FEDERATION OF FREE FARMERS
41 Highland Drive, Blue Ridge, 1109 Quezon City, Philippines
Tel.: (02) 647 1093 | Fax: (02) 647 1451 | E-mail: freefarm@freefarm.org | Web: www.freefarm.org
Taon 4, Sipi Blg. 1 FFF BioFarming Network January 2013
8
Sustained
Enterprises
7
1
Site Selection,
Partnership Building
and Formation of Site
Working Group
Test
Marketing
6
Production/
Product Supply
Organizing
2
Product Supply
Assessment and
Product Selection
CLUSTERING APPROACH
5
3
Business
Planning and
Mobilization
4
Market
Chain
Study
Cluster
Organization
FFF MARKETING DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
Pictorials from Recent
Activities of FFF Biofarming
Clusters p.99-103
FEDERATION OF FREE FARMERS
41 Highland Drive, Blue Ridge, 1109 Quezon City, Philippines
Tel: (02) 647 1093 | Fax: (02) 647 1451 | E-mail: freefarm@freefarm.org | Web: www.freefarm.org
Start small, end BIG
www.agriterra.org Sunday, September 5, 2010
FFF
In San Narciso, Zambales, FFF The smaller the group, the easier it is to implement
The more effective interventions can be.
has implemented the clustering programs.
This seems to be the mantra of the Federation of Free
approach to enable farmers im- Farmers (FFF), one of the largest farmers' organisain the Philippines, which has recently implementbibe organic farming techniques tions
ed the clustering approach in implementing its various
and effectively market their pro- programs all over the country.
duce. While in Cavinti, Laguna,
clustering has proven effective in diversifying the crop base via the introduction of bananas, specifically the lakatan variety.
These projects, that are part of the Philippines' Farmers for Food Programme, are funded by the European Union through Agriterra, a Netherlands-based organisation which mobilizes rural communities against poverty.
Agriterra chose to support the projects because of FFF's commitment to
help the Philippines reattain its food security following decades of dependence on imports to cope with the growing need for food.
The farms of Cavinti, Laguna have traditionally been planted to rice, coconut and root crops. But this monotony of crops is not only diminishing
farmers' chances of improving their livelihood, their increasing reliance on
these crops is also threatening the area's food security.
FFF is introducing the lakatan variety of banana with the goal of providing
additional income for Cavinti's farmers. "We are rice farmers and lakatan
as an additional product would provide us with another source of income
while waiting for the rice planting or harvesting period. We would also be
able to use land which is not fully utilized for farming, making it more productive. We hope to earn better with this project on top of our usual income from other farm products," farmer Alfredo Sanchez explains the benefits from the project
1
Ironically, one of the more difficult challenges that confronted the project
was the farmers' support. FFF's Amihan Jonos explains that "many farmers
have not joined the project because they want to see first if the project will
succeed and be able to provide them additional income." Thus, only 17 farmers were engaged at the project's first phase. They were given 500 lakatan
plantlets each, which they will cultivate until the bananas are ready for harvest.
The small-sized pilot group is turning out to be an advantage. "Due to the
group's size, regular monitoring and evaluation can easily be done by our
field specialist and assistants who deal with issues and concerns about the
project and the farms," Jonos clarifies. Jonos predicts that each of the farmers will harvest about a hundred thousand pesos worth of bananas.
Agriterra's Roldan Muradian agrees that the outlook for the project seems
positive. "Working with a small community of farmers makes more possible
a high impact with these farmers. They will have a competitive advantage
over other local farmers," he says. In Zambales, over 30 farmers from barangay San Pascual, San Narciso town have organised themselves into clusters
to be able to manage their activities and resources related to organic rice and
vegetable farming. They have converted their rice fields into organic farms
and are now also producing organic vegetables - tomato, chili, squash, eggplant, and okra. They also produce their own organic fertilizers and pesticides, which they sell to members at discounted prices.
2
The farmers also maintain a one-hectare demonstration farm where organic
farming is showcased and new technologies are developed and disseminated.
"Each one of us has an obligation to learn about organic farming, for our long
-term survival," explains farmer technician Rex Fontillas. The group members also plan to produce their own organic seeds "so that we would be less
dependent on seed manufacturers and ensure that the seeds we plant are indeed organic and suited to our soil," Fontillas explains.
