From 2-D to 3-D
Chapter 9
Molecular Geometry
1
Moving on to Shapes
•
A chemical formula tells us
The identity of atoms
The number of atoms
•
The Lewis structure tells us
The identity of atoms
The number of atoms
How the atoms and electrons are arranged.
•
The molecular geometry tells us
The identity of atoms
The number of atoms
How the atoms and electrons are arranged
The 3-d shape of that atom arrangement.
2
VSEPR Model
• Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
• A fancy name for a simple model.
• A model used to sort out how the bonding and
nonbonding electrons orient themselves in
three dimensions
In the model, pairs of electrons arrange
themselves to get as far away from each other as
possible in order to minimize their negative
repulsions.
3
Vocabulary
• Electron Domain
 a region around a central atom where electrons are
likely to be located.
Bonding pair - a pair of electrons between two nuclei.
Unshared pair (nonbonding pair, lone pair) - a pair of electrons
Multiple bonds - double or triple bonds make up a single
domain.
• Consider O3
 three domains around the central oxygen.
Bonding pair
Unshared pair
Multiple bond
4
Electron Domain Geometry
•
•
•
•
2 domains
Build it with a styro-ball and 2 toothpicks
Linear
Angle
 180º
5
Electron Domain Geometry
•
•
•
•
3 domains
Build it with styro-ball and 3 toothpicks
Trigonal Planar
Angles
 120º
6
Electron Domain Geometry
• 4 domains
• Build it with styro-ball and 4 toothpicks
• Build it with the model kit. Find a ball with 4 holes.
Stick in 4 stubby gray bonds
• Tetrahedral
• Angles
 109.5º
7
Electron Domain Geometry
•
•
•
•
•
5 domains
Build it with styro-ball and 4 toothpicks
Build it with your model kit. Use the ball with 5 holes.
Trigonal bipyramidal
Angles
 120º
 90º
 180º
8
Electron Domain Geometry
•
•
•
•
•
6 domains
Build it with styro-ball and 4 toothpicks
Build it with the model kit. Find the ball with 6 holes.
Octahedral
Angles
 90º
9
Five Fundamental Domain
Arrangements
10
Molecular Geometry
What is the shape of the atoms?
• AB2 Example:
 CO2
 SCN−
 C 2H 2
• 2 electron domains
 Linear domains
• 0 nonbonding domains
• Linear molecule
• Bond Angles
 180º
11
Molecular Geometry
What is the shape of the atoms?
• AB3 Examples
 BF3
 CH2O
 NO3−
 (CH3)2CO
• 3 electron domains
 Trigonal planar
• 0 nonbonding domains
• Trigonal planar
molecule
• Bond Angles
 120º
12
Molecular Geometry
What is the shape of the atoms?
• AB2 Examples:
 O3
 NO2−
• 3 electron domains
Trigonal planar
• 1 nonbonding domain
• Bent molecule
• Bond Angles
< 120º
the unshared pair takes up more space and
repels the bonding domains closer together.
13
Ozone
• O3
• 3 domains = trigonal planar domains
• 1 unshared pair = bent molecule
14
Molecular Geometry
What is the shape of the atoms?
• AB4 Examples
 CH4
 CF2H2
• 4 electron domains
Tetrahedral
• 0 nonbonding domain
• Tetrahedral molecule
• Bond Angles
 109.5º
15
Molecular Geometry
What is the shape of the atoms?
• AB3 Examples
 NH3
 PCl3
• 4 electron domains
 Tetrahedral
• 1 nonbonding domain
• Trigonal pyramidal
molecule
• Bond Angles
 < 109.5º
16
Molecular Geometry
What is the shape of the atoms?
• AB2 Examples
 H 2O
 CH3OH
• 4 electron domains
 Tetrahedral
• 2 nonbonding domain
• Bent molecule
• Bond Angles
 << 109.5º
 Two unshared pairs take up even more space and
force the bonding domains closer together.
17
Bond Angles
• Resketch the molecular shapes of CH4, NH3,
and H2O.
• Consider the bond angles.
• Unshared pairs take up more space than
bonding pairs.
18
More on Bond Angles
• Sketch the Lewis structure for CCl2O.
• Consider the bond angles.
• Multiple bonds bulge and take up more space
that single bonds.
19
Build a Trigonal Bipyramidal Structure
• Consider the five positions different or the same?
• There are two different positions in
this expanded octet molecule
 2 Axial positions
 3 Equatorial positions
20
Molecular Geometry
What is the shape of the atoms?
• AB5 Example
 PCl5
• 5 electron domains
 Trigonal bipyramidal
• 0 nonbonding domain
• Name?
 Trigonal bipyramidal
molecule
• Bond Angles
90º, 120º, 180º
21
Molecular Geometry
What is the shape of the atoms?
• AB4 Example
 SF4
• 5 electron domains
 Trigonal bipyramidal
• 1 nonbonding domain
• Name?
 See saw molecule
• Bond Angles
< 90º, < 120º, 180º
180º
22
Where does the unshared pair
end up?
Always the equatorial position
•
•
•
The unshared pair takes up more space.
Repulsion forces are minimized if the unshared pair is
in the equatorial position.
Only 2 (not 3) of its nearest neighbors are 90º away
23
Molecular Geometry
What is the shape of the atoms?
• AB2 Example
 ClF3
• 5 electron domains
 Trigonal bipyramidal
• 2 nonbonding domains
• Name?
 T-shape molecule
• Bond Angles
< 90º, 180º
180º
24
Molecular Geometry
What is the shape of the atoms?
• AB2 Examples
 XeF2
 I3-1
• 5 electron domains
 Trigonal bipyramidal
• 3 nonbonding domains
• Name?
 Linear molecule
• Bond Angles
180º
25
Molecular Geometry
What is the shape of the atoms?
• AB6 Example
 SF6
• 6 electron domains
Octahedral
• 0 nonbonding domain
• Name?
Octahedral molecule
• Bond Angles
90º, 180º
26
Molecular Geometry
What is the shape of the atoms?
• AB5 Example
 BrF5
• 6 electron domains
 Octahedral
• 1 nonbonding domain
• Name?
 Square pyramidal molecule
• Bond Angles
 < 90º
27
Molecular Geometry
What is the shape of the atoms?
• AB4 Example
 XeF4
• 6 electron domains
 Octahedral
• 2 nonbonding domains
• Name?
