6/18/2015
Show-Me GOLD
4
Enabling Learning Objective
ELO 1
ACTION: Determine the Eight (8) Steps of the TLPs.
RISK ASSESSMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSIDERSATIONS
TERMINAL LEARNING
OBJECTIVE
ACTION: Conduct Troop Leading Procedures (TLP’
’s).
CONDITION: Given an Instructor, Training Materials,
classroom Environment and Reading Assignments.
STANDARD: Conduct Troop Leading Procedures (TLP’
’s) IAW
ADRP 3-0 Unified Land Operations, 5-0 The Operations
Process and ADP 3-0 Unified Land Operations, 5-0 The
Operations Process and Achieve a minimum Passing Score
of 80% in Overall testing.
CONDITION: Given an Instructor, Training Materials,
classroom Environment and Reading Assignments.
STANDARD: Conduct Troop Leading Procedures (TLP’
’s) IAW
ADRP 3-0, 5-0 and ADP 3-0, 5-0 and Achieve a minimum
Passing Score of 80% in Overall testing.
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
The dynamic process used
by small unit leaders to
analyze a mission,
develop a plan, and
prepare for an operation.
ADRP 3-0
ADP 5-0
1
6/18/2015
PARALLEL PLANNING
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
2. ISSUE WARNING ORDER
First WARNO includes at a minimum
Type of operation
General location of operation
Initial operational timeline
Reconnaissance to initiate
Movement to initiate
Planning & preparation instructions and timeline
Information requirements
Commander’
’s critical information requirements
FM 3-21.10
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES – 8
STEPS
1. Receive mission
2. Issue warning order
3. Make a tentative plan
4. Initiate necessary troop movement
5. Conduct reconnaissance
6. Complete plan
7. Issue OPORD
8. Supervise
ADRP 5-0
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
1. RECEIVE MISSION
determine units’
’ missions
assess the time available
conduct an initial analysis of
the order using METT-TC
FM 3-21.10
3. MAKE A TENTATIVE PLAN
- Mission Analysis
- Course of Action Development (COA)
- COA Analysis
- COA Comparison
- COA Selection
FM 3-21.10
2
6/18/2015
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
4. INITIATE NECESSARY
TROOP MOVEMENT
7. ISSUE OPORD
This step can be
executed at any time
throughout the
sequence of the TLP
FM 3-21.10
FM 3-21.10
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
8. SUPERVISE
Rehearsal considerations
5. Conduct Reconnaissance
Information confirms, adjusts or denies current
intel
Reduce-force
Full-dress
Type of rehearsal
Confirmation brief
Backbrief
Combined arms rehearsal
Support rehearsal
FM 3-21.8
FM 3-21.10
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
FM 3-21.10
Enabling Learning Objective
ELO 2
ACTION: Conduct A Mission Analysis using METT-TC
6. Complete plan
CONDITION: Given an Instructor, Training Materials,
classroom Environment and Reading Assignments.
• Expand selected COA into OPORD
• Update the tentative plan based on
recon
STANDARD: Conduct A Mission Analysis using METT-TC IAW
ADRP 3-0, 5-0 and ADP 3-0, 5-0 and Achieve a minimum
Passing Score of 80% in Overall testing.
• Prepare briefing sites
• Conduct final coordination
FM 3-21.10
3
6/18/2015
ANALYZE MISSION
- Higher headquarters’
’ Mission, Intent, and
Concept (two levels up)
- Immediate Higher Headquarters Mission, Intent,
and Concept (one level up)
- Unit’
’s purpose
FM 3-21.10
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
METT-TC
ANALYZE MISSION
TASKS
- A clearly defined and measurable activity
accomplished by Soldiers or units.
Mission
Enemy
Terrain & Weather
Troops – own
Time available
Civilian Considerations
Tactical mission task- describe the results or
effects the commander wants to achieve.
ADP 5-0
FM 3-90, Appx. B-1
FM 3-21.10
ANALYZE MISSION
Tactical Mission Tasks
WHAT IS A MISSION?
A mission is the task and
purpose that clearly
indicate the action to be
taken and the reason for
the action.
