Foundations of Sport Psychology
Define sport psychology
Identify the role of the sport
psychologist
Discuss the history of sport psychology
Explore credentialing issues
Discuss multicultural training issues
(4th or 5th Edition)
Robert S. Weinberg & Daniel Gould
Daniel Frankl, Ph.D.
A science in which the principles of
psychology are applied in a sport or
exercise setting.
The study of the effect of
psychological and
emotional factors on sport
and exercise
performance, and the
effect of sport and
exercise involvement on
psychological and
emotional factors.
Natalie Coughlin & Dara Torres 100-meter freestyle preliminaries in Beijing.
Source: http://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/beijing/swimming/2008-07-03-swim-trials_N.htm
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The Two Main Objectives in the Study
of Sport and Exercise Psychology
1.
2.
Understand the effects of psychological
factors on physical and motor
performance
Understand the effects of participation in
physical activity on psychological
development, health, and well-being
Objective A
Understand the
effects of
psychological factors
on physical and motor
performance.
Quarterback Drew Brees of the New Orleans Saints throws a pass
against the Detroit Lions at the Louisiana Superdome.
Source: http://www.allvoices.com/people/Drew_Brees/image/38816212
Objective A
Typical questions studied in sport and exercise
psychology:
How does anxiety affect a quarterback’s
accuracy in throwing a football?
Does self-esteem improve in children that have
learned how to swim?
How do extrinsic rewards in varsity athletics
influence intrinsic motivation?
Does imagery training facilitate the recovery
process in injured athletes and exercisers?
Objective B
Understand the effects
of participation in
physical activity on
psychological
development, health,
and well-being
Dance at Camp Alonim, summer 2008
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Objective B
Typical questions studied in sport and
exercise psychology:
Does running reduce anxiety and depression?
Do young athletes learn to be overly aggressive
from participation in youth sports?
Does participation in daily physical education
classes improve a child’s self-esteem?
Does participation in college athletics enhance
personality development?
Sport and Exercise Psychology
Applies to a Broad Population Base
Seniors
Children
Exercisers
Elite athletes
Average athletes
Persons who are
physically and
mentally
challenged
Coaches, teachers,
and fitness
leaders
Athletic Insight: The Online Journal
of Sport Psychology
Sport Psychology as Cultural Praxis: Future
Trajectories and Current Possibilities
Tatiana V. Ryba
http://www.athleticinsight.com/Vol7Iss3/Cultur
alPDF.pdf
September, 2005, Volume 7, Issue 3
Rainer Martens defines the role of Sport and
Exercise Psychology Specialists by what it is
they do:
Teaching
Educational/Clinical Sport Psychologist
Research
Educational/Clinical Sport Psychologist
Consulting
Educational/Clinical Sport Psychologist
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Research
Teaching
Inquiry for the purpose
of advancing
knowledge and
sharing it through
professional meetings
and journal articles
Teaching university
courses in either
psychology or
exercise and sport
science
The 2009 AASP Sport Psych Expo Steering Committee (L-R):
Dr. Eddie O'
Connor, Dr. Charlie Brown (Chair),
Dr. Kristen Dieffenbach, Dr. Larry Lauer, and Dr. Mark Strickland
!
Elite athletes
Children
Mentally and
physically
challenged
Older adults
!
Average
Participants
Parents
Coaches
Teachers/
Administrators
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Coleman Roberts Griffith
father of sport psychology
established the first sport
psychology laboratory at the
University of Illinois (1925)
Worked with Chicago Cubs
Strube, M.J. (2005). What did Triplett really find?
A contemporary analysis of the first experiment in
social psychology. American Journal of Psychology,
118(2), 271-286.
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&1893-1966)
Norman Triplett
(1897)
social facilitation
among cyclists
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established first graduate program
at the University of California,
Berkeley
“...had a long productive career in
basic research in biophysics,
psychology and motor learning,
and exercise physiology.”
http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/senate/inmemoriam/rranklinmhenry.html
Coleman R. Griffith
Image source: http://www.students.yorku.ca/
~harper/Novermber_2004.html
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Dorothy Harris
Eleanor Metheny
Camille Brown
Celeste Ulrich, and
Aileen Lockhart
Henry, F.M., & Rogers, D.E. (1960). Increased response
latency for complicated movements and a “memory drum”
theory of neuromotor reaction. Research Quarterly, 31, 448-458.
Image source: http://www.nationalacademyofkinesiology.org/leader/leader-speak/franklin-henry
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Professor of sport psychology at the
Pennsylvania State University
Instrumental in shaping the field of sport
psychology, especially as it pertains to women
and girls.
Source: http://idcs0200.lib.iup.edu/~cat/Pages/dhbio.html
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First woman president of the North American
Society for Sport Psychology
The first recipient of the Women'
s Sports
Foundation Award for her contributions to
women in sports
The first woman and first American to be
inducted as a Fellow into the International
Society of Sport Psychology
In 1988, she was awarded the first Fulbright
Scholarship never before granted to the study
of sport psychology
Source: http://idcs0200.lib.iup.edu/~cat/Pages/dhbio.html
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&,-
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Leigh, M., & Struder, G.
(1983, September). Eleanor
Metheny. Journal of Physical
Education, Recreation and
Dance, 54(7), 74-77.
Image Source: Wiggins, D.K. (1989). Great speed but little stamina:
The historical debate over Black athletic superiority. Journal of Sport
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Brown, C., & Cassidy, R. (1963). Theory in
physical education: A guide to program
change. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger.