 Square planar molecule
• Bond Angles
 90º, 180º
28
2, 3, 4 domains
4-tetrahedron
3-trigonal planar
4-trigonal pyramid
3-bent (~120)
4-bent (~109.5)
2-linear
2 atom molecules:
29
5, 6 domains
5-trigonal bipyramid
octahedral
5-see saw
square pyramid
5-T-shape
square planar
5-linear
30
SO3 CO
NO3 O2
ClO
N2O
CO2
−
−
CO − CO
O22− SO
NO
ClO
3
3 −2
− N
−O
+
−SCN AsF
CH 4 NH
SF
XeF
4 − CI2H2
54
CN
CO2 6SO3BrF5NO3ClO
CH2O 4O
NO
SOCO
3
2
2
−−−
SO
O2 − SCN
−
CO
ClO
N
−
2
2O
SO
NO
ICl
BrF
NO
Cl
−
3
3
− SCN
4
4
CO
O
CO
2
2
ClO
N
O
O3 ONO
−2
CO
2O
2 ClO− SON22O
2
CO
O
2
ClO
N2O
−
−
−
CH2O−
O
SO
3− 2 NO
2 − 3 SONO
2 2−
CO
O
3
2
2−
+
SCN
CO
tetrahedron
trigonal
planar
ClO
N
O
−
+
23 4 H
−
ClO
NH
CI
4 ClO4SO
3 CH
3O
2 H2
4 SOSO
2 4 NH
H2 O
O3 ICl4NO2BrF
2NO
−
−
SO
NO3−−
−
3
SCN
CO
SO
NO
−
2
−
3
3
SO
NO
3
3
SCN
CO
+
SCN
CO2 + CH2O
CH
O
NO
O3O NO−2
SO
2O
3
− 32
NO
BF
NO
− 2 SO3
O4− ClO
CH− 4 −CH
NH4 NHCO
CI
NO
+ 2 H2
CF
−
3
2
SCN
CO
CO
O
−
ClO
N
O
2
2
CI
2
4
4
4
2 H2
ClO
−
2− SO3 2− NO
+
O
−
2
3
ClO
N
O
− 2 + SCN
SO
SO
NH
H
O
−
−
CO
+
4
3
3
3
O −CHO22O BF
2
O
NO
SO
3
2 SeF2
N2OCI22H
ClO
H O ClO
NO
2 O2
oops
−
O4
CH4 ClO3NH
CF
ClO−
N2O
4NO
2 3
3H O3 2 CO
CH
NO
SO
−
2O
2
2
CH
O
O
NO
SO
2
3
2
2
−
SFClO
4 4−SeCl
4+ 4
CH
NH4+ CI2H2 CH−−2O
O3
NO42−− SO
iF
PCl
2−5
2− 5
+oops
2−
2−
ClO
CH24 SONH
−
SO
NH
H
O
NH
−
4 − SO4 3 SO
3 NO
− 3− 3 H3O ClOCH
3
O
O
NO
SO
−
SeF
H
O
ClO
2
3
2
2
−
3
3
2
2
2
SO
SCN
CO
3NO3 CH
3 2O+−
2
3
N 2−
COSO
OCO
NO
SO
CO
2− 2−
3H ClO
2 NO
− 2SO3
+
2ClO
3
−
SCN
+
CH
NH
CI
H
CH
NH
CI
2
−
−
+
−
4
2SF
2
44 3 CH4NH
4 NH
2 2
SO
SeCl
3 4 NO3
O4 ClO
SO
3 4 H4CI
3O
SiF54 SCN
PCl4 5 CO
2 H2
2 4
trigonal
pyramid
bent
(~120)
2−
+
−
− − 2−
−
+
−
−
SO
SO
NH
H
O
ClF− 3 ClO3SF
IF
SF
SeCl
4
3
3
3
3SeF2−XeCl
2
2
4
4
ClO
CH
NH
−PCl
H
O
ClO
4+
4
42− CI2H2−
2
SiF
25
25
−
+
−
O23O SeF
H
O
ClO
2−
2−
−2
+SOCH4 NHNHH
SO
SO
NH
O3 2−2 −NO22−2 SO
ClO
CI
H
2
4
3
4
4
2
2
SO
O
CH
O
O
NO
+
4
3
3
3
ClO
CH
NH
CI
H
2
3
2
4
4
4
2
2
O3 −SO
SO
2−
2−
+
2
2
SONO
SO
NH
H
O
4
3
3
3
−
−2−
4
3 2O NH
3 2 − H3 O
ClF3 −CHSF
XeCl
IF
O3
SeF
3
2 NO
2SOH
O
O
SO2
2
3
2
CHClO
O
O
NO
SO
2
3
2
2
−
−
−−
+
ClO
SeF
H
ClO
2−
+
− 2 ClO
−
−2O
−
3
2
+
2−
O
CH
NH
CI
H
SeF
H
ClO422−
4
4
4
2
2
2−
2−
+ 3
−
− 3 2− XeCl
SO
NH
H
O
3
2 IF2
2O SO
ClF
SF
3
3
SiF
2
+
I3 ClO3SF
−
+
6+SeF2 BrF
6O3 42−
6
−
H2SO
ClO
SO
SO
NH
H
O
2
4 3
3
3
SO3
NH
H33O
ClO
CH
ClO
SeF
43
4 − 2 NHH
4 2
CH4
NH
CI2H2
− 4
−
CO
O
2
+ 2−
+
− ClO −
ClO
N2O
ClO3
SeF2 H2O ClO2
CH
SF
BrF
SiF
I
4 6
4 6 NH
4 6 CI2H2
3
−
+
2−
2−
+
CO
O22H2 ClO−
ClO
CH
NH
CI
N2O
SO
NH
H
O
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
(~109.5)
linear
sF6bent
BrF
SF
XeF
SeF
H
O
ClO
+ SeF
2−H2ClO
2−
2− 2
− 3
5
5
4 2 ClO
3
2
2
O
ClO
ClO
SeF
H
O
ClO
2−
+
3
2
2
2
2
SO
SO
NH
SF6
BrF6 −SiF6 CO
I3
4−
3
3−
O3
NH3 H3O
−
O
− SCN
SO
NO
2
3
3
ClO
N
O
2−
2−
+
CO
2
AsF
BrF
SF
XeF
2
6 SO4 5 SO3 5
NH3 4 H3O
−
−
−
O3
SeF2 H2O ClO2
−
SO
NO
3
3
SCN
CO
2−
2−
+
2
−
−
SO
SO3
NH
H3 O
3
−
− − 4 ClO2
Cl
BrF
NO
4
4
ClO3− SeF2−− H2O
AsF
BrF5
SF5 − XeF4− − −
SeF2
H2O ClO
2 6
CH
O SO
O33 2− NO23
SO2
ICl4 ClO
BrF
NO
SCN
2
SeF
H2ClO
3 4
2 CO
2O 2 ClO
−
CH
O
NO
SO2
2O
3
2
+
−
−
NOClO
BF3
NO
−
−
O 2ClO
2 NOH2CO
+
3HSeF
+ 22
BrF
−CO4−
4 3CF
4
−4CO
O
Two
atomICl
molecules,
ClO
CH
NH
O
NO
2HO
2
BF3 ClO
NOCH
2 4−
ClO
N
O
ClO
NCI
2
CF
H
2O
O
O
NO
SO
3
2
3
2
2
oops
always linear
ClO4−
CH4 oops
NH4+ CI2H2
N−
linear (2 atoms)
linear octahedron
24 e24 eoctahedron
octahedron 16 edouble bondoctahedron
16 etrigonal planar
trigonal planar
linear
linear
10 e- 24 e12 e24 e1 double
1 double bond
14 e16 e- bond
16 elinear (2 atoms)
linear (2 atoms)
trigonal planar
trigonal planar
linear (2 atoms)
linear
r
linear
triple bond
double bond
1
double
bond
1
double
bond
10 e12 e24 e- 14 e24 e16 e16 elinear16
(2e-atoms)
linear
(2 atoms) trigonal planar
planar
24 e24 e-trigonal32
linear
linear
8
8 e20 e48linear
e48
e- (2 atoms)
48 ee- linear
48e-e16 e1 double bond
1 double bond
triple bond16 edouble bond
trigonal planar
trigonal planar
18 e18 e18 etetrahedron
tetrahedron
(1 unshared pair)
(1 tetrahedron
unshared pair) 24 e- (2tetrahedron
unshared pair)
inear
linear(3 unshared pair)
trigonal planar
bent 120º
bent 120º
bent 120º
1 double bond
10 eoctahedron1 double bond
square pyramid
square pyramid
square planar
24 e10 e- 24 e12 elinear (2
atoms)
16 e16 e14 e16 e1018
e- e12 e- 18 elinear (2
atoms) planarlinear (2 atoms)
