Mid-Term Third Party Evaluation Study
of National Bamboo Mission
Submitted to:
MISSION DIRECTOR
NATIONAL BAMBOO MISSION
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & COOPERATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
NEW DELHI-110001
AGRICULTURAL FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED
Northern Regional Office
NEW DELHI-110058
Mid-Term Third Party Evaluation Study
of National Bamboo Mission
Submitted to:
MISSION DIRECTOR
NATIONAL BAMBOO MISSION
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & COOPERATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
NEW DELHI-110001
AGRICULTURAL FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED
Northern Regional Office
NEW DELHI-110058
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It gives us pleasure to express our gratitude for the faith reposed in Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. by the National Bamboo Mission (NBM) Cell, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India by entrusting the task of Mid‐term Third Party Evaluation (MTTPE) of the NBM Scheme. We thank Dr. Gorakh Singh, Horticulture Commissioner, Mr. Kameshwar Ojha, Deputy Director General and Mission Director, National Bamboo Mission and Mr. R P Meena, Assistant Commissioner, National Bamboo Mission for the same. This document is the product of effort by a number of individuals and organisations. We are highly thankful to State Mission Directors for guiding us to pursue our task in the study area. We are equally grateful to other senior officials, including Divisional Forest Officers (DFOs) and District Horticulture Officers (DHOs) and their colleagues at various district headquarters and divisions in helping the team during field level data collection. We further extend our gratitude to research scientists at various Research Institutes, members of non‐
governmental organisations, and officials of village governing bodies in the districts for their support. We hereby extend our sincere appreciation to the following officials for their kind support and cooperation. State Mission Director/Other Key BTSG Head/Other Key Officials Technical Resource Persons Uttarakhand Mr. STS Lepcha
Mr. SS Jain, Scientist F, Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education, Dehradun Chhattisgarh Mr. Diwakar Mishra
Dr. MN Nagoria Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur Jharkhand Mr. BR Lallan
Dr. MP Singh Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi Maharashtra Mr. S.W.H. Naqvi/ Mr. Suryavanshi, Assistant Director, Social Forestry Assam Mr. RP Agrawal
Mr. Kamesh Salam, Cane & Bamboo Technology Centre, Guwahati Assam Dr. PK Kaushik, Scientist, Shifting Cultivation Division, Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 1 ---­ -
State
Nagaland
Mission Djrector/Other Key
Officials
BTSG Head/Other Key
Technical Resource Persons
Mr. Mohan Jha, CEO, Nagaland Pulp
and Paper Company ltd.
Nagaland
Mr. Norman Putsure/Mr Alem
Longkumar, Member, NBDA
Mizoram
Mr. Lalthangliana Murray
Arunachal
Dr. PradeE;lp Chaudhry
Dr. Ganguva Murtem, State
forest Research Institute
Pradesh
(SFRlt Itanagar
Dr RK Taj, SFRI, Ita nagar
Odisha
Mr. Sushi! Kumar Popli
Project Coordinator
Agric!lltural Finance C9rporation Ltd.
Page 2 STUDY TEAM Name
Mr. G S Yadav
Mr. Girish Bhardwaj Mr. Saurabh Mishra Mr. R K Dixit
Dr. Pradeep Mishra Mr. Rakesh Kumar Mr. Manoj Patel Mr. O P Misra
Designation
Project Coordinator
Team Leader
Team Member
Team Member
Team Member
Team Member
Team Member
Team Member
Specialisation Natural Resources Management
Joint Forest Management and Institution Building Forest Management Forest Plantation Natural Resources Management
Horticulturist
Plantation Management Statistical Analyst Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 3 CONTENTS Chapter No. Particulars
Abbreviations
Executive Summary
1 Background and Context
1.1 Introduction 1.2 Purpose and Scope of the Study
2 Approach and Methodology
2.1 Composition of the Team
2.2 Design of Schedule for Data Collection
2.3 Sampling 2.4 Data Collection
2.5 Analysis of Data and Report Writing
2.6 Structure of the Report
3 Record Based Review
3.1 Vision, Mission and Strategies
3.2 Mission Interventions
3.2.1 Research and Development 3.2.2 Plantation Development 3.3 Cost Norms 3.4 Financial Management
3.4.1 System of Fund Flow 3.4.2 State wise Fund Allocation, Release and Utilisation 4 Physical Achievements
A. National Scenario
4.1 Planting Material Development 4.2 Plantation Coverage 4.3 Improvement of Existing Stock 4.4 Technology Dissemination
4.5 Bamboo Bazaar
B. Project Status
4.6 Planting Material Development 4.7 Plantation Coverage 4.8 Improvement of Existing Stock 4.9 Post Harvesting
4.10 Initiatives For Handicraft Promotion
4.11 Bamboo Retail/Wholesale Markets, Bamboo Bazaar, Retail Showrooms Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
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37 39 42 43
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45 49 61 62
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Page 4 Chapter No. Particulars
4 4.12 Major Problems In Handicraft Promotion
4.13 Beneficiary Analysis
4.14 Capacity Building
4.15 Technology Transfer and Extension Activities
4.16 Bamboo Technical Support Group
4.17 Research and Development
4.18 Administrative and Technical Setup
5 Conclusions And Recommendations
5.1 Planting Material
5.2 Bamboo Plantation and Management
5.3 Post Harvest Management
5.4 Handicrafts Promotion
5.5 Marketing 5.6 Capacity Building
5.7 Technological Transfer
5.8 Financial Norms
5.9 Bamboo Technology Support Groups
5.10 Research and Development
5.11 Convergence with Other Programmes
5.12 Model Creation through Cluster Approach
Annexure 1 Sample Size covered under the Study
Annexure 2 List of Beneficiaries/Groups contacted during the Study Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
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Page 5 ABBREVIATIONS AAP BDA BTSG CBTC CCEA CFC DC (H) DFO DHO FDA FRI Ha ICAR ICFRE JFMC KVK KONBAC MTTPE NBDA NBM NREGS OBC RFRI R&D SAU SBM SBSC SC SFRI SHG ST ToR TC UBFDB VBDC VFMC : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Annual Action Plan Bamboo Development Agency Bamboo Technology Support Group Cane and Bamboo Technology Centre Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs Common Facility Centre Development Commissioner (Handicrafts) Divisional Forest Officer District Horticulture Officer Forest Development Agency Forest Research Institute Hectare Indian Council of Agricultural Research Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education Joint Forest Management Committee Krishi Vigyan Kendra Konkan Bamboo and Cane Development Centre Mid‐term Third Party Evaluation Nagaland Bamboo Development Agency National Bamboo Mission National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme Other Backward Classes Rain Forest Research Institute Research and Development State Agriculture University State Bamboo Mission State Bamboo Steering Committee Scheduled Caste State Forest Research Institute Self‐Help Group Scheduled Tribe Terms of Reference Tissue Culture Uttarakhand Bamboo and Fibre Development Board Village Bamboo Development Committee Village Forest Management Committee Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY National Bamboo Mission was approved by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) for the period 2006‐07 to 2010‐11 as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme to be implemented by the Department of Agriculture and Cooperation at a cost of ` 568.23 crore with 100% Central assistance, including an outlay of ` 91.37 crore during 2006‐07 (X Five Year Plan). The CCEA also ‘in principle’ approved for continuing the Mission during the remaining period of the XI Five Year Plan, that is, in 2011‐12. Whereas bamboo has traditionally been treated as a forest product, National Bamboo Mission (NBM) was framed on the premise of developing it as a crop with various usages. The key objective of the Mission is to address the issues relating to the development of bamboo in the country. The major interventions planned under the Mission to achieve its broad objectives focused on research and development, plantation on forest and non‐
forest lands through Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs) or Village Development Committees (VDCs) and ensuring supply of quality planting material by establishing Centralised and Kisan/Mahila nurseries. Attempts were also made for improvement of existing stock of bamboo, technology transfer through extension and frontline demonstration, human resource development at staff and community levels through training and exposure visits, promotion of micro‐irrigation, pest and disease management, post harvesting management, promotion of bamboo handicrafts and their marketing and export and establishing bamboo wholesale and retail markets. A. National Scenario NBM has made an all‐round progress towards achieving its objectives. A network of nurseries including centralised nurseries and Mahila/Kisan nurseries, were established across the country to ensure adequate quantity of elite cultivars of bamboo to the farmers. This helped in expansion of area under bamboo. Disease free planting material of elite cultivars is a key to the development of bamboo sector in the country. Establishment of Centralised Nursery with the capacity of producing disease free 50,000 saplings per unit a year was envisaged in NBM to meet the demands of planting material. It was planned to establish around 345 centralised nurseries across the country during XI Plan. The issue has been adequately addressed under the NBM as around 566 centralised nurseries were established in the country for producing disease free planting material of elite cultivars which was 64% more than the planned target. Of this, 54% of the nurseries have been established in the States other than the North Eastern region and around 46% in North East region. These nurseries have overall capacity to produce 28.3 million saplings annually. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 7 Centralised nurseries remained the main source of planting materials for almost all the Bamboo Development Agencies (BDAs) and thus, establishment of Centralised Nursery was the main focus. Community participation has been envisaged as an important component in the scheme. The concept of involving women (Mahila) and farmers (Kisan) in raising nurseries is a step forward to enhance community participation in implementation of NBM scheme. The main objective of such nurseries is to produce 5,000 and 10,000 saplings respectively per unit per year. In addition, the concept also contributes to increase in income level of nursery growers. It was planned to establish 160 such nurseries (80 Kisan nurseries & 80 Mahila nurseries) during the XI Plan. The Mission succeeded in establishing around 713 such nurseries (356 Kisan and 357 Mahila nurseries) throughout the country which was more than four times the envisaged targets. Tissue Culture (TC) is a technique which could help the regeneration of large numbers of plants in a relatively short time. It was envisaged to establish 3 TC laboratories, however, under the Mission not many States showed interests. One of the major impediments as reported by State Governments was insufficient financial assistance under the Mission. The only TC laboratory established is in Assam. Bamboo plantation activity was planned to be taken up on forest and non‐forest lands covering a target of 88000 hectare (ha) in forest area and 88000 ha in non‐forest area, each across 27 states taken up under NBM. The programme made an impressive progress covering 194635 ha under bamboo cultivation which was 10% more than the target. Under the programme, plantation of bamboo was taken up over more than 134512 ha in forest area against the envisaged target of 88000 ha which was 52% more than the planned target. North Eastern States were the leaders as far as coverage of bamboo plantation was concerned. In Mizoram, 32306 ha of land were covered under bamboo plantation. Nagaland is placed next to Mizoram in terms of plantation. In Nagaland, plantations were undertaken in around 28748 ha. Arunachal Pradesh is the third largest in terms of bamboo plantation where the plantations have been taken in an area of 14936 ha. The other major States where large scale plantations were undertaken are Manipur, Chhattisgarh, Sikkim, Assam, Odisha, Karnataka and Tripura. During the Plan period, bamboo plantation was undertaken in 60123 ha non‐forest area across the country. Mizoram has undertaken plantation in an area of 9700 ha followed by Arunachal Pradesh where the same was undertaken in 9193 ha area. Sikkim, Manipur, Nagaland and Tripura are other States where bamboo plantations have been undertaken on extensively. Crafts‐persons and artisans of the country are dependant for their livelihood on handicraft items for which bamboo species are being used since times immemorial. In order to Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 8 improve the quality of such products, there is a need to improve upon the existing stock and variety of bamboo that is being used by these crafts‐people and artisans in order to derive maximum benefit and return. Improvement of existing stock was meant to be done to ensure quality bamboo supply to existing users. Funds allocated under this component are primarily being used in soil working and decongestion of clumps. It was planned to bring around 36000 ha area under improved bamboo stock. The programmes of improvement of existing stock were undertaken in all the States. Under the programme, an area of 51925 ha was covered throughout the country. This was 44% more than the target. Nagaland has actively taken up the improving the existing stock under which 11329 ha existing stock were treated for improvement of productivity. This was followed by 6739 ha in Assam and 6476 ha in Mizoram. The other major States where the activity of improvement of existing stock was undertaken are Tripura, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Odisha. Transfer of technology through training, frontline demonstration, etc. are an integral part of the Mission. Under the programme, around 36868 farmers and 5711 field functionaries were trained on scientific and improved production technologies. Tripura took the lead in training the farmers. During the project duration, around 6924 farmers and 506 field functionaries were trained in the state. Next to Tripura is Assam where 3805 farmers and 750 field functionaries were trained. In Nagaland, around 3848 farmers and 330 field functionaries were trained. Tamil Nadu, Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur were other States where large numbers of farmers and field functionaries were trained. To popularise various Bamboo handicrafts products as well as bamboo food items like processed shoots, six retail outlets were created. There was no organised system in bamboo handicrafts and products marketing owing to which the NBM envisaged to set up retail/wholesale markets so that the primary producers (farmers) can sell their produce without any hassle. Under the Programme, five Bamboo Bazaars were created throughout the country of which four were in the North Eastern Region and one in Southern India. Two such bazaars were established both in Assam and Mizoram and one in Karnataka. Wholesale markets were envisaged under the programme with an objective to keep track of the market information related to various bamboo products and its dissemination to the farmers and the primary processors which in turn helps them to plan their activities well in advance. Under the programme, nine such markets were established across the country. Three wholesale markets were established in Nagaland, two each in Sikkim & Maharashtra and one each in Odisha & Assam. B. Findings from Sample Study The Mid‐Term Third Party Evaluation Study of NBM was carried out in nine states and in two districts in each of them as the study area. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 9 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Arunachal Pradesh ‐ East Siang, West Siang Assam ‐ Cachar, Nagaon Chhattisgarh – Korba, Sarguja Jharkhand – Chatra, Hazaribagh Maharashtra ‐ Chandrapur, Yavatmal Mizoram – Mamit, Aizwal Nagaland – Dimapur, Makokchung Odisha – Bolangir, Mayurbhanj Uttarakhand ‐ Pauri, Udham Singh Nagar As per analysis of data collected from nine states, 44% of the total amount was spent on these nine states. The two districts selected within the state are those where the maximum work has been done under the Mission. The study area, thus, accounts for the most significant part of the activities carried out under the Mission. A total number of 347 Centralised, Mahila and Kisan nurseries have been established in the districts covered under this study. About 90% of the established nurseries are centralised of which 78% have been raised by public sector agencies. In addition, a beginning has been made in using tissue cultured planting material in some of the states with encouraging results. BDAs in all the states have done excellent work with regard to bamboo plantation on forest land through Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs) and other village level institutions. However, the plantation on non‐forest land involving farmers and private land owners has not taken full momentum. Some of the findings of the Research and Development (R&D) projects under the Mission have proved that inter‐cropping of bamboo with agricultural/horticultural/medicinal crops can make bamboo cultivation more profitable for the grower. This idea of cultivating bamboo with other suitable crops needs to be transferred to the farmers and other growers. There is more willingness among people for agriculture/horticulture crops over bamboo due to its long gestation period. However, the successful models created under the Mission are increasing farmers’ awareness and willingness for bamboo plantation in future on their less productive lands. Nearly 16% of the total plantation (in the study area) was covered during 2006‐07 of which 79% was covered in states of Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram. The plantation activity geared up during 2007‐08 covering around 37% of the total plantation coverage in the study districts. Of all the studied 18 districts, maximum plantation has taken place in Mokokchung (Nagaland) covering almost one‐fourth of the total plantation area. Of all the nine states, maximum amount of fund released for plantation in forest area has been for Nagaland. Out of the total area covered under non‐forest land during 2006‐11, 18% was Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 10 planted in 2006‐07 with majority of it being in Aizwal district of Mizoram. In subsequent years, this remained between 26% to 28%. North East is a natural habitat of bamboo and survival rate of saplings is more than 75% in the region. But in two districts of Arunachal Pradesh, survival rate has been 50% on an average. It is highest in Mayurbhanj (Odisha) and bamboo grew very well in Bolangir (Odisha) also with a survival rate of about 80%. Cost norms under NBM do not cover fencing. Fencing is very much essential in Arunachal Pradesh, Maharashtra and Uttarakhand where saplings are highly prone to damage by wild and domestic animals. Bamboo handicrafts have a niche but limited market. Unless marketing mechanisms are in place, it is tough to derive benefits out of this activity. Establishment of bamboo bazaar is taking place in Nagaland (Dimapur), Odisha, Assam and Chhattisgarh. Nagaland Bamboo Development Agency (NBDA) houses a retail shop that is being frequented by tourists and local customers. Villages of Nagaland suffer from poor roads. Villagers demand for “bamboo roads” so that they can take harvested bamboo from field to market. The Mission has been able to reach to around 60% of the members of Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) in Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra and a good number of members of Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in Jharkhand and Uttarakhand. Since North Eastern states are predominantly tribal, 100% beneficiaries are STs. The objective of taking benefits of the Mission to SCs/STs/OBCs has been largely fulfilled but there is still a need to reach out to the really needy beneficiary. Due to lack of awareness and limited access to government offices, not many marginal and small farmers could take the benefits of NBM. Another factor is that some small and marginal farmers do not want to plant bamboo; they prefer to work on other crops. Trainings in large number have been imparted to the resource persons, farmers and field functionaries and beneficiaries at different times. But the quality of the training needs to be further upgraded to improve the practical knowledge and skills of the stakeholders. The three Bamboo Technology Support Groups (BTSGs) located at Assam, Uttarakhand and Kerala should improve the strategic inputs for the trainings provided by them to meet this requirement. The Radio Talk initiative taken by Uttarakhand sets a benchmark for creating awareness on mass scale about bamboo cultivation and the details of the scheme of NBM. Other states may be advised to adopt this model. NBDA has published useful literature on bamboo cultivation in adequate number and distributed among the stakeholders. BTSGs have come out with their own literature in this regard and organised trainings. However, more frequent initiatives to promote bamboo culture at an all India level may be taken through print, radio and electronic media. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 11 Research and Development initiatives under the Mission focussed at developing agro‐
forestry models at zonal level institutions. Many encouraging results are coming to suggest economically viable cultivation of bamboo intercropping with agricultural, horticultural and medicinal crops. These results need to be taken to the farmers and other growers. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 12 CHAPTER‐1: BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 1.1 Introduction The Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture had launched a Centrally Sponsored Scheme of “National Bamboo Mission”, during the X Plan with effect from 2006‐07, covering twenty‐seven (27) States of the country. The Mission’s objectives are to promote the growth of the bamboo sector through an area‐
based regionally differentiated strategy; to increase the coverage of area under bamboo in potential areas, with suitable species to enhance yields; to promote marketing of bamboo and bamboo based handicrafts; to establish convergence and synergy among stakeholders for the development of bamboo; to promote, develop and disseminate technologies through a seamless blend of traditional wisdom and modern scientific knowledge; to generate employment opportunities for skilled and unskilled persons, especially unemployed youths. The thrust of the Mission is on an area‐based regionally differentiated strategy for both forest and non‐forest areas. A number of activities are being supported for increasing productivity and quality of bamboo namely increasing area under bamboo cultivation, mass production of superior quality planting stock of recommended species of bamboo, improvement of the existing stock, pest and disease management, improved post‐harvest management and development, and up‐gradation of marketing facilities. Marketing of bamboo and bamboo based handicrafts is being promoted to generate employment opportunities for skilled and unskilled persons, especially unemployed youths. The Scheme has been approved from 2006‐07 to 2010‐11 and ‘in principle’ approval for continuing the same during the remaining period of XI Plan has been received. An amount of ` 7570.86 lakh was provided during 2006‐07 for implementing NBM programmes in thirteen (13) States which had submitted their proposals. During 2007‐08, an amount of `
11439.62 lakh was released to twenty‐four (24) States/implementing agencies including `
359.80 lakh for nineteen (19) R&D projects while during 2008‐09, a sum of ` 8466.60 lakh including ` 123.74 lakh for an R&D institution was released. The Scheme has been in operation effectively for about three years (up to 2009‐10). During 2006‐07, although the fund was approved for release during March 2006‐07, yet the implementing states received the funds only in May/June 2007‐08. In Government forest lands, bamboo plantation programme is undertaken through the Forest Development Agencies (FDAs) and the JFMCs. However, in case of Non‐Forest Areas, the Bamboo Development Agency is the nodal agency. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 13 To evaluate the performance of programme implementation in order to assess its impact in fulfilling the objectives envisaged under the Scheme, NBM awarded Agricultural Finance Corporation Limited the task to undertake the ‘Mid‐term Third Party Evaluation (MTTPE) of the Scheme’ in nine states including Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha and Uttarakhand. 1.2 Purpose and Scope of the Study A.
