SECTION F
HPU Libraries and Research Sources
Table of Contents
Section
Page
F.1 Hawai’i Pacific University Libraries Fact Sheet.……………… p. F2
F.2 University Libraries Conduct……...………………………….
p. F5
F.3 Graduate Research...…………………………………….……
p. F6
F.4 Introduction to Research….………………………….….……
p. F8
F5. Planning the Research Project…………………………………
p. F9
F.6 Library Resources via HPU Pipeline………………...………
p. F10
F.7 Internet Basics and Evaluation………...………………….…..
p. F11
F.8 Online Tools for Research and Writing.………………….…..
p. F17
F.9 Google: Advanced Searching……..…………………………..
p. F19
F.10 Periodical Database Searching.…..………………………….. p. F21
F.11 Test Your Knowledge of Research………………………….
p. F23
F1
SECTION F
Research Sources
F.1 Hawai’i Pacific University Libraries Fact Sheet
LIBRARY SERVICES
Library Hours
Circulation Services
Periodical Services
Reference Services
Atherton Library (AL)
Meader Library (ML)
236-3505
544-0210
236-3505
544-0210
236-3505
544-0291
236-5803
544-1133
Campus Pipeline
HPU Website
E-mail
http://campus.hpu.edu
http://www.hpu.edu
reference@hpu.edu
click on “Libraries” tab
click on “Libraries” link
Atherton Library (AL) is located on the third floor of the Amos Starr and Juliette
Montague Cooke Memorial Academic Center at HPU’s windward Hawai‘i Loa
campus. The subject focus of this collection is natural sciences, nursing and health
sciences, and the humanities.
Meader Library (ML) is located in the 1060 Bishop Street (LB) building on HPU’s
downtown campus. The subject focus of this collection is business, social sciences,
and computer sciences.
INFORMATION SERVICES AND ASSISTANCE
Circulation Services desks are located in AL and ML, Floor 3. Assistance borrowing and returning
circulating materials and locating books by call number is available.
The Periodical Services desk is located in ML, Floor 5. Assistance obtaining periodical issues, making
copies of print or microform articles, and using microform-reading machines is available.
Reference Services desks are located in AL and ML, Floor 2. Reference/information service, research
guidance, and assistance in using library resources are available. This includes telephone and e-mail
requests for reference information.
All services are available up to fifteen minutes prior to the libraries’ closing.
LIBRARY SERVICES
BOOK DELIVERY SERVICES. Books can be delivered between AL and ML for borrowing and returning.
Requests for this service are done at the Circulation Services desks. A Book Delivery Service is provided
to Military Campus Programs (MCP) students.
BORROWING PRIVILEGES AND LIBRARY USE. A valid HPU UniCard is needed to borrow library
items and for certain library services.
LOAN PERIODS. Circulating books – 28 days. Pamphlets – 14 days. Graduate and MCP
students may renew materials once for an additional 20 days. Some restrictions may apply.
F2
FINES. A fine of $.50 per day per overdue item is accumulated, up to a maximum of $10.00 per
item. After $10.00, the item is considered lost, and replacement and processing costs are
included in the final fee. Library privileges are suspended until all library fines and fees are paid in
full. Fines are paid at the Circulation Services desks.
GROUP AND INDIVIDUAL STUDY ROOMS. Both libraries provide study rooms on a reservation basis.
Reservations are made at the Circulation Services desks, may be reserved up to one week in advance,
and require a minimum of two people. AL provides only individual and ML only group study rooms.
INTERLIBRARY LOAN. Fee-based interlibrary loan services are available to students for material that
cannot be found in the HPU Libraries’ collections or in other libraries on Oahu. Some restrictions may
apply. Procedures and request forms are available via HPU Pipeline and on the HPU Website, on the
Interlibrary Loan Services web page.
LIBRARY GUIDES. Publications listing research information and the use of various library materials and
services are available in display stands near the Reference Services desks. Some guides are also
available in PDF format via Campus Pipeline and the HPU Website.
LIBRARY PUBLIC ACCESS CATALOG (PAC). Online access to HPU Libraries’ holdings is available
through Campus Pipeline and the HPU Website, allowing students to access the information from home.
Over 7,000 eBooks, electronic versions of printed books, are also accessible through the PAC and can be
viewed, checked out, and automatically returned at the end of the checkout period.
PERFAX AND REFERENCE FAX SERVICES. Articles from periodical titles available in one library, but
not available in the other library, may be requested by PERFAX SERVICE at $.10 per page. Periodical
articles from AL are faxed to Periodical Services desk at ML, Floor 5, for pick up and payment. Periodical
articles from ML are faxed to the AL Circulation Services desk for pick up and payment. Selected pages
of reference sources may be requested at the Reference Services desks.
PERIODICAL LIST. An online comprehensive list of the HPU Libraries’ periodical titles, including full text
availability in HPU databases, is available through HPU Pipeline. This allows access to the information
from home.
PHOTOCOPY MACHINES. Self-service photocopy machines are available. Debit cards for select
photocopy and microform copy machines are available at the Circulation Services desks. Go to the
Circulation Services desks for more details and to purchase a debit card.
RESERVE COLLECTION. LIBRARY USE ONLY. Reading assignments from instructors for their students'
use are kept at the Circulation Services desks. A valid UniCard is required for use.
RESOURCES
ATLASES AND MAPS. Selected general and specialized atlases are located in atlas stands at AL and ML,
Floor 2. Atlases are also found in the Circulating and Reference Book Collections in both libraries. Individual
maps are located in a map cabinet at AL.