According to cluster president Orlando Pampolino, clustering does not only
enable them to speed up the transfer of technology and delivery of inputs, it
will also help them in their quality control and marketing efforts. "One of our
challenges is how to ensure the quality of our organic rice since we do not
have an organic rice mill," Pampolino declares.
Another problem the farmers have to contend with is marketing. They admit
that they have no expertise in marketing their produce, specially their vegetables. They are weighing whether to hire an experienced marketing person
or set up a marketing committee.
3
Support program for Development of marketing
activities of FFF biofarming clusters
start date 01-01-2012
FFF
date end 31-12-2014
For the past several years, the Federation of Free Farmers (FFF) has
been promoting the use of alternative technologies that would enable
its farmer-members to offset the rising costs of commercial fertilizers and other inputs and at the same time address the declining fertility of their soils. This initiative started with an organic rice production promotion program in 2007 which was then expanded into a
biofarming cluster development initiative with the support of
Agriterra and the European Union.
Under the biofarming program, farmers are organized into clusters for knowledge dissemination and exchange and as centers for the production and supply of bio-organic inputs like compost and organic pesticides. Each cluster is composed of around 20 farmers
tilling 20 hectares of land on an average. It is headed by a cluster coordinator selected by
the members, a techno-recorder for activity monitoring and documentation, and a technician who provides technical advise to cluster members on a regular basis. Most of the
clusters have demonstration farms and have been supplied a variety of equipment and
tools, such as chopper-shredders, sprayers, grass cutters, irrigation facilities, and gardening equipment. The clusters also have established their own knowledge centers which
serve as their cluster center, library and meeting place.
The application of organic inputs and biofarming technologies was intended to help farmers reduce their production costs, increase the quality and value of their products, enhance yields and soil fertility, and improve their overall income. The program was also
envisioned to expand the membership and strengthen the FFF and its cooperative arm,
the Federation of Free Farmers Cooperatives (FFFC).
To date, the Biofarming Cluster Development Program has 33 active clusters involving
around 800 farmers in various parts of the country. Many members of these clusters have
started to apply bio-organic inputs and related technologies on their individual farms
with initially positive results. Production however is not organized on a collective basis,
and marketing of farm products is still mostly done individually and to local buyers, with
very limited regard as to the product quality, marketability and safety. As a result, the
farmers are not able to maximize the value of efforts and secure market premiums for
their products.
PROGRAM COMPONENTS, STRATEGIES AND OUTPUTS
The strategies to be adopted in this program are derived mainly from the approaches developed by the Catholic Relief Services (CRS) and their partners in linking farmers and
their clusters to institutional buyers in the Philippines. Similar initiatives have since been
undertaken by other NGOs, government agencies and other groups and provide a wealth
of experience and lessons that have been adopted in the design of this program. Additionally, the program is not starting from scratch and instead will build on the gains acquired
in the FFF’s biofarming cluster development program, particularly in terms of organizing
producers, providing them with biofarming technologies, and supplying them with facili-
4
ties and equipment for knowledge sharing and dissemination and for bio-organic input
production.
The basic components of the proposed project are:
a)
Training of FFF Marketing Development Team
b)
Site Selection and Partnership Building
c)
Product Supply Assessment and Selection
d)
Market Chain Studies
e)
Cluster Reorganization, Planning and Mobilization
f)
Test Marketing
g)
Cluster Strengthening
h)
Documentation, Monitoring and Evaluation
i) Project Administration
As an initial step, fifteen (15) selected FFF farmer-technicians and staff will be trained
either by the CRS or UP Mindanao or a competent resource group on the technology
and procedures for developing market linkages for farmers using the clustering approach. They will eventually be deployed as Marketing Development Officers (MDOs) to
assist and guide the clusters in their market development programs.
Fifteen (15) clusters will be selected from among the current FFF biofarming clusters as
target sites for the marketing development program. Each cluster will initially have
twenty (20) members on the average.