trigonal
trigonal planar
triple
bond
14 e- linear 18 e- 16 elinear (2 atoms)
linear
10bond
e12 elinear
linear (2 atoms)
linear (2 atoms)
triple
double
bond
14 e1 double bond
1 double bond
lanar
bent 120º
bent 120º linear (2 atoms) bent 120ºlinear
linear (2 atoms)
linear (2 atoms)
triple
double
bond
24
e- bond
18 e18 e- 10
18 e- 1224
linear (2 atoms)
24e-ee- etriple bond
double bond
16 e16 e14 e16 etrigonal
planar
bent 120º
bent
120º
bent
120º
trigonal
planar
planar
linear
linear
32 e8 e8 e20 e32
e- (2 atoms)
26
8 e8 e48 e-linear 18 e48
e- (2 atoms)
11trigonal
19ee-(2 atoms)
linear 18 elinear
linear
24 e18 etetrahedron
tetrahedron trigonal pyramid
tetrahedron
tetrahedron
bond
double
bond
1triple
double
bond
1 double
bond trigonal
tetrahedron
pyramid
trigonal
pyramid
(2 unshared pair)
(2 unshared
pair)
free radical
nal planar
bent 120º
bent 120º
bent 120º free radical
24 e24 esquare planar
square planar
double bond − linear
16 e-bent
16 e-
ple bond
48 e(3 unshared pair)
octahedron
48atoms)
elinear (2
(1triple
unshared
bondpair)
square pyramid
12 elinear
48(2e-atoms)
double bond
(2 unshared
pair)
16
14 ee48 elinear
(2 atoms)
linear
2, 3, 4 domains
24 e24 etrigonal planar
trigonal planar 18
24 e1 double
bond
1
double
bondbent
20 etrigonal planar
trigonal planar
16 esquare planar
linear
trigonal planar
16 e-bond
16 e1 double
18 e18 e- 1 double bond
linear
linear
24
e8 e8 ebent 120º
bent 120º
24
e24
e10 e12 e16 e16 e32
e8 e-tetrahedron
8 e- tetrahedron 20 e(exception)
dron
tetrahedron
14
e16
etrigonal
planar
trigonal
planar
12 elinear 24 e-26 elinear24 8e-e32 atoms)
e8 elinear 16
(2e-atoms) tetrahedron
linear
tetrahedron
tetrahedron
14 e16 e- tetrahedron
16 e- (2
12 etrigonal
1 double
bond
1 double
bond planar
linear
(2 atoms)
linear
ar
(2 atoms)
14 18
e- e16 e- 18 e24 e18 tetrahedron
etrigonal
planar
trigonal
pyramid
pyramid
trigonal
26 e-linear
e-trigonal
8trigonal
e- planar
20 e-pyramid
atoms)
linear (2linear
atoms)(2 atoms)24 elinear
10
e-linear
triple
bond
double
bond 20
10 e12 elinearbent
(2 atoms)
linear
32
e-bond trigonal planar
8 e8 e20 euble
1
double
bond
1
double
bond
26
e120º
bent
120º
bent
120º
14 e24 e- 109.5º
18 e18 e18 etrigonal pyramid
bent
bent
distorted
109.5º
bent
109.5º
bond
double bond
(exception)
(triple bond)
linear (2 atoms)
linear (2 atoms)
rahedron
tetrahedron
tetrahedron
24 tetrahedron
e18 e- tetrahedron 18 e18 elinear (2 atoms)
trigonal
planar
bent 120º
bent 120º
bent 120º
trigonal planar
linear
triple bond
double bond
trigonal planar
bent 120º
bent 120º
bent 120º
16 elinear
16 elinear
linear
e120º
linear
16 er
linear
32 erahedron
32 e40 e40 e40 e- 8 e4020
e-e- 26 e26 e20 e40 tetrahedron
e40pair)
e- pyramid
trigonal
(2
pair)
pair)
trigonal18
pyramid
bent18109.5º
bent distorted
bent 109.5º
-hared pair)
e- unshared
e- 8(3e-unshared
18
e- 109.5º
20
e20(3
e-unshared
trigonal
bipyramid
trigonal
bipyramid
planar
bent
120º
bent 120º
bent
120º
32
e- 109.5º
8 e-shape
T-shape
linear
linear
ramid
bent
109.5º
bent
distorted
109.5º
bent
32 e26 e8 e18 e18 e18 e- 8 etetrahedron
bent
8 e8 e40
e40 e32 e8 etrigonal pyramid
trigonal pyramid
(132
unshared
pair)
(1
unshared
pair)
8 e-tetrahedron
20 e-tetrahedron
32 e-e26 e- 8 e8 e8 ee20 e- saw
see8 saw
tetrahedron
tetrahedron
tetrahedron
trigonaltetrahedron
pyramid seetrigonal
pyramid
trigonal pyramid tetrahedron
tetrahedrontrigonal pyramid
tetrahedron
trigonal pyramid
120ºtrigonal pyramid bent 120º
ent 120º
32 e- 20 e26 e- 8 e8 e- 20 e26 etrigonal pyramid
al pyramid tetrahedron
bent 109.5º trigonal
bentpyramid
distorted 109.5º
bent 109.5º
24 e-
8 etrigonal pyramid
tetrahedron
free radical
double bond − linear
24 e24 e-planar
trigonal
10planar
etrigonal
110double
bond
e-
24 e18 planar
etrigonal
bent 120º
1 double
bond
12
e-
(triple bond)
20 e24 e18 etetrahedron
trigonal
planar
bent 120º
18 e- 8 e18 20
e- e18 ebent120º
distorted
109.5º
bent
109.5º
18 etrigonal planar
bent
bent
120º
bent 120º
trigonal planar
trigonal planar
24
e24 elinear
32 e-bent 120º
8 e20 etrigonal
planar
bent20
120º
bent 120º 8 e32
e-trigonal planar1 double8bond
e-trigonal planar
ee168 e16 e- tetrahedron
1 double
bond
24 e-40 e40
e32 e8 etetrahedron
tetrahedron
tetrahedron
26 e- bond 8 e8 e- bond
8 e- 20 e1
double
1
double
trigonal
trigonal
planar16 e16 e-40
40 e- planar
etetrahedron
tetrahedron
