GAMBARAN BIAYA DAN EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBIOTIK PASIEN
RAWAT INAP Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) SEBELUM DAN
SETELAH PENERAPAN JAMINAN KESEHATAN NASIONAL DI RSUP
DR. SARDJITO YOGYAKARTA
INTISARI
Pneumonia adalah peradangan yang menyerang parenkim paru, ditandai dengan
reaksi inflamasi berupa alveolitis dan penggumpalan eksudat yang dapat ditimbulkan oleh
bakteri. Antibiotik adalah terapi utama pada pneumonia. Penggunaan antibiotik yang
tidak tepat menimbulkan resistensi sehingga perawatan pasien menjadi lebih lama, biaya
pengobatan lebih mahal, dan penurunan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan. Jaminan Kesehatan
Nasional melalui Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial merupakan sistem asuransi
kesehatan yang bertujuan agar masyarakat dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dasar kesehatan
yang layak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola penggunaan antibiotik,
gambaran biaya antibiotik dan efektivitas antibiotik pada pasien rawat inap CAP sebelum
dan setelah penerapan JKN di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan
penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Data diambil secara retrospektif
dari catatan rekam medik dan Unit Teknologi Informasi RSUP dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta.
Subyek penelitian ini adalah pasien rawat inap Januari 2013-Juli 2014 dengan 30 pasien
yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Gambaran biaya dilihat berdasarkan antibiotik yang
digunakan pasien selama di rawat inap. Efektivitas antibiotik dinilai dengan
membandingkan hasil laboratorium awal dan akhir dari White Blood Cell dan neutrofil,
jika mengalami penurunan maka terapi efektif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pola
penggunaan antibiotik dan efektivitas antibiotik sebelum dan setelah penerapan JKN
tidak jauh berbeda. Pola penggunaan antibiotik terbanyak yaitu seftriakson dan
azitromisin, dengan efektivitas antibiotik 95% pada pasien pre-JKN dan 100% pada
pasien JKN. Rata-rata biaya antibiotik pada pasien pre-JKN Rp. 267.137 dan JKN Rp.
568.830,3. Persentase biaya penggunaan antibiotik dibandingkan biaya keseluruhan obat
pada pasien pre-JKN adalah sebesar 2,87% dan pada pasien JKN adalah 5,51%.
Kata kunci: Gambaran biaya antibiotik, CAP, Efektivitas antibiotik, RSUP Dr. Sardjito
Yogyakarta
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THE REPRESENTATION OF THE ANTIBIOTICS COST AND THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIBIOTICS IN UNDERGOING THE
HOSPITALIZATION PATIENTS Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)
BEFORE AND AFTER THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL
HEALTH INSURANCE IN DR. SARDJITO HOSPITAL YOGYAKARTA
ABSTRACT
Pneumonia is inflammation which attacks the lungs parenchyma, characterized by an
inflammatory reaction in the form of alveolitis and exudates clotting that can be caused
by bacteria. Antibiotic is the main therapy of pneumonia. The improper use of antibiotic
which can cause resistance that the treatment to the patient becomes longer, the cost of
treatment becomes more expensive, and ultimately it causes the declining quality of
health care. National Health Insurance through Social Security Institution is a health
insurance system which has purpose for the people in order to fulfill the proper basic need
of health. The purpose of this study is to know the pattern of antibiotic using, the
representation of the antibiotics cost, and the effectiveness of antibiotic in undergoing the
hospitalization patients of pneumonia before and during the applying National Health
Insurance in dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. This study is a descriptive study using the
cross sectional. The data are obtained retrospectively from medical record and
Department of Information Technology Unit in dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. The
subject of this study is the undergoing hospitalization patients in January 2013 to July
2014 with 30 patients who appropriate the inclusive criteria. The representation cost is
seen based on the antibiotic which is used by patient during the hospitalization. The
effectiveness of antibiotic is valued by comparing the first and last laboratory’s result
form White Blood Cell and neutrophils, if they are decreasing so the therapy is effective.
The result of this study indicates that the pattern of antibiotic using and the effectiveness
of antibiotic before and during applying National Health Insurance is not that different.
The highest pattern of antibiotic using are ceftriaxone and azithromycin, with 95%
antibiotic effectiveness to the patients before National Health Insurance and 100% to the
patient during National Health Insurance. The average cost of antibiotics in patients preJKN Rp. 267.137 and JKN Rp. 568.830,3. The cost percentage of antibiotic using that
compares with the cost of all medicines to patient before National Health Insurance is
2,87% and to the patient during National Health Insurance is 5,51%.
Keywords:
The representation of the antibiotics cost, community of pneumonia, the
effectiveness of the antibiotics, Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta
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