The selected MDOs will be deployed to pinpoint such clusters and undertake an initial
evaluation of their production and marketing prospects. Each selected cluster will then
undergo a series of interactive workshops and meetings to determine its product supply
capabilities and potentials and eventually decide on which products to focus on for the
pilot marketing development program for their cluster. This will be complemented by
tutorial and on-call advisory services from marketing experts. Market chain studies will
then be undertaken as a basis for clusters in developing their marketing strategies. The
clusters will develop new organizational structures and guidelines for their production,
post-harvest and marketing activities, assign tasks and responsibilities to cluster members, and undertake other mobilization activities.
Actual marketing will then be conducted on a pilot basis. The clusters will use their experience from such experimental initiatives to further refine and develop their marketing strategies and plans. In turn, the program will provide supplementary training and
technical support for clusters officers and staff to support eventual marketing expansion
programs.
A monitoring program will be devised to track project developments and their impacts
on clusters and their members. The project will be administered from the FFF National
FFF Office.
The marketing support program will be carried out during a three-year period.
5
PROGRAM IMPACT AND SUSTAINABILITY
The marketing support program is expected to improve the incomes of participating
farmers, enhance the sustainability of the clusters and the long-term financial and organizational strength and stability of both the FFF and the FFFCI.
At the individual cluster member level, the project will increase the incomes of farmers
as a result of increased farm output, improved productivity and product quality and improved market value and returns. It is estimated that yields will increase by 15% and
overall farm incomes will improve by at least 30% over base levels during the three-year
term of the project. In absolute terms, the incremental income is expected to average
Php 5,000 per farm family in the first year, and will grow to Php 10,000, Php 12,500
and Php 15,000 in the second, third and fourth years.
At the same time, while the initial participants and beneficiaries will be limited to 20
members from each of the 15 target clusters in the first year, the project is expected to
involve 100% more farmers by the second year and grow by another 50% in the third
year, so that it will benefit 900 individual farmers by the end of the project. At these
rates, the additional income benefits generated by the project will approximate the total
project cost (exclusive of the Php 5,000,000 working capital fund provided by the FFF/
FFFCI).
Indirect beneficiaries are estimated at five (5) family members per participating farmer,
or 4,500 individuals by the end of the project term.
At the cluster level, the enhanced production activities of cluster members and emerging
marketing initiatives will provide opportunities for income generation through the provision of marketing and allied services to members. For example, the clusters may assume assemblage, sorting, packing, delivery and related services and negotiations with
buyers and collect a percentage of eventual sales of products as its commission. Alternatively, it can charge members fixed fees for the use of facilities and/or services. The clusters can also biofertilizers, biopesticides, seeds, and other inputs to members for a fee.
These income streams will enable the clusters to maintain project staff, acquire new
equipment and upgrade their services to members.
In the longer term, the FFF and its cooperative arm, the FFFC, expect to build up the
clusters into a national marketing network supplying larger volumes and a wider variety
of products to an expanding market clientele. This could also provide income opportunities for both federations. The FFF can develop a brand name which will be inscribed on
all cluster products meeting pre-agreed quality standards, and charge a fee for the use of
such a brand name. Like the clusters, it may also collect service fees in exchange for negotiating with buyers for the sale of cluster products.
The economic benefits reaped by individual farmers and clusters from the project will
serve as major incentives for non-members to join the organization. In turn, the additional income earned by the federation from the marketing activities will enable it to
provide more and better services to its members, support its advocacy and lobbying activities, and strengthen it organizationally as a whole. The investments in capacity building for product staff, particularly the marketing development officers, will enable the
organization to adequately and effectively respond to emerging needs for support and
6
How To Apply Power Grower Combo on Sugarcane
www.agrizaccess.com MONDAY, JANUARY 7, 2013
Here's the protocol on spraying Power
Grower Combo on sugarcane as recommended by its inventor, Mr. Alfonso G.
Puyat.
FIRST FOLIAR SPRAY - This is very
important but optional if your sugarcane plants are already 3 to 4 feet tall.
In the case of a Ratoon Crop - Spray after stubble shaving, fertilization and
about 4 tillers have sprouted with about
4 true leaves each.
In the case of Plantcane - Spray after
fertilization and about 4 tillers have
sprouted with four true leaves each.
DOSAGE - Dissolve one-half kilo of
Power Grower Combo (that's one pack)
in 200 liters of water and spray on one
hectare of sugarcane.