tetrahedron
tetrahedron
tetrahedron
tetrahedron
linear
linear
planar pair)
(1 unshared pair) trigonal
(1 unshared
trigonal pyramidtetrahedron
trigonal pyramid
trigonaltetrahedron
pyramid
linear bipyramid
trigonal
bipyramid
1 double
bond trigonal
1 double bondlinear
1 doublesee
bond
see saw
saw
18 e32 ebent
120º
26 etrigonal pyramid
48 ehared
26 e- pair)
tahedron
onal pyramid
yramid
48 e20 ehared
pair)
ent 109.5º
are planar
24 eception)
onal planar
48 e(1 unshared
8 e- pair)
square pyramid
pyramid
trigonal
20 ebent 109.5º
8 e- 32 etrigonal pyramid
8 etrigonal pyramid
48 e- tetrahedron
26 e-
20 etetrahedron
26 e-
48 e8 e(2 unshared
pair)
bent distorted 109.5º
square planar
20 ebent 109.5º
32 e-
18 etrigonal
bent
120º pyramid
10 e8 elinear
(2 atoms)
tetrahedron
triple bond
8 etrigonal
pyramid
8 e-
8e
18 ep
bent trigonal
120º
octahedron
12 eelinear 20
(2 atoms)
tetrahedron
double
bond 26 e-
26 e-
square pyramid
16 e8 linear
e-
square pyramid
24 etrigonal planar
1 double bond
16 elinear
8 e-
11 e19 e26 e20 e- 48 etetrahedronfree radical
pyramid 48 e-trigonal pyramid 48 e- trigonal pyramid
48 trigonal
efree
radical
trigonal pyramid
bent
109.5º
24
(3 unshared
pair)
(1 bent
unshared pair)
(1 unshared pair)
(2 unshared pair)
24 e- 19 e18eedouble
bond − linear
48 e48 e11
e16 e- 20 e16 e- 8 e26 eeplanar
planar
bent 20
120º
octahedron
square pyramid
square pyramid
(2 unshared pair) square
(2planar
unshared pair) linear free radical trigonal
free radical trigonal
linear
trigonal pyramid
bent 109.5º
bent
distorted 109.5º
bent 109.5º
1 double bond
24 etrigonal planar
square planar
double bond − linear
18 ebent 120º
26 e20 e8 e20 e26 e48 e48 e11 e19 e12 etetrahedron bent 109.5º
24 e- 10 e10 etrigonal
pyramid
bent
distorted
109.5º
bent
(2 unshared pair)
(2 unshared pair)
free radical linear (2 atoms)
free radical linear (2109.5º
24 e(exception)
(triple bond) atoms)
square planar
square planar
double bond − linear triple bond bent
double
bondplanar
trigonal
trigonal planar
32 e-
linear
8 e-
bent
18 ebent 120º
triple
bond
bent
120º
20 ebent 109.5º
24
e18 etrigonal
planar
bent 120º
1 double bond
8 ebent distorted 109.5
18 ebent 120º
18 ebent 120º
10 ee128e32
e14 ee26 e- 16 linear
linear
(2eatoms)
18 e-(2 atoms)
18
tetrahedron
tetrahedron
linear (2 atoms) tetrahedron
linear
8 e-
8 etrigonal24
pyramid
etrigonal planar
1 double bond
square planar
24 etrigonal planar
1 double bond
8 e8e
tetrahedron
bent
distort
16 elinear
20 e-
tetrahedron
bent
14
e- 109.5º
linear (2 atoms)
14 e16 elinear (2 atoms)
linear
20 e8 e20 e26 e- 8 e20 e-20 e8 e20 ee26bent
e- 109.5º
48 e- 109.5º bent bent
48 e- bent distorted
trigonal
pyramid bent 109.5º
bent 109.5º
bent32
distorted
109.5º
bent distorted
109.5º
trigonal
pyramid
109.5º
109.5º
10
e12
etetrahedron
trigonal
pyramid
24 eoctahedron
octahedron
1416e-e16 ee- 48 e48 e48 e- linear (2 atoms) 48 e- linear (216
atoms)
trigonal planar
32 e26 e8 e8 elinear
linear
linear (2
atoms)
linear
(3 unshared pair)
(1 unshared pair)
(1
unshared
pair)
(2
unshared
pair)
1 double bond
triple
bond pyramid
double
bondpyramid
tetrahedron
trigonal
trigonal
trigonal pyramid
8 etetrahedron
square planar
10 e(triple bond)
linear
8e
24 etetrahe
trigonal planar
1 double bond
18 ebent 120º
48 e- 20 e(1 unshared
pair) pyramid
(2 unshared
pair)
48bent
e- 109.5º
e8 e- 40 trigonal
square
pyramid
square
planar
octahedron
trigonal
pyramid
octahedron
8 ebent distorted 109.5º
18 e
bent21
14 e- tetra
18 eebent8 120º
8 etetrahedron
32 e-
linear
24 etrigonal planar
1 double bond
24 e
trigonal19
1 double
free
b
linear (2 atoms)
16tetrahedron
elinear
40 e40 e40 e40 e24 e18 e18 e18 e(2 unshared
pair)
(2 unshared pair)
(3 unshared pair)
(3 unshared pair)
18 etrigonal planar 18 e- bent 120º
bent 120º
bent 120º
T-shape
T-shape
linear
linear
trigonal planar
bent 120º
bent 120º
26 e20 e8 e20 e8 e8 e20 e26 e20 e8 e20 etrigonal
pyramid
bent
109.5º
bent
distorted
109.5º
bent
109.5º
32 e26 e8 e40 e40 e40 edron
tetrahedron
tetrahedron
26 e20 ee2048
e- e48 e- tetrahedron
48 40
e-8 etrigonal pyramid
bent 109.5º
distorted 109.5º
40 e32 e- 8 e26 e-8 bent
8 e- bent 109.5º
8 e32 e26pair)
eetetrahedron
trigonal pyramid
trigonal
trigonal pyramid
bent 109.5º
bent
distorted pair)
109.5º
bent
109.5º
32 e- pyramid
(2
unshared
(2
unshared
(3
unshared
pair)
(3
unshared
pair)
octahedron
octahedron