FM 3-21.10
4
6/18/2015
ANALYZE MISSION
ANALYZE MISSION
ESSENTIAL TASKS
The essential task is the
tactical mission task- it
accomplishes the assigned
purpose.
- Constraints- Constraints either prohibit or require
an action. Leaders identify all constraints the
OPORD places on their units’
’ ability to execute
their missions.
two types
Proscriptive- required; mandates action
Prohibitive- not allowed; limits action
FM 3-21.10
FM 3-21.10
ANALYZE MISSION
Fire Support Task Matrix
SPECIFIED TASKS
Are those specifically assigned
to a unit by a higher
headquarters and found
throughout the OPORD.
FM 3-21.10
ANALYZE MISSION
Phase III: Assault OBJ Hammer
TASK/PURPOSE: FST 1: Destroy Insurgent base-camp P1: IOT Deny insurgent ability to provide Direct Fire on
Assault Force FST 2: Suppress Insurgent reinforcemnets P2: IOT interdict repositioning of enemy forces
EXECUTION:
POF: FA - C Co; MTR - B Co
FST
T
T
L
O
D
A
C
FST1
A1B
C Co crosses LD 5478 4301
53 Easting LD 5545 4239
P: C Co;
A: B Co
P: FA;
A: MTR
BN 4 RNDS
HE/VT
P: FH 800;
A: FH 600
OBJ Hammer
P: C Co;
P: MTR;
16 RNDS
P: FH 600;
FST2
AB 2400
Secured LD 5626 4135 A: A Co
A: FA
HE/PROX
A: FH 800
ALLOCATIONS:
POSITIONING GUIDANCE: Mortars move along RTE Cobra and occupy MFP 1 (AOF 1600); IPRTF NLT H - 1
RESTRICTIONS/ FSCM: CFL PL RED; NFA 1 AND 2 IN EFFECT
ASSESSMENT: 20 x Insurgents destroyed and enemy unable to reconsolidate forces
ANALYZE MISSION
IMPLIED TASKS
Are those that must be
performed in order to
accomplish the specified task,
but which are not stated in the
higher headquarters order.
FM 3-21.10
The result of mission analysis is the
restated mission statement, a simple,
concise expression of the essential tasks
that must be accomplished and the
purpose to be achieved.
who, (type of operation) what (task),
when, where, why (purpose)
ADP 5-0
FM 3-21.10
5
6/18/2015
ANALYZE MISSION
TERRAIN ANALYSIS
MISSION STATEMENT
WHO
– 2nd Platoon, C Company
WHAT – will attack to seize Objective Blue
WHERE – at GL 1234 5678
WHEN – no later than 020500Z AUG 09
WHY
– in order to deny the enemy key terrain in AO
2 PLT, C Co will attack to seize OBJ BLUE
at GL 1234 5678 NLT 020500Z AUG 09 IOT
deny the ENY key terrain in AO
Define the battlefield into two areas
Area of Operation (AO)- operational
area defined by higher commanders
Area of Interest (AI)- any threat or
other element that greatly influence
the accomplishment of the mission
FM 3-21.10
2
1
1
2
A
1
1
3
AO VIPER
1
3
ENEMY ANALYSIS
TERRAIN ANALYSIS
Dispositions
Compositions
Strengths
Doctrine
Equipment
Capabilities
Vulnerabilities
Probable courses of action
OAKOCFM 3-21.10
obstacles
avenues of approach
key terrain
observation & fields of fire
cover & concealment
FM 3-21.10
6
6/18/2015
TERRAIN ANALYSIS
TERRAIN ANALYSIS
AVENUES OF APPROACH
OBSTACLES
An air or ground route of an attacking force
leading to an objective or key terrain
Identify existing obstacles
Natural
Man-made
Identify reinforcing obstacles
Tactical
Protective
Classified by:
TYPE (MOUNTED, DISMOUNTED, AIR, SUBTERRAINEN)
FORMATION
SPEED OF LARGEST UNIT
FM 3-21.10
TERRAIN ANALYSIS
FM 3-21.10
TERRAIN ANALYSIS
KEY TERRAIN
OBSTACLES
KEY TERRAIN- Any locality or area, the
seizure or retention of which affords a
marked advantage to either combatant in
a given course of action.