A ratoon crop cold grow fast with
Power Grower Combo.
SECOND FOLIAR SPRAY - This is very important and imperative. Apply
the usual fertilizer in the soil, then spray the plants with Power Grower
Combo when the plants are 3-4 months old or when the plants are about
chest high. This second foliar spray is best done after the first real rainfall
of the wet season.
DOSAGE - Dissolve two packs (one kilo total) of Power Grower Combo in
400 liters of water (2 drums), and spray on one hectare of sugarcane.
THIRD FOLIAR SPRAY - Do this 3-4 weeks after the second spray. The
cane plants should be head-high or a little taller.
DOSAGE - Dissolve one kilo (2 packs) of Power Grower Combo in 400 liters of water and spray on one hectare of sugarcane.
It is very economical. Total cost of Power Grower Combo (@P400 per pack
of half kilo) is only P2,400. And the yield could tremendously increase.
7
Produce Purple Yam Planting Materials For Sale
www.agrizaccess.com TUESDAY, JANUARY 8, 2013
Ubi or purple yam is in big demand
by processing companies these days.
The problem is that there is not
enough volume for large scale processing.
This is a good variety for seedling production
because of its intense violet color.
Thus, one money-making project
that one could undertake at the moment is to produce planting materials for sale. Currently, retail sellers
are charging P30 to P50 per seedling.
Several seedlings could be sprouted per root. If the root is big, as many as 15
seedlings can be produced. At P30 per seedling, that would be worth P450
per root. If one seedling sells for P50, that's P750.
What is important is to produce seedlings from roots that have intense purple color. This is very important, especially for ubi products that are intended for export. Foreign buyers don't want artificial coloring in the products
they import. They want natural color.
Specializing in seedling production could produce profit much faster than
producing roots for processing. The project will not require a big area. And
the turnover could be much faster than producing roots for processing.
The thing is, one has to be efficient in producing planting materials that are
of good quality. And the seedling producer should be able to market his
product efficiently. That could be done if one is creative enough.
8
156 Trainees Finish SM Veggie Training Course
www.agrizaccess.com TUESDAY, JANUARY 8, 2013
The 46th Batch of farmer-trainees in the KSK program
A TOTAL of 156 trainees in vegetable production received their certificates
of completion during graduation ceremonies at the Event Center of SM City
Calamba in Laguna. A harvest festival in the place where they trained was
also conducted.
The farmers trained under the Kabalikat sa Kabuhayan Farmers Training
Program being implemented by SM Foundation in collaboration with
Harbest Agribusiness. They comprised the 46th batch of the training program.
The harvest festival was held in Brgy. Laguerta, Calamba City, in the farm
where they attended lectures and where they did hands-on training. Representatives from SM City Calamba, SM Supermarket and their suppliers were
present during the festival.
A farmers forum was conducted where the farmer-trainees, and representatives from SM Supermarket and their fruits and vegetables suppliers engaged in an interactive discussion. This is regularly done during harvest festivals to connect the farmers, the dealers and the supermarket.
9
Clustering Eggplant From Allied Botanical
www.agrizaccess.com SATURDAY, JANUARY 12, 2013
CONDOR LIGHTNING HYBRID EGGPLANT.
ALLIED BOTANICAL CORPORATION has come out with a new hybrid eggplant that has a clustering habit.
Called Condor Lightning, it is claimed to produce an average of 30
fruits per plant that weigh a total of 3 to 4 kilos.
The plants are said to be very vigorous with an erect growth habit so
that it is ideal for high density planting. It is said to be very strong
against bacterial wilt and tolerant to pests and diseases.
This variety produces glossy purple fruits and can be harvested early at
60-65 days after transplanting. It was bred at the company's experimental farm in Tayug, Pangasinan.
10
India's Most Popular Bitter Gourd Now In PH
www.agrizaccess.com SATURDAY, JANUARY 12, 2013
The most popular ampalaya
or bitter gourd in India, and
most likely in the world, also
produces well under Philippine conditions.
The variety is called Palee, a
hybrid developed by EastWest Seed's plant breeders
principally for the Indian and
Sri Lankan markets.
Palee has prominent spines
Ric Reyes of East-West Seed (left) shows fruits of Palee
and is sometimes called
ampalaya grown in the Philippines.