octahedron
tahedron
26 e8 e8 e20 epyramid
trigonal pyramid
trigonal pyramid
tetrahedron
trigonal pyramid tetrahedron
trigonal pyramid trigonal
trigonal
pyramid
tetrahedron
10 e12 eT-shape
T-shape
linear
linear
trahedron
trigonal
pyramid
26 e- tetrahedron
20 e-tetrahedron
8 e20 elinear (2 8atoms)
linear (220
atoms)
32 e-48 e8 e- 48 ee- 48 ee40 etrigonal pyramid
bent 109.5º
bent distorted 109.5º
bent 109.5º
triple
bond
double
bond
tetrahedron
tetrahedron
tetrahedron
tetrahedron
octahedron
octahedron
octahedron
octahedron
dron
linear (2 atoms)
double bond
tetrahedron
16 e-
24 etetrahedron
trigonal
planar
tetrahedron
16ee16
11 elinear
linear
(2 unshared pair)
square planar
linear (2 atoms)
linear
triple bond
16 elinear
40 e40 e- 8 e32 e8 e40 e40 e(1 unsharedtetrahedron
pair)
(1 unshared
pair)
tetrahedron
32
e26
e8
e8tetrahedron
e26
e8
e8
eal bipyramid
trigonal bipyramid
26
e20 e24
esee saw24 esee saw
24
etetrahedron
pyramid
pyramid
trigonal
pyramid
dron
trigonal
trigonal
pyramid
trigonal
pyramid
24 e- trigonal
24 e-trigonal
16 e- pyramid
trigonal pyramid
24 e18 e18bent
e- 109.5º
14 e
4
linear (2
(2 unsh
squar
48atoms)
elinear (2
(1
unshared
double
bondpair)
square pyramid
double
bond
bent 120º
20 e-
8 e-
10 e-
20 e-
12
14 e16 e(2 atoms) tetrahedron
linear (2
18 linear
etetrahedron
linear (2 atoms)
linear
triple bond
bent 120º
double
31
−
40 etrigonal bipyramid
− SF
−
ClF3
SF3− SiF
XeCl
IF
5 2 PCl
52
−
4 3−SeCl
4 2
XeCl
IF
PClClF
2
5 −3 SFSF
−
SF3
XeCl
SF
BrF6+ SiF6
I3−2 IF
2 6
40 etrigonal bipyramid
(1 unshared pair)
T-shape
see saw
(1 unshared pair)
T-shape
see saw
5, 6 domains
SiF5−
ClF3
linear
linear
40 e40 e40 e40 e-40 e40 e- 40 e(1 unshared
(2 unshared pair)
(2 unshared pair) trigonal
(3 unshared
(3 bipyramid
unshared pair)
bipyramidpair) trigonal
see sa
40 e40 eT-shape
linear
linear
40 e40 e- 40
e40T-shape
e40 e40 e(1 unshared pair)
(1 unshared pair)
trigonal bipyramid
trigonal bipyramid
(2 unshared pair)
(2 unshared pair)
(3 unshared pair)
(3 unshared pair)
see saw
see saw
40 e40 e4040
e-e4048
e- e48linear
e48 eT-shape
T-shape
linear
(2 unshared pair)
(2 unshared pair)
(3 unshared
pair)
(3 unshared
pair)
octahedron
octahedron
octahedr
octahedron
− −
ClF3 +SF
SF
3 5
2−XeC
SiF
P
SeCl
4
4
PCl
BrF
SiF
−5
6
6
ClF3
SF3 − XeClSF
IFBrF
2
2
+
2−
−
−
SiF
I
6
6
6
3
−
+
2−
−
SFSF
AsF466 SiF
BrF
SF5
XeF
SF
SiF
PCl
4I
44 6 SeCl
BrF
6 5
5
5 3 SeCl
SiF5−
PCl
5
SF4
SeCl4
SiF5−
PCl5
− − − SFClF3 BrF
−S
− ClF3
I
SF
XeCl
IF
6
3
3
2
2
AsF
BrF
SF
XeF
6
5
4
2− −5
−
−BrF +
SF
SiF
I
AsF
BrF
SF
XeF
6
6
6
3 − −
6
− − −5 XeF
−
−
AsF
BrF
SF
ICl
BrF445−
NO 4 ClO
ClF
SF
XeCl
ClF
SF
XeCl
32 6 IF
2 54
3
33
2 2 5 IF
see saw
square
−
− pyramid −
−
ClF
SF
XeCl
IF
3SF
3 4
2
2
− SiF −
S
AsF
BrF
SF
I
SeCl
SF
SeCl
6
5
5
3
4
+
2−
−
4
4
PCl
SiF5
PCl
5 5
5
−
−
SF
BrF
SiF
I
6
6
6
3
−
−
ICl
BrF
NO
ClO
2
− SF5
−4XeF4
AsF6 − BrFICl
5 −4
BrF
NO
ClO
4
4
2
+
ICl
BrF
ClO2
NO
BF
+− 4
2− +4 SF4NO
2−3SeCl4NO
−
CF3H
−I3−
SF
SeCl
SF
BrF
SiF
SiF
PCl
SF
BrF
SiF
4
4
6
6
6
I
5
5
6
6
6
−
SiF
PCl
3
− 5
−
5
−
−
AsF
B
−
−
ClF
SF
XeCl
IF
33
3
2 2
2
+
2−
−
ClF3
SF
XeCl
IF
−
− 4 6 NO
2
ICl
BrF
oops
4
SF
BrF
SiF
I3
SF5
XeF4
6
6AsF6 + BrF5
−6
−
−
SF
SeCl
NO
4
4
BF
NO
PCl
IClSiF
+ ClO2
CF3H
4 5 BrF
4 +5 3 NO
NO
BF
NO
NO
−BF3
− NO
T-shape
square
planar
3
−
−
CF
H
−
−
CF
3H
− 2 SF
ClF
SF
IF2 3oops
ClF
SF
XeCl
IF
32
34 − XeCl
2
3
3 BrF
AsF
XeF
6
5
5
AsF
BrF
SF
XeF
−
5
4
+6
2− 5
−
ICl
B
SF
SiF
I
+ BrF
2−
4
−
6
6
6
+
oops
3
oops
− SiF6
−
SF6
BrF
−
−
I3
NO
BF
NO
6
AsF6
BrF5
SF5
XeF
ICl4
BrF4 −3 NO
ClO2
− 4
+
ClF
SF
XeCl
IF
SF
SeCl
3
3
2
2
4
4
PCl5 −
NO
BF−3 2− NO
oop
CF2−3H
+
+
−
−
−
−
SF
BrF
SiF
I
SF
BrF
SiF
I
6
6
6
3 ICl
62
6
6
SF
NO
ClO
4BrF
4 54 − XeF
43 4−
4 5SeCl
PCl
−5 AsF6SF
−BrF
ICl
BrF
NO
ClO
BF3
N
oops
4
2
AsF
BrF
SF
XeF
6
5
5
4
+
−
−
BF
3 + NO 2− NO
−
ICl
BrF
NO
ClO
CF3H
4
4
2
linear
− −
I
3
−
SF
BrF
SiF
SF3−AsF
XeCl
IF
6
6
6
−
−
2
2
BrF − SF5 AsF
XeF
SF5
XeF4
6 4 BrF5
oops
− ICl4− 6 BrF4− 5 NO
ClO
+
2
SF
XeCl
IF
−3
−BF
NO
+
NO
2
2
3
CFNO
ICl4
BrF4
NO BF
ClO
3H
3 2 NO
CF3H
+
−
NO
−
BF3−
NOoops
oops
AsF
BrF
SF − XeF
trigonal bipyramid
T-shape
−
octahedral
−
SF
−I3 SiF5
6
T-shape
linear
linear
40 e40 e40 e40 e40unshared
e40unshared
e(2
(2
pair)
(3
40 e- 48 e40unshared
e48pair)
e- (1 unshared
48
e40 etrigonal
bipyramid
trigo
pair)
(1 unsharedlinear
pair
T-shape
T-shape
40 e40 e- octahedron trigonal