BANK LETTERS (ML, FLOOR 5). LIBRARY USE ONLY. Bank letters, produced by commercial and
Federal Reserve System banks, are excellent sources for discussion and review of local, regional, national,
and international business trends and economic outlooks.
CIRCULATING BOOK COLLECTION (AL and ML, FLOOR 3). Circulating books may be borrowed and
are arranged according to the Library of Congress (LC) Classification System, which identifies and groups
the books by subject. Titles are selected to support the University'
s curriculum and supplement the major
concepts, themes, and issues presented in the classroom.
F3
COOPERATIVE EDUCATION (COOP) COLLECTION (ML, FLOOR 2). LIBRARY USE ONLY. This
special collection contains information on careers, resumes, interviews, and occupational outlooks. Titles
are selected to assist with career selection and the job application process.
CORPORATE ANNUAL REPORTS (ML, FLOOR 2). LIBRARY USE ONLY. This special collection
contains selected print and microfiche annual reports and 10Ks for U.S. and Hawaii-based public
companies. Additional information for companies is available via on-site databases and HPU Pipeline.
CORPORATION INFORMATION CENTER (CIC) (ML, FLOOR 2). LIBRARY USE ONLY. This special
collection contains various local, national, and international business directories, financial ratios, investment
surveys, company and industry information and statistics, and investment and stock reports.
COURSE SYLLABI (AL and ML, FLOOR 2). LIBRARY USE ONLY. Copies of recent syllabi are available
at the Reference Services desks. Syllabi focusing on natural sciences, nursing and health sciences are only
at AL.
ELECTRONIC DATABASES. Some electronic databases, including full-text periodical titles, are available
through Campus Pipeline.
ENGLISH FOUNDATIONS PROGRAM (EFP) COLLECTION (ML, FLOOR 3). This special collection
contains books, arranged according to reading level, primarily for EFP student use.
FOREIGN LANGUAGE BOOKS (AL). This collection contains books written in a foreign language.
GRADUATE PROFESSIONAL PAPERS (ML, FLOOR 2). Microfiche copies of professional papers written
by HPU professional studies masters’ degree students are kept at the Reference Services desk. Select
HPU Professional papers are also available online on-campus only.
HAWAI‘IAN-PACIFIC (H-P) CIRCULATING COLLECTION (AL). This special collection contains materials
on the study of Hawai‘i and the Pacific Islands. These books may be borrowed.
HAWAI‘IAN-PACIFIC (H-P) REFERENCE COLLECTION (AL and ML, FLOOR 2). This special collection
contains materials, on the study of Hawai‘i and the Pacific Islands, and includes documents published by the
Hawai‘i State Government. The more extensive collection is at AL. The focus of the ML collection is on
business and statistical sources.
INDEX CENTER (ML, FLOOR 2). LIBRARY USE ONLY. This special collection contains print and
electronic indexes and abstracting resources for magazine, journal, and local, national and foreign
newspaper articles. State and federal government publications, plays, short stores, and essays are also
located here.
PAMPHLET COLLECTION (AL). Pamphlets on natural sciences, health sciences, and Hawai‘ian-Pacific
topics are filed by subject headings in a designated file cabinet.
PERIODICALS (AL and ML, FLOOR 5). LIBRARY USE ONLY. This collection contains magazines,
journals, and newspapers in print and microform format. Selected current issues are on the Periodical
Display and Newspaper Display. Print periodicals are filed alphabetically by title in the open stacks.
Periodicals in microform are filed in microform cabinets.
REFERENCE BOOK COLLECTION (AL and ML, FLOOR 2). LIBRARY USE ONLY. This collection
contains subject encyclopedias, subject and language dictionaries, handbooks, manuals, bibliographies,
and statistical sources.
TOPIC ASSISTANCE CENTER (TAC) (ML, FLOOR 2). This special collection contains general
encyclopedias and preliminary sources useful for exploring topics.
F4
ML3007 7/31/95
Revised by KAC: 7/24/2004
F.2 University Libraries Conduct
All library users are expected to follow the guidelines listed below.
QUIET STUDY
The libraries maintain a quiet environment for serious research, study, and general reading.
Disruptive talking and inappropriate behavior is discouraged (i.e., talking or actions that cause others to
notice/complain).
FOOD/DRINK No food or drink may be brought into the libraries. No smoking or use of chewing/spitting tobacco.
PERSONAL ITEMS Do not leave personal property unattended. THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES WILL NOT BE
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE LOSS OR THEFT OF UNATTENDED PERSONAL PROPERTY.
AUDIO EQUIPMENT
Use of radios and tape/CD players is discouraged. Headphones must be used and the
volume level must not be audible to others.
CELLULAR PHONES
cellular phone call.
Cellular phones may not be used in the libraries. Users must leave if making or receiving a
LIBRARY MATERIALS
Taking library materials (books, pamphlets, periodicals, etc.) without authorization is
STEALING. Fines, charges, or other disciplinary action will be imposed on violators.
LIBRARY TERMINALS Terminals are available in the public areas for HPU students, staff, and faculty. Terminal
usage is defined by the options on the menu screen. The libraries do not provide disks. All disks used on the terminals
are subject to a virus check at the discretion of the library staff.
LOST AND FOUND The campus Bookstores are the designated lost and found locations. Items turned in during a
term will be held until a week after the term ends. Go directly to the counter at the Bookstore if you are turning in an item
you found, or searching for an item you lost.
PERSONAL COMPUTERS The use of personal computers is allowed, as long as it does not cause a public safety
hazard and does not disturb others.