General The Mid‐term Third Party Evaluation study primarily emphasises on the following aspects:  Analyse the physical and financial achievements vis‐à‐vis targets and outlays as per the suggested parameters in the terms of reference (ToR).  Impact of the Scheme in the cluster/district in general and the beneficiaries in particular.  Adequacy of the mechanism to supply good quality planting material to the farmers.  Impact in terms of production and productivity improvement of bamboo crops keeping 2006‐07 as the base year.  Impact in terms of expansion of area in forest and non‐forest land.  Adequacy and impact of trainings on skill up‐gradation and its application.  Adequacy and impact of extension activities and transfer of technology.  Effectiveness of activities undertaken for promotion of bamboo handicrafts.  Available administrative and technical set up with the State Bamboo Missions (SBMs) and its effectiveness in administering the Scheme at the district and block levels, especially in case of Non‐Forest Area.  Scope of Operational Guidelines including cost norms and recommend modification, if any needed.  Extent to which employment opportunities have been created. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
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Extent to which Growers’ Association, Self Help Groups (SHGs), Cooperative Societies in bamboo, Marketing Boards, Research Organisations like State Agriculture Universities (SAUs), Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE)/Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Institutes, Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), and other State organisations have been involved in project implementation. 
Impact of Panchayati Raj Institutions. 
Adequacy and timeliness of fund flow and delivery mechanism. 
Progress reporting mechanism. B.
Specific The study should evaluate physical and financial progress, and determine the qualitative and quantitative impact of various interventions taken up during three years of the Mission in respect to the following components: 
Planting Material a) Nursery ‐The study should indicate the number of nurseries set up, both in public and private sector; number of saplings being produced per year; whether planting material generated from these nurseries is of good quality and will be sufficient to meet the future demand of the State. b) Tissue Culture Lab/Unit ‐ The study should indicate the number of TC labs/units that have been established both in the public and private sector and the output thereof. 
Area Expansion ‐ The study should indicate the details of pre‐project (2005‐06) and current level of area coverage, production and productivity of various bamboo species covered under NBM in different States. Survival and growth of bamboo crops together with their production and productivity also needs to be indicated. 
Improvement of Existing Stock ‐ The study should indicate the progress of rejuvenation/replanting of various bamboo species taken up under the Scheme in various States along with the enhancement in production and productivity of existing bamboo plantations post NBM intervention. The study should also indicate the measures taken by the state implementing agency to improve productivity of existing stock. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
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Technology Transfer and Human Resource Development ‐ The study should indicate the details of the training programmes organised for farmers, entrepreneurs, field functionaries, artisans, etc. and the number of beneficiaries trained in different NBM States in the area of nursery management, bamboo plantation and other related activities. Details of farmers/field functionaries visited, inside/outside State are also to be indicated. The impact of training among farmers/field functionaries/ entrepreneurs on skill up gradation and its applications should also to be indicated. The level of awareness generated among farmers after training/exposure visits should also be brought out. 
Technology Dissemination through Front Line Demonstrations ‐ The study should indicate the number of technology dissemination cum frontline demonstrations taken up in farmers’ field as well as on public sector farms and the spread effect of these demonstrations for adoption of improved package of practices and innovative technologies developed in various NBM states. It should also indicate whether any frontline demonstrations have been organised in drought‐prone area. 
Pest and Disease Management ‐ The study should indicate the measures taken by the States to control pests and diseases at the plantation level and output thereof. 
Post Harvest Storage and Treatment Facilities ‐ The study should indicate the achievement made in respect of the infrastructure developed for post harvest management and also future planning in this regard. The study should also indicate the impact of the infrastructure created/to be created for reducing the post harvest losses and increasing the shelf life of the produce. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 16 CHAPTER‐2: APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY An interactive and participatory methodology was adopted at all levels to capture in‐depth information from different categories of respondents in the studied states and districts. The major steps followed for conducting the study are as below: 2.1 Composition of the Team 
A team of qualified and experienced professionals specialised in natural resources management, forestry, monitoring and evaluation, institutional aspects, social and gender equity and participatory approaches was deployed in the field. The study team was also assisted by a cadre of local investigators equipped with technical and social background for carrying out primary and secondary data collection. 
The study team was oriented on various aspects covering background, objectives of the study, scope of work, approach and methodology, sample design, etc. The training programme also focused on research tools including checklist, schedules, formats, physical verification, structured and unstructured interviews, focus group discussion (FGD), case studies, etc. 2.2 Design of Schedule for Data Collection 
The team studied and analysed the relevant literature and documents related to bamboo plantation and bamboo based handicrafts promotion, ToR, operational guidelines of NBM, etc. 
The schedules were designed on the basis of ToR and the operational guidelines of NBM. Different schedules were developed to collect information from primary and secondary stakeholders; viz. individual farmers, groups/JFMCs, artisans, state and district level officials of project implementing agencies, research and development institutions, marketing agencies, BTSGs. 
The schedules were shared with NBM officials in Delhi office and their suggestions were incorporated to finalise the same. 2.3 Sampling 
The sample design included coverage of two districts in each of the study states. 1. Arunachal Pradesh ‐ East Siang, West Siang 2. Assam ‐ Cachar, Nagaon 3. Chhattisgarh – Korba, Sarguja Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 17 4. Jharkhand – Chatra, Hazaribagh 5. Maharashtra ‐ Chandrapur, Yavatmal 6. Mizoram – Mamit, Aizwal 7. Nagaland – Dimapur, Makokchung 8. Odisha – Bolangir, Mayurbhanj 9. Uttarakhand ‐ Pauri, Udham Singh Nagar 
A random sampling of 10% was adopted to capture information from beneficiaries including individual farmer, plantation groups/committees, nursery grower, artisans, etc. Detailes are given in Annexure – 1 & 2. 2.4 Data Collection 
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The research tools used for information collection in the field from different sets of respondents included household survey at family level, semi‐structured interviews, structured interviews, focus group discussion, physical verification, case studies, etc. The field testing of various schedules and methodology to be used for data collection was carried out in one of the districts studied with a view to learn mistakes and to take immediate action for modification in the designed formats and planned approach. The modifications in approach, methodology and research tools were made accordingly. A cross section of various activities taken up under the programme was covered under physical verification by the field team. The quality control mechanism was developed to ensure quality of data collection in the field. An efficient communication system also facilitated tracking of problematic issues and deciding the corrective measures in time. 2.5 Analysis of Data and Report Writing 
The data collected from various sources was compiled and analysed centrally and the report was prepared as per ToR. 2.6 Structure of the Report Chapter 1 of the Report gives a background and introduction to evaluation. The approach and methodology adopted for programme evaluation is covered in Chapter 2. The programme interventions designed under NBM for promotion of bamboo plantation and bamboo based handicrafts, cost norms and component‐wise release of funds for different states in different years is covered in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 focuses on key observations and findings with regard to activities’ performance and the same are concluded along with recommendations in Chapter 5 of the Report. Additional information has been annexed at the end of the Report. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 18 CHAPTER‐3: RECORD BASED REVIEW 3.1 Vision, Mission and Strategies Bamboo is a versatile group of plants which is capable of providing ecological, economic and livelihood security to the people. Till recently, it has remained confined to the forests and in patches as homesteads, backyards and private lands; with two‐thirds of the growing stock being located in the North‐Eastern States only. The importance of bamboo as a source of raw material for industrial and domestic use with its growing demand all over the country necessitated its cultivation in farm lands as well. Keeping in view the vast untapped potential of the bamboo plant, the NBM was set up to address the issues relating to the development of bamboo in the country. NBM is aimed to promote holistic growth of the bamboo sector through area based regionally differentiated strategies; to increase the coverage of area under bamboo both in forest and non‐forest areas with appropriate varieties to enhance yield; promote marketing of bamboo based handicrafts; establish convergence and synergy among stakeholders for development of bamboo; promote, develop and disseminate technologies through a seamless blend of traditional wisdom and modern scientific knowledge and generate employment opportunities for skilled and unskilled persons, especially unemployed youths. The Mission planned to adopt a strategic approach to achieve its objectives. The major strategies planned by the Mission include adoption of a specific approach covering production and marketing to assure appropriate returns to growers/producers, promotion of R&D of technologies for production, enhanced acreage (in forest and non‐forest areas) and productivity, adoption of a coordinated approach and promoting partnership/ convergence and synergy among R&D marketing agencies in public as well as private sectors at all levels, promotion of cooperatives and self‐help groups to ensure support and adequate returns to farmers, facilitation of capacity‐building and Human Resource Development and setting up of National, State and sub‐State level structures, keeping in view the need for getting adequate returns for the produce of the farmers and eliminating middlemen to the extent possible. The Mission Structure designed for effective and efficient implementation of the scheme includes National Apex Committee (NAC), National Steering Committee (NSC), National Bamboo Cell (NBC) and Working Groups to oversee several sectors such as Research, Plantation Development, Handicraft and Marketing at national level. The structure at the state level includes State Bamboo Steering Committee (SBSC), BDA and district level implementation units. In addition, BTSGs have been appointed to provide support to implementing agencies. The major areas of BTSG support to field implementation Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 19 emphasises on policy, organisational and technical aspects, capacity building of field functionaries on various aspects, conducting studies & research, undertaking publicity campaigns, and documentation and dissemination of success stories. 3.2 Mission Interventions The major interventions planned under the Mission to achieve its broad objectives focused on the following areas: 3.2.1 Research and Development The research and development component was expected to concentrate on technology generation as appropriate to each region/State keeping in view their specific agro‐climatic and socio‐economic conditions. An emphasis was also laid on effective documentation/transfer and dissemination of technologies available in India and abroad. The ICAR, ICFRE and Institutes such as Rain Forest Research Institute (RFRI), Jorhat; Forest Research Institute, Dehradun; Indian Institute of Wood Science, Bangalore (IWST); the State Forest Research Institute; Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal; Kerala Forest Research Institute (KFRI), Peechi; Indian Plywood Industries Research & Training Institute (IPIRTI), Bangalore; Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay; Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore; Regional Research Laboratories (RRLs); Central Agricultural Universities; State Agricultural Universities and other research institutes in the public sector having capabilities in this area were involved in taking up research programmes on bamboo. The research institutions were also expected to address identified and emerging needs in the areas of plantation, developing new Agro‐forestry systems with bamboo, harvesting and sustainable management of bamboo resources, livelihood based ecosystem protection and improving the durability of bamboo. 3.2.2 Plantation Development This component primarily aimed at expansion of area under bamboo plantation in the potential areas both in Government forests as well as in non‐forest lands for commercial utilisation. The main objective of this component is to increase the production of commercially important bamboo species and shoots for regular supply to the processing units for production of more value added products. The overall goal of this component is to ensure that the target is achieved within the stipulated time in order to ensure employment generation and achieve rural poverty alleviation with input of right technology for supply of planting material and pre‐harvest management practices. The principal activities under this are: Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 20 3.2.2.1 Ensuring Availability of Quality Planting Material The demand for planting material was planned to be met by establishment of Centralised and Decentralised nurseries. Planting material was also to be generated from TC laboratories. The decentralised nurseries were primarily planned to be raised by the local people in the name of ‘Mahila Nursery’ and ‘Kisan Nursery’. 3.2.2.2 Certifying Agency for Planting Materials In order to ensure quality supply of planting materials for commercial bamboo plantation in both Government Forest Land as well as the Non Forest Land, a suitable Certifying Agency having expertise on the subject was to be identified by the respective BDAs/FDAs in each State from Public/ Private sector for ensuring quality of planting material. 3.2.2.3 Improvement of Existing Stock In order to improve the quality of raw material for handicraft products, a focus was laid on improvement of the existing stock and variety of bamboo that is being used by the craftsmen and artisans. The existing stock of bamboo was to be improved so that the craftsmen and artisans can derive maximum benefits and returns from the products that are being manufactured from the existing stock. 3.2.2.4 Technology Transfer & HRD in Plantation Development Transfer of technology through training, frontline demonstration, publicity and training of the trainers are an integral part of the Mission. Appropriate trainings were to be imparted to the farmers for the adoption of scientific measures (pre and post harvest management) for high yield plantations of bamboo and harvesting of shoots. Provision of resource material to the trainees and making them aware of various farming techniques through exhibitions and demonstrations were the key activities to be undertaken. These activities were to be carried out both by the government as well as the private sector and NGOs. 3.2.2.5 Irrigation Irrigating the bamboo plantations during summer and during the period without rain for 20 days or so is a must for better yield. For the Mission, such areas were supposed to be covered as have been identified under Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP). Depending on the proposals received from the States, an amount of ` 20000 towards purchase of irrigation systems per hectare was planned to be provided subject to a ceiling of 4 ha, depending on actual and emerging needs of the areas identified for plantation. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 21 3.2.2.6 Technology Dissemination through Front Line Demonstration Latest technologies were planned to be promoted in bamboo plantation through active involvement of farmers’ participatory demonstration in compact areas of one hectare. This was to be organised at strategic locations and in drought prone States for which assistance was limited to 50% of the cost. 3.2.2.7 Pests and Disease Management Pests and diseases pose a serious threat to bamboo right from the seed stage to the finished product. Quite a number of insect fauna including sap‐suckers, borers and defoliators have been reported from bamboo in the Indian sub‐continent. Disease control in bamboo essential for both natural forests and for plantations is done by application of fungicides as well as other chemicals. Depending on the proposals received, an amount of `
200 per hectare was to be provided as a one‐time grant from the NBM for this purpose. 3.2.2.8 Handicrafts, Bamboo Marketing and Exports The purpose of this component is to provide and increase employment opportunities, preservation and introduction of new designs and mechanisation of bamboo‐based crafts as living heritage and to assist in marketing these products. The main objectives of this component are: a) Introduction of Grading systems for round and primary processed bamboo; b) Introduction of preservative methods (both conventional and chemical) according to use; c) Conversion of niche bamboo handicrafts products to mass products; d) Introduction of utility handicrafts through industrialised means; e) Setting up of bamboo wholesale and retail markets near villages; f) Marketing through Bamboo Festivals, Melas, Expos, Craft Bazaars, bamboo markets and introduction of an effective Electronic Information Flow system. 3.2.2.9 Bamboo Wholesale & Retail Markets near Village Level Micro Processing Units Bamboo Wholesale/Retail Markets were planned to be set up all over the country. These markets, apart from other facilities were supposed to have a computer and V‐SAT facilities. These markets, apart from trading activities, were also expected to keep track of the market information related to various bamboo products and thus, the farmers and the primary processors would have direct access to such information and data which in turn would help them to plan their activities well ahead. These markets could also be set up and maintained by the community themselves or in partnership with the State Governments. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 22 3.2.2.10
Bamboo Bazaars Bamboo Bazaars were to be put in place throughout the country. Adjacent to these Bamboo Bazaars, information centres were also proposed. These Bazaars also would have computers, V‐SAT facilities for keeping track of various demand and supply of bamboo products, costs, user industries etc. These Bazaars could be set up and maintained by the community themselves or in partnership with the State Governments. The State Marketing Boards could also take up this activity. 3.2.2.11
Retail Outlets (Showrooms) To popularise various Bamboo handicrafts products including processed shoots, Retail Outlets (Show‐room) were also planned to be established in 10 metros. These outlets would also have V‐SAT facilities. 3.2.2.12
Participation in Domestic and International Trade Fairs In order to popularise and market the various bamboo products, it was planned to encourage participants from different states in national and international level trade fairs 3.2.2.13
Market Surveys Although a large number of market surveys have been conducted in recent times on high value and up‐market bamboo products, yet there remains a massive gap to address the needs, requirements and profitability of low and medium value bamboo products that are being made. This is all the more necessary in view of the fact that all financial institutions and banks while appraising project proposals, lay stress on the marketability of the products to be produced. As such, it would be in track to conduct a market survey specially related to bamboo products like tooth picks, window blinds, cotton ear buds, skewers and the like, which have been conventionally made of wood in our country and the consumers are used to it. This market survey, apart from estimating the demand‐supply chain and present players and future demands, was also done to highlight how bamboo products would have to be positioned and the market entry strategy thereby indicating pricing, supply position and branding. 3.3 Cost Norms The cost norms of assistance for various components adopted under the NBM programme have been provided in the following table. The cost norms include an upper limit for all the components along with a subsidy or credit linked amount. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 23 S. No. Programme Estimated Cost and Pattern of Assistance
1. Plantation Development (Forest Area)
Centralised Public sector ` 2.73 lakh
(0.25 ha) 100% assistance subject to a maximum @ ` 2.73 lakh per nursery Centralised Private sector ` 2.73 lakh
(0.25 ha) 25% of cost subject to a maximum of ` 68000/‐ each as credit linked back ended subsidy Kisan nursery ` 26000/‐
(0.1 ha) 25% of cost, maximum of ` 6500/‐ per nursery Mahila nursery ` 26000/‐
(0.1 ha) 25% of cost, maximum of ` 6500/‐ per nursery 2. Planting Material (Non‐Forest Area)
Centralised Public sector ` 2.73 lakh per nursery
(0.25 ha) 100% assistance subject to a maximum of ` 2.73 lakh Centralised Private sector ` 2.73 lakh per nursery
(0.25 ha) 25% of cost subject to a maximum of ` 68000/‐ each as credit linked back ended subsidy Kisan nursery ` 26000/‐
(0.1 ha) 25% of cost, maximum of ` 6500/‐ per nursery Mahila nursey ` 26000/‐
(0.1 ha) 25% of cost, maximum of ` 6500/‐ per nursery 3. Tissue Culture Units – Public ` 21 lakh per TC unit,
Sector 100% assistance to PSUs, maximum of ` 21 lakh Tissue Culture Units – Private ` 21 lakh per TC unit
Sector 50% assistance, maximum of ` 10.5 lakh 4. Captive Plantation Forest area ` 25000/‐ per ha.
100% assistance, in two equal instalments Non‐forest area ` 16000/‐ per ha.
50% of cost, maximum of ` 8000/‐ per ha. 5. Improvement of Existing Stock ` 8000/‐ per ha.