DECISIVE TERRAIN- Key terrain whose
seizure, retention, or control is necessary for
mission accomplishment
Categories of terrain
Unrestricted
Restricted
Severely restricted
Analysis and categories must be made for both
mounted and dismounted movement
FM 3-21.10
FM 3-21.10
TERRAIN ANALYSIS
OBSERVATION & FIELDS OF FIRE
Observation- The condition of weather and terrain
that permits a force to see the friendly, enemy,
and neutral personnel and systems, and key
aspects of the environment.
Fields of Fire- Areas that a weapon or group of
weapons may effectively cover with fire from a
given position.
ADP 5-0
7
6/18/2015
ANALYZE TROOPS
TERRAIN ANALYSIS
Leaders study their task organization to determine:
COVER AND CONCEALMENT
Cover- Protection from the effects of direct and /
• Number
• Type
• Capabilities
• Condition
• Readiness
• Maintenance
• Training
• Strengths
• Weaknesses
• Leaders
or indirect fires.
Concealment-
Protection from observation
and surveillance.
FM 3-21.10
FM 3-21.10
TIME ANALYSIS
Four categories for leaders to consider
next higher echelon’
’s timeline
operations
planning and preparation
enemy timeline
Aids to planning
1/3, 2/3 rule
Backward / Forward Planning
FM 3-21.10
TERRAIN ANALYSIS -WEATHER
AIDS TO PLANNING
There are five military aspects of weather:
•
•
•
•
•
1/3, 2/3 RULE, AND
BACKWARD PLANNING
Visibility
Winds
Temperature/Humidity
Precipitation
Cloud Cover
Leaders consider how the weather
will affect the units visibility, mobility,
and survivability.
FM 3-21.10
FM 3-21.10
8
6/18/2015
CIVIL CONSIDERATIONS
RISK MANAGEMENT
How the man-made infrastructure, civilian institutions,
attitudes and activities of the civilian leaders, populations,
and organizations within the AO influence the conduct of
military operations.
ASCOPE
Step 1. Identify hazards. Current and future
situations.
Step 2. Assess hazards. Determine the risk of
potential loss based on probability and severity of the
hazard.
•Areas
•Structures
•Capabilities
•Organizations
•People
•Events
Step 3. Develop controls, determine residual
risk, and make risk decision. Develop controls.
Specify who, what, where, when, and how for each
control.
ADP 5-0
FM 3-21.10
RISK MANAGEMENT
Step 4. Implement controls. State how each
control will be put into effect & communicated to
personnel who will make it happen.
Step 5. Supervise & evaluate.
•Supervise controls. Explain how each control will
be monitored to ensure proper implementation.
•Evaluate controls. Evaluate the effectiveness of
each control in reducing or eliminating risk.
50
FM 3-21.10
RISK MANAGEMENT
This is the process of identifying,
assessing, and controlling risks arising
from operational factors, and making
decisions that balance risk cost with
mission benefits.
Risk management consists of five steps
that are performed throughout the
operations process.
FM 3-21.10
9
6/18/2015
MISSION ANALYSIS
Enabling Learning Objective
ELO 3
ACTION: Develop a course of action (COA) using the
Troop Leading Procedure (TLP’
’s).
IDENTIFY TENTATIVE DECISIVE POINTS
Most important aspect of the TLP
CONDITION: Given an Instructor, Training Materials, Field
Manuals and a OPORD.
Entire COA is developed from the decisive
point
Defines how, where, or when the unit will
accomplish it’
’s purpose
STANDARD: Produce COA based on mission analysis IAW
ADP 5-0, FM 3-21.8 and FM 3-21.10.
FM 3-21.10
DECISIVE POINT
WHAT IS A DECISIVE POINT?
A DECISIVE POINT IS A GEOGRAPHIC
PLACE, SPECIFIC KEY EVENT, CRITICAL
SYSTEM OR FUNCTION THAT ALLOWS
COMMANDERS TO GAIN A MARKED
ADVANTAGE OVER AN ENEMY AND
GREATLY INFLUENCE THE OUTCOME
OF AN ATTACK.