SEATING
Users may not occupy more than one seating space. Unauthorized moving of library furniture or
equipment, lying on the floors, and placing feet on walls, window ledges, or furniture is prohibited.
SECURITY
Users are scanned by an electronic security system when exiting any library floor. Library staff may
request a manual search of the patron'
s belongings.
SOLICITATION
SUPPLIES
Promotion or selling of products, merchandise, or services is not allowed within the libraries.
Supplies are not provided (i.e., disks, correction fluid, rubber bands, paper clips, pencils, and pens).
TELEPHONES
Library telephones are for Library staff use only. There is no paging or telephone message
delivery to individuals.
THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES RESERVE THE RIGHT TO WITHDRAW THE PRIVILEGE OF ACCESS
OR SERVICE TO A USER WHO HAS NOT DISPLAYED ACCEPTABLE BEHAVIOR OR WHO FAILS TO
ABIDE BY ESTABLISHED POLICIES. USERS NOT AFFILIATED WITH HAWAI‘I PACIFIC UNIVERSITY
MAY BE SUBJECT TO REMOVAL FROM ANY LIBRARY ON THE GROUNDS OF TRESPASSING ON
PRIVATE PROPERTY.
ML0169 6/14/95
Rev. /KAC: 7/21/2004
F5
F.3 Graduate Research – General Information
Special locations – Meader Library
• CIC (Corporate Information Center) This section contains reference books that focus on
companies, industries, finance, and investing.
• COOP (Career Information) This section consolidates reference books on careers,
internships, resumes, and interviews
• H-P (Hawaiian-Pacific) This section includes reference books containing information from or
about Hawaii and the Pacific islands. REF H-P in Meader Library focuses mainly on
business materials. The majority of the H-P material is housed in Atherton Library.
Browsing Call Numbers
Get to know the call numbers of the subject areas you will be using for research. Browsing
these areas in the various sections of the library is a recommended way to find useful
books.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Periodicals
ULPL (University Libraries Periodical List) The white section is an alphabetical list of
magazines, journals, and newspapers available at HPU. The blue pages list titles by subject
(for example: Computers, Management, Sociology). The ULPL is also available via the HPU
Pipeline, on the Libraries tab, in the upper left column.
Location At Meader Library the Periodicals are located on the 5th floor. The print copies
are arranged in alphabetical order on shelves in the back of the room. The microform
copies are arranged in alphabetical order in cabinets.
Other Libraries Copies of lists for both the Hawaii State Public Library System (HSPLS)
and the University of Hawaii at Manoa are available on both Reference & Periodicals floors.
The periodicals in these collections are available for anyone to read & photocopy. NOTE:
UHM periodicals are arranged in call number order and are shelved together with books on
the same subjects.
Photocopying
Reference books and Periodicals may not be borrowed; therefore you will need to
photocopy information that you want from them.
Cost: - Meader floors 2 and 5 have new digital copy machines that accept only cash (bills
and coins). Copying costs 10¢ per page.
- A library photocopy card can be used on Meader floors 3 and 5 (for microform
printers). It is purchased at the Circulation counter for an initial refundable charge of
$1.00. You then add copying money to the card (maximum of $20.00 at a time), from
which 8¢ is deducted for each copy made (without a card the cost is 10¢).
Copy Card Security: Write your name in pencil on the back of the card, in case it is lost.
To avoid losing your card, always press the red eject button on the copier to retrieve your
card BEFORE removing your copies from the copy bin.
UHM also has library photocopy cards. Those cards will not work at HPU, nor will the HPU
cards work at UHM. Purchase & use is the same as HPU’s cards and is necessary for
copying from their research databases
Borrowing Books
• You must obtain an HPU student ID card (UniCard) in order to borrow books in HPU’s
libraries. Ask about locations for obtaining your card.
F6
•
•
To obtain a library card from the Hawaii State Public Library Service (HSPLS) you will need
your HPU picture id and some document showing your Hawaii address (Example: Hawaii
driver’s license, telephone bill, rent receipt). There is no charge for this card.
To borrow books from the University of Hawaii at Manoa you must purchase a community
user’s card. The cost is $30 for a 6-month period (or $60 for a year). This is particularly
useful when you are doing extensive research on a specialized topic (usually your
Professional Paper) because their book collection is much larger than ours. Resources in
Hamilton Library are accessible for in-house use and copying without restriction.
Guides
HPU Libraries produce various guides or handouts that will give you useful suggestions or
lists of resources that can aid your research process. Check the display stands for any
guides in your subject area. Of particular interest are summaries of citation formats: LIBR18
for APA guidelines. HPU has also produced a book on library research at HPU
entitled Guide to Library Research, 2nd ed., available at the HPU Bookstore (cost
$15.00).
Access to Libraries
• Building hours for Meader & Atherton Libraries – available on Pipeline.
• Building hours for Hamilton Library (UHM) – call 956-7204 for the current hours, or go to the
UHM Web page.
• Building hours for King Street branch of the HSPLS – See Downtown Libraries Handout.
• Building hours for DBEDT Library (excellent resource for Hawaii business
information/statistics) – See Downtown Libraries Handout on Library Guides stand.
URLs:
HPU Pipeline page
http://campus.hpu.edu
Libraries tab includes book catalog, periodical holdings, online databases, Useful
Internet Sites by subject area, hours, library services, tutorial and other
instruction information.