40 e-bipyramid
40 e-bipyramid
octahedrontrigonal
octahedron
see saw octahedron see saw
(2 unshared pair)
(2 unshared pair)
(3
unshared
pair)
(3
unshared
pair)
48 e48 e48 e40 e48 e48 e48 e48 e40 e40 eT-shape
T-shape
linear
linear
octahedron
octahedron
40
e- e- 40 e40
eoctahedron
48 e48
e48octahedron
e40
40 e4040
e- e(3 unshared
pair)
(1 unshared pair)
(1 unshared pair)
(2 unshared
(1 unshared
pair)
(1
unshared
pair)
(1
unshared
pair)
(1
unshared
pair)
octahedron
octahedron
octahedron
octahedron
trigonal
bipyramid
trigonal bipyramid
trigonal bipyramid
trigonal
bipyramid
square pyramid
square pyramid
square pla
40 e- seesee
40 eseeoctahedron
saw
sawsaw
40 e40 e- see saw
40 e(1 unshared pair)
(1 unshared pair)
etrigonal bipyramid
trigonal bipyramid
40 e40 e- 40 e40 e- 48(2eunshared pair)40 e- 48
(2 un
see saw
48see
e- saw(2 unshared pair)
48 e- (2 unshared
48 e- (3 unshared
e- (3 unshared
octahedron
octahed
octahedron
pair)
pair)48
pair
T-shape
(3 unshared pair) T-shape
(1 unshared pair) T-shape
(1 unshared pair) linear(2 unshared pair) linear
48 e- 48 e48 e- 48 e48 e40 e48 e- pyramid
48
e- planar
octahedron
square pyramid
square
square
48 e48 e48 eeoctahedron
octahedron
(3 unshared
pair) octahedron
(1 unshared
(148
unshared
pair)
(2 unshared
pair)
48 e- pair) octahedron
48 e11 e19 ee40
e40
e40 e4040
e- e4040
e40
e(3 unshared pair)
(1 unshared
pair)
(1 unshared
pair)
(2 unshared
octahedron
square
pyramid
squarepair)
pyramid
square
planar
(2
unshared
pair)
(2
unshared
pair)
free
radical
free radi
(2 unshared pair)
(2(2
unshared
pair)
(3 (2
unshared
pair)
pair)
unshared
pair)
unshared
pair) (3 unshared
(3 unshared
pair)
pair)
octahedron
square
pyramid (3 unshared
square pyramid
square planar
square planar
square planar
double bond − linear
bent
T-shape
T-shape
T-shape
T-shape
linear
linear
40 e40 e- 40 linear
40 e- linear
40 e40 e- 40 ee48 e48 e- 40 e48 e40 e40
e40
e40 e40 e(2 unshared pair)
(2 unshared
pair) pair) (3 unshared pair)
(3 unshared pair)
pair)
(1 unshared
oc
octahedron
(3
pair)
(1
pair)
(1
(1 unshared pair)(1 unshared
(1 unshared
pair)
48unshared
e48unshared
e48unshared
e40 ebipyramid
gonal bipyramid trigonal
trigonal
bipyramidtrigonal bipyramid
see saw see saw
see saw
T-shape
linear
48 linear
e48 e11 e19 eseeT-shape
saw
octahedron
square pyramid
square pyr
octahedron
octahedron
octahedron
octahedron
48 e48 e48
e48 e(2 unshared pair)
(2 unshared pair)
free radical
free radical
48
48 e19 e(3 unshared pair)
(1 unshared 48
pair)
(1 unshared11pair)
(2 unshared
pair)
48 ee- e- planar
e19
e-11 esquare
square
planar
double
bond − linear
bent
unshared
pair)square
(2 unshared
free
radical
free radical
24
e- pair)
10 eoctahedron
pyramid
pyramid
square
planar
(2 unshared pair) square
(2(2
unshared
pair)
radical
radical
40 e- free
40
e- free
26 e40 e40ee- e4840
e- e- 40 e4840
e- e48
40 esquare
planar
square
planar
double
bond
−
linear
bent
(exception)
(triple
bond)
48
e48
48
e40 e40 esquarepair)
planar
square planar(1 unshared
double
bond − linear
pair)
(1 unshared pair)bent
tetrahed
(1 unshared pair) trigonal
(1 unshared
bipyramid
trigonal
bipyramid
octahedron
octahedron
octahedron
octahedron
48
e40
e40
e40
e40
etrigonal bipyramid
trigonal bipyramid octahedron
linear
octahedron
octahedron
seeoctahedron
sawtrigonal planar see saw
see
saw
see saw
40 e40 e40 e40 e48 e48(3e11
(2 unshared pair)
(2 unshared pair)
(3 unshared pair)
(3 unshared pair)
unshared pair)
(1 eun
unshared pair)
(2
unshared
pair)
(3
unshared
pair)
(3
unshared
pair)
48
e48
e48unshared
e48free
e- squa
48
e48
e48
e40
eT-shape
T-shape
linear
linear
octahedron
(2 unshared pair)
(2
pair)
rad
T-shape
T-shape
linear
linear
(3
unshared
pair)
(1
unshared
pair)
(1
unshared
pair)
(2
unshared
pair
octahedron
octahedron
octahedron
octahedron
40 e-10 e40 e-planar
square
square planar
double bond
24 e48 e- 40 e48 e- 40 e11
19
e-pyramidpair)
octahedron
square
square pyramid 26 e- square planar
(1 eunshared pair)
(1 unshared
(exception)
(triple
bond)
trigonal
bipyramid
trigonal
bipyramid
24
e10
e24 e10 e(2 unshared pair)
(2 unshared pair)
free radical
free radical
tetrahedron
26
see saw
seee-saw
26
e40 e40 e-(triple
40 e40 e40 e40 e40
etrigonal
linear
(exception)
bond)planar
(exception)
bond) 40 e- bent
square
planar
square
planar
double
bond (triple
− linear
48 e48 e48
e48