100% assistance 6. Technology Transfer & HRD
Training of ` 1520/ per participant within state, ` 2500/‐
farmers/entrepreneurs outside state for seven days Training of field functionaries
` 8000/‐ per participant for a period of seven days
Demonstration of plantation 50% cost subject to maximum of ` 10000/ha. for a maximum area of 0.5 ha per beneficiary technology Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 24 S. No. Programme 7. Workshop
International level 8. 9. 10. 11. Estimated Cost and Pattern of Assistance
100% assistance subject to a maximum of ` 40 lakh 100% assistance subject to maximum of ` 5lakh
100% assistance subject to maximum of ` 3lakh
100% assistance subject to maximum of ` 1lakh
` 400/‐ per beneficiary per ha; 50% of cost, maximum of ` 200/‐ National level State level
District level Pest and Disease Management Handicraft, Marketing and Exports
Bamboo wholesale market
` 16 lakh per unit
25% of cost, subject to maximum of ` 4 lakh for general areas; 33.33% of cost subject to maximum of ` 5.33 lakh for hilly/tribal area Bamboo bazaar ` 27 lakh per unit
25% of cost, maximum of ` 6.75lakh; 33.33% of cost subject to maximum of ` 9 lakh for hilly/tribal area Retail outlets ` 40 lakh
25% of subject maximum to ` 10 lakh; 33.33% of cost subject to maximum of ` 13.33 lakh for hilly/tribal area Participation in Domestic 75% of cost (` 3.75 lakh) for an event of 2 days @ ` 5 lakh per event Trade Fairs Participation in International Trade Fairs 75% of cost (` 7.5 lakh) for an event of 5 days @ ` 10 lakh per event) (Source: National Bamboo Mission, New Delhi) 3.4 Financial Management 3.4.1 System of Fund Flow As per the system of fund flow, Annual Action Plans (AAPs) by the states are submitted in the preceding financial year to the NBM Cell in Delhi. AAPs contain the tentative budgetary requirements against each activity that the state's Nodal office plans to take up in the given year. AAPs are area‐based, premised on existing potential for bamboo development, available unspent balance out of previous release and capacity to absorb the funds in taking up activities. In non‐forest areas, the committees at the district level prepare and submit AAP to the BDA which in turn submits the same to State Level Steering Committee (SLSC). In forest areas, AAPs are prepared by the JFMC and submitted to FDA which in turn submits them to SLSC for finalisation. The AAP approved by the SLSC are considered by the National Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 25 Steering Committee. AAPs are discussed in the National Steering Committee meetings and are finalised. Hence, budgets are allocated for each state. First instalment of the annually allocated funds is released based on last year's progress report and Utilisation Certificate (UC) submitted by the State. Subsequent instalment is released when previous year's audited UCs are submitted. Funds are released in two to four instalments. 3.4.2 State Wise Fund Allocation, Release and Utilisation The state wise details of funds allocation, release and utilisation across the components have been shown in the following tables. In most of the states, funds disbursal started in the year 2006‐07. In Jharkhand and Maharashtra, the process began a year later. Table below gives the status of the funds released during the last five years in various sampled states. (In ` lakh) State 2006‐07 2007‐08
Chhattisgarh 275.34 786.98
Jharkhand ‐ 100
Maharashtra ‐ 109.78
Odisha 329.97 736.72
Uttarakhand 261.87 387
Arunachal Pradesh 1510.4 873.6
Assam 1080.3 601.36
Mizoram 865.45 1001.97
Nagaland 1316 1484.17
Total 5639.33 6081.8
2008‐09
549
276.6
483.6
140.9
285.5
196
755.2
825.3
1370
4882.1
2009‐10
427.46
109.14
190.74
184.68
79.5
50
338.44
900
965.34
3245.3
2010‐11 567 352 300 306 220 200 694 1737 1155 5531 Total
2605
837
1084
1698
1233
2829
3469
5329
6290
25375
(Source: State Project Implementing Agency) As per the table above, the total amount released for the nine states (` 253.75 crore) is around 44% of the total fund allocated under NBM. It is also seen that the maximum amount has been released for Nagaland followed by Mizoram and Assam. Component‐wise Release of Funds Following are the details of the funds released under various components of NBM in the various states during each financial year: Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 26 3.4.2.1 Centralised Nursery in Public Sector (in ` Lakh) 2006‐07 State Target 2007‐08 2008‐09 Achieved Target Achieved Target 2010‐11 Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Arunachal Pradesh 43.68 43.68 40.95 40.95 Assam 43.68 43.68 10.92 10.92 5.46 5.46 Chhattisgarh 43.68 43.68 54.6 54.6 5.46 5.46 Jharkhand 7.78 7.78 27.3 21.35 Maharashtra 10.92 10.92 21.84 21.84 5.46 5.46 Mizoram 54.6 54.6 27.3 27.3 Nagaland 16.38 16.38 13.65 13.65 Odisha 27.3 27.3 136.5 136.5 5.46 5.46 38.22 38.22 2.73 2.73 5.46 2.73 Uttarakhand 2009‐10 37.5 37.5 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) 3.4.2.2 Centralised Nursery in Private Sector (in ` Lakh) 2006‐07 State Target Arunachal Pradesh 3.4 Assam 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved 3.4 10.88 3.4 2010‐11 Target Achieved 3.4 1.36 Chhattisgarh Jharkhand 8.6 2.41 Maharashtra Mizoram 1.36 1.36 Nagaland 6.8 6.8 5.44 5.44 Odisha 6.8 6.8 3.4 3.4 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 Uttarakhand (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) 3.4.2.3 Kisan Nursery in Public Sector (in ` Lakh) 2006‐07 State Target Achieved 2007‐08 Target Achieved 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.26 0.26 0.39 0.39 0.65 0.65 0.97 0.97 0.52 0.52 0.32 0.32 Arunachal Pradesh 0.65 Assam 0.65 Chhattisgarh 2008‐09 Target Achieved 0.13 0.13 2009‐10 Target 2010‐11 Achieved Target Achieved Jharkhand Maharashtra Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Uttarakhand (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 27 3.4.2.4 Kisan Nursery in Private Sector (in ` Lakh) 2006‐07 Target Achieved State Arunachal Pradesh Assam Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Maharashtra Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Uttarakhand 0.65 0.32 0.26 0.65 0.65 0.52 0.65 0.26 0.65 0.65 0.52 2007‐08 2008‐09 Target Achieved Target Achieved 0.65 0.65 0.58 0.65 0.13 0.97 1.04 0.13 0.97 1.04 0.58 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.52 0.13 0.52 0.13 0.65 0.65 2009‐10 2010‐11 Target Achieved Target Achieved (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) 3.4.2.5 Mahila Nursery in Private Sector (in ` Lakh) 2006‐07 Target Achieved State Arunachal Pradesh Assam Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Maharashtra Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Uttarakhand 0.39 0.32 0.26 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.39 0.26 0.65 0.65 0.65 2007‐08 2008‐09 Target Achieved Target Achieved 0.32 0.65 0.65 0.32 0.13 0.78 1.04 0.13 0.78 1.04 0.65 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.52 0.13 0.52 0.13 0.65 0.65 2009‐10 2010‐11 Target Achieved Target Achieved (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) 3.4.2.6 Plantation in Forest Area (in ` Lakh) State Arunachal Pradesh Assam Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Maharashtra Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Uttarakhand 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved 2009‐10 Target Achieved 2010‐11 Target Achieved 714.25 720 216 12.5 368.8 281.9 134.5 95 375 372.5 191.3 62.5 157.5 514.9 141.3 157.5 326.75 140.4 75 737.5 688 125 124 56.25 737.5 502.29 82.5 88.75 625 900 172 209 714.25 720 216 625 900 172 209 377.5 275 312.5 52.22 37.5 569.5 937.5 175.9 274.3 377.5 275 312.5 52.22 37.5 569.5 937.5 175.87 274.25 71.26 219.6 75 219.62 104 350 187 375 5 25 86.5 208.75 187 375 5 12.5 37.5 281.87 106.25 30 375 372.5 137.5 62.5 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) Maximum amount of funds for plantation is released for Nagaland and thus, maximum plantation done in districts of Nagaland. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 28 3.4.2.7 Plantation in Non‐Forest Area (in ` Lakh) 2006‐07 State Target Arunachal Pradesh 360 Assam 80 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target 360 308 308 12 40 Chhattisgarh 12 4 39.52 Achieved 39.4 40 40 Jharkhand 20.48 Maharashtra 4 20 40 Mizoram 2010‐11 80 80 120 10.24 0.49 8 90.8 12 12 80 45.44 40.72 24.51 80 18.97 100 100 64 64 13.2 5.6 20 10 160 160 60 60 20 20 70 70 40 40 2 2 4 4 4 Nagaland Odisha Uttarakhand 10 10 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) 3.4.2.8 Maintenance of Plantation raised in previous year in Forest Area (in ` Lakh) 2006‐07 State Target Arunachal Pradesh 2007‐08 Achieved Target Achieved 2008‐09 Target 2009‐10 Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved 377.5 94.5 353.5 275 275 219.6 Chhattisgarh 312.5 278.08 Jharkhand 68.75 41.98 Assam 2010‐11 Maharashtra 219.62 37.5 37.5 281.9 242.18 104 31.56 129.4 59.41 68.42 105.62 30 15 Mizoram 569.5 494.25 187.5 187.5 375 375 Nagaland 937.5 937.5 314 314 372 372 Odisha 175.9 122.88 57.99 3.42 191.6 191.57 274.3 273.84 62.5 62.5 Uttarakhand (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) 3.4.2.9 Maintenance of Plantation raised in previous year in Non‐Forest Area (in ` Lakh) State Arunachal Pradesh 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved 308 162.5 2010‐11 Target Achieved 80 74.08 0.49 0.28 12 Assam Chhattisgarh 40 Jharkhand Maharashtra Mizoram 60 60 32.04 17.9 41.56 16.76 20 20 100 100 42 34.03 7.97 7.97 10 8.6 Nagaland Odisha 40 Uttarakhand 4 4 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 29 3.4.2.10 Improvement of Existing Stock (in ` Lakh) 2006‐07 State Target Arunachal Pradesh 2007‐08 2008‐09 Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved 2009‐10 Target 2010‐11 Achieved Target Achieved Assam 160 160 126.4 126.4 115.7 115.68 78.8 29.8 188 108 Chhattisgarh 160 160 32 32 40 40 11.52 11.18 Jharkhand 39.5 39.5 70 45.57 27.52 19.7 80 64.19 64 64 24 16 16 75.52 75.52 201.6 201.6 100 100 201.8 121.76 Maharashtra Mizoram Nagaland 182.32 182.32 Odisha Uttarakhand 1.6 1.6 144 144 200 200 240 240 3.2 40 40 16 80 14.72 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) 3.4.2.11 Post Harvest Storage and Treatment (in ` Lakh) 2006‐07 State 2007‐08 2008‐09 Target Achieved Target Achieved Arunachal Pradesh 2009‐10 Target Achieved Target 20 20 20 20 17.56 20 Achieved 2010‐11 Target Achieved Assam 20 20 20 Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Maharashtra Mizoram 20 Nagaland 40 40 20 20 20 40 40 Odisha Uttarakhand 40 40 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) 3.4.2.12 Training of Farmers within State (in ` Lakh) 2006‐07 State Target 2007‐08 2008‐09 Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Arunachal Pradesh Assam 6.08 3.04 6.08 3.04 16.41 18.75 16.41 18.75 3.04 16.41 Chhattisgarh 1.36 1.36 7.6 7.6 6.08 Jharkhand Maharashtra 2010‐11 Target Achieved 1.52 9.11 1.34 1.48 10.95 3.42 6.08 3.05 3.05 1.53 1.52 1.14 1.14 1.56 1.56 1.52 1.52 1.52 4.86 4.86 1.52 0.83 6.08 6.08 6.08 1.49 1.49 3.24 3.24 7.66 7.66 Mizoram 4.25 4.25 12.16 12.16 6.08 Nagaland Odisha 1.1 12.16 1.1 12.16 31.92 3.8 31.92 3.8 1.52 1.82 1.82 12.92 12.92 Uttarakhand 2009‐10 0.54 0.54 0.55 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 30 3.4.2.13 Training of Farmers outside State (in ` Lakh) 2006‐07 State 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11 Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Arunachal Pradesh 4.92 4.92 20 20 2.5 Assam 2.5 2.5 10 10 15 10 2 2 2.5 0.25 Chhattisgarh Jharkhand 0.62 0.62 Mizoram Odisha 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 1.25 1.25 12.8 2 2.5 1.25 1.25 1.1 1.25 1.25 1.25 Nagaland Achieved 1.25 1.25 Maharashtra Target 5 1.25 1.25 1.25 5 5 1.25 Uttarakhand (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) 3.4.2.14 Training of Field Functionaries (in ` Lakh) 2006‐07 State Target Arunachal Pradesh Assam Chhattisgarh 2007‐08 2008‐09 Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved 16.64 16.64 40 40 4 8 8 28 28 16.32 12.8 3.2 3.2 1.6 1.6 4 4 Jharkhand Maharashtra 1.6 1.6 0.4 28 6.48 5.6 5.6 4 4 4 4 2.4 2.4 4.32 4.32 8 8 8 8 1.6 1.6 15.2 15.2 3.2 1.6 4 Nagaland 16.24 4 4 8 Achieved 2.92 12.8 8 Target 4 12.8 8 2010‐11 4 5.28 8 Uttarakhand 4 5.28 Mizoram Odisha 2009‐10 4 1.6 4 2.77 1.2 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) 3.4.2.15 Demonstration of Technology (in ` Lakh) 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11 Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved State Arunachal Pradesh Assam Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Maharashtra Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Uttarakhand 2 2 2.2 2 2 2 8 2 8 2 5 3 5 3 2.5 7 1.6 7 1.6 1 1 2.5 0.2 2.6 2.6 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.2 1 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 31 3.4.2.16 Workshop/Seminar at State Level (in ` Lakh) 2006‐07 Target Achieved State Arunachal Pradesh Assam Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Maharashtra Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Uttarakhand 3 3 3 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11 Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 3 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 3 3 3 3 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1.49 3 3 6 3 3 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) 3.4.2.17 Workshop/Seminar at District Level (in ` Lakh) 2006‐07
Target Achieved State Arunachal Pradesh Assam Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Maharashtra Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Uttarakhand 10 3 3 10 3
3
8 8
10 3 10 3
2007‐08
Target Achieved
20 27 16 8 11 30 3 20 27
16
8
11
30
3
2008‐09
Target Achieved
10 30
6
25
8
20
6
25
8
2009‐10 Target Achieved 4 7
6
2
8
8
4 1 6 2 3 8 2010‐11
Target Achieved
15
15
2
6
3
5
2
0.9
3
5
10
(Source: State Project Implementing Agency) 3.4.2.18 Participation in Domestic Trade Fairs (in ` Lakh) 2006‐07 State 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Arunachal Pradesh Assam 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 7.5 7.5 7.5 3.75 Chhattisgarh 3.75 Jharkhand 3.75 Maharashtra 2010‐11 Target Achieved 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 2.7 Mizoram 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 Nagaland 3.75 3.75 7.5 7.5 3.75 3.75 3.75 2 2 3.75 1 3.75 3.75 Odisha Uttarakhand 3.75 3.75 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 32 3.4.2.19 Pest and Disease Management (in ` Lakh) 2006‐07 State 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11 Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Arunachal Pradesh Assam 14 14 7.7 7.7 0.37 0.37 0.92 0.92 Chhattisgarh 6 0.2 0.2 6.25 1 1 6.25 0.2 0.2 0.34 Jharkhand Maharashtra Mizoram Nagaland 3.5 3.5 Odisha 7.8 7.8 Uttarakhand 20 20 10 10 2 2 12 12 11.83 11.83 12 12 0.4 0.4 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) 3.4.2.20 Innovative Intervention (in ` Lakh) 2006‐07 State 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11 Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Arunachal Pradesh Assam Chhattisgarh 200 200 43 23 300 205 Jharkhand Maharashtra 48 Mizoram 25 47.5 25 Nagaland 23 10 33 15.5 7.4 25 25.3 5 28 20 12 12 162.3 152.28 8 8 25 16 15.65 1.94 Odisha Uttarakhand 5 12 16.65 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) 3.4.2.21 Bamboo Wholesale and Retail Market near Village (in ` Lakh) 2006‐07 State 2007‐08 Target Achieved Target Achieved Arunachal Pradesh 2008‐09 Target 2009‐10 2010‐11 Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Assam 5.33 5.33 5.33 5.33 21.23 Chhattisgarh Jharkhand 8 Maharashtra 8 Mizoram 6.06 8 26.65 Nagaland 15.99 15.99 Odisha Uttarakhand 26.65 13.33 13.33 12 2 10 10 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 33 3.4.2.22 Year wise release and expenditure of BTSGs (in ` Lakh) BTSG Name BTSG (Kerala) BTSG (Dehradun) CBTC (Guwahati) Total 2006‐07 Rel.
Exp. 0.00
0.00 2007‐08
Rel.
Exp.
30.22
30.22
2008‐09
Rel.
Exp.
32.15
32.15
2009‐10 Rel. Exp. 0.00 0.00 2010‐11
Rel.
Exp.