University of Hawaii Manoa,
Library Web page
http://libweb.hawaii.edu/uhmlib/index.htm
UHM library catalog
http://uhmanoa.lib.hawaii.edu
Hawaii State Public Library System http://www.librarieshawaii.org
F7
F.4 Introduction to Research
The purpose of the following sections is to help you learn the general
process of information research at Hawai‘i Pacific University. Research, in
one form or another, will be a continuing part of your university
experience. In addition, the process and the thinking that you develop will
be useful throughout your career and your life. Knowing how to find the
facts you need and learning to think critically are keys to success in all
aspects of your life.
These sections include a selection of guides and handouts produced by
the HPU Libraries to facilitate a better understanding of research and the
materials available in the HPU Libraries.
It is strongly recommended that you learn to work closely with a librarian.
The reference librarians at both Atherton and Meader Libraries are trained
to be your guides to information retrieval. There is an ocean of
information available from various types of sources (not just from the
Internet), and reference librarians can steer you to the right materials for
your projects.
To get the most effective results when asking a librarian for help you must
first start by doing your own research. Once you have started searching,
reading, and developing a basic understanding of your topic you will be
ready to ask focused questions. The more precise your question is, the
more precise will be the answer. Vague questions will result in sending
you back to do the basic introductory research. Remember, the research
process is yours to do, and the librarian’s role is to guide you with your
research topic and to direct you to the specialized resources that you have
not yet found.
We hope that you will enjoy the process of exploring the world of
information and the rewards it can bring to you.
Janet Moelzer, Social Sciences Librarian,
and the Hawaii Pacific University Reference Services Librarians
F8
F5. Planning the Research Project
Time suggestions are based on a medium-sized project due in one month. Timelines will vary with project size and due
date. Allow more writing time for lengthier projects.
Set-up (may take a few days):
1.
Understand the assignment and clarify any questions with the instructor
2.
Plan your timeline. Use the Assignment Calculator URL (F.8) to develop a schedule.
3.
Select a topic.
4.
Write an outline or summary of what you already know about the topic.
Beginning research (plan a week for this):
1.
Lay your foundation by reading general encyclopedias or subject encyclopedias on the topic.
2.
Create a list of keywords and synonyms to use for searching.
3.
Understand the hierarchy of information (broader and narrower topics) within which your topic fits (use the
Library of Congress Subject Headings in Meader or Atherton).
4.
Check the HPU catalog (PAC) for comprehensive or specialty books on the topic.
5.
Begin compiling a bibliography of useful sources and start using the APA style format.
Developing the research (expect to spend a couple of weeks or more on this part):
(review the Library Resources via Pipeline (F.6) for links to useful resources)
1.
Use the keyword list above to run periodical database searches -- revise and refine with subject words from
the database (F.10).
2.
Locate articles not in full text in the database(s) – use HPU’s University Libraries Periodical List.
3.
Based on the database searching, revise the keyword list.
4.
Use the new keyword list to search for Internet sources (Advanced Google search method in F.9).
5.
Evaluate Internet search results using criteria in F.7.
6.
Locate appropriate sources at other research libraries (F.3 and via Pipeline).
7.
Read, evaluate, and take notes from collected resources. THIS TAKES THE MOST TIME!!
Writing the paper (allow yourself a minimum of one week):
1.
Collect notes and develop an outline for the paper.
2.
Prepare a draft paper
3.
Revise and edit the paper – Tutoring Center can help with editing.
NOTE: you will need to make an appointment.
F9
F.6 Library Resources via HPU Pipeline
The online resources of the Hawai‘i Pacific University Libraries are available through your Campus
Pipeline login <http://campus.hpu.ed>. If you have trouble accessing Campus Pipeline, please contact
the ITS Call Central at 566-2470 (or email them at cphelp@hpu.edu). Some of the online resources are
also accessible on the HPU Web page.
The HPU Libraries’ online resources are located under the Libraries tab and include:
Left Column:
Catalog of Books and Audiovisual materials (Public Access Catalog: PAC) –a list of books
available in Atherton and Meader Libraries, e-Books that may be checked out, some URLs, and
audiovisual materials at the Learning Assistance Center. See illustration on pp. ??.
University Libraries Periodical List (ULPL) – a list of periodicals housed in the HPU Libraries and
also those periodicals available in full-text from the online databases. See illustration on p. 27.
Online Databases (EBSCOhost list and Other Databases list) – periodical and non-periodical
databases covering a variety of subjects; arranged in alphabetical order. The HPU Graduate
Professional Papers list is included in the Other Databases. Newly added databases will be
announced in a separate section following this list.
Useful Internet Sites – pages of links to various sites on the World Wide Web that have been
reviewed and are deemed useful for academic research; arranged by subject.
Other Libraries on Oahu – links to frequently used library catalogs.
Library Instruction – includes links to popular interactive tutorials, corrections and updates to the
Guide to Library Research, and other materials for HPU students. See tutorials list on pp. 68-69.
Center Column:
News about the Library –changes or additions at your Libraries to keep you up to date.
Online eBooks – collections of electronic books are linked here and also listed in the PAC.
New Books in the Library – the latest lists of newly received books (print and eBooks).
Right Column:
Libraries’ Hours – regular and special hours, including holiday information.
General information, including floor plans (maps).
Service Links and Forms – listing of many library services, with some accompanying forms.
Check regularly for new resources and changes to these lists.
If you have problems accessing resources on the Libraries page (especially databases), you may need to
turn off your computer’s firewall temporarily. You will continue to maintain a high level of security through
HPU’s firewall.
F10
F.7 Internet Basics and Evaluation
WHAT IS IT?
The Internet is a system through which information flows – it is NOT the information
itself. Analogy: like roads that connect cities and countryside, from country to country.