etetrahedron
tetrahedron
pair)
(3 unshared48
pair)
(3 unshared pair)
(2 unshared pair)
(2 unshared pair)
(3 eunshared pair) (2 unshared
(3 48
unshared
pair)
48
e- pair)
48 trigonal
ee- linear
trigonal
planar(2 unshared
linear planar
(3 unshared
unshared
(1 unshared
pair)
(2 unshared
pair)
48 e48 pair)
e- T-shape (1(3
48 e- pair)
48unshared
e-T-shape
40 e- T-shape
linear
linear
linear
linear
unshared
pair)
(1
pair)
(1 T-shape
unshared pair)
(2
unshared pair)
octahedron
square
pyramid
square pyramid
square planar
octahedron
octahedron
octahedron
(2e-unshared pair)
(2 un
48 e48 e48 eoctahedron
40 e24
e10
octahedron
square pyramid
square pyramid
square planar
octahedron
octahedron
octahedron
48 e48(exception)
e11(triple
esquare planar 19 e- squ
48 e48 e48 e48 eoctahedron
bond)
unshared
(2 unshared
free radical
free radical
(3 unshared pair) 40 e(1 unshared pair)
(140
unshared
pair)
(2 eunshared (2
pair)
e40
40 pair)
e40 pair)
e- planar
trigonal
linear
40 e40 e24(2e-unshared
10
esquare
planar pair)
square
planar pair) double bond − linear
bent
octahedron
square
pyramid
square
pyramid
square
planar
pair)
(2
unshared
pair)
(3
unshared
(3
unshared
26 e(1 unshared pair)
(1 unshared pair)
(exception)
(triple bond)
id
trigonal bipyramid
T-shape
T-shape
linear
linear
48 e48
e40 etetrahedron
48
e48
e48
esee saw 48 esee saw
40 etrigonal
planar
40 e- 48 e40 e- 48
48 e-octahedron
48 e- octahedron
48 ee- octahedron
48
e11 e19linear
eoctahedron
octahedron
octahedron
octahedron
octahedron
40 e48
e48
11 e19 e24 e(3 unshared
pair)
(1
unshared
pair)
(1unshared
unshared
pair)
(2 unshared
pair)e(1
unshared
pair)
(1
unshared
pair)
(2
unshared
pair)
(2
pair)
free
radical
free
radical
48 e- bipyramid
48 e48 e48 etrigonal
octahedron see saw square pyramid see saw
square
pyramidpair)
square
planar
(exception)
(tr
(2
unshared
(2
unshared
pair)
free
radical
free
radical
unshared pair)
(1 unshared pair)
(1 unshared pair)square(2
unshared pair)
square planar
planar
double bond − linear
bent
trigonal planar
planarplanar
square planar
double bond − linear
bent
24 e10 eoctahedron
square pyramid
square pyramid squaresquare
26 e48 e48 e11 e19 e(exception)
(triple bond)
40
e− radical
tetrahedron
(2
unshared
pair)
(2
unshared
pair)
free
free
radical
48
e48
e48
etrigonal planar
linear
40 e40 e40 e-48 e48 e48 ee(348unshared
pair) 48 e48 esquare
square
planar 48 e-double bond − linear
octahedronbent 48 e- octahedron
octahedron
r)
(2 unshared 48
pair)
unshared
pair) planar
pair)
(3e-unshared(3
pair)
pair)(3 unshared
(1 unshared
pair) 19 e(2 unsharedlinear
pair)
48(1
e-unshared
11 e(3 unshared pair)
(1 unshared pair)
(1 unshared pair)
(2 unshared pair)
octahedron
square pyramid free radical
square planar
linear
linear
(2 unshared
pair)40 e- (224
unshared
pair)pyramid
40 e- T-shape
40 e-free
e- square
10radical
eoctahedron
square pyramid
square pyramid
square planar
e48unshared
e11
19 e26 esquare planar
doublepair)
bond
−elinear
bent 10 e(2 48
unshared
pair)square planar
(3
pair)
(3eunshared
24
(exception)
(triple
bond)
unshared pair)
(2 unshared pair)
free radical
free radical
26
etetrahedron
T-shape
linear
(exception)
(triple bond)
trigonaldouble
planarbond − linear
square planar
square planar
linear linear bent
tetrahedron
trigonal planar
linear
24 e10 e48 e48 e48 e48 e48 e11 e19 e- 48 e26 e48
e-radical
(exception)
(3
unshared pair) 48 e(1 unshared pair) 11 e-(1 unshared pair) 19 e- (2 unshared pair)
24(2e-unshared pair)
10(2
e- unshared
pair)
free (triple
radical bond)
free
tetrahedron
26 e48 e48 e-bond)
48 e-bond −linear
pair)
(2 unshared
pair) pyramidfree radical
free radicalsquare planar
octahedron
square
square pyramid
trigonal
planar double
(exception)
square planar (triple
square planar
linear (2 unshared
bent
5 3H
−2 6
− CF
ICl
BrF4 NONO
ClO
2− ICl
BrF
NO
4
4
SiF
CF
H
6
3
2−
oops
NO
BrF6 NO
SiF6oops
CF3H
4
NO6++
SFBF
6 3 + BrF
+
BF
36
SF
tetrahedron
square planar
square planar
double bond − linear
5
ClO2
bent
4
32
Unit I
Chapters 8 & 9
The “clicker” Review
The molecular geometry of SO32− is
(Before you decide, draw a Lewis structure.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
trigonal pyramid
trigonal planar
square planar
tetrahedron
octahedron
T-shaped
see-saw
bent
linear
34
The molecular geometry of SO32− is
(Before you decide, draw a Lewis structure.)
