ABDOMI NOPELVIC QUADRANTS
4l
Let us review some of the elements in the previous frame. The
root that refers to the
fftlf
pelv
pelvis is
thorac
chest is:
abdomin
abdomen is
'line ¿lorsal cauity consists of the (6) cranial and (7) spinal
cavities. These cavities contain the organs of tii'e net-uous s)stert, the brain
and spinal cord. The nervous system is one of the most complex systems of
the body (see Chapter 9) and controls many vital activities of the body.
JEI
Practice building words that refer to the body cavities by building a term
that means
crlarrj-/al
spin/al
/_.
pertaining to the cranium (skull)
KRA-ne-äl
pertaining to the
spine:
/
SPI-näl
As discussed earlier, the dors/al cavity includes the cranilal
cavity, which is formed by the skull and contains the brain. The spin/al cavity, which is formed by the spine (backbone), contains the spinal cord.
Refer to Figure 2-3 to complete the following frames.
fftf,|
The body cavity surrounding the
crani/al
/
skull is the
cavity.
I(RA-nê-äl
spin/al
spinal cord is the
cavity
SPI-näl
Ab
dominopelvic Quadrants
Because the abdominopelvic cavity is a large area and contains
many organs, it is useful to divide it into smaller sections. One method
divides the abdominopelvic cavity into quadrants. A second method divides
the abdominopelvic cavity into regions. Physicians and health care professionals use both of these regional divisions as a point of reference.
@
The larger division of the abdominopelvic cavity consists of four quadrants:
right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower
quadrant (RLQ) , and left lower quadrant (LLQ). Locate these quadrants
in Figure 2-44.
fsf,|
\Ahen you have located and reviewed the quadrants, determine
the meaning of the following abbreviations
right upper quadrant
RUQ:
left upper quadrant
LUQ'
right lower quadrant
RLQ:
left lower quadtant
LLQ:
42
cHAprER
2
. BoDy srRUcruRE
"qc't
Flgure
2-4
(A) Four quadrants of the abdomen. (B) Nine regions of the abdomen showing the superficial
organs.
EEEI
n in the body in
denoting
es, such as tumors.
which a s
are useful in
A tumor located in the right lower quadrant most likely will be denoted. in
the medical ¡ecord with the abbreviation
|f$l
Quadrants also may be used to describe rhe locarion of a
patient's symptoms. The physician may pinpoint a patienr's abdominal pain
in the RLQ. This could indicate a diagnosis of appendicitis because the
appendix is located in that quadrant. Pain in another quadrant, such as the
LLQ, would indicate a different tliaguusis.
Identifr the abbreviarion for the:
right lower quadrane
left lower quadrant:
![f,|
Locate the quadrant that contains a m4jor part of the stomach.
This quadrant is the
and its abbreviation is
Abdominopelvic Regions
EEÐ
whereas larger sections of the abdominopelvic cavity are divided
into four quadrants, the smaller sections are divided into nine regions,
each of which corresponds to a region near a specific point in trrã body. es
with quadrants, body region designation also is used to describe the location of internal organs and the origin of pain. Review Figure 2-48 to see
the location of various organs within these regions.
ABDOMINOPELVIC REGIONS
43
Now that you have examined the nine regions, let us review
[he terms within each region. These terms frequently are used to
"t
describe a location of organs within the abdominal cavity'
fs[|
*.n.
Combining
hypo/chondr/iac
Form Meaning
Regions of the Abdomen
chondr/o
cartilage
hypo/chondr/tac
gastr/ o
stomach
epigastric
inguin/o
groln
inguinal
lumb/o
loins (lower back)
lumbar
umbilic/o
umbilicus, navel
umbilical
hr-põ-KON-drê-äk
epi/gastr/ic
épi-GAStrik
iûguin/al
ÍNeg*vi-na
lumb/ar
LÜM-bãI
umbilic/al
úm-BiLi-kál
Refer to Figure 2-48 to identify the terms in the regions that
describe the following statements. The first one is an example that is com-
Ef
pleted for you.
The region located
near the groin: inguin''1.
hypo/chondr/iac
hËpo-KONdrë-ák
umbilic/al
úm-BiLi-käl
hypo/gasft/ic
/
beneath the ribs
/_.
near the navel:
below the
stomach:
|flEI
Do the following suffixes denote a noun or an adjective ending?
/
hr-po4A$trik
adjective
-al, -zu, -ic, or -iac.
|flEI
Use gastr,/o to develop medical words that pertain to the area
hypo/gast/ic
under or below the stomach
hÎ-pó-GAStrik
epi/gasn/ic
above or on the stomach:
/
þ-i-GASuik
The epi/gastr/ic region may be the location of "heartburn"
puin' Þui" in this area could be symptomatic of many abnormal conditions,
including indigestion or heart attack.
fft[|
The area of heartburn pain may be felt in the
epi/gasn/ic
ëpi-GA$trik
/
region.
44
CHAPTER2
.
BODYSTRUCTURE
The right and left hypo/chondr/iac regions are located on each
side of the epi,/gastr/ic region and directly under the cartilage of the ribs.
f[[|
Identify the elements in hypo/chondr/iac that mean
-rac
pertaining to, relating to
hypo-
under, below, deficient:
chondr
cartilage:
Refer to Figure 2-48 to answer the following frames. if needed, use Appendix A, Glossary of
Medical Word Elements.
The lumbar regions consist of the middle right and middle teft
regions located near the waistline of the body. The term lumb,/ar means
fff,|
loins (lower back)
pertaining to the
¿Æl
Combine lumb,/o
(
*
abdomin
*
al to form a term that means
pertaining to the loins and abdomen.
htmb/o/abdomin/al
lúm-bõ-äb-Dolvt-i-na
The center of the umbilic/al region marks the point where the
umbilic/al cord of the mother entered the fetus. This is the navel and in
f[f|
layman terms is referred to as the "belly button." The region that lies
between the right and left lumbar regions is designated as the
umbilic/al region
úm-BlLi-käl
The combining form umbilic/o refers to umbilicus or naael. The
region that literally means pertaining to the navel is:
@
rimbilic,zal
úm-BiLí-käl
AEÐ A herrria is a proLrusion or prcrjectic¡n of an organ thr<-rugh the
wall of the cavity that normally contains it. A common tl?e of hernia that
may occur, particularly in males, is inguin/al hernia. This hernia would be
inguin/al
lNegwï-nA
located in either the right or the left
region.
JEII
Locate the right inguin/al region and the left inguin/al region
in Figure 2-48. A hernia on the right side of the groin is called an
P$dnlal hernia
INGgwi-näl
HER-në-á
ABDOMINOPELVIC
pertaining to below the stomach:
/
RECIONS 45