Netscape and Internet Explorer are “browsers” – programs (in your computer) that
enable computers to “talk” to each other, and let you use your computer to view the
Web. Analogy: like cars that allow you to travel on the roads.
The Web (World Wide Web: www.) is HUGE – there are BILLIONS of documents
available. The Web is a means of linking to many individual pages that people have put
on servers. The amount and variety of data available on the Web range from absolutely
useless, at times even dangerous information, to newsworthy, helpful, and important
material.
You DO NOT search the Web directly, but through various searching databases -called search engines or search directories
Some definitions:
Internet – a system that connects computer networks and allows for transfer of
information.
World Wide Web (WWW) – the vast collection of Web pages available on computers
connected to the Internet.
Web Page – a file on a computer that is viewable by a browser via the Internet.
Browser – computer program that makes it possible to view Web pages from other
computers (e.g. Netscape, Internet Explorer).
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) – the address of a Web page or resource.
Domain – an extension code identifying the computer where a Web page is located
(e.g. www.hpu.edu).
Most common extensions:
.com = commercial
.edu = educational institution
.gov = government (federal, state, or local)
.mil = military
.net = network (often personal Web pages)
.org = (non-profit) organization
F11
Search Directory – a site where links to Web pages are collected and arranged in a topic (or
subject) format; like a table of contents (e.g. Yahoo, Librarian’s Index to the Internet).
Search Engine – software programs designed to locate information on the Web based on the
user’s search words (e.g Google, AltaVista).
Meta-Search Engine – software programs that search multiple search engines (ProFusion,
Dogpile).
[NOTE ON SEARCH ENGINES – each engine or meta-search engine only accesses part of
what is available through the Web. Not all engines work the same way, so you must learn the
effective search methods for each one. They do not evaluate the quality of what is found – the
user must do that. The results of some search engines may be mostly commercial sites].
EASY TO USE --- HARD TO FIND
Most basic entry points to the Web (search directories or engines) make it very easy to start
using the Web. Unfortunately, that doesn’t mean finding exactly what you need is equally
easy. The Web does NOT use a standard vocabulary – like subject headings used in library
catalogs or research databases.
Different search engines cover different Web pages and therefore produce different results. In
addition, how you create your search statement makes a BIG difference in the results you get.
•
Is the Internet the right place to be?
Sometimes, but you can waste hours swimming through the masses of Internet information, when two minutes
with a reference book could answer your question.
So plan your Internet time and searching, rather than simply “jumping in.”
Is the Internet the first place to search?
Not usually, if you are beginning your paper. Maybe, when you know where to look for a quick
piece of information.
Use HPU Pipeline to find what background information the library has to start
your topic. Use reference sources, like Librarian’s Index to the Internet
<http://lii.org>, to find quick information.
•
Plan your search: words and format
•
What are the key topic words of your topic? In most search engines you do not need to
type in a sentence -- just use the key words. (an AND search)
radiation is a cause of cancer
•
In some search engines, if you put a string of words in their search box, it will look for
every occurrence of each word -- and then dump them all together (an OR search)! That
means EVERY occurrence of EACH of these words (“radiation” “cancer”) will be retrieved,
with no relationship between the two words. [Use OR when you want to broaden a
search and find more results.]
Graduate Policies and Procedures Guide
May 2006
F12
•
Many search engines now use the default “and” to connect your words. The Boolean
connector AND allows you to search for results that contain all your words together in
every site. If this method is not the default in your search engine you may need to type
the AND between words. [Use AND to narrow a search and reduce your results.]
cancer
radiation
cancer AND radiation
cancer
radiation
cancer OR radiation
(everything!)
Basic formats:
“ ” use for a phrase or proper name
“greenhouse effect” “bill gates” “world bank”
AND use as described above
cancer AND radiation
OR use for synonyms or related terms
cancer OR neoplasm
AND NOT use to exclude a term
cancer AND radiation AND NOT treatment
( ) use to “nest” items for special processing; usually for
CRITICAL THINKING ABOUT THE INTERNET
Criteria for evaluation:
Purpose – determine if the material is meant to inform, sell a product, persuade to author’s
opinion, report research, other. Identify the intended audience (scholarly?).
Identification – look for author’s credentials or organizational sponsorship. Reminder – a Webmaster may not be
the author of the information. Check the URL domain of the page (“Internet Basics” lists domains – some are
more reliable than others). Find an email or contact address.
REMINDER: what looks like a reliable source (.edu) may actually be someone’s
personal opinion and not reflect the institution/organization. Look for the ~ symbol in the
URL. (Example: hawaii.edu/~personalname.html).
NOTE: you can sometimes find more information about a source by slowly removing the
elements between slashes, starting at the right end, until you reach the home page of
the domain.
Accuracy – look for sources identifying factual information, a bibliography of author’s research
or lists of the original publication information if it was documented elsewhere. Look for a lack
of bias.
Timeliness – check if information and references are current and links are active. The page
should show when it was last updated.
Graduate Policies and Procedures Guide
May 2006
F13
Structure – determine if page is user-friendly and useful, with minimal advertising and links
are to appropriate sites, text is readable with no spelling errors or typos.
Check out these sites for more critical thinking instruction:
1. Evaluating Web Sites
http://www.lesley.edu/library/guides/research/evaluating_web.html
Covers eight criteria, with an example site to illustrate each criterion.
2. Web Research Evaluation Checklist
http://www.Louisville.edu/infoliteracy/evaluate.htm
Gives questions to ask and points to be aware of for five criteria and includes several
examples for each.