10.00
10.00
0.00 0.00 34.30 34.30 28.82 28.82 0.00 0.00 5.00 4.90 91.95 91.95 100.20 100.20 130.84 130.84 76.96 72.47 45.00 28.80 91.95
164.72
76.96 60.00
191.81
(Source: State Project Implementing Agency) *Rel ‐ Release Exp ‐ Expenditure Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 34 CHAPTER‐4: PHYSICAL ACHIEVEMENTS The major interventions taken up under NBM include plantation on forest and non‐forest lands, developing planting material through nursery raising and TC, promotion of bamboo based handicraft, post harvest management, marketing, capacity building, stakeholders’ participation, research and development, etc. The national scenario of NBM programme is presented in the following pages along with key observations and findings from the studied projects covering 2 districts in each of the 9 states. A. National Scenario The National Bamboo Mission aims at the holistic development of the bamboo sector in India. The thrust of the Mission is on an area based regionally differentiated strategy for both forest and non‐forest areas. A number of activities are being supported for increasing productivity and quality of bamboo by increasing area under bamboo cultivation, mass production of superior quality planting stock of high yielding species of bamboo, improvement of the existing stock, pest and disease management, improved post harvest management and development and up‐gradation of marketing facilities. The Mission made comprehensive performance during the Plan period which can be seen in the table given below: Table: Statement showing State‐wise Major Component‐wise Total Physical Achievement during 2006‐07 to 2011‐12 under NBM (till 31‐3‐2012) S. States Nursery (in nos.) Trained Field No. Centralised Kisan Mahila Total Farmers Functionaries 1 Andhra Pradesh 10 0 0 10 87 19 2 Bihar 1 0 0 1 423 60 3 Chhattisgarh 38 28 29 95 1421 180 4 Goa 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Gujarat 5 3 0 8 111 141 6 Himachal Pradesh 6 2 3 11 146 108 7 J & K 8 22 6 36 347 94 8 Jharkhand 20 0 0 20 228 70 9 Karnataka 10 3 1 14 194 82 10 Kerala 2 1 1 4 320 100 11 Madhya Pradesh 5 1 1 7 850 100 12 Maharashtra 12 10 10 32 915 307 13 Odisha 78 31 30 139 1200 200 14 Punjab 22 0 0 22 0 0 15 Rajasthan 39 9 18 66 2051 92 Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 35 S. No. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 States Tamil Nadu Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal SUB‐TOTAL NE STATES Arunachal Pradesh Assam Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Sikkim Tripura SUB‐TOTAL (N.E.) GRAND TOTAL Nursery (in nos.) Centralised Kisan Mahila 11 1 1 10 9 8 18 0 0 11 10 8 306 130 116 41 40 17 22 0 0 30 33 33 17 8 9 34 54 48 34 26 26 27 19 35 55 46 73 260 226 241 566 356 357 Trained Field Total Farmers Functionaries 13 3700 380 27 557 130 18 1010 310 29 115 0 552 13675 2373 98 2577 708 22 3805 750 96 1980 323 34 857 319 136 1943 275 86 3848 330 81 1259 127 174 6924 506 727 23193 3338 1279 36868 5711 (Source: National Bamboo Mission, New Delhi) Table: Statement showing State‐wise Major Component‐wise Total Physical Achievement during 2006‐07 to 2011‐12 under NBM (till 31‐3‐2012) S. States Plantation Improve‐ Tissue Bamboo Retail Wholesale No. (in ha.) ment of Culture Bazaar outlet & Retail Labs (nos.) (nos.) Market existing Forest Non‐
(nos.) forest stock (in (nos.) ha) 1 Andhra Pradesh 1041 62 2185 750 1148 2 Bihar 3 Chhattisgarh 6749 4753 3044 0 0 0 4 Goa 4411 796 1180 5 Gujarat Himachal 2116 923 485 6 Pradesh 7 J & K 185 85 50 3832 12 3009 8 Jharkhand 7521 138 1700 1 9 Karnataka 1244 0 0 1 10 Kerala 11 Madhya Pradesh 2180 33 2200 12 Maharashtra 2660 2523 800 2 13 Odisha 5895 2315 3000 1 14 Punjab 1800 530 500 15 Rajasthan 3041 1840 0 16 Tamil Nadu 0 2369 160 Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 36 S. No. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 States Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal SUB‐TOTAL NE STATES Arunachal Pradesh Assam Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Sikkim Tripura SUB‐TOTAL (N.E.) GRAND TOTAL Plantation Improve‐ Tissue Bamboo Retail (in ha.) ment of Culture Bazaar outlet existing Labs (nos.) (nos.) Forest Non‐
stock (in (nos.) forest ha.) 2902 1478 800 4240 600 520 1 130 260 107 52132 19467 18703 0 1 2 5743 9193 0 9751 8410 4757 22606 24224 3459 3430 82380 Wholesale & Retail Market (nos.) 3 0 5798 817 9700 4524 7064 3560 40656 6739 2400 553 6476 11329 2114 3611 33222 2 2 2 2 4 1 1 2 4 1 3 2 6 134512 60123 51925 2 5 6 9 (Source: National Bamboo Mission, New Delhi) As evident in the above tables, NBM has made an all‐round progress towards achieving its objectives. A network of nurseries, including centralised nursery and Mahila/Kisan nursery, was established across the country to ensure that adequate quantity of elite cultivars of bamboo are available to the farmers. This helped in expansion of area which was more than envisaged. During the Plan duration, bamboo plantation was undertaken in an area of 194635 ha against the envisaged target of 176000 ha which is an increase of around 10%. Similarly, an impressive progress was made towards improving the existing stock of bamboo in the country, capacity building of farmers & field functionaries, bamboo bazaar, retail outlets and wholesale retail market, etc. The component wise progress made during the Plan period under the NBM is given below: 4.1 Planting Material Development 4.1.1 Centralised Nurseries Disease free planting material of elite cultivars is a key to the development of bamboo sector in the country. Establishment of Centralised Nursery with the capacity of producing disease free 50000 saplings per unit a year was envisaged in NBM to meet the demands of planting material. It was envisaged to establish around 345 Centralised nurseries across the country during XI Plan. The issue has been adequately addressed under NBM as around 566 Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 37 centralised nurseries were established in the country for producing disease free planting material of elite cultivars which 64% more than the planned target. Of this, 54% of the nurseries have been established in the States other than North Eastern region and around 46% in North East region. These nurseries have overall capacity to produce 28.3 million saplings annually. Figure: State‐wise Establishment of Nurseries in the Country Centralised nurseries remained the main source of planting materials for almost all the BDAs and thus establishment of Centralised Nursery was the main focus. Around 78 (in number) has been established in the State of Odisha followed by 55 in Tripura, 41 in Arunachal Pradesh, 39 in Rajasthan and 38 in Chhattisgarh, 34 each in Mizoram & Nagaland and 30 in Manipur. 4.1.2 Mahila and Kisan Nursery Community participation has been envisaged as an important component in the scheme. The concept of involving women (Mahila) and farmers (Kisan) in raising nurseries is a step forward to enhance community participation in the implementation of NBM scheme. The main objective of such nurseries is to produce 5000 and 10000 saplings respectively per unit per year. In addition, the concept also contributes to increase in income level of Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 38 nursery growers. It was planned to establish 160 such nurseries (80 Kisan nurseries & 80 Mahila nurseries) during the XI Plan. The Mission succeeded in establishing around 713 such nurseries (356 Kisan and 357 Mahila nurseries) throughout the country which was more than 4 times the envisaged targets. In Tripura, 119 such nurseries have been established (46 Kisan & 73 Mahila nurseries respectively), followed by 102 nurseries in Mizoram and 61 nurseries in Odisha. However, the concept of Mahila and Kisan nurseries (decentralised) could not be initiated in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand and Assam. Figure: Establishment of Community Nurseries in Major States 4.1.3 Tissue Culture (TC) Tissue culture is a technique which could help the regeneration of large numbers of plants in a relatively short time. It was envisaged to establish 3 TC laboratories, however, under the Mission not many States showed interests. One of the major impediments as reported by State Governments was insufficient financial assistance under the Mission. The only TC laboratory established is in Assam. 4.2 Plantation Coverage Under the programme, plantation of bamboo was taken in more than 134512 ha in forest area against the envisaged target of 88000 ha which was 52% more than the planned target. North Eastern States were the leaders as far as coverage of bamboo plantation was concerned. In Mizoram, 32306 ha of land were covered under bamboo plantation. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 39 Nagaland is the placed next to Mizoram in terms of plantation. In Nagaland, plantations were undertaken in around 28748 ha. Arunachal Pradesh is the third largest in terms of bamboo plantation where plantations have been taken in 14936 ha area. The other major States where large scale plantations were undertaken are Manipur, Chhattisgarh, Sikkim, Assam, Odisha, Karnataka and Tripura. Figure: Area Expansion in Major Bamboo growing States 4.2.1. Forest Area Plantation Bamboo plantation was undertaken in an area of 134512 ha since inception of the programme against the envisaged target of 88000 ha which was about 53% more than the planned target. Nagaland leads the table as far as bamboo plantation in forest area is concerned. The State undertook plantation of bamboo in land area of around 24224 ha. Mizoram has done magnificent work by undertaking plantations in 22606 ha. Assam comes third in terms of plantation with an area 9751 ha followed by 8410 ha in Manipur and 7521 ha in Karnataka. Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and Gujarat are other States where plantations were taken on large scale. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 40 Figure: Area Expansion of Bamboo under Forest Area in Major States 4.2.2. Non‐Forest Area Plantation Bamboo plantation was also undertaken in non‐forest area. During the Plan period, bamboo plantation was undertaken in an area of 60123 ha across the country. Figure: Area Expansion of Bamboo under Non‐Forest Area in Major States In Mizoram, area covered under bamboo cultivation in the non‐forest area was the highest amongst all the States. The State has undertaken plantation in an area of 9700 ha followed Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 41 by Arunachal Pradesh where plantations of bamboo were undertaken in an area of 9193 ha. Sikkim, Manipur, Nagaland and Tripura are other States where bamboo plantation has been undertaken extensively. 4.3 Improvement of Existing Stock Crafts‐persons and artisans of this country are dependent for their livelihood on handicraft items for which a specific number of bamboo species are being used since times immemorial. In order to improve the quality of such products, there is a need to improve upon the existing stock and variety of bamboo that is being used by these crafts‐people and artisans in order to derive maximum benefits and returns. Improvement of existing stock was meant to be done to ensure quality bamboo supply to existing users, primarily crafts‐
persons and artisans. Funds allocated under this component are being primarily used in soil working and fencing the vulnerable clumps. It was planned to bring around 36000 ha area under improved bamboo stock. The programmes of improvement of existing stock were undertaken in all the States. Under the programme, an area of 51925 ha was covered throughout the country for improving the existing stock of bamboo. This was 44% more than the envisaged target. Nagaland has actively taken up the activities of improving the existing stock under which 11329 ha existing stocks were taken up. This was followed by 6739 ha in Assam and 6476 ha in Mizoram. The other major States where the activity of improvement of existing stock was undertaken are Tripura, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Odisha. Figure: Improvement in Existing Stocks of Bamboo in Major Bamboo States Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 42 4.4 Technology Dissemination Transfer of technology through training, frontline demonstration, publicity and training of the trainers and farmers are an integral part of the Mission. Appropriate training is required to be imparted to the farmers for the adoption of scientific measures (pre and post harvest management) for high‐yielding plantations of bamboo and harvesting of shoots. Under this programme, training of farmers and field level workers were taken extensively throughout the country. Focus was given on training the farmers and field functionaries by imparting technical know‐how for adoption of scientific measures, pre and post harvest management of high‐
yielding plantations of bamboo. Figure: Capacity Building of Farmers and Field Functionaries in Major States Under the programme, around 36868 farmers and 5711 field functionaries were trained on scientific and improved production technologies. Tripura took the lead in training the farmers and during the project duration, it trained around 6924 farmers and 506 field functionaries. Next to Tripura is Assam where 3805 farmers and 750 field functionaries. In Nagaland, 3848 farmers and 330 field functionaries were trained. Tamil Nadu, Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur were other States where large scale farmers and field functionaries were trained. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 43 4.5 Bamboo Bazaar There was no organised retail system in bamboo handicrafts and products selling owing to which NBM envisaged to set up retail /wholesale markets so that the primary producers (farmers) can sell their produce without any hassle. These bazaars, apart from trading activities, also keep track of the market information such as demand supply of bamboo products, costs, user industries, etc. related to various bamboo products which is passed on to the farmers and craftsmen which helps them to plan their activities well ahead. Under the Programme, 5 Bamboo Bazaars were created throughout the country of which 4 were in North Eastern Region and 1 in Southern India. 2 such bazaars were established in Assam and Mizoram respectively and 1 in Karnataka. 4.5.1. Retail Outlet To popularise various bamboo handicrafts products including processed shoots, retail outlets were created. The major objective was to create awareness amongst masses about diversified bamboo products. Under the programme, 6 outlets were established in the country. Two outlets were created in Nagaland followed by one each in Mizoram, Assam, Kerala and Uttarakhand. 4.5.2. Wholesale Markets Wholesale markets were envisaged under the programme with an objective to keep track of the market information related to various bamboo products and its dissemination to the farmers and the primary processors which in turn helps them to plan their activities well in advance. Under the programme, 9 such markets were established across the country. 3 wholesale markets were established in Nagaland, followed by 2 each in Sikkim & Maharashtra and 1 each in Odisha & Assam. B. Project Status The Mid‐Term Third Party Evaluation Study of NBM was carried out with nine states and two districts in each of them as the study area. Following are the states and the districts that comprised the study area. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Arunachal Pradesh ‐ East Siang, West Siang Assam ‐ Cachar, Nagaon Chhattisgarh – Korba, Sarguja Jharkhand – Chatra, Hazaribagh Maharashtra ‐ Chandrapur, Yavatmal Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 44 6. Mizoram – Mamit, Aizwal 7. Nagaland – Dimapur, Makokchung 8. Odisha – Bolangir, Mayurbhanj 9. Uttarakhand ‐ Pauri, Udham Singh Nagar The detailed findings of the study team from the studied projects along with the critical analysis are as below. 4.6 Planting Material Development 4.6.1. Centralised Nurseries The centralised nurseries are meant for producing sufficient quantity of planting material. A total number of 311 centralised nurseries – both public and private ‐ have been established in the districts covered under mid‐term evaluation study. Above 90% of the established nurseries are centralised of which 78% have been raised by public sector agencies. Figure: Bamboo Centralised Nursery (Pasighat) Establishment of centralised nursery with the capacity of producing 50000 saplings per unit per year was envisaged in NBM to meet the demands of planting material. 44% of the total centralised nurseries were established in the year 2006‐07 and 43% were established in the next financial year. Due to no funds released (refer 3.4.2.1 and 3.4.2.2, chapter 3) during the last two financial years for establishing nursery, no nursery has been set up in the last two years in any of the states. Maximum number of centralised nurseries has been set up in Odisha till now; out of which 72% were set up in 2007‐08. It is to be noted that in the subsequent years, output of nurseries established in previous years has been utilised. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 45 Table: Centralised Nursery (Number) State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 Public Private Total Public Private Total Public Private Total
Arunachal Pradesh Assam Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Maharashtra Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Uttarakhand Total 16 16 16 0
0
20 16 10 14 108 5 16 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 31 21 32
16
0
0
20
16
20
14
139
15 4
20
6
4
10
5
50
1
115
2 0
0
0
0
2
8
5
1
18
17 4
20
6
4
12
13
55
2
133
0 2 2 8 8 2 0 0 1 23 0 0 0 6 8 0 0 1 1 16 0 2
2
14
16
2
0
1
2
39
Sum 38 38
38
20
20
34
29
76
18
311
(Source: State Project Implementing Agency) Centralised nurseries remained the main source of planting materials for almost all the BDAs and thus, raising centralised nursery was the main focus. The reasons behind this were quality control, easy access, ownership, availability of infrastructure, etc. However, the centralised nurseries established in public and private sectors in most of the states could not meet the demand and the saplings were sourced from private nurseries. Cost norm is a concern in this component too, almost in all the states. In Odisha, since preferred species of Bambusa vulgaris and Bambusa nutans are done through layering method, the physical target of 50000 saplings for central nursery in public sector is too high with reference to the existing cost norm. BDA suggests that it should be brought down to maximum 22750 saplings. 4.6.2. Mahila and Kisan Nursery Community participation has been envisaged as an important component in the scheme. The concept of involving women (Mahila) and farmers (Kisan) in raising nurseries is a step forward to enhance community participation in implementation of NBM scheme. In addition, the concept also contributes to increase in income level of nursery growers. As an initiative taken in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland and Odisha, equal number of Mahila and Kisan nurseries were set up in the year 2006‐07 whereas the percentage of Mahila nursery established in the year 2007‐08 was half that of Kisan nurseries. An opposite trend is seen the following year when Kisan nurseries established were half of Mahila nurseries. It has to be noted that in Odisha, the nurseries set up in 2006‐07 served for the subsequent years also. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 46 The overall achievement with regard to Mahila and Kisan nurseries seems to be quite low. Funds for this component (3.4.2.3, 3.4.2.4 and 3.4.2.5, chapter 3) were low during the initial years and for the last two years; funds have not been given to states, with exception of Odisha. The concept of Mahila and Kisan nurseries (decentralised) to be established to produce 5000 and 10000 saplings respectively per unit per year could not be initiated in Assam, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Maharashtra and Uttarakhand. Raising nurseries through women and farmers requires a clear understanding of concept and strategic approach to deal with beneficiaries in terms of motivation and communication, capacity building, intensive follow up, technical guidance, quality control and ensuring timely sale of the saplings. In addition, the nurseries on private land could not take off due to inadequate financial assistance. 25% of the cost with subject to ` 6500/‐ is quite low, seen in the background of increasing labour costs and other inputs costs. Another reason for bleak development is lack of information among the beneficiaries. 4.6.3. Tissue Culture The concept of tissue culture was planned to supply the quality planting material in large quantities. No TC lab has been established in any of the states and no allotment was made for this purpose to the BDAs. Moreover, the cost norms under the Mission (` 21 lakh/TC for PSUs and ` 10.5 lakh for private sector) are such that it is not possible to set up a TC lab. According to Aryave Biotech Pvt. Ltd. ‐ a private agency involved in tissue culture in Uttarakhand, marketing is also a critical factor to run a TC lab on profit. Twice funds for establishment of TC lab were released to Assam, amount being ` 21 lakh each for years 2006‐07 and 2008‐09. One TC lab has been established in Jalukbari in the district of Kamrup. The new building structure and the equipments are in place. However, the green house facilities have not been created. SBSC has taken a decision to run the lab on Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode but no entrepreneur has come forward. The conventional methods of producing planting material are only being followed. High tech method of tissue culturing has not been yet possible. Nagaland (NBDA) has taken initiative in planting tissue cultured saplings but not setting up of TC lab. 4.6.4. Timely Supply of Saplings It was found that saplings are distributed to the beneficiaries well on time in all the states. In response to the query about the timely availability of saplings, almost all the beneficiaries gave a positive reply. In certain cases as in East Siang of Arunachal Pradesh, there has been delay of three to four months due to non‐timely procurement of saplings by the Forest Department. During field Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 47 visits, it was also found that beneficiaries were satisfied with delivery time of planting material. Figure: Bamboo Saplings Planted in East Siang (Arunachal Pradesh) 4.6.5. Future Demand of Quality Planting Material As mentioned in the following table, there seems be a constant increase in the estimated future demand for bamboo saplings in Chhattisgarh, Mizoram and Odisha. The estimated demand remains constant for Uttarakhand and Nagaland. Table: Future Demand of Planting Material (no. of saplings) States Assam Chhattisgarh Maharashtra Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Uttarakhand 2011‐12