FM 1-02
59
COA Development
DECISIVE POINT
• Might orient on terrain, enemy, time or a
combination of these
• The event or action that will ultimately
and irreversibly lead to the unit
achieving its purpose
STEP 1: Analyze Relative Combat Power
STEP 2: Generate Options
STEP 3: Array Forces
STEP 4: Develop the Concept of Operations
STEP 5: Assign Responsibilities
STEP 6: Prepare COA Statement and Sketch
• Does not simply restate the unit’
’s
essential task or purpose
FM 3-21.10
ADP 5-0
FM 3-21.10,
10
6/18/2015
COA CRITERIA
Decisive Point
What is a decisive point?
A decisive point is a geographic place, specific key event, critical system
or function
That Allows commanders to gain a marked advantage over an enemy and
greatly influence the outcome of an attack
•Might Orient on terrain, enemy, time or a combination of those.
•The event or action that will ultimately and irreversibly lead to the unit
aching its
purpose.
•Does not simply restate the unit’s essential task or purpose.
ADP 5-0
64
COA Development
Example of Decisive point
By addressing the decisive point, the friendly commander is able to determine
where/when to focus his combat power. Next step is to determine tasks and purposes
For the decisive, shaping and any sustaining operations.
Step 1: Analyze Relative Combat Power
Four goals include
Identify an enemy weakness to exploit
Identify friendly strengths to exploit enemy weakness
Identify enemy strengths to mitigate
Identify friendly weaknesses to protect
ADP 5-0
FM 3-21.10
65
COA Development
COA Development
Step 2: Generate Options
Determine one or more ways to accomplish
missions
Consider TTP from doctrine, history, or other
resources to find a solution
Confirm mission’
’s decisive point
From the decisive point, ID the purposes of
decisive, shaping, and sustaining operations
Determine the tactical mission tasks for the
decisive, shaping, and sustaining operations
Step 3: Array Forces
The product from generate options is used to
determine what is required to accomplish the
mission (Soldiers, weapons and other
equipment).
“THE RIGHT TOOL FOR THE JOB”
”
ADP 5-0
FM 3-21.10,
FM 3-21.10
11
6/18/2015
COA ANALYSIS (WARGAME)
COA Development
Step 4: Develop a Concept of Operations
• Describes how the leader sees the mission unfolding.
• THINK THROUGH THE OPERATION FROM START TO
FINISH.
• Determine how accomplishing each task leads to the next
task.
• VISUALIZE A SET OF ACTIONS AND REACTIONS
• Determine the best ways to use terrain and employ unit
strengths.
• THE OBJECT IS TO DETERMINE WHAT CAN GO WRONG
AND WHAT DECISION THE LEADER NEEDS TO MAKE AS A
RESULT
• Develop control measures necessary to convey and
enhance the understanding of the operation.
ADP 5-0
FM 3-21.10
FM 3-21.10
COA ANALYSIS (WARGAME)
COA Development
-REMAIN OBJECTIVE
-DO NOT MAKE CHANGES – TAKE NOTES
Step 5: Assign Responsibilities
assign responsibilities for each task to a
subordinate
TECHNIQUES:
- BOX
- BELT
- AVENUES IN DEPTH
ADP 5-0
FM 3-21.10
COA Development
FM 3-21.10
BOX
Step 6: Prepare a COA Statement and Sketch
describes the Concept of Operations
the basis for paragraph 3 of the OPORD
• Focuses the wargame on a specific area
• May be:
– The objective area
– An Engagement area
– Other critical location
The COA statement & sketch should identify decisive point, and what makes it decisive
form of maneuver or type of defensive operation
tasks & purposes of the decisive, shaping, and sustaining
operations
reserve planning priorities
purpose of critical WFF elements
the end state
• Used when time is limited or the enemy
situation is clear.
FM 3-21.10
FM 3-21.10
12
6/18/2015
BOX
AVENUES IN DEPTH
• Analyze friendly and enemy actions along
one avenue of approach at a time.
• Best for defensive COAs
FM 3-21.10
BELT
FM 3-21.10
AVENUES IN DEPTH
- The belt technique allows the leader to
divide the COA into events or belts.
- May be done from phase line to phase or by
significant events
- Most effective for offensive COAs
FM 3-21.10
FM 3-21.10
BELT
FM 7-10 p. 2-27
FM 3-21.10
13