ECA-ECE-ICAP Workshop: UN Road Safety Conventions and
Approaches to Preventing Drink Driving
Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road
Alibech Mireles Diaz
Transport Division, UNECE
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Contents
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Introduction
Packagings and tanks
Emergency response
Marks
Labels
Placards
Transport operations
Driver training
Driver training certificates
Vehicle construction and approval
Vehicle certificates
ADR
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Introduction
Dangerous goods:
Are produced and transported in very large quantities
Cover a very large range of products
Present risks for the population in general, property and
the environment (at all stages of their lifecycle)
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Introduction
Dangerous Goods (examples)
Class 1: Explosives
•Military ammunitions, bombs (all types)
•Industrial explosives (dynamite)
•Fireworks
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Introduction
Class 2: Divisions 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3
• Gases compressed, liquefied or refrigerated
• Div. 2.1: Flammable gases
(propane, LPG, cigarette lighters)
• Div. 2.2: Non-flammable, non-toxic gases
(air, oxygen, nitrogen, helium)
• Div.2.3: Toxic gases
(ammonia, chlorine)
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Introduction
Dangerous Goods (examples)
Class 3: Flammable liquids
• Petroleum products, paints, alcoholic beverages
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Introduction
Dangerous Goods (examples)
Class 4: Div. 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3
• Div. 4.1: Flammable solids (Sulphur, matches)
• Div. 4.2: Substances liable to spontaneous combustion (phosphorus; fish meal,
seed cake)
• Div. 4.3: In contact with water emit flammable gases (metal powders; sodium)
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Introduction
Dangerous Goods (examples)
Class 5: Div. 5.1 and 5.2
• Div. 5.1: Oxidizing substances
(Ammonium nitrate fertilizers,
hydrogen peroxide, bleaching agents)
• Div. 5.2: Organic peroxides (Dibenzoyl
peroxide, catalysts for polyester resin)
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Introduction
Dangerous Goods (examples)
Class 6: Div. 6.1 and 6.2
• Div. 6.1:
• Div. 6.2:
Toxic substances (Sodium cyanide, pesticides)
Infectious substances (Cultures for bacteria, viruses,
etc; medical diagnostic specimens, medical wastes)
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Introduction
Dangerous Goods (examples)
Class 7: Radioactive material
• Nuclear fuel,
• Uranium hexafluoride,
• Medical radioisotopes
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Introduction
Dangerous Goods (examples)
Class 8: Corrosive substances
• Sulphuric acid, Caustic soda, Car batteries
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Introduction
Dangerous Goods (examples)
Class 9: Miscellaneous
• Environmentally hazardous substances;
• Mobile phone/computer batteries…
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Introduction
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Introduction
1978, Los Alfaques (Spain)
•Substance involved: 43 m3 liquefied propylene;
•Mode of transport: by road;
•217 people killed; 400 yards devastated in all
directions.
1998, Yaounde (Cameroun):
•Substance involved: petroleum products;
•Mode of transport: by rail;
•220 people killed; 130 injured.
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Introduction
• Accidents have also negative effects on
the environment.
• Well-known examples are oil spillages:
– Torrey-Canyon;
– Amoco Cadiz;
– Exxon Valdez;
– Erika…
• Although small spillages of highly toxic
substances may also have disastrous
effects.
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UN Regulatory Framework
IMO
ICAO
RID/ADR/ADN Joint Meeting
(WP.15/AC.1)
OTIF
WP.15
WP.15/AC.2
UNMR Rev.18
(adopted in Dec. 2012)
Provisions implemented as from January 2015
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Packagings and tanks
Classic packagings
• Up to 400 kg/450 l, such as
drums, jerricans, boxes, bags,
etc.
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Packagings and tanks
IBCs and
large packagings
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Packagings and tanks
Tanks
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Hazard labels
Affixing appropriate hazard label(s) on the packages:
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4
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5.1
5.2
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Marks
Marking the UN (identification) number of the goods on the package,
and the “Proper Shipping Name”
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UN No.: 3082
Proper shipping name: ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, LIQUID, N.O.S.