1500000
1200000
3500000
3750000
3740000
877000
1030000
Future demand
2012‐13
1800000
1400000
400000
4375000
3740000
1043000
1030000
2013‐14 2200000 1600000 500000 5000000 3740000 1186000 1030000 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) In each of the studied districts, nearly 10% of the total beneficiaries/farmers were interacted with. It was found that the farmers compare bamboo plantation with other agricultural/horticultural crops and have less willingness due to a long gestation period in case of bamboo. Complete awareness is not yet available about bamboo cultivation and its Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 48 further usage in many areas, especially in non‐bamboo growing states including Uttarakhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra. Horticultural crops like pineapple and oranges perform well and farmers in North East are going for their cultivation. There is also a fair demand of these crops in the region. With no paper mill or organised market for bamboo poles, farmers do not look willing to take it up as a cash crop. Transportation to long distances is also a big issue mainly due to the poor road infrastructure in North East states. In Uttarakhand, large farmers are trying bamboo by planting it around their fields. The soil binding property of bamboo has also attracted them and they took planting bamboo as one of the measures to check soil erosion. Once the harvest from the first bamboo crop is sold and utilised, then perhaps there will be interest grown as perceived by the large farmers in Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh. 4.7 Plantation Coverage Bamboo plantation activity was planned to be taken up on forest and non‐forest lands covering a target of 88000 hectare each across 27 states taken up under NBM. Following is a detailed analysis of bamboo plantation activities in 18 districts of 9 states as covered under the mid‐term evaluation study. Figure: Bamboo Rhizome Planted (2 yrs. old) Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 49 4.7.1. Forest Land Plantation BDAs in all the states except Nagaland are the forest departments and therefore, bamboo plantation has primarily been focused upon forestlands through JFMCs. As per the details given in the following table, nearly 16% of the total plantation was covered during 2006‐07 of which 79% was covered in the states of Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram. The plantation activities during the first year could take up low or no momentum in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Nagaland and Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand. The plantation activity geared up during 2007‐08 covering around 37% of the total plantation coverage in the study districts. The second year of plantation witnessed significant increase in plantation coverage in Sarguja, Chatra, Hazaribagh, Mamit, Aizwal, Dimapur, Mocokchung and Pauri districts whereas the same got reduced in the remaining districts. The trend in plantation coverage shows further reduction to 22% and 24% respectively during the years 2008‐09 and 2009‐10. The activity almost stopped during 2010‐11 covering only 80 ha of forestland in Odisha. Table: Plantation Coverage Forestland (ha) States 2006‐07 2007‐08
2008‐09
2009‐10
2010‐11 Total
Arunachal Pradesh East Siang 300 75
30
0
0 405
West Siang 200 50
30
0
0 280
Assam Cachar 57 60
98
50
0 265
Nagaon 0 495
100
0
0 495
Chhattisgarh Korba 0 200
200
0
0 400
Sarguja 0 850
0
750
0 1600
Jharkhand Chatra 0 200
200
200
0 600
Hazaribagh 0 100
82
182
0 364
Maharashtra Chandrapur 50
50
‐
0 100
Yavatmal 50
50
10
0 110
Mizoram Mamit 350 700
250
360
0 1660
Aizwal 550 850
350
450
0 2200
Nagaland* Dimapur 0 350
600
210
0 1160
Mokokchung 0 1000
1191
650
0 2841
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 50 States 2006‐07 Odisha Bolangir 140 Mayurbhanj 0 Uttarakhand Pauri 150 U S Nagar 0 Total 1747 2007‐08
2008‐09
2009‐10
2010‐11 Total
60
85
0
0
60
70
60 20 320
175
340
0
0
100
0
0 0 590
0
5415 3131 3082 80 13365 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) *Nagaland–Community owned land is included under Forest Land. Hence, no plantation in Non‐
forest Land As indicated in the graph above, maximum plantation has taken place in Mokokchung covering almost one‐fourth of the total plantation area. Of all the nine states, maximum amount of fund released for plantation in forest area is for Nagaland (refer 3.4.2.6, chapter 3). Mokokchung is followed by Aizwal, Mamit, Dimapur and Pauri districts covering 20%, 15%, 11% and 5% respectively. The plantation in Mayurbhanj district of Odisha is less than 2% whereas the same could not be taken up in Udham Singh Nagar district in Uttarakhand due to non‐availability of forest land. An area covered under bamboo plantation in the studied 18 districts in 9 states represents nearly 15% contribution to the total target of 88000 ha during X and XI plans. The low plantation coverage is correlated to many aspects including the initiatives taken by the implementing agencies, approach and strategies, regular and timely fund flow, availability of forestlands, demand and supply of bamboo in the area, interest of JFMCs, cost norms Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 51 laid down under NBM, enabling environment at the state/district level in favour of bamboo plantation, etc. The districts in Nagaland and Mizoram have got multiple advantages amongst the ones mentioned above to achieve the higher targets as compared to the others. Udham Singh Nagar has limited area available for forestland plantation. Figure: Plantation in Forest land in Uttarakhand The other factors responsible for low achievement of planned targets in plantation coverage include unavailability of adequate funds and irregular and untimely fund flow to the implementing agencies. As seen in table 3.4.2.6 (chapter 3), the lowest amount for plantation released is for Maharashtra and thus, very low plantation coverage. Late supply of saplings is one of the factors for low achievement. In certain other cases, sapling quality was too low to be accepted by the farmer. For instance, a complete lot of saplings procured by the Pasighat Forest Division was wasted because the beneficiaries did not accept it, the reason being poor survival rate. Hence, no plantation could take place. Due to lack of mechanism to check the quality of planting material, such instances of wastage are common. Jungle clearance before plantation is an uphill task as also management of plantation areas. These two constraints are shared by the functionaries in Nagaland. An important aspect in case of Arunachal Pradesh is non‐provision of fencing material. Plantations are prone to mithun (a revered bovine) and cow. They destroy the saplings and rhizomes planted. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 52 In Odisha, major factors that contained area expansion in forest lands include lack of separate provisions for fencing and watering, inadequate cost norm to provide proper fencing and watering and micro‐irrigation component provided in the programme is not permissible for this plantation. Since plantation activities involve preliminary operations (PO) like site preparation and nursery raising one year in advance, the non‐provision of funds for PO one year in advance hampers the timely execution of various time bound planting operations. FDAs in many of the states are of the opinion that the cost norm of ` 25000 per ha on forestlands is inadequate to carryout plantation activities. In fact, the cost norm was probably estimated on the prevailing wage rates before 2006 when the wage rates were less than ` 60/day which are almost doubled currently under NREGS, that is ` 120/day. The quality of bamboo plantation was found good especially in North Eastern states as compared to the non‐bamboo growing states including Uttarakhand. In fact, 20% of the plantation (2006‐07) in Nagaon district has reached a maturity level. However, in other states, it is likely to take 2‐3 years more to reach the maturity stage. Figure: Bamboo Plantation in Pasighat East Siang (Arunachal Pradesh) The forest departments in almost all states except Nagaland where BDA is a non‐forest department, has involved JFMCs in the programme. Initially, JFMC members involved in the programme felt as an employment opportunity but they have more clarity at this stage about their role, responsibility, plantation protection & management, future planning, benefit sharing, etc. The JFMC members in Pauri district in Uttarakhand have planned Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 53 strategies to protect the plantation from wild life whereas JFMC in Nagaon district in Assam has started thinking on various marketing channels to earn more profit. The interest of JFMCs in many of the states will further increase once they harvest the fruits from the first plantation. 4.7.2. Non‐Forest Land Plantation Out of the total area covered under non‐forest land, 18% was planted in 2006‐07 with majority of it being in Aizwal district of Mizoram. In subsequent years, this remained almost constant for the next three years in the range of 26% to 28%. Aizwal and Mamit are the two districts in which maximum plantations have taken place and they account for 56% of the total plantation. Plantation in Non‐Forest Land in ha (2006‐11) 2006‐07 Arunachal Pradesh East Siang 0 West Siang 0 Assam Cachar 0 Nagaon 0 Chhattisgarh Korba 0 Sarguja 0 Jharkhand Chatra 0 Hazaribagh 0 Maharashtra Chandrapur 0 Yavatmal 0 Mizoram Mamit 51 Aizwal 300 Nagaland Dimapur 0 Mokukchung 0 Odisha Bolangir 20 Mayurbhanj 209 Uttarakhand Pauri 0 U S Nagar 0 Total 580 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11 Total 100 130 265 265 0 0 0 0 365 395 18 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 182 0 96 0 0 0 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 20 19 20 9 10 0 0 50 50 186 189 80 70 350 375 0 0 667 934 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 57 15 0 0 0 0 0 72 266 0 30 789 0 0 924 0 65 905 0 0 0 0 95 3198 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency) Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 54 An instance of how states are promoting plantation in non‐forest areas may be seen in Sarguja (Chhattisgarh). Out of 1530 beneficiaries in the district, 560 were given 130 saplings each in the year 2008‐09. In the subsequent year, 750 beneficiaries were given 45 saplings each, 100 beneficiaries were given 20 saplings each and another 120 beneficiaries were given 25 saplings each. Assistance at the rate of ` 10 (cash) per sapling (after deducting cost of sapling) was also given. In Pauri, no plantation took place on non‐forest land as there are no Village Forest Committees. In Nagaland, only forest land (which is owned by community) has been brought under purview of NBM. NBDA ‐ the state’s nodal agency for NBM, only takes up plantations in such community owned lands. An area covered under bamboo plantation on non‐forest land in the studied 18 districts in 9 states represents less than 4% contribution to the total target of 88000 ha during X and XI plans. With a view to bring out bamboo from the confines of forest lands and promote its cultivation as an economic activity, assistance of ` 8000 per hectare is provided to a grower for plantation in non‐forest area. Though there are not very specific records available, through interactions and field visits it has been found that awareness about bamboo cultivation has grown in the two districts of Uttarakhand. The farmers in Uttarakhand have planted bamboo seeing it not as a high return yielding crop but have planted it on an experimental basis and also seeing its ecological benefits as prevention of soil erosion. Many do not prefer to plant it on their fertile lands. There still is scepticism about its adoption in non‐bamboo growing states due to low or no existence of backward and forward linkages, post‐harvest and marketing infrastructure. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 55 Moreover, low financial assistance has not been able to encourage individual farmers to take this up. Bleak interest of agencies responsible for plantation in non‐forest areas, as departments of Horticulture and Agriculture, has also contributed to low adoption in non forest areas. 4.7.3. Major Species Planted NBM recommends thirteen (13) species to be adopted for plantation. It is seen that bamboo growing states in the North‐East are favourable for growth of variety of bamboo whereas Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh provide favourable growth conditions to only one species, i.e. D.strictus, B. tulda, B. pallida, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii are more common species in Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and Mizoram. Table: Major Species Planted States Forestland Species 1 Species 2 Arunachal Pradesh Assam B. tulda Non‐forestland Species 3 Species 1
Species 2 Species 3 B. pallida,
Dendrocalamus B. tulda
Dendrocalamus hamiltonii hamiltonii B. pallid Mellocana Dendrocalamus B. pallida Mellocana baccifera hamiltonii baccifera (muli)
(muli) Chhattisgarh D. D. strictus strictus Jharkhand D. D. strictus strictus Mizoram B. tulda B. D. hamiltonii
B. tulda
B. bamboos D. bamboos hamiltonii Maharashtra D. D. strictus strictus Nagaland B. tulda D. B. tulda
hamiltonii Odisha Bambusa Bambusa D. strictus
Bambusa D. strictus vulgaris nutans vulgaris Uttarakhand D. ‐ strictus There is an obvious interest in fast growing species of bamboo and also in the ones that can be propagated through rhizomes. It has been found that rhizome plantation is a more preferred method than sapling. Also, rhizome grows fast and yields better culms. It even needs less care than saplings. It is to be noted that new species introduced (distributed to Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 56 beneficiaries) could not perform better than the indigenous ones. There was no special treatment given to the newly introduced species without which they could grow in natural conditions. 4.7.4. Sources of Planting Material Major source of saplings to the beneficiaries are the forest nurseries. Private nurseries too are meeting the demands of the forest departments since forest nurseries could not be developed to meet the growing demand. Tissue cultured saplings were planted in Nagaland in the year 2010 in various pockets. These saplings were sourced from a private lab in Assam. BDA in Uttarakhand also purchased saplings on two occasions from Aryave Biotech Pvt. Ltd., a tissue culture lab. Survival rate of TC saplings has been found to be much better and also these saplings have shown faster growth rates. Table: Sources of Planting Material States
Arunachal Pradesh Assam Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Mizoram Maharashtra Nagaland Odisha Uttarakhand Forest Department’s Nursery Y (yes)
Private Nursery Y
Tissue Cultured Saplings N (no) Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N N N N N Y N Y Procurement of sapling from outside agency is common but the quality of material remains a big issue. Since there are no clear guidelines on certification of material, the mechanism is far from development. It is found that funds released for quality certification of planting material are almost nil during the five year’s period. Ambiguity persists about the species planted not only among the beneficiaries but also among the forest department. Private nurseries under NBM ‐ centralised and decentralised nurseries (mahila & kisan) ‐ are yet to be operational to be the source of saplings. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 57 Figure: Bamboo Nursery 4.7.5. Use of Micro‐Irrigation There is a provision of micro‐irrigation under the Mission. Assistance of an amount of `
20,000 towards installation of irrigation systems per hectare is provided, subject to a ceiling of 4 ha., depending on actual and emerging needs of the areas identified for plantation. The concept of micro‐irrigation was not implemented in any of the states. It is seen that even funds for micro‐irrigation have not been allocated in most of the states in most of the years. During interactions, it was also found that micro‐irrigation was not a need for most of the states. The fund allocation under this norm may be readjusted to increase the assistance under quality saplings procurement and fencing needs. 4.7.6. Management of Pest and Diseases An amount of ` 200 per hectare is provided as one time grant from the NBM for the purpose of treatment for pest and disease. Pest and disease attack is very uncommon in the districts of the states studied. This grant may be readjusted under the cost norms. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 58 4.7.7. Survival Rate Bamboo is a hardy plant and most of its species survive if the initial protection from physical damage is provided. It hardly gets affected by any disease. Favourable soil and optimum irrigation after transplantation are two other factors that govern its growth. North East is a natural habitat of bamboo and survival rate of saplings is 75% in the Mizoram. But in two districts of Arunachal Pradesh, survival rate has been 50% on an average. It is the highest in Mayurbhanj and bamboo grew very well in Bolangir also with a survival rate of 80%. Table: Survival Rate (%age) States Arunachal Pradesh
East Siang
West Siang
Assam Cachar Nagaon Chhattisgarh
Korba Sarguja Jharkhand
Chatra Hazaribagh
Maharashtra
Chandrapur
Yavatmal
Mizoram
Mamit Aizwal Nagaland
Dimapur
Mokokchung
Odisha Bolangir
Mayurbhanj
Uttarakhand
Pauri U S Nagar
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Survival rate
60
40
60
70
60
72
45
90
55
50
75
75
70
75
80
90
60
60
Page 59 The reasons for low rate of survival in various states may be summarised as below – a) Arunachal Pradesh  Small saplings were grazed by goats and cows. Rhizomes planted were destroyed by animal mithun (Bos frontalis). Since no provision of fencing is available, saplings could not be protected.  No care was taken after plantation and even clearing of weeds around the sapling was not done. This was seen in case of plantations done in West Siang. b) Chhattisgarh  Drought / poor rainfall c) Jharkhand  Drought / poor rainfall d) Maharashtra  Wild boar attack e) Uttarakhand  Porcupine eating up the roots  Wild boar attack  Grazing  No care taken – weeding not done As seen, most of the factors for low survival rate come under external or physical damage to the saplings. This can be overcome through preventive measures. Provision of fencing to avoid damages by animals is one important aspect. Funds allocated to various states under maintenance of plantation in forest and non‐forest lands are given in table 3.4.2.8 and 3.4.2.9 in chapter 3. Cost norms under NBM do not specify provisions for protection of plantation. Fencing is very much essential in Arunachal Pradesh, Maharashtra and Uttarakhand where saplings are highly prone to damage by wild animals. Readjustments in cost norms under various heads may be done to provide assistance for fencing. Since there is not much scope for micro‐irrigation system for bamboo, the cost under this may be allocated to more needed items. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 60 4.8 Improvement of Existing Stock Improvement of existing stock was meant to be done to ensure quality bamboo supply to existing users, primarily crafts‐persons and artisans. Funds allocated under this component (3.4.2.10, chapter 3) are being primarily used in soil working and fencing the vulnerable clumps. A review of the table indicates that Assam and Nagaland have actively taken up the activities of improving the existing stock. The two states get regular demand of bamboo and it is essential for them to maintain the supply by protecting their current stock. Initiatives in Odisha on this aspect are as follows – a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Soil working to loosen the hard soil to facilitate new shoots Earth mounding to cover exposed rhizomes and protect new shoots Cleaning of clump to help growth of new culms Half‐moon trench for moisture conservation Stone/brushwood fencing to check run off and stabilise mounded soil In Uttarakhand, rejuvenation of exiting stock consisted of removal of entangled culm from existing clumps and soiling of the clump. In Mizoram, enrichment plantations have been taken up. In Assam, under improvement of existing stock, major activity taken up is restocking. Restocking mainly comprises of the following operations – a) In‐felling – This is to optimise the number of bamboo clumps per hectare. Excess of bamboo clumps are reduced and spacing too is optimised. b) Soil working – Due to rains, soil around the clumps is washed away. Soil is worked upon to cover the roots collar areas. This is taken up during winter season. c) Protection from biotic interference – Barbed wire fencing in sensitive areas is provided. d) Thinning of clumps – Culms are reduced to ensure better growth of each culm. This is done is two patterns – criss‐cross and horse shoe. In almost all the states, BDAs and field functionaries have for now focused on prime objectives of NBM, that is, area expansion under bamboo plantation. All the energies have been on making beneficiaries adopt this programme and bringing maximum area under the coverage. Thus, not many efforts have been put into maintenance of old stock. The other reason behind this is less number of individuals engaged in handicraft making and non‐