Latchaw, M., & Brown, C. (1962). The
evaluation process in health education,
physical education and recreation.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Wiles, K., Brown, C., & Cassidy, R. (1961).
Supervision in physical education: A guide to
principles and practices. Englewood Cliffs,
NJ: Prentice-Hall.
History, 16(2), 158-185.
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Oberteuffer, D., & Ulrich, C. (1962). Physical
education: A textbook of principles for
professional students (3rd. ed.). New York,
NY: Harper & Row.
Ulrich, C. (1968). The social matrix of
physical education. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall.
Ulrich, C. (Ed.). (1982). Education in the
80's: Physical education. Washington, DC:
National Education Association.
8
(
Lockhart, A. (1957). Modern dance.
Dubuque, IA: W. C. Brown.
Lockhart, A.S., & Pease, E.E. (1977). Modern
dance: Building and teaching lessons (5th
ed.). Dubuque, IA: W. C. Brown.
Lockhart, A.S., & Spears,B. (1972). Chronicle
of American physical education; selected
readings, 1855-1930. Dubuque, IA: W. C.
Brown.
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Ulrich, C. (1976). To seek and find.
Washington, DC: American Alliance for
Health, Physical Education, and
Recreation.
Ulrich, C., & Nixon, J.E. (1972). Tones of
theory: A theoretical structure for physical
education--a tentative perspective.
Washington, DC: American Association
for Health, Physical Education, and
Recreation.
8
(
Pullias, E.V., & Lockhart, A. (1963). Toward
excellence in college teaching. Dubuque, IA:
W. C. Brown.
Slusher, S.H., & Lockhart, A.S. (1966).
Anthology of contemporary readings: An
introduction to physical education. Dubuque,
IA: W. C. Brown.
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Sport psychology
emerged as distinct
from exercise
physiology and
motor learning.
Image source:
http://www.humankinetics.com/products/journals/
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Smith & Smoll-youth
coaching and athletes
Bill Morgan- “iceberg
profile”
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Ogilvie & Tutko - Problem
Athletes and How to
Handle Them
Rainer Martens – youth
sports
Albert Carron – team
cohesion
P. Chelladurai - leadership
Image source:
http://www.humankinetics.com/
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Brenda Bredemeier participation in athletics
and character
development
Dr. Bill Morgan
Dr. Brenda Bredemeier
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Diane Gill – social
psychology,
particularly gender
and cultural diversity
/
Daniel Gould –
youth sports
Dr. Diane Gill
Dr. Daniel Gould
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Daniel Landers -interrelations among
psychological and
physiological variables
Tara K. Scanlan – anxiety,
self-esteem and youth
sports
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Maureen Weiss -Character-Building and
Youth Sports
Daniel Landers
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1965-International Society of Sport
Psychology (ISSP)
http://www.issponline.org/
1967-North American Society for the
Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity
(NASPSPA)
http://www.naspspa.org/
;
1985-Association for the Advancement of
Applied Sport Psychology (AAASP)
http://www.aaasponline.org/index.php
Division 47-American Psychological
Association (APA)
http://www.apa.org/about/division/div47.h
tml
ACSM -- http://www.acsm.org/
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Who gets to be a “sport psychologist”?
only a licensed psychologist?
Visit the “Careers in Sports Psychology”
webpage:
http://www.wcupa.edu/_academics/sch_cas.psy/C
areer_Paths/Sports/Career07.htm
Mental training consultant
USOC proposes the Sport
Psychology Registry
Three categories
clinical/counseling sport psychologist
educational sport psychologist
research sport psychologist
Are “educational sport psychologists
involved in research?
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AAASP -http://www.aaasponline.org
Certified Consultant, AAASP
Earned doctorate in an area related
to sport psychology
Certification hours, coursework
2
<
Clinical/counseling
sport psychologist
trained to deal with
emotional and
personality disorder
problems
Karl Bergenstal, PhD, ABPP
is both a Licensed MFT(1977) and Licensed Psychologist(1983).
2
<
Educational Sport
Psychologist
mastered knowledge base of
sport psychology and serve as
practitioners
teach correct principles of sport
and exercise psychology to
athletes and coaches
2
<
Research sport
psychologist
KENNETH RAVIZZA, PhD
Professor
Phone: (657) 278-3577
Email: kravizza@fullerton.edu
conduct research to
improve and
develop theories of
sport psychology
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Competencies
Boundaries
Who are you serving?
Should university programs be
accredited?
04
4 4
>
4
Graduates should be trained in the
issues relating to culture and race
Multicultural training-counseling
that takes place among individuals
from different cultural/racial
backgrounds
04
4 4
>
4
Four domains
1.
2.
experience heightened awareness of
and sensitivity to cultural groups
different from their own
gain knowledge about people who
belong to cultures different from their
own
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04
4 4
>
4
04
Learn helping and intervention skills
through process of role playing and
simulated interaction
Experience a supervised practicum to
work with members of a different
culture or race
4.
04
1.
4 4
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Workshop model
Day or two as needed
2.
Separate course model
Regular college course
3.
>
4
Universalistic model
Four domains (Continued)
3.
4 4
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Teaching cultural competence to
practitioners
Cultural compatibility model
Matching the ethnic and cultural
background of the practitioner to that of
the client
4
?
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Part II – Learning
About Participants
Personality and Sport
Area of concentration
A cluster of college courses
4.
Integrated model
A mix of all of the above
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Questions?
Comments…
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