PWM speed controllers mounted to the rear of the machine
To properly wire the system, the user should follow the wiring diagram provided in Figure 4.16
to ensure proper shaft rotation for both wheels and conveyor system. The left most controller is
for the left wheel wiring, middle controller for the right wheel wiring, and the furthest right
controller for the conveyor wiring.
21
Figure 4.16: Wiring schematic speed controllers
22
4.6
Electrical and Mechanical Protection
To protect the electrical and mechanical components of the passer, puck board and clear
polycarbonate material were implemented on the frame. The materials chosen are fabricated to
withstand large impact forces. The left, right and back sides are implemented with the puck
board while the top and front use the clear polycarbonate material. The clear material was chosen
so the user can observe the operation of the passer. The top of the passer is hinged so the user
can perform any maintenance if the need be. Figure 4.17 provides a picture of the protective
materials attached to the frame.
Figure 4.17: Protective materials to protect components
23
5.0
Initial Testing
Once all components had been mounted together, initial testing was performed to determine
optimal performance. The following sections show the results of these experiments and the
improvements made.
5.1
Indoor Pressure and Separation Test
Initial testing was first carried out inside where the optimal tire pressure and wheel separation
could be determined. The wheels were set at three different separation lengths and tested with
six different pressures. The results of this test can be viewed in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1: Test Results
Tire Seperation
65mm
70mm
75mm
Tire Pressure(psi)
30
25
20
15
10
5
30
25
20
15
10
5
30
25
20
15
10
5
Quality
NOT GOOD
NOT GOOD
OK
GOOD
VERY GOOD
GOOD
NOT GOOD
OK
OK
VERY GOOD
VERY GOOD
GOOD
NOT GOOD
NOT GOOD
NOT GOOD
OK
GOOD
OK
This test concluded that the best settings for the launching system are:
Separation: 70mm
Tire Pressure: 10psi
24
5.2
Initial Ice Test
The initial ice test was carried out by loading the hopper with 25 pucks and attempting to run the
conveyor system. The conveyor roller chain came loose as the motor tried to pull the bottom
puck from the stack. The stack was then reduced to 20 pucks, then 15 pucks showing the same
results. With 10 pucks in the hopper, the conveyor was able to remove the bottom puck from the
stack and pull it along the track.
Once it was determined that the conveyer could only handle 10 pucks, the rest of the machine
was tested. The following observations were made:
Pass velocities were determined to be at the desired level.
Range and accuracy of the pass were determined to be within the desired range.
The pucks are released into the air higher than desired.
The pucks do not stay perfectly flat along the ice.
25
5.3
Improvements
Through observations made during the initial on ice test, improvements were made to the
machine in order to meet our design requirements.
5.3.1 Conveyor Improvement
In order to hold a full stack of 25 pucks, the conveyor had to be reinforced. This was done by
installing two custom pillow block bearings to decrease the force on the motor. The idler end of
the chain was reinforced with a brass sleeve. This sleeve allowed the chain to be tightened and
remain tight throughout the cycle. This system can be seen in Figure 5.1, and is described in
detail in Section 4.2.
Figure 5.1: Conveyor System
26
5.3.2 Fluttering Pass Improvement
It was observed during initial testing that the pucks were not staying flat and level on the ice.
The weight of the stack pushed on the back end of the puck, raising the front edge of the bottom
puck as it left the hopper. This is shown in Figure 5.2.
Figure 5.2: Pucks Lifting
To correct this, an aluminum channel was added to the top of the track which prevented the
pucks from lifting. A picture of this can be seen in figure 5.3.
Figure 5.3: Aluminum Channel
27
5.3.3 Vibration Improvement
During initial operations, the passer would suffer extreme vibrations at certain motor speeds. The
cause of the major vibrations was determined to be related to the components used to support the
wheel assembly. The custom aluminum bracket was initially constructed without gussets welded
on to increase the stiffness. Also, the original design used angle iron to mount the bracket and
wheels assembly to the frame. The natural frequency of the system is represented by the
following equation:
In this equation, k is the stiffness of the material and m is the mass. Gussets were welded to the
brackets and the 1 ½” x 1 ½” angle was changed to 1 ½” X 1 ½” square steel tube to increase the
stiffness. Figure 5.4 shows the changes made to increase the stiffness. Increasing the stiffness
therefore increased the natural frequency to the system and resonance was no longer hit. This
improvement made for a stable mechanism.
Figure 5.4: Improvements on Bracket and Supporting Bar
With these improvements, the hockey puck passer was ready for final testing.
28
6.0
Final Testing/Results
6.1
Portability/Stability Testing
Portability testing was carried out throughout the design phase. It was a goal to have a hockey
puck passer light enough for one person to lift. Without the battery, the passer weighs 94lbs.
Figure 6.1: Team 3 member Alex Willson lifting the machine
An additional goal was to have the puck passer fit in a midsized sedan. This test was carried out
by first putting the machine into a two door Cavalier. Secondly it was put into a four door
Chrysler Sebring. Both tests were carried out with 100% success as seen in Figures 6.1 and 6.2.