Comparison of what is published:
BOOKS
•
Editors review and authors rewrite (maybe many times)
•
Publishers must maintain a quality level to stay in business
•
Libraries purchase, based on quality and reputation
ARTICLES
•
Editors review and authors rewrite (maybe many times)
•
For scholarly journals, the author’s peers review for quality
•
Publishers must maintain a quality level to stay in business
•
Indexing services select journals by quality and reputation
•
Libraries purchase journals and indexes, based on quality and reputation
WEB PAGES
•
No one is in charge or oversees what is uploaded
•
Anyone can create or say anything on the Internet, whether it is true or not
•
There are no standards to follow or reviews made
•
Search engines have no selection by quality
NOTE: there is NO resource, in print or online, that will find ALL the research materials that have been produced, which is why you must
use several different tools (library catalogs, periodical databases, and reliable search engines, like Google) to find the resources you need
for your papers.
USING THE INTERNET FOR RESEARCH
Log in to HPU Pipeline and use the Libraries tab for:
University Libraries Book Catalog
University Libraries Periodical List – magazines, journals, and newspapers available at HPU.
Online Databases – a variety of general or subject specific databases, some with full-text.
Useful Internet Sites for selected subject links (why search the Web when we’ve already found
a good site for you to use?)
Links to other libraries
Listings of forms and services
Library hours, maps, and more about HPU Libraries
Graduate Policies and Procedures Guide
May 2006
F14
Local library sites and their catalogs
HPU Catalog
UH Manoa Catalog
Hawai‘i State Public Library
http://lib.hpu.edu
http://uhmanoa.lib.hawaii.edu
http://www.librarieshawaii.org
General Tutorials:
TILT (Texas Information Literacy Tutorial)
http://tilt.lib.utsystem.edu/
The University of Texas System Digital Library
The three modules are built around a topic area that you choose for the examples you
will be shown. Learn the relationship between the library and the Web, between
journals and magazines, the thought process used to prepare for research, the various
tools for finding information, evaluating your materials, and citing versus plagiarism.
Each module concludes with a review and a quiz to practice what you have learned.
CORE: Comprehensive Online Research Education http://core.lib.purdue.edu/
Purdue University Libraries
“An interactive tutorial to guide you in developing an effective information strategy.” The
eleven modules start with “Plan Your Project,” include types of information and
searches, critical Internet use, evaluating sources, and wrapping up your project.
Accompanying Glossary, Pre-Test, and Quizzes help your learning process. Includes a
Search option to find specific information or tools.
Special Tools:
Assignment Calculator: You Can Beat the Clock!!
University of Minnesota
http://www.lib.umn.edu/help/calculator/
Enter the due date for your paper and a subject area. Calculates a step-by-step
timeline for doing the research and writing processes. Links to helpful resources in the
Univ. of Minnesota library, but some of those resources will be available in the HPU
Libraries – check our Pipeline page for links to our resources.
Idea Generator
http://www.lib.odu.edu/libassist/idea/index.php
Old Dominion University Libraries
Can’t think of anything to write about? Here are extensive lists, arranged by broad
subject area, of topics frequently used for papers. This is only an “idea” list. You must
still do the research.
Information Cycle: how today’s events are tomorrow’s information
Penn State University Libraries
http://www.libraries.psu.edu/instruction/infocycle/infocycle.html
Graduate Policies and Procedures Guide
May 2006
F15
A short video illustrating the cycle of how information gets published in various formats;
from online through book form.
Graduate Policies and Procedures Guide
May 2006
F16
LIBRARY
VERSUS
Good starting point to begin research.
• sources with a quick survey of topic
• background info, from general or
specialized encyclopedias
INTERNET
Useful for:
Current information – latest news,
business info, directories, maps.
Good for some popular fields.
• definitions of terms in your field
•
entertainment
Topical organization of resources.
•
popular culture
•
arts and music
• Browse/scan the shelves for other
things
Government information.
•
reports and hearings
• historical materials
•
statistics
• issues of periodicals
•
agencies and regulations
Older resources.
• original documents
• print periodical indexes
Compilations of material.
• statistical reformulations
• bibliographies
• analyses of research by experts
Reference assistance from librarians.
• help to identify topic
• identify useful resources
• help to refine search strategy
• instruction in search process
• resources to identify keywords for the
Classical literature no longer under
copyright restrictions.
Enhancement of basic research begun in
library.
Problems:
Questionable/unreliable sources of
information (often can’t verify
accuracy or origin of info).
Not organized (drawing from diverse
places).
Ephemeral (doesn’t remain on Internet).
Recent (not more than 15 years old).
Library-selected e-resources are not the same as “online” resources. The former are expected
to be reliable sources of information.
Graduate Policies and Procedures Guide
May 2006
F17
F.8 Online Tools for Research and Writing
General Tutorials (for research and library familiarity):
TILT (Texas Information Literacy Tutorial)
http://tilt.lib.utsystem.edu/
The University of Texas System Digital Library
The three modules are built around a topic area that you choose for the examples you will be shown. Learn the
relationship between the library and the Web, between journals and magazines, the thought process used to prepare
for research, the various tools for finding information, evaluating your materials, and citing versus plagiarism. Each
module concludes with a review and a quiz to practice what you have learned.
CORE: Comprehensive Online Research Education http://core.lib.purdue.edu/
Purdue University Libraries
“An interactive tutorial to guide you in developing an effective information strategy.” The eleven modules start
with “Plan Your Project,” include types of information and searches, critical Internet use, evaluating sources, and
wrapping up your project. Accompanying Glossary, Pre-Test, and Quizzes help your learning process. Includes a
Search option to find specific information or tools.