26e−
−
− − −
O −S − O
−
−
O
−
−
−
−
trigonal pyramid
trigonal planar
square planar
tetrahedron
octahedron
T-shaped
see-saw
bent
linear
−
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
tetrahedron domains,
1 unshared pair ∴
trigonal pyramid
35
The hybridization around the Si
atom in SiS2 is
(Before you decide, draw a Lewis structure.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
sp
sp2
sp3
3
sp d
sp3d2
36
The hybridization around the Si
atom in SiS2 is
(Before you decide, draw a Lewis structure.)
16e−
− Si −
S ＝ ＝S
−
sp
sp2
sp3
3
sp d
sp2d2
−
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2 domains,
∴ sp hybridization
37
The hybridization around the S
atom in SO2 is
(Before you decide, draw a Lewis structure.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
sp
sp2
sp3
sp3d
sp3d2
38
The hybridization around the S
atom in SO2 is
(Before you decide, draw a Lewis structure.)
− − −
O − S＝O
−
−
sp
sp2
sp3
sp3d
sp3d2
−
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
18e−
3 domains ∴ sp2
39
The bond angles in SO3 are
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
120º
Less than 109.5º
Greater than 109.5º
Less than 120º
Both greater than and less than 120º
40
The bond angles in SO3 are
120º
Less than 109.5º
Greater than 109.5º
Less than 120º
Both greater than and less than 120º
−
−
O
O−
− S＝
−
−
−
24e−
−
−
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3 domains,
and the unshared pair
bulges and thus takes
up more space
O
−
However, perhaps the resonance that causes equal bond
lengths will also blend the bond angles
41
Which of the following molecules are polar?
A) CF4
B) CH3F
C) CH2F2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
All of them are polar
Both B + C are polar
Only A is polar
Only B is polar
Only C is polar
42
Which of the following molecules are polar?
A) CF4
B) CH3F
C) CH2F2
All of them are polar
Both B + C are polar
Only A is polar
Only B is polar
Only C is polar
−
−
H− C − F
−
F
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
H− C − F
−
H
−
−
−
F −C− F
−
−
F
−
Remember the shape is
tetrahedron, not a planar
cross, so do NOT place the
F’s opposite in the cross
structure and think that the
polarity crosses out − the
polarity is asymetrically
arranged.
H
H
−
−
−
−
F
−
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
43
The IF2− ion has how many shared
electron pairs, and how many unshared
electron pairs around the central I atom?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2, 1
2, 2
2, 3
3, 1
3, 2
44
IF2− ion has how many shared electron
pairs, and how many unshared electron
pairs around the central I atom?
−
F−−
− I
−
−−
−
22e−
−
2, 1
2, 2
2, 3
3, 1
3, 2
−
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
F
−
45
The electron domain geometry on the
central atom of this molecule is
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Trigonal planar
Trigonal bipyramid
Tetrahedron
Trigonal pyramid
Linear
46
The electron domain geometry on
which this molecule is based is
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Trigonal planar
Trigonal bipyramid
Tetrahedron
Trigonal pyramid
Linear
−
The trigonal pyramidal
shape must be caused by
an unshared pair.
47
Select the atom(s) below that could
possibly be the central atom of this
molecule. Select all that apply.
1. C
2. P
3. O
4. Al
5. There is no way of knowing
48
Select the atom below that could
possibly be the central atom of this
−
molecule.
1. C
2. P
3. O
The unshared pair and three
4. Al
bonding pair mean that the
5. There is no way central atom must have 5
valence electrons.
of knowing
Maybe….it could be C if you
consider the unshared pair to
be a single electron = free
radical
49
The shape of the
electron domains in this
molecule can be
Select all that apply.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Trigonal planar with no unshared pairs
Trigonal bipyramid with 2 unshared pairs
Tetrahedron with 1 unshared pair
Trigonal pyramid with 1 unshared pairs
None of the above
50
The shape of the
electron domains in this
molecule is most likely
1. Trigonal planar with no unshared pairs
2. Trigonal bipyramid with 2 unshared pairs
• This is not a valid choice because trig bipyr
unshared pairs are in the equatorial positions
not axial, so 2 unshared pair would be T-shape
3. Tetrahedron with 1 unshared pair
4. Trigonal pyramid with 1 unshared pairs
5. None of the above
51
For each molecule, how many unshared
pair are on each molecule?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
0, 0, 1
1, 1, 3
2, 0, 1
2, 1, 3
1, 0, 1
52
For each molecule, how many unshared
pairs are on each molecule?
0, 0, 1
1, 1, 3
2, 0, 1
2, 1, 3
1, 0, 1
−
−
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
−
53
What are the total number of
nonbonding pair(s) of electrons on the
central Si atom of SiS2?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1
2
3
4
0
54
What are the total number of valence
nonbonding pair(s) of electrons on the
central Si atom of SiS2?
− Si −
S ＝ ＝S
−
1
2
3
4
0
−
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
55
Chemistry Humor
56
In the molecule HCN, how many σ and
how many π bonds total?
1. 2 σ, 0 π
2. 1 σ, 1 π
3. 2 σ, 1 π
4. 2 σ, 2 π
5. 2 σ, 3 π
57
In the molecule HCN, how many σ and
how many π bonds total?
1. 2 σ, 0 π
4. 2 σ, 2 π
5. 2 σ, 3 π
2σ
H− C ≡ N
−
2. 1 σ, 1 π
3. 2 σ, 1 π
2π
58
The hybridization of the sulfur
in methyl mercaptan is
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
•
sp
sp2
sp3
sp3d
sp3d2
methyl mercaptan (also known as ethanethiol) is a
colorless gas with a smell like rotten cabbage. It is
released from animal feces. It occurs naturally in
certain foods, such as some nuts and cheese. It is
also one of the main chemicals responsible for
bad breath and the smell in flatulence. It is added
in very small quantities to CH4, an odorless gas,
so that leaks will be detected.
59
The hybridization of the sulfur
in methyl mercaptan is
sp
sp2
sp3
sp3d
sp3d2
There are two unshared
pairs on the S
−
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
•
−
60
Draw a valid Lewis structure for butanol.
How many isomers can be drawn only
making alcohols?
• Enter a number.
61
Draw a valid Lewis structure for butanol.
How many isomers can be drawn for this
molecule?
• 4
62
Draw a valid Lewis structure for pentane.
How many isomers can be drawn for this
molecule?
• Enter a number.
63