INGLÊS
Aula 13
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• Direct(Quoted) And Indirect(Reported)
Speech
• Você pode responder esta pergunta:
"What did he/she say?" de duas maneiras:
- Repetindo as palavras ditas (direct
speech or quoted speech)
- Reportando as palavras ditas (indirect or
reported speech).
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
•
•
•
•
Direct or Quoted Speech
(Discurso Direto ou Citado)
Direct speech repete, ou cita as exatas palavras ditas.
Quando nós usamos direct speech ao escrever, nós
colocamos as palavras ditas entre aspas ou speech
marks ("....") e não há mudanças nas palavras.
• Nós podemos estar reportando algo que foi dito agora
(no exato momento), por exemplo uma conversa ao
telefone, ou dizendo a alguém mais tarde sobre uma
prévia conversa que já tenha ocorrido.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• She says "What time will you be home?"
• She said "What time will you be home?"
• and I said "I don't know! "
• "There's a fly in my soup!" screamed Simone.
• John said, "There's an elephant outside the window."
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• Indirect or Reported Speech
• (Discurso Indireto ou Reportado)
• Reported speech é geralmente usado para
conversar sobre algo do passado,
• nós normalmente mudamos o tempo do verbo e
das palavras ditas.
• Nós usamos verbos reportados como:
• 'say', 'tell', 'ask',
• nós podemos usar a palavra 'that' para
introduzir as palavras reportadas.
• Aspas não são usadas
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• She said, "I saw him." She said that she had seen
him.
• 'That' pode ser omitido:
• She
told
him
that
she
was
happy.
• She
told
him
she
was
happy.
• 'Say' and 'tell':
• Usa-se'say' quando não há um objeto indireto.
• He said that he was tired.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• Sempre usa-se 'tell' quando você diz
quem esta sendo reportado
• (i.e.
com
um
objeto
indireto):
• He told me that he was tired.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• 'Talk' and 'speak' are used:
• Para descrever uma ação de comunicação
• He talked to us.
• She was speaking on the telephone.
• Com 'about' usa-se para dar referência ao que foi dito:
• He talked (to us) about his parents.
• Normalmente o tempo dos verbos mudam ao serem
reportados, voltando um tempo atras do seu tempo do direct
speech.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• You do not need to change the tense if the reporting
verb is in the present, or if the original statement
was about something that is still true
– He says he has missed the train but he'll catch the next one.
– We explained that it is very difficult to find our house.
• These modal verbs do not change in reported
speech: might, could, would, should, ought to
– We explained that it could be difficult to find our house.
– She said that she might bring a friend to the party.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• - Para os demais modal verbs segue as
mudanças abaixo:
• can – could
• may – might
• must - had to
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• - Em discurso e em informais escritas, o simple past
é usado no lugar do past perfect.
– Paul said he had gone to the theater.
– Paul said he went to the theater.
• E quando a informação é uma pergunta, para uma
resposta yes / no, usamos a seguinte estrutura:
– "Alex, do you want to go to the beach?" John asked.
– John asked Alex if he wanted to go to the beach.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• The teacher said: "I want another job"
1) The teacher told he want another job.
2) The teacher said he didn't wanted
another job.
3) The teacher said he wanted another
job.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• The teacher said: "I want another job"
1) The teacher told he want another job.
2) The teacher said he didn't wanted
another job.
3) The teacher said he wanted another
job.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• She said: "Lend me a pencil."
1) She said to lend her a pencil.
2) She told to lend she a pencil.
3) She said to lend a pencil.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• She said: "Lend me a pencil."
1) She said to lend her a pencil.
2) She told to lend she a pencil.
3) She said to lend a pencil.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• She said: "She might bring a friend to
the party."
1) She told that she might bring a friend
to the party.
2) She said that she might bring a
friend to the party.
3) She said that she should bring a
friend to the party.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• She said: "She might bring a friend to
the party."
1) She told that she might bring a friend
to the party.
2) She said that she might bring a
friend to the party.
3) She said that she should bring a
friend to the party.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• "Paul, do you speak English?" John
asked.
1) John asked to Paul spoke English.
2) John want to know if Paul spoke
English.
3) John asked if Paul spoke English.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• "Paul, do you speak English?" John
asked.
1) John asked to Paul spoke English.
2) John want to know if Paul spoke
English.
3) John asked if Paul spoke English.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• You're different from the others. I've never
met anyone like you.
1) He said you were different from the others
and he hadn't never met anyone like me.
2) He said I was different from the others and
he hadn't ever met anyone like me.
3) He said he was different from the others
and he hadn't never met anyone like me.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• You're different from the others. I've never
met anyone like you.
1) He said you were different from the others
and he hadn't never met anyone like me.
2) He said I was different from the others and
he hadn't ever met anyone like me.
3) He said he was different from the others
and he hadn't never met anyone like me.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• I've worked all over the world and I
speak seven languages
1) She said she has worked all over the
world and she spoke seven languages.
2) She said she had worked all over the
world and she spoke seven languages.
3) She said she worked all over the
world and she spoke seven languages.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• I've worked all over the world and I
speak seven languages
1) She said she has worked all over the
world and she spoke seven languages.
2) She said she had worked all over the
world and she spoke seven languages.
3) She said she worked all over the
world and she spoke seven languages.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• He said: "Don't talk in class."
1) He told not to talk in class.
2) He said to talk in class.
3) He said not to talk in class.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• He said: "Don't talk in class."
1) He told not to talk in class.
2) He said to talk in class.
3) He said not to talk in class.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• "I am reading a book", he explained.
1) He explained he reads a book.
2) He explained that he was reading a
book.
3) She explained that he was reading a
book.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• "I am reading a book", he explained.
1) He explained he reads a book.
2) He explained that he was reading a
book.
3) She explained that he was reading a
book.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• They said: "Give us some money."
1) They told to give some money.
2) They said to give them some money.
3) They said give them some money.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• They said: "Give us some money."
1) They told to give some money.
2) They said to give them some money.
3) They said give them some money.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• "I will be in Geneva on Monday", he
said.
1) He said that he would be in Geneva
on Monday.
2) He said that he will be in Geneva on
Monday.
3) He said that he could be in Geneva
on Monday.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
• "I will be in Geneva on Monday", he
said.
1) He said that he would be in Geneva
on Monday.
2) He said that he will be in Geneva on
Monday.
3) He said that he could be in Geneva
on Monday.