existence of ready demand for bamboo products. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 61 4.9 Post Harvesting An important component under NBM is promotion of handicrafts, their marketing and export. NBM appeals SBSCs to develop post harvest infrastructure in various districts along with introducing grading system of round and primary processed bamboo and preservative methods (both conventional and chemical) according to use. Achievements across the states are follows – a) Assam ‐ In Cachar, vacuum pressure plant established under FDA during 2010‐11. b) Mizoram ‐ Storage and treatment facility. c) Nagaland ‐ Introduction of vacuum pressure impregnation treatment and concrete dipped treatment. Figure: Bamboo Harvest in Dimapur (Nagaland) NBDA houses various post‐harvest treatment and production facilities that have been developed utilising funds under NBM as well as other programmes. Various innovative products like bamboo toys, pens, kitchen items, napkins (from bamboo pulp) have been developed by the technical team working under NBDA. NBDA has also supported entrepreneurs to establish manufacturing units within its premises. It provides funding for machines and does not charge for space and bear other costs as well for one year. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 62 NBDA, in the coming years, plans to establish chipping machine in a centralised village which can produce raw material. The news that the Paper Mill in Tuli (district Mokukchung) is going to start operation after 20 years of closure has incited interest in farmers to go for bamboo chip production. d) Uttarakhand ‐ Common Facility Centre (CFC), Kotdwara (district Pauri), has treatment facility for 20” long pole. CFC has the support of Development Commissioner (Handicrafts) and World Food Programme and NBM. CFC has an impregnation chamber, wood cutting machines and all other infrastructure that is needed for producing bamboo furniture. Wastage from bamboo is utilised for making charcoal. CFC takes up turnkey projects (as establishing bamboo houses for Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam for tourists) and has an annual turnover of ` 1crore. Uttarakhand plans to establish one more CFC in Rishikesh. CFC has master trainers and till now it has given training to 400 individuals. It has generated regular as well as seasonal employment for the residents of nearby villages. e) Chhattisgarh – Bamboo processing centres have been established in Ninbirra (Korba) and Amgaon (East Sarguja). Out of the estimated ` 45 lakh to start a centre, ` 15 lakh is provided by NBM and ` 30 lakh by district collector’s fund which is yet to be fully operational. Infrastructure for post harvest management is an essentiality if bamboo cultivation as an industry has to develop. Nagaland and Uttarakhand have done good jobs, which can be replicated by other states. In these two states, dedicated agencies with the mandate as bamboo development – NBDA and UBFB – have been coordinating NBM implementation. Thus, an obvious interest is seen. The situation in other states is not that promising. The funds released under this component too have been very low (table 3.4.2.11, chapter 3). It is necessary that industrial development departments should come forward to initiate development with respect to infrastructure development for bamboo processing. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 63 Nagaland ‐ Harbinger of Bamboo Entrepreneurship Nagaland with an estimated 5% of the national bamboo growing stock offers untapped opportunity for exploiting the available resource. NBDA has initiated a number of activities both in the areas of bamboo resource development and bamboo enterprise development. Establishment of new captive scientifically managed plantations in 18500 hectares area (as on 2009) to augment existing resources, can be seen as an initial step towards developing 'bamboo industry' in the state. NBDA sees market development as the driver for bamboo cultivation and thus, lays great stress on promoting bamboo structural applications for various constructions. Concurring with the declaration of 2010 as the Year of Entrepreneurs by the State, NBDA has conducted sector specific and target oriented training and capacity building programmes. The agency supports enterprising and viable handicraft units with the minimal machine tools requirements by way of direct assistance as technologyup‐
gradation. NBDA has supported establishment of cluster‐based units for manufacturing of bamboo mats, charcoal and incense sticks. Micro primary processing units too are being established that produce input resources as split bamboo for strip, sliver for mats, flat poles and handicrafts. The processed semi‐finished products are supplied to other secondary bamboo processing units. These initiatives ensure promotion of rural enterprise, income and employment generation, supply of cost‐effective and quality raw material for secondary units and effective linkage of farm and industry. 4.10
Initiatives for Handicraft Promotion In order to provide and increase employment opportunities, various mechanisms to support individual artisans and groups have been developed state wise. The details are as follows‐ a) Arunachal Pradesh – Department of Textiles and Handicrafts is the nodal agency which organises trainings and supports artisans through various schemes. The Department organises regular fairs at district level where handicrafts are sold. b) Assam ‐ Training programme was organised at Silchar by Cachar FDA. The results of the training programme are yet to be seen in future. c) Chhattisgarh –Bamboo Craft Training Centres in Amgaon, East Sarguja and Nonbirra Artisan Centre have been set up. Different articles from bamboo are made such as soopa, basket, chatai, mats, flower pots, mobile stand, sofa, tray, etc. Regular trainings are provided in these centres, which have helped the artisans to make new Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 64 articles. Forest Department has fully supported the SHGs in terms of materials as well as financially. d) Mizoram – Exposure visit and exhibitions have been organised. e) Odisha – Artisans are sent for handicraft and design development trainings at CBTC, Guwahati and KONBAC, Goa. Artisans are also encouraged to participate in District, State and National level exhibitions/ trade fairs and thus, a regular promotion of bamboo handicrafts is ensured. FDAs also promote formation of SHGs and Artisans’ Cooperatives with the assistance of revolving fund. CFCs have been established to provide primary processing machineries. An exclusive Bamboo Handicraft Retail Outlet has been opened at Handicraft Bazaar, Bhubaneswar to provide round the year marketing facility. It is to be noted that bamboo handicrafts have been exempted from taxation to provide a feasible environment for marketing. f) Uttarakhand – There is a focus on new design development, so regular workshops are organised with consultant designer. Trainings are provided on handicraft making which are high in demand. FDAs have made initiatives for ensuring backward and forwarded linkages with the cooperatives of artisans. Artisans are trained at CFC, Kotdwara. Bamboo handicrafts have a niche but limited market. Unless the marketing mechanisms are in place, it is tough to derive benefits from this activity. No data is available to show the number of individuals joining the trainings of handicraft making. The marketing angle suffers because of the low funds allocation. There should be regular advertisements in dailies and magazines published on aspects of home decoration and household furniture. Advantages of bamboo products as eco‐friendly products should be propagated at various platforms. A continuous and sustained marketing campaign is essential to increase the sale of bamboo handicrafts and other items of utility. ‘Productising’ bamboo is still a dream in states like Jharkhand and Maharashtra as no activity pertaining to this is seen in these states. BTSG, Dehradun does not have an expert on handicraft and marketing and hence, it has no technical role. Majority of the artisans and individuals upon interaction were of the view that they have not yet utilised full benefit of the provisions made for them under NBM and accordingly, they wished that the programme continues for 10‐15 years as that will help in adequacy of desired stock and with financial support from NBM, they will be able to sustain. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 65 Figure: Toys made of Bamboo (NBDA, Nagaland) 4.11
Bamboo Retail/Wholesale Markets, Bamboo Bazaar, Retail Showrooms There is no organised retail system in bamboo handicrafts and products selling. NBM envisages that retail/wholesale markets will be set up where the primary producers (farmers) will sell their produce. These markets can be set up and maintained by the community themselves or in partnership with the State Governments. The State Marketing Boards can also take up this activity. The total cost of one such market has been estimated at ` 16 lakh. Assistance will be provided to the extent of 25% of the cost, subject to a maximum of ` 4 lakh for general areas and 33.33% of the cost, subject to a maximum of `
5.33 lakh for Hilly/Tribal area. This has yet to take shape. Farmers are selling their produce in local, nearby markets only. The production in many districts is not sufficient to enable the establishment of a full‐
fledged market. Establishment of bamboo bazaar is now taking place in Nagaland (Dimapur) and in Odisha. NBDA houses a retail shop that is being frequented by tourists and local customers. Villages of Nagaland suffer from poor roads. Villagers demand for “bamboo roads” so that they can take their produce as well as handicrafts to nearest city. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 66 In Raipur (Chhattisgarh), bamboo emporium was established in the year 2010. This store has made a sale of ` 113000 till June 2011. Products are also sold in Delhi (Dilli Haat) as well as state level fairs and local melas. But this is small duration event. Figure: Bamboo Retail Emporium in Chhattisgarh A bamboo bazaar has been established in Nagaon in Assam. The bamboo bazaar is centrally located in the city area and attracts a large number of visitors. The initiative is yet to take shape to be fully operational. Refining Bamboo, Improving Lives
Chhattisgarh forest department sees bamboo processing as a key employment generating activity in the tribal areas of the state. Supported by NBM, the department has successfully established bamboo handicrafts making units in tribal belt inhabited by Bansod, Kamar, Birhor, Pando, Baiga and Pahadi communities. This new avenue that offers decent income to otherwise unemployed individuals has raised economic status of the families. The department has also opened various Bamboo Processing Centers to ensure regular employment. In order to institutionalise bamboo processing activity, artisans groups are being strengthened through providing trainings and establishing marketing linkages for the finished products. By 2009, 27 Processing Centres have been established. Artisans of Chhattisgarh participate in various exhibitions. This has not only served them as a tool to market their products and capabilities but has also exposed them to various other techniques and designs. Artisans put up their stalls in Dilli Haat (New Delhi), Kerala Bamboo Fest, Trade Fair, National Malabar Craft Fare, Chhattisgarh Craft Fare, Cosmo Travel and Tourism Fare, etc. Artisans have been awarded second prize at National Malabar Craft Fare 2008, for their beautiful and fine creations out of bamboo. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 67 The initiative could not pick up as a result of low cost norms. The total cost of one such bazaar has been estimated at ` 27 lakh, which is too low in the current scenario. Depending on proposals received from Development Commissioner (Handicrafts) [DC (H)] and other organisations, assistance is provided to the extent of 25% of the cost, subject to a maximum of ` 6.75 lakh for general areas and 33.33% of the cost, subject to a maximum of ` 9 lakh for Hilly/Tribal area. This too is very low and has not incited interest of any private entrepreneur. At least 50% assistance is what people look for in case of big investments. 4.12
Major Problems in Handicraft Promotion To see bamboo handicrafts picking up, there are certain areas according to the states which are to be taken care of. Below are a few problems that have been expressed by one state or the other but they seem to be addressed across all the states. Table: Marketing Problems in Handicrafts States Assam Nagaland Odisha Uttarakhand Major Problems
Suggestions Problem of market facilities and uncertain net income  Design inputs missing  Less market accessibility  Unorganised sector with no defined supply chain  Lack of quality control  Lack of implements and tools  Availability of cheaper alternatives in the market, such as plastic products  No specific provision for skill up gradation training of artisans. Insufficient provisions for extension activities  Non‐availability of chemicals for treatment of bamboo in nearby markets  Non‐acceptability of the handicrafts and the high cost thereof  Non‐availability of sufficient bazaar facilities  VAT is too high  Lack of information about There should be value addition unit set up for promotion of handicrafts More implements and tools to be provided, more R & D facility to be put up Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Like farmers & field functionaries, there should be a provision for similar training for artisans as well @ ` 10,000 per artisan for a training of 45 days duration; this amount even includes wage compensation and revolving funds as well for the participants Bamboo handicraft should be exempted from VAT. More media campaigns and Page 68 States Major Problems
Suggestions handicraft fair/exhibition at advertisements. national and international level.  Accommodation and transportation of rural artisans is again a problem in participation  Low level of awareness 4.13
Beneficiary Analysis The Mission aims at reaching out to the least privileged sections of the society including the small and marginal farmers, SC, ST and OBC communities with benefits of the scheme through nursery growing, bamboo plantation, handicraft activities, etc. A detailed analysis of plantation beneficiaries is given below. 4.13.1. Social Category As the target of the Mission is to make bamboo cultivation another source of generating livelihoods for the marginal communities, state achievements in this regard have been promising. As per the details given in the following table, the Mission has been able to reach to around 60% of SCs and STs in Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra whereas the same has covered a good number of OBCs in Jharkhand and Uttarakhand. Since North Eastern states are tribal states, 100% beneficiaries are STs. Table: Social Category (%age of total beneficiaries) States Arunachal Pradesh East Siang West Siang Assam Cachar Nagaon Chhattisgarh Korba Sarguja Jharkhand Chatra Hazaribagh Maharashtra Chandrapur Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
SC ST OBC General 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 0 48 15 17 20 13 40 22 25 2 2 70 70 28 28 0 0 7 16 4 2 11 47 76 35 50 0 50 0 Page 69 States Yavatmal Mizoram Mamit Aizwal Nagaland Dimapur Mokokchung Odisha Bolangir Mayurbhanj Uttarakhand Pauri U S Nagar SC 90 ST 0 OBC 10 General 0 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 0 22 23 18 17 0 0 60 60 15 0 15 0 0 30 70 70 There are different methods in different states to identify beneficiaries. Whereas in Chhattisgarh, assistance is provided to whosoever is willing to plant, in Arunachal Pradesh (Aalo sub‐division of West Siang), beneficiaries’ applications are scrutinised by the village Panchayat and are forwarded to District Horticulture Officer (DHO), which takes care of plantation on private individual land. The objective of taking bamboo cultivation to marginal communities has been largely fulfilled but there still is a need for a mechanism to identify a beneficiary so to ensure that benefits reach to the needy. 4.13.2. Farmer’s Category It is seen in Arunachal Pradesh that the benefits have reached to medium and large farmers only, highest being 70% in East Siang. In Chhattisgarh, majority of the beneficiaries are marginal farmers. In Uttarakhand, large farmers are the only beneficiaries on non‐forest lands and Maharashtra too has large percentage of large farmers getting the benefits. Table: Farmer’s Category (%age of beneficiaries) States Marginal Farmers
Small Farmers (<1.5 ha.) (1.5 ha‐4 ha.) Arunachal Pradesh East Siang 0 30 West Siang 0 100 Assam Cachar 45 35 Nagaon 45 45 Chhattisgarh Korba 100 0 Sarguja 90 10 Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Large Farmers (>4 ha.) 70 0 10 10 0 0 Page 70 States Jharkhand Chatra Hazaribagh Maharashtra Chandrapur Yavatmal Mizoram Mamit Aizwal Nagaland Dimapur Mokokchung Odisha Bolangir Mayurbhanj Uttarakhand Pauri U S Nagar Marginal Farmers
(<1.5 ha.) Small Farmers (1.5 ha‐4 ha.) Large Farmers (>4 ha.) 45 35 25 40 30 25 0 0 80 0 20 100 70 70 30 30 0 0 65 60 35 40 0 0 50 60 50 40 0 0 65 0 35 0 0 100 Due to lack of awareness and limited access to government offices, only limited number of farmers could take the benefit of NBM. During focused group discussions and interactions with the farmers, it came out that small and marginal farmers do not want to plant bamboo; they prefer to work on field/food crops. Short gestation period and immediate marketability of food crops are the prime reasons for this. On the other hand, large farmers have land to spare and thus, have gone for bamboo plantations. Some have done it on their barren lands while others as boundary plantations. However, majority of the farmers were of the opinion that there is vast scope for bringing additional area as there are ample of wastelands on which bamboo cultivation can be taken. Owing to time constraint, they were not able to take full advantage of the programme. 4.13.3. Other beneficiaries Under NBM, State Level Agencies have been entrusted the job of roping in Farmers’ Societies, NGOs, SHGs and similar entities for implementation of the Mission’s programmes in the state. In forest areas, mainly JFMCs, Village Bamboo Development Committees (VBDCs), Village Forest Management Committees (VFMCs) have been identified as beneficiaries. These are registered (under either Societies Act or with Village Panchayats) groups with members ranging from around 7 to 21 with varied constitutions comprising of female members, head of local religious body, individuals from forest department, panchayat head, etc. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 71 As per the data collected, in Nagaland, 100% beneficiaries are the VBDCs or in some cases, Churches are the beneficiaries. A typical constitution of VBDC is 4 farmers, 2 youths (aged between 20 to 30 years), 1 Pastor, 2 women and 2 village council members. In Uttarakhand also, plantation in forest areas has been taken up fully (100%) by VFMCs. In East Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh, 100% forest area has been planted by VFMCs. The case is similar to that in Pauri district of Uttarakhand. Only one SHG is the beneficiary in Dimapur. Total number of SHGs and artisans group is very low as compared to groups/societies – just 0.4% and 2% respectively. There is a need for coordination between the Department of Industries and/or Department of Handicrafts and BDA. This would help in bridging the communication gap which has resulted in low awareness about Bamboo Mission among artisans and other similar agencies. 4.14
Capacity Building Stakeholders’ sensitisation, orientation and capacity building is an integral part of the Mission. Appropriate training was supposed to be imparted to the farmers for the adoption of scientific measures (farming and post harvest management) for high yield plantations of bamboo and harvesting of shoots. Trainings have been imparted to resources persons (field functionaries/trainers) and beneficiaries at different times. As per the table give below, besides basics of plantation and nursery raising, trainings have been conducted on value addition, post harvest management, handicrafts (basket making) and species selection. Resource agency for the trainings have been private bodies such as Nagaon Paper Mill and Arunachal Plywood Industries Ltd (APIL) in Arunachal Pradesh, Ganesh Craft Centre in Chhattisgarh, along with R&D institutes, SAUs, Forest Department and regional BTSGs. Since bamboo has not been harvested in any of the states, trainings have focused on plantation, planting material production and pre‐harvest management. The initiatives in this regard taken in Uttarakhand, Nagaland and Odisha seem to be of better quality as compared to others states. Table: Training Programmes Organised States Arunachal Pradesh Major Topics Covered Resource Agency Nursery raising, bamboo based Nagaon Paper Mill, tissue culture industries lab, Amingaon bamboo industries, CBTC, Byrnihat Bamboo Industry, Van Vigyan Kendra (VVK), Chessa and APIL, Namsai Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 72 States Assam Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Uttarakhand Major Topics Covered Propagation and commercial cultivation of bamboo Bamboo plantation and making of bamboo products a) Nursery & plantation techniques b) Value addition of bamboo c) Backward & forward market linkage Bamboo nursery and plantation techniques, pests management, handicrafts etc. Training on bamboo nursery, bamboo plantation, management, Post harvest management a) Capacity building programme on Bamboo Technology for Forest Officials b) Priority species, Resource estimation, Plantation Development, Post‐
harvest technology & Socio‐economic Livelihood potential of Bamboo c) Capacity building programme on Bamboo Technology for Forest Officials Propagation techniques, plantation techniques, management of nursery, management of plantation, importance of species. Selection of species, utilization and value addition. Bamboo Handicraft Bamboo Fruit basket development Resource Agency FDA Ganesh Craft Creation, Nagpur CBTC, Assam & Birsa Agril. Univ (BAU) Forest Department Industry Department Bamboo Dev. Agency Individual experts NBDA a) OFRC, Angul & respective Divisional headquarters b) KFRI, Peechi, Kerala c) CBTC, Guwahati, Assam Uttarakhand Bamboo & Fiber Development Board, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun. Uttarakhand Forest Department, G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology‐Pantnagar During interaction with the beneficiaries, it was found that the trainings on plantation have not been very informative since it consisted of basics lectures only. Farmers have always been interested in lectures that inform them about raising their incomes. Handicraft Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 73 trainings have been irregular and of short duration. It is to be noted that course content has been customised according to regional and local needs. BTSGs do not have much role in formulation of course content. It was found during the visit to FRI, Dehradun (which serves as BTSG for 7 states) that lack of resource persons on Value Addition and Marketing makes it impossible for the BTSG to take up these subjects for training. Low staff as a result of low financial allocation makes organising the trainings a challenge. The cost norm on participation in trainings (` 1520 per participant within the state and ` 2500 each outside the state of seven days for farmers and ` 8000 per participant for seven days) are no more viable. The initiatives lack strategic inputs with regard to capacity building of the stakeholders involved or were expected to be involved in NBM. The approach adopted shows the initial 1‐2 times interventions with regard to sensitisation and orientation and organising exposure visits but could not follow them up to a logical end. The approach did not follow training needs assessment of the stakeholders, designing curriculum & training modules, conducting training, etc. The individual and group beneficiaries lack technological, managerial and institutional knowledge and skills with regard to pre‐harvesting and post harvesting management. 4.15