Pilot: An Information Literacy Tutorial
http://www.lib.umb.edu/WebTutorial/index.html
University of Massachusetts Boston, Healey Library
“Learn to develop a topic, research that topic, evaluate resources, and use information effectively….” Seven modules
include good explanations, with some historical background. Some segments are for UMB students and can be skipped.
Quizzes require a personal name to start, but are open to anyone.
Information Literacy Tutorial
St. John’s University
http://www.stjohns.edu/images/sjuimages/libraries/ilt_home.htm
This partially animated tutorial gives detailed assistance and examples to help you learn how to use a library,
understand the information cycle and your research needs, plan strategies for research, evaluate information, cite
sources in various style formats, and avoid plagiarism. Includes a Pre/Post Test and provides downloadable
handouts covering each module.
InfoPathways
http://www.library.uwa.edu.au/training/infopathways.html
University of Western Australia Library
Six self-paced tutorials explain the components of basic citations, understanding topic keywords, constructing an
appropriate search strategy, identifying various information resources, evaluating information, avoiding plagiarism,
and referencing formats. Some material is unique to UWA and not available to outside students. Open a second
window to the Libraries page of HPU Pipeline to run some of the practice exercises in our resources.
Special Tools:
Assignment Calculator: You Can Beat the Clock!!
University of Minnesota
http://www.lib.umn.edu/help/calculator/
Enter the due date for your paper and a subject area. Calculates a step-by-step timeline for doing the research and
writing processes. Links to helpful resources in the Univ. of Minnesota library, but some of those resources will be
available in the HPU Libraries – check our Pipeline page for links to our resources.
Information Cycle: how today’s events are tomorrow’s information
Penn State University Librarieshttp://www.libraries.psu.edu/instruction/infocycle/infocycle.html
A short video illustrating the cycle of how information gets published in various formats; from online through book
form.
Graduate Policies and Procedures Guide
F18
May 2006
EBSCO: Advanced Search with Guided Style
EBSCO http://support.epnet.com/CustSupport/Tutorials/advancedSearchGuided.html
This four-minute video explains the function and elements of the Advanced Search mode for EBSCO databases. A
non-video tutorial with sample pages is available at
http://Normandy.sandhills.cc.nc.us/lib/ebsco1.html
ICYouSee: T is for Thinking: a Guide to Critical Thinking About What You See on the Web
Ithaca College Library
http://www.ithaca.edu/library/Training/hott.html
Discusses criteria for evaluating Internet resources, presenting questions to think about and including illustrations
and a quiz to help you learn how to evaluate what you find.
Evaluating Web Sites
http://www.lesley.edu/library/guides/research/evaluating_web.html
Lesley University Ludcke Library
In addition to explaining the criteria for evaluating Web sites, you will find excellent examples of hoax sites, with
questions to use in evaluating them.
Citation Machine
http://landmark-project.com/citation_machine/index.php
The Landmark Project
This site provides fill-in-the-box templates for bibliographic citations, using both the MLA and APA formats.
Inaccuracies occur occasionally, so verify your format with the appropriate style manual or their online site.
For other online resources go to Useful Internet Sites – Writing, Grammar, Style
http://www.hpu.edu/index.cfm?contentID=1474&siteID=1
You can also link to the Useful Internet Sites main listing from Pipeline.
Graduate Policies and Procedures Guide
May 2006
F19
F.9 Google: Advanced Searching
From Main screen click on Advanced Search
Google Search
I'
m Feeling Lucky
• Advanced Search
• Preferences
• Language Tools
***************************************************************************
Next screen:
Advanced Search
Advanced Search Tips | About Google
1
with all of the words
Find
results with the exact phrase
10 results
Google Search
with at least one of the words
without the words
Other fields here were omitted to save space
2
Domain
Only
return results from the site or domain
e.g. google.com, .org More info
©2004 Google
The Google Advanced Search screen offers many options for putting limits on your searches, in order to give a
narrower, more focused result.
This explanation illustrates the use of the Domain option (#2). There are three areas that especially benefit from
use of this option: educational materials, government resources, and Hawaii topics.
In the Find results field (#1) for “with all of the words” the search will look for both the singular and plural forms of
the words typed here. To look for other forms of a word use the asterisk(*) as a truncation symbol.
Example: financ* retrieves both finance and financial
Graduate Policies and Procedures Guide
May 2006
F20
EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS:
Perhaps you have noticed already that general search results often have a wide mixture of resources – some are
worth using in a paper and some are useless. One way to focus a search on academic or scholarly materials
from university or related educational sites is to run the search in the Domain field for edu. Your instructor will
usually find these results to be more acceptable Internet resources for your paper.
Put your search words in the appropriate Find results box(es) (#1).
Then put edu in the Domain box (#2).
GOVERNMENT RESOURCES:
Governments at all levels produce useful research reports, statistical information, legal materials, and much more.
Follow the search method above for educational materials, substituting gov for edu in the Domain box (#2).
ORGANIZATION RESOURCES:
Some organizations can produce useful research reports, statistical information, and much more. Follow the
search method above for educational materials, substituting org for edu in the Domain box (#2). Be sure to
evaluate the results – not all organizations are equally reliable.
HAWAII TOPICS:
Research about Hawaii can often be difficult to find. Much of the information is written only IN Hawaii –
newspapers or magazines. Sometimes only the most current material is available at the local Web site of a
publication. Google allows you to search older cached pages that are hidden.