29
Figure 6.2: Hockey puck passer in a two door Cavalier
An important requirement was to have the puck passer stable on the ice while in operation. This
test was carried out by placing the hockey puck passer on different locations on the ice and
operate it at all speeds. The machine did not move around on the ice at any of the velocities or
locations on the ice.
30
6.2
Velocity Testing
To test the range of pass speeds for the hockey puck passer, the machine was taken to the Nova
Scotia Sports Hall of Fame. The device was placed into the hockey simulator where velocities
could be recorded. Two tests were carried at three different velocities (1/2 speed, 3/4 speed, and
Full Speed). The design team can be seen in the simulator in Figure 6.3.
Figure 6.3: Speed testing in simulator
The half speed test was carried out with ten pucks; the individual velocities are shown in Figure
6.4. The average velocity for this test was 32.886 km/hr, with a max speed of 35.64 km/hr and a
minimum speed of 30km/hr.
31
SPEED (km/hr)
HALF SPEED TEST
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
PUCK NUMBER
Figure 6.4: Half speed results
The three quarter speed test was carried out with ten pucks; the individual velocities are shown in
Figure 6.5. The average speed for the test was 37.746 km/hr, with a maximum speed of 40.4
km/hr and a minimum of 34.02 km/hr.
3/4 SPEED TEST
SPEED (km/hr)
42
40
38
36
34
32
30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
PUCK NUMBER
Figure 6.5: 3/4 speed results
The full speed test was carried out with ten pucks; the individual velocities are shown in figure
6.6. The average speed for the test was 44.064 km/hr, with a maximum speed of 51.84 km/hr
and a minimum speed of 40.5 km/hr.
32
FULL SPEED
SPEED (km/hr)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
PUCK NUMBER
Figure 6.6: Full speed results
33
8
9
10
6.3
Accuracy Testing
The accuracy test was carried out by launching pucks into the hockey net at three different
distances from the net. A standard hockey net is 6’ wide, which is a reasonable range for
receiving a pass.
The results are shown in Table 6.1.
Table 6.1: Accuracy Results
DISTANCE FROM NET Puck Delivered Pucks In Net Pucks Missed
ACCURACY
TEST #1
Centre Ice (90ft)
25
20
5
80%
Blue Line (64ft)
25
23
2
92%
Hash Marks (30ft)
25
25
0
100%
Centre Ice (90ft)
25
21
4
84%
Blue Line (64ft)
25
22
3
88%
Hash Marks (30ft)
25
25
0
100%
TEST #2
The variations in speed are possibly due to the fact that the tires are not uniform. If the
launching wheels are not spinning at the same rate, spin may be applied to the pucks which
would also affect accuracy.
34
7.0
Budget
The budget for the hockey puck passer was determined in the fall to be $1179.31. With the help
of donations from the department and sponsors, the final cost for the project was $638. This
gave a savings of $541. The details of this budget, along with donated items are shown in Table
7.1
Table 7.1: Budget
Item Description
FRAME
1 1/2" x 1 1/2" square steel tube
1 1/2" x 1 1/2" steel angle bar
Clear Polycarbonate
Puck Board
Conveyer Motor
Speed Controlers
Tires
Battery
Ice Time
AME 12volt DC motors
Pillow Block Bearings
Quantity
unit cost
Total Cost
4
1
17.5
13
Donated
Donated
57
32
17
99
90
Donated
Donated
$70.00
$13.00
1
4
3
1
1
2
2
$57.00
$128.00
$51.00
$99.00
$90.00
Miscellanious
Spray paint
Nuts and Bolts
Electrical clips
Hinges
Other
Roller Chain
Chain attachments
Sprockets
1
4
2
35
20
Donated
5
$100.00
$20.00
$10
Total
$638.00
Fall Budget
$1,179
Savings
$541.00
8.0
Conclusion and Future Recommendations
The hockey puck passer was deemed a success. All design requirements were met and we were
able to construct the system for just over half the initial budget. The puck passer provided very
accurate passes with great velocities and intervals, all controlled by the user. This device proved
to have practical applications in developing one time shooting skills. The device was tested on
several occasions on the ice and proved to be reliable and consistent. If the project were to be
constructed again, we would recommend using better quality wheels in order to improve the
accuracy of the device. Another suggestion is to implement wireless capabilities to make it
easier for a single user to operate from any location on the ice.
36
Appendix A
Motor Specs
37
38
Motor brochure compliments of AM Equipment (www.amequipment.com)
39
40
41
Appendix B
Roller chain & M2 attachment specs
42
Roller chain brochure compliments of Renold Engineering Group (www.renold.com)
43
Roller chain brochure compliments of Renold Engineering Group (www.renold.com)
44
Appendix C
Controller and Motor Setup
45
Controller Schematic compliments of Carl’s Electronics (www.electronickits.com)
46
Appendix D
Shop Drawings
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61