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Placards
Affixing placards on the cargo transport units (vehicles, wagons,
containers, tanks) and displaying, either on these placards or on
separate orange plates, the UN identification number;
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Placards
Mark for carriage at elevated
temperature
Fumigation warning mark
COOLANT/CONDITIONER warning mark for
vehicles and containers
Placard for radioactive material (class 7)
Environmentally hazardous
substance mark
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Placards
ADR orange-coloured plate marking
with hazard identification number
and UN number
Hazard identification numbers
The hazard identification number consists of two or
three figures. In general, the figures indicate the
following hazards:
2. Emission of gas due to pressure or to chemical
reaction
3. Flammability of liquids (vapours) and gases or selfheating liquid
4. Flammability of solids or self-heating solid
5. Oxidizing (fire-intensifying) effect
6. Toxicity or risk of infection
7. Radioactivity
8. Corrosivity
9. Risk of spontaneous violent reaction
Doubling of a figure indicates an intensification of that particular hazard. Where the hazard associated with a substance can be
adequately indicated by a single figure, this is followed by zero. If a hazard identification number is prefixed by the letter "X", this
indicates that the substance will react dangerously with water.
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Transport Hazard Communication:
documentation
• Multimodal Transport document
• Providing details of the dangerous goods
offered for shipment:
• UN No., proper shipping name, hazard class
and subsidiary hazard, packing group
• Number and kind of packages
• Shipper’s declaration
• Shipper/consignor/consignee
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Emergency response
Emergency response information
For consignments for which a dangerous goods transport document is required, appropriate information
shall be immediately available at all times for use in emergency response to accidents and incidents
involving dangerous goods in transport.
The information shall be available away from the packages containing the dangerous goods and
immediately accessible in the event of an accident or incident. Methods of compliance include:
1.Appropriate entries in the transport document; or
2.Provision of a separate document such as a safety data sheet; or
3.Provision of a separate document, such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) “Emergency
Response Guidance for Aircraft Incidents Involving Dangerous Goods” or the International Maritime
Organization (IMO) “Emergency Procedures for Ships Carrying Dangerous Goods” and “Medical First Aid
Guide in Accidents Involving Dangerous Goods”, for use in conjunction with the transport document.
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Emergency response: North America
The Emergency Response Guidebook has several sections based on the
color of the pages:
1.The white section provides directions, emergency phone numbers, general
information and guidance.
2.The yellow section lists the chemicals based on their four digit ID and guide
numbers.
3.The blue section lists the chemicals in alphabetical order (a way for you to get
the four digit UN number and the guide page number also).
4.The orange section is the guide pages which provide emergency chemical
information, actions to take, personal protective equipment guidelines, fire
extinguishing material recommendations and isolation/evacuation distances;
these are known as the “guide pages”.
5.The green section provides distances for isolation and protective action
(evacuation and shelter-in-place distances) for chemical that are gases or will
travel as gases and a list of water reactive chemicals that will give off toxic gases
when in contact with water.
Emergency response
The CEFIC Emergency Response Intervention Cards (ERICards or ERIC's) provide
guidance on initial actions for fire crews when they first arrive at the scene of a
chemical transport accident without having appropriate and reliable product specific
emergency information at hand.
Emergency Response Intervention Cards information is structured according to a standard
format:
1. Page header with substance name, UN number,
hazard number, ADR label, ADR class,
classification code (hazard identification
number), packing group and ERICard number
2. Properties
3. Dangers
4. Personal protection
http://www.ericards.net/
5. Emergency response
‒ General measures
‒ Measures fabric outlet
‒ Measures in case of fire (if material involved)
6. First Aid
7. Special precautions in the recovery of dang. goods
8. Precautions for the use of aid
‒ Removal of protective clothing (Decon P)
‒ Cleaning of equipment (Decon G)
Training (UN Model Regulations)
• Human errors are the main cause of accidents.