Under Domain (#2) enter one of the following: honoluluadvertiser.com OR starbulletin.com OR
bizjournals.com (Pacific Business News -- and include the word pacific in your search line (#1) (together with
your search words), because this company publishes other business newspapers).
Another useful site for information in local magazines and journals is the Hawaii Pacific Journal Index, created by
the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hamilton Library. [http://hpji.lib.hawaii.edu]
The Hawaiian Pacific Collection at Hamilton Library will have holdings for all publications found in this index.
Graduate Policies and Procedures Guide
May 2006
F21
F.10 Periodical Database Searching – How to be a skillful searcher and save time
too!
The more skillful the searcher, the less time it takes to run the search process, thus leaving more time
for reading and evaluating the materials found. This will apply not only to periodical databases, but also
to searching on the Internet.
Here is a quick summary of the search process. The next page gives a more detailed description of the
steps.
Overall Search Process
1. Select the appropriate database for your subject.
2. Create a list of possible search words (terms) and all the synonyms you can think of.
3. Do a trial search, using a few of the specific key terms for your topic.
4. Review the full record of the first 10 or more articles.
Focus only on the subject terms in these articles:
• Did you select a keyword that is their subject heading?
• Is there an alternate subject term to use?
• Are there some other terms that will help you narrow your retrieval?
5. Revise your search using the subject terms found and search in the subject field.
6. Narrow further, if necessary, by adding more terms.
7. Check if you need to adjust the time coverage for your topic.
8. REMINDER: the titles of articles do not always indicate the content of the articles (their subject
focus), but if you have done a subject search then you know the articles will cover your topic.
Your aim is to revise your search as many times as needed until you get a result that is as specifically
focused as possible. In other words, think critically and creatively, and don’t accept only the first
materials that are retrieved. The time taken to revise and get good results is better spent than if you
just did a broad search and looked at EVERY item found!!!
First: know where to go.
HPU subscribes to various databases, both general and subject specific. The general databases are a
good place to begin research because it covers all subject areas. A specialized database searches
greater number of periodicals in its own subject field. But choose the right one! If you want health
information and select the Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts you WILL find health information –
for fish and other marine creatures. The summaries on the HPU Libraries list of Periodical Databases
describe each database.
Graduate Policies and Procedures Guide
May 2006
F22
Second: be specific.
Before going to the periodical databases, use some general resources to help you focus and narrow
your topic and learn the terminology or keywords that are appropriate. Some examples of these
resources are your textbook, general and subject encyclopedias, and the CQ Researcher. These
resources help you take a topic like genetic engineering and narrow it to perhaps cloning or gene
therapy or reproductive ethics. You may have to narrow your topic still further if you find too much in
the database.
Exception – when there is no resource to help you narrow your topic then browse through the articles
found in the database and select several on one aspect that interests you.
Third: become an advanced searcher.
Most periodical databases include some form of advanced searching. In Academic Search Premier it is
called “Advanced Search” method. Here you can put different topic ideas into separate boxes. You
may also use limiters, such as for the time coverage or type of publication. If no advanced search
method is available, then you should learn to use the Boolean operators (AND, OR, etc. – see
“Terminology in Database Searching”) to focus your search. This may be necessary when using an
Internet search engine.
Fourth: use subject headings.
Subject headings describe the subject focus of an article or book. Each database creator selects which
headings will apply to a topic – one may use “guns” but another may use “firearms.” When you search
using a subject heading you can get either a) more results, because you broadened your search to the
preferred word(s), or b) fewer results, because your focused topic is a narrow one. The important point
is that all the found articles should be focused on your topic.
Fifth: accept all results.
Don’t limit yourself to only full-text articles in a database. The articles with only abstracts may be in
journals that the HPU Libraries have in their collections. This is especially true for scholarly
publications that don’t allow the database to contain the full text. If your instructor requires scholarly or
journal articles, some databases will let you limit to searching only “scholarly,” “refereed,” or “peer
reviewed” periodicals. Also, look for articles that are five or more pages long, because this is a good
indicator of a possibly scholarly article.
Remember: an acceptable scholarly article will contain a bibliography of other resources reviewed by
the author.
Graduate Policies and Procedures Guide
May 2006
F23
F.11 Test Your Knowledge of Research
How many libraries are there at HPU?
Where are most video and audio materials available for use at HPU?
What is a call number?
In a call number, what does the first combination of letter(s) and number(s) represent?
Is a magazine the same as a journal?
What are two important elements usually found in a citation?
What is the one key indicator that an article is probably scholarly?
Directories can give you lists of (select one)
a) books b) people/companies c) call numbers d) definitions
What is a subject heading?
The research process is a straight-line progression of reading some articles and writing the
paper.
a) true
b) false
All research can be done on the Internet
a) true
b) false
What is Netscape?
How will the URL help you evaluate the material you have found?
In the following example what is the name of the periodical:
Silverman, E. (1999). Spirits in culture, history, and mind. Ethnohistory, 46, 844-846.
In the above example, what does the 46 refer to?
What is an abstract?
Which of the following is in MLA style format:
a) Holden, L. (2000). Encyclopedia of Taboos. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
b) Holden, Lynn. Encyclopedia of Taboos. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2000.
What is plagiarism?
How do you think learning to be a good researcher will help you in the rest of your life?
Answers and illustrations for these questions are found in Guide to Library Research: Hawaii Pacific University,
rd
3 edition by Janet Moelzer. Available at the HPU Bookstore.
Graduate Policies and Procedures Guide
May 2006
F24