«Энергия молодых – экономике России»
adequately to the situation, to lead literate dialogue, to understand the communicative
intent of the speaker.
In the future, it seems, we should expect the transformation of rhetoric as a modern
discipline of semiotics into a more "precise" science, to the extent that the accuracy
criterion is applicable to the humanities. It is to be realized through a detailed quantitative
and qualitative description of the laws of the device of all existing types of text and speech
genres. You can create a detailed catalog of types of transformations of the expression and
the content of the plan, a description of all possible structural types of natural language
arguments. It is also interesting to study the potential prognostic rhetoric whether basing
on the capabilities of discipline it is possible to predict the quality of its emergence in
connection with the emergence of new areas of social practice, new speech genres and
types of text.
References.
1.
E-source http://revolution.allbest.ru/languages/00110506_0.html,
19.03.2013
2.
E-source http://www.roman.by/r-74213.html 19.03.2013
3.
E-source http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-role-of-rhetoric-insociety.htm 19.03.2013
4.
Анисимова Т. В. , Гимпельсон Е. Г. "Современная деловая риторика" –
М.: МПСИ, 2001.
5.
Дюбуа Ж. и др. Общая риторика. М., 1986
6.
Зарецкая Е.Н. Риторика. Теория и практика языковой коммуникации.
М., 1998
7.
Иванова С. Ф. "Специфика публичной речи" – М.: Знание, 1978.
8.
Кохтев Н. Н. "Риторика" – М.: Просвещение, 1994
9.
Мельникова С. В. "Деловая риторика (речевая культура делового
общения)": Учебное пособие. – Ульяновск: УлГТУ, 1999.
10.
Ножин Е. А. "Мастерство устного выступления" – М.: Политиздат,
1989.
PROFIT MANAGEMENT INNOVATION COMPANY.
Chuvatkin N.O, student
National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk
E-mail: Chuvatkinnikita@mail.ru
The main purpose of business - it is making a profit. The purpose of this paper is the
theoretical study of management profit innovative enterprise. The higher the efficiency of
the innovation of the company, the higher the profits of the enterprise. Profit is an
important indicator of enterprise performance, source of financial resources of enterprises.
Profit is directed primarily to the formation of the state budgetary resources, financing the
expansion of the business, financial incentives for employees, etc. Consequently, the profit
should be concerned about both businesses and the government. The profit is funding
development of the company, the improvement of the material and technical base,
providing all forms of investment. Activities of the company must be linked with growth
and stabilization of its profits for a certain period at a certain level. Profit as an economic
category describes a profitable enterprise, return on investment costs and use the property
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as a result of certain actions. The need to manage a profit due to the fact that the revenue
required for the development of the company and the interests of its owners and staff.
Profit management - a system of principles and methods for the development of
fundamental aspects of its formation, distribution and use in the enterprise. The structure
of the mechanism of profit management includes the following elements:
-market-regulating mechanism of formation and use of company profits;
-and state regulatory - legal regulation of the formation and use of the profit;
-diagram of the specific methods and means of implementing control the formation
and use of profits;
-internal mechanism regulating certain aspects of the profit management.
The main purpose of the mechanism of control of the company is a profit to the
enterprise profit given value under certain conditions.
The main sources of revenue of the enterprise are the monopoly position of the
enterprise, innovation and efficient production and business activities. [5]
Profit from the monopoly of the company due to the release of certain types of
products or its uniqueness. But if there are no antitrust public policy and fierce
competition, such income may distort the results of the company.
The profit obtained through efficient production and business activities, primarily
depends on knowledge of market conditions, the ability to adapt the development of
production under constant change of market conditions, the successful marketing of the
company.
The most reliable source of profit is the innovation company. Under the enterprise
innovation means constant release of innovative products or services, the adoption of
innovative organizational solutions, implementing innovative technologies. In this case,
the company provides an increase in profit, competitiveness, growth in sales.
Currently, with the growing competition innovation active enterprises more
influence on the success of business. Profits and financial stability of the company provide
new technologies, new ideas and products. In this regard, enterprises today are trying to
introduce new technologies in the production, launch new products, develop new services
provided, and the need to improve their quality and competitiveness. Today the company
to survive in the market at a competitive, you need to pay more attention on the innovative
development. [1]
Innovation in a broad sense implies a profitable use of the innovations that are in the
manufacturing, financial commercial or administrative. The innovations are in the form of
new technologies, products and services, organizational, technical and socio-economic
decisions must be made to improve the structure and quality of production and social
spheres.
Innovations are perceived as a means of modern enterprises increase profits and gain
a broader segment of the market. From the point of view of state government innovation
are considered a panacea for economic growth through increased competitiveness in the
world. While innovation should help move resources into profits and better performance.
[2]
Innovative enterprise is seen as a key force in the creation of innovation and
implementation of scientific and technological progress. A leading place among the many
different types of innovations to engage in scientific and technological innovation,
transforming the latest scientific ideas into industrial practice.
The order of the formation of profit innovative enterprise has its own features and
distinguishing characteristics.
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Structure of the economic gains of innovative enterprise can be represented by a
formula: P = Mon + SP (1), where P - the economic profit, th.; Mon - profit rate
expanded reproduction, th.; SP - an innovative profit, or profit, th.
