Instinctive eye movement
The capacity of perceiving
movement helped us
survive during evolution.
Scientists have identified various parts of
the brain designed to
perceive movement
Akinetoskopia, the incapacity to see movement is
caused by the deterioration of these nerve cells
Read more:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/
releases/
2011/06/110622125700.htm
Is this movement
producing the need to
get into motion?
takes place in the
front lobe of the
cortex
In nature the role of
movement is to draw attention
When perceiving
movements all mamals
react naturally: noises;
disturbances; strange
shapes.
Our perceptual skills allow
us to react rapidly to any
changes in our
environment
NOT seeing danger equals
death
WHAT IS MOVEMENT IN ART
Movement is defined by
the TENSION between
the visual elements
Read more:
http://www.lpg.musin.de/
kusem/lk/gym8/b/sequb.htm
Marcel Duchamp
Nude Descending
the Staircase
Note how
movement appears
by the
accumulation of
elements
Bellow Gustav Klimt,
Death and Life
http://www.lpg.musin.de/
kusem/lk/gym8/b/sequb.htm
WHAT IS MOVEMENT IN ART
ACTION creates MOVEMENT
In narrative art action is IMPLIED. The activity within the visual field makes a
visible trajectory of subjects and objects
The direction the eye takes is INDICATED by the suspended movement of the
characters
Read more:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
The_Intervention_of_the_Sabine_Wo
men
Salvador Dali , Soft Construction with Boiled Beans
Note how
Salvador Dali
Nude Descending
uses a recognizable
action to create the
an impossible
sensation
See how Jaques-Louis David,
uses action to produce movement
Note how movement is both
EMOTIONAL and ACTIVE
WHAT IS MOVEMENT IN ART
CONTRAPPOSTO
The counterpose balances various
parts of the human body to give the
viewer the sensation of life and action
Read more:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Contrapposto
Greek kouroi
Above the Doryphoros, one of the
earliest representations in Greek
art
Note how movement progresses,
from the Egyptian pose; to the
kouroi; then to the Greek classical
sculptures
WHAT IS MOVEMENT IN ART
Movement and tension in
the visual field needs no
human presence. Abstract
art has internal
movement
Jackson Pollock
Jean Arp
Squares arranged
according to the Laws
of Chance
Note how Arp uses
shapes to give us
the sensation of
internal motion
Pollock and his action paiting
produced a revolution in
contemporary art
Movement is not the action
or narrative, but the act of
the painter
WHAT IS MOVEMENT IN ART
How is tension created?
by physical force
by conflicting forces
by emotional uneasiness
Marc Chagall
Allen Tate; art
critic
Wrote about the
fundamental role
played by tension
in art and poetry
For Tate the
tension is the
external and
internal conflict
of opposing
elements
EXTENSION
INTENTION
Note how Chagall
creates movement by
the unnatural position
of his characters
HOW MOVEMENT IS
GENERATED IN THE
VISUAL FIELD
The main subjects are
moving
Our eyes follow this
movement
Hilaire Germain
Edgar de Gas, known
as Edgar Degas
ARRESTED MOVEMENT
TIME STOPPED
Singer with a Glove
MOVEMENT defined by DIRECTION
The changing of direction
establishes the type of relationship
we have with the visual work
Below Hokusai, Wave of Kanagawa. Ascend and descend
Escher; Ascending and Descending
Directional
movement
Objects are
oriented towards
the upper part of
the visual field
(ascending) or
the lower part
(descending)
Each movement
gives an apparent
dynamic to the
whole work
Duchamp Descending the Stairs
ART MOVEMENTS
Kinetic art - artistic movement integrating moving parts in an instalation
or art object
Read more: http://
en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Kinetic_art
Bicycle Wheel, by
Marcel Duchamp
is considered to
be the first kinetic
art object
MOVEMENT defined by DYNAMISM
In Greek dynamos means power. By conveying the sensation of power, the elements in
the visual field make us feel more attuned to the subject. Dynamism meant ideology.