Technology Transfer and Extension Activities 4.15.1. Extension and Communication Information, Education and Communication (IEC) material such as manual, flyers that mention status reports, success stories, etc. on awareness of bamboo species and its utility was developed in most of the states. The concept of village meetings was followed in Nagaland to sensitise the rural communities. In addition to other IEC activities, radio talk was also organised for promotion of bamboo plantation in the state. The literature developed and published by different state bamboo development agencies include Banas Ropan Evam Upyogita (Bamboo Plantation and Utility) in Hindi – by FRI, Dehradun in Uttarakhand; Infomag (monthly magazine by NBDA) in Nagaland and two fliers in Hindi – one at the time of inauguration of bamboo emporium in Raipur and the other one on existing schemes for artisans in Chhattisgarh. The handbook on Bamboos of Arunachal Pradesh, Bamboo Nursery and Commercially Important Bamboo Species of Arunachal Pradesh was developed in the state under the publications by SFRI, Itanagar. The Radio Talk initiative of Uttarakhand sets a benchmark which others may follow. In Nagaland, publications of NBDA supplement NBM in promoting bamboo cultivation. Regular publications and promotions (print and radio ads) that aid to build ‘bamboo culture’ needs to be taken up in future in all the states. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 74 4.15.2. Technology Transfer The Mission intended for speedy transfer of technology across the states so as to achieve its goal in a time bound manner. As an outcome of interaction with different stakeholders in the studied states, 40% of states feel satisfied with the way technology transfer is taking place whereas 60% are not satisfied. Most of the respondents feel that more thrust should be given on extension and trainings, that too on a regular basis. As perceived by the project level officials in Arunachal Pradesh, the genuine private entrepreneur and NGOs need to be involved as they can enhance community participation in transfer of technology at the field level in a better way. The officials and other stakeholders in Assam suggest on integrated package of capacity building along with intensive follow up and feedback mechanism. They also suggest that transfer of technology should be in‐built in the programme itself. The stakeholders’ perceptions on speedy transfer of technology in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Mizoram, Nagaland, Maharashtra focus on intensive training, exposure and extension activities. According to the officials in Uttarakhand and Odisha, there is a felt need for first hand exposure and live demonstration of technologies. There should be more trainings and seminars. Exposure visits should be organised for the employees working in the development of bamboo sector in the state. The states also demand for more front line demonstration, workshops for field functionaries and other capacity building programmes. 4.16 Bamboo Technical Support Group (BTSG) The major responsibilities of BTSGs under NBM include periodic guidance/inputs to implementation agencies on policy issues, organisational aspects, appropriate species of bamboo suited to the region or end user, organising regional workshops on plantation/handicraft and bamboo marketing/exports, conducting studies on different aspects of bamboo, assisting the States in capacity building programmes, undertaking publicity campaigns to promote the Mission objectives, documentation and dissemination of case studies/success stories and developing network with various stakeholders and Institutes/Organisations/Agencies, both in India and abroad. It was also expected that with each BTSG, minimum three (3) experts having experience in bamboo plantation, handicrafts and marketing will be engaged. The details in the following table indicate that CBTC has taken initiatives with regard to certification of bamboo nurseries, developing training and publicity campaign material, organising international seminar, participation in domestic and international trade fairs, whereas ICFRE conducted training programmes for the field functionaries and the beneficiaries. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 75 BTSG’s Initiatives BTSG States Covered Cane and Arunachal Bamboo Pradesh, Technology Assam, Center (CBTC), Mizoram, Guwahati Nagaland, Odisha, Jharkhand Initiatives 
Certification of Bamboo Nurseries developed under NBM  Training Manual Design & Printing  Centralised Publicity Campaign (news paper advertisements, magazines, electronic media)  Organising International Level Seminars (15‐17 April, 2008, PUSA, Delhi; also Bamboo Expo)  Exposure and Educational Trip to “Bamboo Developed Countries”  Participation in Domestic and International Trade Fairs  Model Bamboo Handicraft units  Model Bamboo Cluster Development Indian Council Uttarakhand Train farmers and field functionaries (employees of of Forestry Chhattisgarh Horticulture and Forest departments); 28 trainings have been conducted since inception Research and Education (ICFRE), Dehradun The field level functionaries and the state officials feel that BTSGs role was limited to participation in initial trainings only. They also find some contribution in developing manuals. However, most of the respondents across the states are not satisfied with BTSGs inputs. However, CBTC feels that the implementing agencies have their own decision in terms of species selection, plantation, etc. ICFRE should improve their training on aspects of handicraft and marketing and hire domain experts. The funding for participation is too low and it does not encourage BTSG to organise seminars or workshops. While having interacted with BTSG, beneficiaries and field functionaries, it was found that there exists disconnect between the needs of the field and the deliveries of BTSG. 4.17
Research and Development NBM envisaged that research and development will concentrate on technology generation as appropriate to each region/state keeping in view their specific agro‐climatic and socio‐
economic conditions. Emphasis will be on effective documentation/transfer and dissemination of technologies available in India and abroad. Four institutions were visited and their research initiatives were enumerated. There is common focus on developing agro‐
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 76 forestry models in all the R & D institutes. Bamboo planted as an agro‐forestry crop is a much economically viable proposition rather than just its lone plantation. Research projects under NBM at four R&D centres are enumerated as below – A. Forest Research Institute, Dehradun Title of the project: Bamboo Improvement for Rural and Tribal Communities: Integrating Recent Technologies Objectives: The objectives of the project were – (i)
to establish two bambusetum – one at an altitude of about 600ft for hill bamboos and another in Dehradun for Dendrocalamaus strictus, (ii)
to establish bamboo clonal nursery at FRI, Dehradun and, (iii)
to impart training to field functionaries Outcomes: The key deliverables of the project were as follows ‐ (i)
Bamboo species were grown through various vegetative propagation techniques (ii)
Preparation of clonal material of D.strictus and its distribution (iii)
The clonally multiplied ramets (plants) of D.strictus have been prepared in the Shatabdi Van Vigyan Kendra, FRI, City Centre, Dehradun. These plants were taken to six states under FRI's jurisdiction, i.e., Delhi, Haryana, Chandigarh, Punjab, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. Hundred plants of D.strictus were distributed to above mentioned states for field planting. (iv)
Various species planted in bambusetum are Sinarundinaria falcata, Thamnocalamus falconeri, S. anceps, T. spathiflorus, S. maling, Chinomonobambusa callosa, Phyllostachys mannnii, Ochlandra travancorica, Pseudosasa japonica, Dendrocalamus patellaris, Phyllostachys auruea, P. pubescens, Bambusa mulliplex. The germ plasm of these species were distributed to farmers of U.P., Uttarakhand and Punjab B. State Forest Research Institute, Itanagar Title of the project: Studies on Crop Diversity, Growth, Productivity and Biomass on Bamboo based Traditional Home Gardens of Different Agro‐Climatic Zones of Arunachal Pradesh Objectives: The key objectives of the project were‐ (i)
study of diverse species of bamboo, their productivity and marketing status Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 77 (ii)
(iii)
analyse the importance of various species in terms of their contribution to bio‐diversity and end‐use biomass estimation Outcomes: As a result of the research, twenty seven (27) new species of bamboo were recorded for the state. Apart from the above project, SFRI carries out research on development of agro‐
forestry system with upland rice. C. Rain Forest Research Institute (RFRI), Jorhat Title: Development of Bamboo‐based agro‐forestry models Objective: In order to have additional short duration crop from bamboo fields and to utilise the space, agro‐forestry models were being developed. The project was of three years and it started in the year 2008. 12 trials were set up in areas of Assam, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh. Various combinations of B. tulda, B. balcooa, B. nutans and D. hamiltonii with assam lemon, aricanut,orange, kiwi, ginger and vegetables were tried. Outcomes: The key finding of the project was that French bean, maize and king chilli can grow very well with B. tulda and farmers can go for this agro‐forestry system. No paper has been published on this research. Project Completion Report (PCR) is being made. The problems identified in the research were that agriculture land is not made available; farmers are not interested to give their lands. Weeds are also a major problem. Another area of research at RFRI is Clump Management. Under this project, researchers are working on developing techniques of clump management, which enables good growth of the culms. D. Indira Gandhi Agriculture University (IGAU), Raipur Title: Bamboo based agro‐forestry model at various level in different agro‐climatic zones Outcomes: Developed agro‐forestry models ‐ (i)
Bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) + agricultural crops viz; paddy and soybean in rainy season (Kharif) followed by wheat, linseed and mustard in winter season (Rabi) with tuber crop of turmeric based agro‐forestry model is established and being studied and documented in the reports. (ii)
Bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus, Bambusa nutans, B.vulgaris & b. bambos) + pasture crops viz; grasses and range legume (Stylosanthes Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 78 hamata) based silvipasture model is established and being studied and documented in the reports. Another research aspect is standardisation of harvesting and sustainable management practices. In agro‐forestry system; mature, uneven and dead bamboo culms are harvested in summer before rainy season crop; and while drooping, uneven and dead culms are suggested to be harvested in October or before winter crop as a part of crop management. The research focus has been very much keeping in mind the growers’ interest. Developing economically viable plantation is the need and R & D institutions are taking care of that. Bamboo Based Wasteland Development and Development of Low Cost Post Harvest Technologies are two areas that need more research. The major constraints experienced in implementation of R & D project is that the contingency amount is very less because agro‐forestry system requires much labour to be put in for intensive management of woody species and agriculture crop. Timely release of funds is also needed. As a feedback from the institutes, budget of the scheme should be exceeded. Salary/ wages of supporting staff, that is, Research Associate/Research scholars/Technical Assistant etc. of the scheme should have been linked with UGC pattern (as opted ICAR/CSRI/DBT and they supplemented the enhanced salary) so that trained staff could stay in the project. 4.18
Administrative and Technical Setup The administrative and technical structure of NBM ‐ ranging from the National Level Apex Committee to Panchayat and JFMC (refer figure below) ‐ is an ideal set up to be rested with the responsibility of implementation of this nature. At all levels, NBM seeks deployment of experts of Departments of Forests, Agriculture, Horticulture, Rural Development, Panchayati Raj, Commerce, Science and Technology, Small Scale Industries, etc. in various capacities. Whereas in Forest Areas, NBM is taken care of by Forest Department; in non‐
Forest areas Department of Horticulture is the nodal agency in most of the states. NBM seeks to cover the bamboo plantation holistically and vouches for its integration with existing schemes of employment generation and poverty reduction. It is seen that in non‐
forest areas, District Level Agency (under BDA in each state) comprises of officials from Agriculture/Horticulture, Forest, Rural Development and other line departments. The District Horticulture Officer works in close coordination with Forest Development Agency in each district. In many cases, the sources of planting material for non‐forest areas are the nurseries of forest departments. Instances of such integration were seen in districts of Chhattisgarh and Nagaland. It is to be noted that in East Siang district, Panchayats work in close coordination with DHO in identifying the beneficiaries for (non‐forest areas). The Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 79 application of assistance under NBM is vetted by the Panchayat and then forwarded to DHO. The structure suffers a setback for the prime reason of lack of staff. The number of designated nodal officers for NBM in Uttarakhand is only two. In Arunachal Pradesh, it is only one. The situation leads to under‐coverage of various aspects of the scheme and ineffective implementation and thereby monitoring. The set‐up demands a decent degree of coordination among various agencies. NBM is yet to establish itself in line departments and those agencies that may serve to develop bamboo plantation as an industry, key among whom is Small Scale Industries Department. Though there are few instances wherein Handicrafts Promotion Board (in Uttarakhand) and Industries Department have pitched in to contribute to NBM, such initiatives are low in number. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 80 Indicative Structure of NBM National Level Apex Committee  To be headed by Minister, Agriculture  Minister, Forests, Textiles, Science & Technology, Commerce, Rural Development, Panchayati Raj, DONER, Urban Development & Poverty Alleviation and Small Scale Industries to be Members.  Concerned Ministers of select States to be Members  Member (Environment and Forests), Planning Commission to be Member  Experts as Members in the field of production, processing, marketing‐value added products  Mission Director
National Steering Committee on Bamboo  To be headed by Secretary, DAC  Secretaries of Line Departments concerned with bamboo to be Members  Experts as Members in the field of production, processing, marketing‐value added products  Mission Director to be the Member Secretary National Bamboo Cell Mission Director for Bamboo Development Support Staff Bamboo Technical Support Group State Bamboo Steering Committee Headed by Secretary, Environment & Forest/Agriculture/Horticulture Director, Environment & Forests/Agriculture/Horticulture to be the Member Secretary Bamboo Development Agency Director, E&F/Agriculture/Horticulture to be the Mission Director Activity SHG Groups Federation/District Bamboo Development Agency (BDA) Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Forest Development Agency Will implement in Forest/Non‐forest areas at the District level Joint Forest Management Committee (JFMC) Panchayat
Page 81 CHAPTER‐5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Following are the major conclusions and recommendations that may be considered for taking mid‐course correction. 5.1 Planting Material 5.1.1 Peoples’ Involvement The major focus has been laid on Centralised Nurseries promoted by BDAs to meet the demand of planting material. This has marginalised the involvement of local people (Mahila and Kisan) in raising nurseries. The approach on the one hand, narrows the scope for developing local skills and entrepreneurship and on the other, reduces the chances of improving livelihood opportunities of the target communities. Therefore, it is recommended that more number of local people should be involved in raising nurseries by equipping them with technical know‐how and improving their entrepreneurial skills, modifying cost norms and developing effective quality control mechanism. 5.1.2 Tissue Culture (TC) TC saplings have been found superior in terms of growth but because of the higher prices of the same, there is inadequate demand for these saplings. Even the awareness level of the superiority of these saplings is less. Therefore it is recommended that: a) The training programmes should focus on the superiority of TC saplings. b) Existing TC units should be adapted for raising bamboo saplings under NBM funding. c) One TC unit set up in Guwahati (Assam) must be operationalised as early as possible. 5.2 Bamboo Plantation and Management 5.2.1 Plantation BDAs in all the states have done excellent work with regard to bamboo plantation on forest lands through JFMCs and other village level institutions. However, the plantation on private lands has been marginalised in most of the states. Therefore, it is recommended that: Demonstrations on different agro‐forestry models, superiority of plantations raised with tissue cultured saplings, micro‐irrigation applications and dissemination of success stories could be the ways of inciting interest of private land owners to bamboo cultivation. It is also recommended that each state should have a ‘model plantation’ of 10‐12 ha that is raised and tended under standardised modern package of practices for bamboo cultivation Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 82 including micro‐irrigation and fertigation systems. A ‘model nursery’ also may be established on similar lines. 5.2.2 Survival Rate No major pest attack/diseases have been observed in plantation areas across the studied states. The survival rate has been better in north‐eastern states as compared to the others. Survival norm of 90% is too high given that no assistance for fencing is provided under NBM. It is recommended that 75% may be taken as threshold survival percentage for the funds to be released for maintenance in the second year. 5.3 Post Harvest Management Post Harvest Management (PHM) is a wide subject involving treatment, processing, grading, storage and marketing. Towards these activities, NBM has funded some treatment plants and CFCs in states like Assam, Nagaland and Chhattisgarh. CFCs are showing encouraging results and it is recommended that more such units be established under the Mission. 5.4 Handicrafts Promotion NBM has made efforts at improving the quality of bamboo handicrafts and other produce in states like Chhattisgarh and Assam. Bamboo handicrafts have a global market but the design and quality must be of international level. Design and workmanship need to be improved significantly to be acceptable globally. Effort is required to be made for attaining those levels through improved training and institutional collaboration. 5.5 Marketing The project emphasises on promotion of market for bamboo and bamboo products through various interventions such as establishing bamboo bazaars, bamboo outlets, establishing linkages by participating in national and international trade fairs, etc. An initial beginning has been made in some of the states such as Uttarakhand, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Nagaland and Mizoram. Outlets set up under the Mission are not working at their optimum level. It is recommended to consider running of bamboo bazaars/bamboo outlets on Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode. 5.6 Capacity Building The project has been able to initiate process of capacity building of stakeholders, especially to sensitise and orient them on various aspects of the programme. The project should develop a follow up mechanism to ensure percolation of information, knowledge and skills. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 83 5.7 Technology Transfer One of the major responsibilities of Research and Development institutions was to develop knowledge on various aspects of bamboo cultivation, creating agro‐forestry and other models involving farming community and transfer the technologies to the end users. It is recommended that the results of R & D initiative under the Mission may be taken to farmers and other growers to optimise their benefits. NBM may review the plans pertaining to technology transfer to strategise more practical approach. 5.8 Financial Norms Financial norms set six years ago have become less relevant because of significant increase in wage level and rise in the cost of other inputs like polythene bags, manures and fertilisers, transportation, etc. NBM may think of revising the rates for effective implementation of the planned strategies. 5.9 Bamboo Technology Support Groups (BTSGs) Three BTSGs have been established under the Mission. The key roles of a BTSG are – a) Guidance on policy, organisational and technical matters to the concerned state b) Recommendation on species to be adopted c) Assistance in capacity building programmes d) Undertake publicity campaigns e) Documentation and dissemination of success stories f) Network with various stakeholders and institutes/organisations/agencies, both in India and abroad. A total amount of ` 5.85 crore has been released to BTSGs during the period 2006‐2011 (Table 3.4.2.22). BTSGs have, from time to time, been resourceful to implementing agencies with their technical and support services. But for various reasons, the deliveries from them have not been regular. NBM needs to develop mechanism for better coordination amongst them. Capacities of BTSGs should be upgraded and improved by enabling them to employ competent consultants. BTSGs should be monitored more frequently and closely. Also, there should be coordination and synergy among the three BTSGs for optimum results. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 84 5.10
Research and Development R & D projects funded by NBM match the priorities set by the Mission. However, R & D activities should also address to problems related to promotion of bamboo cultivation in the area including economic and social issues. 5.11