• The UN Model Regulations (and related legal instruments):
(a) require training of all persons engaged in the transport of dangerous goods:
– in the contents of dangerous goods requirements;
– commensurate with their responsibilities; and
(b) lay down specific provisions regarding:
– general awareness/familiarization training,
– function specific training,
– safety training, records of training, etc.
• Training can be provided by the employer
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Training RID/ADR/ADN
•ADR requires:
– Training for drivers of road vehicles (ADR driver training certificate) (initial training
and refreshers courses); and
– Specific additional training for drivers of tank vehicles, vehicles carrying explosives
and vehicles carrying radioactive material.
•ADN requires:
– experts trained every 5 years be on board chemical and gas tankers
•RID/ADR/ADN also require the appointment of a dangerous goods safety adviser (DGSA)
holding a vocational training certificate.
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Means of transport
SOLAS, MARPOL certificates
ADR certificate
ADN certificate
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ADR
AGREEMENT:
– Done on 30 September 1957
– Entered into force on 29 January 1968
ANNEXES A AND B:
– Regularly amended since 1968
– Now amended every two years on the basis of UN Recommendations on
the Transport of Dangerous Goods
– Harmonized with other mode regulations (sea, air, rail, inland waterways)
– Latest edition in force since 1 January 2013
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48 contracting parties
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ADR: Structure
• Annex A (Parts 1-7), general provisions:
– Applicable to the goods themselves (classification, packing, tanks, labelling,
documents…)
– Relevant for all modes of transport
– Directly based on the UN Model Regulations
– Nearly identical to:
• RID (rail)
• ADN (inland waterways)
• IMDG Code (sea)
• ICAO TI (air)
– Conditions for application of additional rules
• for reasons other than safety during transport
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ADR: Structure
• Annex B (Parts 8-9)
– provisions concerning transport equipment and transport operations
specific to road transport
• Vehicle crew, including training
• Operation and equipment
• Supervision of vehicles
• Road tunnel restrictions
• Construction, approval and inspections of vehicles
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ADR
ADR = Safety + Security + Facilitation
– Allows carriers of one country to carry dangerous goods from this country
through and to any other Contracting Party country. No additional
requirements imposed by transit or destination countries;
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Mutual recognition of certificates:
Packaging certificates
Vehicle certificates
Tank certificates
Driver training certificates
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ADR
– Mutual trust and cooperation between Contracting Parties;
– High level of safety, but not excessive burden for countries;
– Possibility of negotiating derogations with other Contracting Parties
(bilateral/multilateral agreements);
– Open to all UN Member States (via accession).
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Working Party on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - WP.15
– All UNECE countries
– All UN Member States interested in ADR
– Voting rights for UNECE countries and Contracting Parties only
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ADR: implications for Parties
• Administrative procedures for:
– packagings, tanks and vehicles
approval/certificates
– dangerous goods safety adviser certificates
– driver training certificates
– enforcement (controls and checks; penalties)
– cooperation with other Contracting Parties
• Notifications to the UNECE secretariat
• Regular participation in the Working Party on the
Transport of Dangerous Goods (WP.15)
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ADR: application to domestic traffic
• Not required by ADR, but highly recommended
– (UNECE Inland Transport Committee, Resolution No. 200, 18.12.1959)
• ADR application to domestic traffic ensures:
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full compatibility of national and international regulations;
better performance of transport operators;
better compliance with safety regulations;
better enforcement.
• European Union: Directive 2008/68/CE (ADR, RID et ADN)
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Publications
http://www.unece.org/trans/publications/
dg_adr_2015.html
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/
publi/adr/adr_roadmap.html
http://www.unece.org/transport/resources/publications/transdangerpublidgpublications/2013/recommendations-on-the-transport-of-dangerous-goods-model-regulationsrev18/doc.html
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Thank you!
UNECE
Transport Division
www.unece.org/trans