Under the innovative company is understood the company, which develops,
manufactures and markets innovative products, products or services, and their monetary
value should be a significant part of the total volume of products or services.
Innovative profit is calculated as the amount of growth in economic profit
enterprise, provided the formula: PI = Δ (TR - TC) (2), where TR - total revenue, thous;
TC - total cost rubles.
The main factors determining the formation and dynamics of innovative enterprise
profits are revenues, costs and technology. These figures provide an innovative aggregated
impact on growth of the enterprise.
Based on the foregoing, we conclude that the innovation profit is profit enterprise,
which is obtained in excess of the general rate of return in the industry, as the effect of the
growth of innovative enterprises.
In the presence of innovative profit enterprise can break and to take advantage of an
imbalance in the industry, which is manifested in the reasonable increase in the price of
their own products, and changes in demand. In this case, the enterprise has created an
opportunity to determine the amount of product in the market. Consequently, innovative
enterprise creates for itself in the competitive market advantages that are similar to these
advantages of monopoly, as the formation of product prices and volume of the goods in
the market. The company uses a full and sets the economic effect of price changes and
maximize economic benefits, increasing the volume of output.
By one of the main aspects of managing a profit enterprises are rational and detailed
planning, ensuring the maximization of profits and efficient operation of the enterprise.
Under the profit planning is the process of developing a system of measures aimed at
ensuring its formation to the extent necessary and effective use, in accordance with the
objectives of the company in future periods. Determine the reliability of the planned profit
depends on the effectiveness of economic and financial activity.
Profit planning innovative enterprise has its own inherent characteristics. Profit from
innovation is always risky, because Innovative firms will always threaten the chance of
losing the capital invested in part or in full. Therefore, innovative enterprises in the
planning of profit recommended economic-mathematical model that will take into account
the risks and limitations in an uncertain market. This will improve the management of
return on innovation enterprise. [3]
The end result of the innovation of the company - making a profit at the expense of
innovation. In this case, an important role is played by the factor of time, as if the
company is late to the innovation, it is automatically placed in the category of simulators,
thus depriving it of profits. Therefore, managers of innovation projects need to invest
more resources to lead the competition.
Skillful combination of cost management and pricing and the novelty gives double
economic benefit.
To control costs must comply with the principle of efficiency, calculated by the
formula: E = P / W (4), where E - efficiency in general, th., P - (profit), thous., W - the
cost (resources), th.
In the innovation of the basic features include cost management cost management
for research and development activities, organizational and technical preparation of
production, introduction of new products into production. In order to effectively manage
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pricing innovative enterprises must develop a proper pricing policies. Under the pricing
policy is the process of price management, with set prices and options for changes
depending on the period. The price for a new product is determined after the analysis of
production costs, evaluate the perception of the new product buyers, somewhat unique
properties of the product, the degree of competition in the assessment of the market,
competitors' prices, etc. Profitability of the company, its market position and financial
stability is determined by the price. Therefore, it is necessary to define the algorithm
optimizing costs and pricing in order to ensure the profitability of innovative enterprise.In
this article the profit function, considered the concept of "innovation", "innovative
company", "innovative profit" defined value innovation to develop the enterprise in the
modern world. Author considers profit management on key aspects of its formation,
distribution and use of the innovation enterprise.
Список использованной литературы.
1.
Батьковский А.М. Мерзлякова А. П. Оценка инновационных стратегий
предприятия//Вопросы инновационной экономики - 2011 г.- № 7 (7)
2.
Зимин Д.П. К вопросу о модели инновационных процессов на
региональном уровне// Российское предпринимательство- 2012- № 18 (216)
3.
Мальщукова О.М Проблемы разработки инвестиционной политики
предприятия// Вопросы инновационной экономики - 2011г.- № 4 (4)
4.
Петров А.В. Инвестиционная политика региона: ориентация на
инновации // Креативная экономика - 2012. - № 7 (67).
Сорокин А. В. Резервы повышения эффективности инновационной
деятельности промышленных предприятий// Диссертация на соискание ученой
степени кандидата экономических наук. М.: МГИУ,2006.
SOME WAYS TO GOVERNMENT DEPT REDUCTION
Shaidurova S., student
National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk
E-mail: Svetik_privetik1@mail.ru
Government debt - the sum of debt issued and outstanding government loans.
Depending on the placement of the national debt is divided into internal and external.
Domestic public debt is the result of placement in the domestic market for
government loans. They are drawn up by the issue and sale of government securities.
Government securities are classified as: short-term treasury bonds (with a term for
repayment of up to 1 year), medium - notes (up to 5 years) and long-term bonds (over 5
years). Major holders of government securities are government agencies and foundations,
central and commercial banks, other financial institutions, the population. The share of
government securities up to 90% of the total public debt of developed countries.
External debt occurs when the state mobilization of financial resources from abroad.
Debt holders are companies, banks, governments of various countries and international
financial institutions (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development,
International Monetary Fund, etc.).
External debt burden is heavier than the burden of domestic debt. To cover the
country's external debt needed foreign currency for which you want to reduce imports and
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