Convergence with other Programmes A number of watershed development programmes are being implemented to enhance productivity of rain‐fed areas through National Rain‐fed Areas Development Authority, NABARD, etc. The programme involves large scale plantation activities including Bamboo. There is a need to establish linkages of NBM programme with watershed development programmes across the country. 5.12
Model Creation through Cluster Approach NBM programme emphasises on cluster approach but the same needs to be taken up significantly during the XI Five Year Plan and onwards. The concept of identification of potential clusters (compact unit), plantation of bamboo on large scale, application of scientific inputs, promotion and strengthening of farmer groups/institutions may lead to collective production, processing and marketing of bamboo and its by‐products. The models thus created may be taken up for up‐scaling of the programme across the county. *** Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 85 Annexure‐1 Sample Size covered under the Study
States Individual Plantation Group Plantation Artisan Group Type of Groups Total Sample Total Sample Members (FGD) Total Sample Arunachal Pradesh East Siang 259 26 3 1 17 ‐ ‐ Village Forest Management Committee West Siang 368 38 3 1 30 ‐ ‐ Assam Cachar ‐ ‐ 1 1 35 ‐ ‐ Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMC) Nagaon ‐ ‐ 1 1 46 ‐ ‐ Chattisgarh Korba ‐ ‐ 18 2 41 3 1 Self‐help Groups (SHGs) Sarguja 1537 159 ‐ ‐ ‐ 1 1 Jharkhand Chatra ‐ ‐ 9 2 23 ‐ ‐ Gram Van Prabandhan Evam Sarankshan Samiti Hazaribagh ‐ ‐ 6 2 31 ‐ ‐ Maharashtra Chandrapur 67 7 7 1 26 ‐ ‐ Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMC) Yavatmal 33 3 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Mizoram Mamit ‐ ‐ 9 1 32 1 1 Bamboo Development Committees Aizwal ‐ ‐ 7 1 27 1 1 Nagaland Dimapur ‐ ‐ 13 2 43 3 1 Village Bamboo Development Committees Mokokchung ‐ ‐ 7 1 19 2 1 Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 86 States Odisha Bolangir Mayurbhanj Uttarakhand Pauri U S Nagar Individual Plantation Group Plantation Artisan Group Type of Groups Total Sample Total Sample Members (FGD) Total Sample 25 5 2 1 4 1 1 Self‐help Groups (SHGs) 183 6 6 1 16 3 1 47 5 45 5 37 ‐ ‐ Van Panchayats 214 25 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Page 87 Annexure‐2 List of Beneficiaries/Groups contacted during the Study Sr. No. State/Beneficiary Arunachal Pradesh Name of Beneficiary 1 Aging Moyong District East Siang 2 Ojing East Siang 3 Tamlen East Siang 4 Tapir East Siang 5 Mitin Osik 6 Smt Olek Mize 7 Kaling Ruklo 8 Osan Moyong 9 Odu Taling 10 James Moyong East Siang Pasighat (Ruksin) East Siang Pasighat (Ruksin) East Siang Pasighat (Ruksin) East Siang Pasighat (Ruksin) East Siang Pasighat (Ruksin) East Siang 11 Tahen Padu East Siang 12 R' Koyu East Siang 13 Takang Mize East Siang 14 Tatal Tapir East Siang 15 Tajir Tamin East Siang 16 Taro Tamut East Siang 17 Tasar Tamut East Siang Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Address Village ‐ Sibo, Dist.‐East Siang, Arunachal Pradesh
Village ‐ Mirsam, Dist.‐
East Siang, Arunachal Pradesh Village ‐ Lingka, Dist.‐
East Siang, Arunachal Pradesh Village ‐ Sika tode, Dist.‐
East Siang, Arunachal Pradesh Village‐ Tiagra, Dist‐ Pasighat Village‐ Mirluk, Dist‐ Pasighat Village‐ Kelek, Dist‐ Pasighat Village‐ Mirluk, Dist‐ Pasighat Village‐ Mongku Dist‐ Pasighat Village‐ Boying, Dist‐ Pasighat Village‐Rotte, Dist‐
Pasighat Village‐ Koyu, Dist‐
Pasighat Village‐ Pareng, Dist‐ Pasighat Village‐ Riga, Dist‐ Pasighat Village‐ Sitang, Dist‐
Pasighat Village‐ Lilleng, Dist‐
Pasighat Village‐ Paneng, Dist‐ Pasighat Page 88 Sr. No. State/Beneficiary 18 Tatar Siram District East Siang 19 Tamiran Taki East Siang 20 Nari Tamuk East Siang 21 Joni Tayeng East Siang 22 Olik Megu East Siang 23 Smti Osu Tayeng East Siang 24 Tamol Tadeng East Siang 25 Takar Tatak East Siang 26 Tapum Mize East Siang 27 Kiri Karbi West Siang Aalo 28 Dakum Doji West Siang Aalo 29 Imar Lollen West Siang Aalo 30 Ipe Jini West Siang Aalo 31 Rell ingo West Siang Aalo 32 Dagyom Ango West Siang Aalo 33 Jumli Ango West Siang 34 Mali Ango West Siang 35 Marto Naso West Siang 36 Mijum Ango West Siang 37 Gumjum Lollen West Siang 38 Marto Naso West Siang 39 Smti Duda Lollen, ASM West Siang Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Address Village‐ Sime, Dist‐ Pasighat Village‐ Mobit, Dist‐ Pasighat Village‐ Mobit, Dist‐ Pasighat Village‐ Darne, Dist‐ Pasighat Village‐Morguli, Dist‐ Pasighat Village‐ Ayeng, Dist‐ Pasighat Village‐ Boleng, Dist‐ Pasighat Village‐ Dosing, Dist‐ Pasighat Village‐ Rengo, Dist‐ Pasighat Village‐ Kombo Tarsu, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Doji Jelly, Dist ‐ West Siang Aalo Village‐ Kombo Jirdin Dist ‐ West Siang Aalo Village‐ Jini, Dist‐ West Siang Aalo Village‐ Eyi, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Eyi, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Biru, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Biru, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Eyi, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Eyi, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Paya, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Tadin, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Kombo‐ Tarsu, Dist West Siang Aalo Page 89 Sr. No. State/Beneficiary District 40 Smti Nayamar Lollen, ASM West Siang 41 Sri Yomrak Sora West Siang 42 Deki Sora West Siang 43 Jumdo Ete West Siang 44 Hengo Nyoraki West Siang 45 Paksen Nayorak West Siang 46 Marpe Doji West Siang 47 Smti Tori Riram West Siang 48 Smti Jumrik Riba West Siang 49 Smti Lilo Bam West Siang 50 Pekkar Basar West Siang 51 Smti Chi Dirchi West Siang 52 Tanom Yangi West Siang 53 Kotin Pangu West Siang 54 Tapak Taga West Siang 55 Tanbag Talom West Siang 56 Tagin Mize West Siang 57 Moken Nomuk West Siang 58 Tomsap Tato West Siang 59 Kenjom Kamki West Siang 60 Pudek Lombi West Siang 61 Tumge Gadi West Siang Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Address Village‐ Kombo‐ Tarsu, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Taba Sora, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Taba Sora, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Kuju Pomse, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Nyorak, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Nyorak, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Darka, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐Eshi‐Chiku, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Daring, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Bam, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐Gori, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Lchi, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐Sirum, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Sampeng, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Bingung, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Jomlo, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Jomlo Bari, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Nomuk, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Kaek, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Dego Kamki, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Tirbin, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Doke, Dist West Siang Aalo Page 90 Sr. No. State/Beneficiary 62 Smti Yayum Lombi District West Siang 63 Rikmo Taipodia West Siang 64 Marmik Riba West Siang Address Village‐ Kardo, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Lika, Dist West Siang Aalo Village‐ Pale, Dist West Siang Aalo 1 Assam Name of Group Cachar 2 Nagaon 1 Chhattisgarh Name of Beneficiary Karn Singh Joint Forest Management Committee Joint Forest Management Committee Sarguja 2 Shiv Mangal Sarguja 3 Beera Ram Sarguja 4 Ram Lakhan Sarguja 5 Dilshyam Sarguja 6 Kanshilal Sarguja 7 Mukutdhari Sarguja 8 Nandlal Sarguja 9 Shivmangal Sarguja 10 Bandhan Sarguja Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Cachar Forest Division Nagoan Forest Division Village ‐ Sedhopara, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh Village ‐ Sedhopara, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh Village ‐ Sedhopara, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh Village ‐ Sedhopara, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh Village ‐ Durti, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh Village ‐ Durti, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh Village ‐ Durti, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh Village ‐ Durti, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh Village ‐ Durti, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja Page 91 Sr. No. State/Beneficiary 11 Ram Lagan District Sarguja 12 Nanda Sarguja 13 Santosh Sarguja 14 Chander Sarguja 15 Bandhani Sarguja 16 Smt Saloni Sarguja 17 Smt Shanti Devi Sarguja 18 Smt Guni Bai Sarguja 19 Smt Runia Sarguja 20 Babu Ram Sarguja 21 Vijay Sarguja 22 Avadh Kumar Sarguja 23 Ram Bahir Sarguja 24 Sadhan Sarguja 25 Vikaram Singh Sarguja 26 Manvari Sarguja 27 Rajju Ram Sarguja 28 Sabit Lal Sarguja 29 Muneshwar Sarguja 30 Ram Ratan Sarguja 31 Sauna Sarguja Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Address Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Chimla (Pasta), Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Daridih, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Gajhadand, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Khairbar, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Bhakura, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Sasauli, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Jori, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Gahila, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Maanpur, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Maanpur, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Tendga, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja Page 92 Sr. No. State/Beneficiary 32 Ram Sakal District Sarguja 33 Haravan Sarguja 34 Nandkeshwar Sarguja 35 Biguwa Sarguja 36 Beena Sarguja 37 Judavan Sarguja 38 Baas Dev Sarguja 39 Sandeep Sarguja 40 Ram Ratan Sarguja 41 Jhari Sarguja 42 Ram Kali Sarguja 43 Ramvriksh Sarguja 44 Saroj Sarguja 45 Rukmani Devi Sarguja 46 Shanti Devi Sarguja 47 Munni Devi Sarguja 48 Kalavati Devi Sarguja 49 Ratiya Sarguja 50 Sanichara Sarguja 51 Masi Das Sarguja 52 Kariman Sarguja Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Address Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Ghorghadi, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Silfili, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Silfili, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Kamri, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Kamri, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Sevari, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Sevari, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja Page 93 Sr. No. State/Beneficiary 53 Godram District Sarguja 54 Sushma Sarguja 55 Nemhati Sarguja 56 Phoolmati Sarguja 57 Mahesh Sarguja 58 Sundari Sarguja 59 Shiv Mangal Sarguja 60 Buthani Sarguja 61 Ashok Sarguja 62 Gulab Sarguja 63 Puran Sarguja 64 Mandev Sarguja 65 Chandrika Sarguja 66 Bodhan Sarguja 67 Jitendra Sarguja 68 Jhitku Sarguja 69 Sarojni Sarguja 70 Mariyam Sarguja 71 Manimenen Sarguja 72 Thunki Sarguja 73 Hirmaniya Sarguja Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Address Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Pahadkhaduwa, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Pahadkhaduwa, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Dandkhaduwa, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Pahadkhaduwa, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Dandkhaduwa, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Dandkhaduwa, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Dandkhaduwa, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Uliya, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Uliya, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Uliya, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Uliya, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Uliya, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Chimla (Pasta), Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Chimla (Pasta), Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Chimla (Pasta), Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Chimla (Pasta), Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja Page 94 Sr. No. State/Beneficiary 74 Malti District Sarguja 75 Dashri Sarguja 76 Ramvriksh Sarguja 77 Chunuwa Sarguja 78 Savina Sarguja 79 Muneshwari Sarguja 80 Badhan Sarguja 81 Sugiya Sarguja 82 Parmila Sarguja 83 Anita Sarguja 84 Chameli Sarguja 85 Amni Sarguja 86 Sumri Sarguja 87 Malo Sarguja 88 Rameshri Sarguja 89 Abhay Sarguja 90 Ram Pati Sarguja 91 Krishna Ram Sarguja 92 Nilam Sarguja 93 Shri Kumar Sarguja 94 Krishna Ram Sarguja Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Address Village ‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Jhigdi, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Jhigdi, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Jhigdi, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Korandha, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Devsara, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Jargim, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Jargim, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Podi, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Jargim, Dist – Sarguja Page 95 Sr. No. State/Beneficiary 95 Kalavati District Sarguja 96 Roop Saay Sarguja 97 Chandan Sarguja 98 Jeevan Prasad Sarguja 99 Milan Singh Sarguja 100 Harihar Saay Sarguja 101 Sanjhu Sarguja 102 Jogi Sarguja 103 Belkenhin Sarguja 104 Dipadihin Sarguja 105 Karamheen Sarguja 106 Pichi Sarguja 107 Dhaneshwar Sarguja 108 Punni Sarguja 109 Sukhan Ram Sarguja 110 Kumar Saay Sarguja 111 Vijay Sarguja 112 Avadh Narayan Sarguja 113 Devanti Sarguja 114 Mangal Sarguja 115 Phool Kuwar Sarguja Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Address Village‐ Jargim, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja Page 96 Sr. No. State/Beneficiary 116 Ram Saay District Sarguja 117 Ram Charitra Sarguja 118 Shankar Ram Sarguja 119 Krishna Ram Sarguja 120 Kedar Ram Sarguja 121 Kali Ram Sarguja 122 Ram Chander Sarguja 123 Phoolmet Sarguja 124 Ganpat Sarguja 125 Puran Sarguja 126 Raj Kumar Sarguja 127 Seeta Ram Sarguja 128 Nanbai Sarguja 129 Mankuwar Sarguja 130 Karmi Bai Sarguja 131 Balobai Sarguja 132 Ronhi Sarguja 133 Subhasho Sarguja 134 Chirango Sarguja 135 Ramlallu Sarguja 136 Dirpal Sarguja Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Address Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja Page 97 Sr. No. State/Beneficiary 137 Baldev District Sarguja 138 Mahajan Sarguja 139 Shyam Dev Sarguja 140 Sukhwaro Sarguja 141 Shantosh Mishra Sarguja 142 Phoolo Sarguja 143 Shighun Sarguja 144 Ram Baran Sarguja 145 Narendera Kumar Sarguja 146 Shobran Sarguja 147 Shyam Singh Sarguja 148 Somar Saay Sarguja 149 Vrindavati Sarguja 150 Shanti Sarguja 151 Radhe Shyam Sarguja 152 Sunita Singh Sarguja 153 Maan Kuwar Sarguja 154 Sarihano Sarguja 155 Bharosa Sarguja 156 Mohan Sarguja 157 Shiv Prasad Sarguja Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Address Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Khumri, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Khumri, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Khumri, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Chilma, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Chilma, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Narsinghpur, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Narsinghpur, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Murka, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Murka, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Murka, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Murka, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Khukhri, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Khukhri, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Khukhri, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Narsingh pur, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Narsingh pur, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Narsingh pur, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Narsingh pur, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Amhiyapara, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Gajhadand, Dist – Sarguja Page 98 Sr. No. State/Beneficiary 158 Dil Bahal 159 District Sarguja Juliyas Sarguja Name of Group 1 Shiv SHG Sarguja 2 Nanbiwa Artisan Centre ( Adarsh SHG) Korba 1 Jharkhand Name of Group Gram van prabandhan and Sanrakhan Samiti Gram van prabandhan and Sanrakhan Samiti Saliaya forest proetction committee Chatra 4 Barkatha Hazaribagh 1 Maharashtra Name of Beneficiary Parshuram Babegi Neemgade Chandrapur 2 Prashant Babusaheb Wasode Chandrapur 3 Mrs.Mandotai Nanagi Dawaande Chandrapur 4 Sudhir Shantilar Katriya Chandrapur 5 Mrs. Salu Siddharth Sarrge Chandrapur 6 Hemant Vidyadhar Bhave Chandrapur Address Village ‐ Gajhadand, Dist – Sarguja Village ‐ Gajhadand, Dist – Sarguja Village‐ Amgaon , Block‐ Lundra , Dist.‐ Sarguja Village‐ Nanbira, Block‐ Kartala, Dist.‐ Korba 2 3 Chatra Hazaribagh Village‐ Chaur, Block‐ Chatra, Distt‐ Chatra Village‐ Jabra, Block‐ Hantarganj, Distt‐ Chatra Village‐ Chutiyaro, Block‐ Hazaribagh, Dist Hazaribagh Village‐ Saalaiya, Block‐ Hazaribagh, Dist‐ Hazaribagh Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Village‐ Pazdarchak Dist‐ Chandrapur, Block‐ Mul, Uttaranchal Village‐ Ballarpur, Dist‐ Chandrapur, Block ‐ Ballarpur, Uttaranchal Village‐ Chandrapur,Block ‐ Chandrapur, Dist‐ Chandrapur Village‐ Warra, Block ‐ Warra, Distt‐ Chandrapur
Village‐ Sandhya Nagar, Block‐ Chandrapur, Dist‐ Chandrapur Village‐ Katvali, Block‐ Ballarpur,Distt‐ Chandrapur Page 99 Sr. No. State/Beneficiary 7 Dharamsay Laxman Rao Porate District Chandrapur 8 Yashoda Haridas Pawar Yeotmal 9 Ajay Abdul Ali Somani Yeotmal 10 Manik Ram Chandra Wake Yeotmal 1 Name of Group Central Chanda Forests Chandrapur Address Village‐ Chandrakheda, Block‐ Bhadrawati Dist‐ Chandrapur Village‐ Kharola, Block‐ Yeotmal, Dist‐ Yeotmal Village‐ Patoli, Block‐ Kalam, Distt‐ Yeotmal Village‐ Kalamb, Block‐ Kalamb, District‐ Yeotmal Village‐ Ballansa, Block‐ Ballansa, Distt‐ Chandrapur 1 Mizoram Name of Group Mamit 2 Aizwal 1 Nagaland Name of Group Vihokhu SHG Village Development Committee Village Development Committee Dimapur 2 VBDC Dimapur 3 Lishit Sung Yong Bamboo Plantation Society Mokukchung 1 Odisha Name of Beneficiary Sambaru Chinda Bolangir 2 Tikena Majhi Bolangir 3 Gouda Majhi Bolangir 4 Babaji Mishra Bolangir 5 Janardan Goud Bolangir Mamit Forest Division Aizwal Forest Division Village‐ Vihokhu, Distt‐ Dimapur Village‐ Pushito, Distt‐ Dimapur Village‐ Lishit Sung Yong Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Village Barband, Devgaon, Bolangir Village Barband, Devgaon, Bolangir Village Barband, Devgaon, Bolangir Village Sirabahal, Deygaon, Bolangir Village Shivtola, Deygaon, Bolangir Page 100 Sr. No. State/Beneficiary 6 Ranjeet Kumat Mahanta District Mayurbhanj Address Village Asnabani, Block Samakuntha, Mayurbhanj Village Asnabani, Block Samakuntha, Mayurbhanj Village, Krishna Chandrapur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj Village, Krishna Chandrapur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj Village Chhachinapada, Betanati, Mayurbhanj Village Chhachinapada, Betanati, Mayurbhanj Bolangir Forest Division 7 Abhash Kumar Mayurbhanj 8 Ban Bihari Madhual Mayurbhanj 9 Pradeep Madhual Mayurbhanj 10 Bikram Mahanta Mayurbhanj 11 Murari Mishra Mayurbhanj 1 Name of Group Bolangir 2 Mayurbhanj 3 Basupati Self‐help Group 4 Gobardhan Sole Bamboo Development Group Joint Forest Management Comitttee Joint Forest Mayurbhanj Forest Management Committee Division Bolangir Village Shivtola, Deygaon, Bolangir Mayurbhanj Village Gobardhan Sole, Baripada, Mayurbhanj 1 Uttarakhand Name of Beneficiary Ram Prakash Udham Singh Nagar 2 Bhola Nath Udham Singh Nagar 3 Satish Kumar Udham Singh Nagar 4 Kishan Chand Udham Singh Nagar 5 Akhilesh Mishra Udham Singh Nagar 6 Omiyo Kumar Udham Singh Nagar 7 Pratap Singh Udham Singh Nagar 8 Sanjay Kumar Udham Singh Nagar Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Village Hardaspur, Gadarpur, US Nagar Village Kundan Nagar, Gadarpur, US Nagar Village Bari Rai, Gadarpur, US Nagar Village Bari Rai, Gadarpur, US Nagar Village Bukshora Gadarpur, US Nagar Village Bhra Nagar, Gadarpur, US Nagar Village Nazimabad, Rudrapur, US Nagar Village Pipliya, Rudrapur, US Nagar Page 101 Sr. No. State/Beneficiary 9 Dastar Singh District Udham Singh Nagar 10 Jitendra Singh Udham Singh Nagar 11 Jaideep Udham Singh Nagar 12 Kulwinder Singh Udham Singh Nagar 13 Sachin Kumar Udham Singh Nagar 14 Arun Kumar Udham Singh Nagar 15 Ravindra Nath Udham Singh Nagar 16 Balbir Singh Udham Singh Nagar 17 Pratap Singh Udham Singh Nagar 18 Tejpal Singh Udham Singh Nagar 19 Sewa Singh Udham Singh Nagar 20 Dalbir Singh Udham Singh Nagar 21 Raguvendra Singh Udham Singh Nagar 22 Dharm Prakash Udham Singh Nagar 23 Ram Yash Udham Singh Nagar 24 Ashish Kumar Udham Singh Nagar 25 Paramjit Udham Singh Nagar 26 Vinod Bahukhandi Pauri Garwal 27 Subodh Thapa Pauri Garwal Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
Address Village Shahdara, Rudrapur, US Nagar Village Shahdara, Rudrapur, US Nagar Village Bandia, Rudrapur, US Nagar Village Bandia, Rudrapur, US Nagar Village Devalia, Rudrapur, US Nagar Village Devalia, Rudrapur, US Nagar Village Pulsungi, Rudrapur, US Nagar Village Khambhari, Bajpur, US Nagar Village Shivpuri, Bajpur, US Nagar Village Badripur, Bajpur, US Nagar Village Gobra, Bajpur, US Nagar Village Bhauwa nagala, Bajpur, US Nagar Village Bhauwa nagala, Bajpur, US Nagar Village Deohari, Bajpur, US Nagar Village ‐ Buksora, Block ‐ Gadarpur , Dist.‐Udham Singh Nagar , Uttaranchal Village ‐ Gangapur, Block ‐ Rudrapur , Dist.‐
Udham Singh Nagar, Uttaranchal Village ‐ Sudesh , Dist.‐
Udham Singh Nagar , Uttaranchal Village Mawasa, Bhrugukhal, Pauri Garhwal Village Mawasa, Bhrugukhal, Pauri Garhwal Page 102 Sr. No. State/Beneficiary 28 Dinesh Singh District Pauri Garwal 29 Arjun Singh Pauri Garwal 30 Govind Singh Pauri Garwal 1 Name of Group Chatur Van Panchayat Pauri Garwal 2 Idamalla Van Panchayat Pauri Garwal 3 Ratkot Van Panchayat Pauri Garwal 4 Thapali Van Panchayat Pauri Garwal 5 Nakurchi Van Panchayat Pauri Garwal Address Village Ghunna, Pabo range, Pauri Garhwal Village Ghunna, Pabo range, Pauri Garhwal Village Mirthana, Borikhal Pauri garhwal Village Chatur Pauri Range, Pauri Garhwal Village Idamlla Satpaul Range, Pauri Garhwal Village Ratkot Birokhal Range, Pauri Garhwal Village Thapali Naugaon Range, Pauri Garhwal Village Nakurchi Gohari Range, Pauri Garhwal Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.
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