Filippo Tommaso
Marinetti invented
the futurist
movement
Futurist artists
were preocuppied
by the creation of
dynamic works of
art
Giacomo Balla, Gril Running on Balcony
MOVEMENT defined by EMPHASIS
Putting the emphasis
on various elements
generates movement
Goya
Special attention makes the emphasised
elements stand out and start to move
Vincent van
Gogh
The painter puts
a strong
emphasis on the
stars and this
creates the
strange
sensation of
movement
Toulouse-Lautrec; At the Mou
MOVEMENT defined by REPETITION
REPETITION is the
accumulation of
similar elements
Damien Hirst
This British
painter uses
repetitions of
simple elements
to generate
internal
movement
Damien Hirst, Tuberculosis
A PATTERN IS THE SIMPLEST REPETITIVE ELEMENT
The PATTERNS are re-occuring
motifs, visual repetitions
designed to give, by variation
or continuation, order to the
visible world
Patterns in nature
Alan Turing
the mathematician
who invented the
modern computer
language,
elaborated a
complex language
of patterns,
showing how
nature operates
with repetitive
patterns
A MOTIF IS THE REPETITIVE ELEMENT TURNED INTO a THEME
The MOTIF of a visual
object becomes repeated
until it turns into a THEME
Read more:
http://
en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/
Motif_(visual_arts)
Christian art used Pieta as a painterly and visual motif
MOVEMENT defined by RYTHM
TYPES OF RYTHM:
RANDOM RYTHM: The repetitions occur in such a rythm that makes no apparent sense
REGULAR RYTHM: The rythm of repetitions is predictible; behaves in orderly fashion
ALTERNATING RYTHM: The rythm changes in intervals
In animation the
repetition of frames
creates the illusion
of movement
Phenakinoscope by Muybridge
Andy Warhol uses
repetition and
alternating color
changes to
produce an
alternating rythm
for his famous
Marylin poppainting
MOVEMENT defined by RYTHM
Repeating the elements
provides the illusion of
movement
The birth of cinema is linked to
the rythmic motion of frames
Read more: http://www.grandillusions.com/articles/
persistence_of_vision/
Watch the center of
these image. At some
point they will start to
move!
MOVEMENT defined by RYTHM
Eadweard Muybridge discovered a fundamental principle of
movement: it can be decomposed in elements, rythmic repetitions
of actions
In Greek
rythmos means
repetitive
movement
Read more: http://
fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Eadweard_Muybridge
Stop motion (frame-byframe) animation is an
animation technique which
manipulates objects to make
them them move.
Photographed frames are
joined to creating the illusion
of movement, when played as
a continuous sequence.
Read more: http://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Stop_motion
Wallace and Gromit, a famous claymotion
ANIMATION AND MOVEMENT
At 12 frames per second our eyes perceive the succession of images;
yet, at a faster rate, the movement becomes natural and continuous.
Movement by sequencing was practiced since ancient times; on the
right sequence drawings from early primitive paintings to the sketches
of Leonardo da Vinci on flying
Read more: http://
en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Animation
On the left the
classical
“jumping ball”
animation.
If moved at 10
frames per
second, the
ball seems to
jump
Read more: http://
www.bradshawfoundation.com/inora/
divers_43_1.html
FLOWING
RYTHM
Henri Matisse - Dance
Matisse plays
upon the flow of
bodies and colors
opposing the
background
Gustav Klimt uses
vawe like forms to
generate visual
rythms
ART MOVEMENTS
Fluidism - artistic movement where the
movement of the subject and the materials
used in the work of art are integrated.
Fluidism comes from the most important fluid,
water.
Read more: http://
robertkernodle.hubpages.
com/hub/FLUIDISM-TheFormal-Naming-Of-AnInformal-Art
Robert Kernodle