"warty" variety. The Indians
had and old warty variety but was low yielding. So the plant breeders of
East-West Seed developed a hybrid that more than doubled the yield of the
old variety. Today, Palee is the most popular variety of bitter gourd in India.
This year, trial planting was done at the experimental farm of East-West
Seed in Bulacan. The result is very positive. Palee also produces well under
Philippine conditions. In photo Ric Reyes, the Product Market Combination Manager of East-West, is showing former Sen. Ramon Magsaysay Jr.
fruits of Palee grown in Bulacan. This was during the 30th anniversary celebration of East-West last December 12, 2012.
11
Profusely Flowering Perante Orange
www.agrizaccess.com MONDAY, JANUARY 14, 2013
PHOTO shows a profusely flowering
Perante Orange grown in a rubberized container at the Teresa Orchard
& Nursery in Teresa, Rizal.
Two weeks before the photo was taken, the plant was sprayed with Heavy
Weight Tandem, a special fertilizer
formulation by Alfonso G. Puyat. This
formulation contains high potash
plus a plant growth regulator which
triggers heavy flowering and fruiting
Perante orange is a locally developed
hybrid which is a slicing type of citrus
that is sweet and juicy. Even if it is
grown in a container, it will produce
full-sized fruits. Grafted trees bear
fruit in two years, especially if they
are well cared for.
Planting materials are available at Teresa. So with the Heavy Weight Tandem and the other formulation of Mr. Puyat called Power Grower Combo.
Call or text 0917-841-5477 for more information.
12
AANI Farm Tour January 27, 2013
www.agrizaccess.com WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 16, 2013
Farm tours can be very educational
for those who are interested in
farming or gardening, whether it is
just a backyard garden or an honest
-to-goodness business enterprise.
On Sunday, January 27, one such
farm tour will visit an awardwinning farm in the cool mountain
of Majayjay, Laguna. This is the
Costales Nature Farms run by
Ronald and Josie Costales.
Ronald is an engineer who used to Ronald and Josie Costales checking their organic lettuce
be an executive in a communications firm, giving up a very high salary in favor of organic farming.
Today his choice is paying off handsomely. He and the members of his family are
enjoying the cool and unpolluted air in Majayjay where they produce tons and
tons of high value vegetables and many other products that they supply to selected customers in Metro Manila.
Ronald has won the Gawad Saka National Award and the Most Outstanding Organic Farmer Award in 2012. The Costales farm is also the first and only AgriTourism destination in the Philippines that is accredited by the Department of
Tourism.
Among the saleable vegetables that the Costales farm is producing commercially
are lettuce (different varieties), French beans, Japanese cucumber, red cabbage
and more. Culinary herbs include sage, arugula, parsley, thyme, Italian oregano,
rosemary and basil. Livestock include black pigs, rabbits, free-range chickens, Pekin duck and fish.
During the AANI Farm Tour, Costales will conduct a lecture on the techniques
they are implementing in the farm. These include the EM technology and vermiculture, bokashi fertilizer production and others.
Visitors may also opt to stay for a few days. There are accommodation facilities,
organic meals and spa.
Those who are interested to join the AANI Farm Tour to the Costales farm should
make their reservations at the AANI store at the Quezon Memorial Circle in Quezon City or at the AANI Weekend Market at the FTI in Taguig City.
13
Floating Veggies at Costales Farm
www.agrizaccess.com WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 16, 2013
IF YOU join the AANI Farm Tour on January 27, 2013 to the Costales Nature Farms, you will be able to pick up simple and practical farming ideas.
Just like these vegetables on a bamboo raft in a pond for growing tilapia or
catfish. During the hot hours, the fish could hide under the vegetables. Watering the veggies, on the other hand, is no big problem.
To join the AANI Farm Tour, make your reservation at the AANI store at
the Quezon Memorial Circle in Quezon City or at the AANI Weekend Market at the FTI in Taguig City.
You may also contact (02)-814-1848; (02) 480-4990; (02) 824-1848; or
0917-795-0916. You can also call Pol Rubia at 0917-847-5071.
14
Massive Soils Mapping As Priority
www.agrizaccess.com WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 16, 2013
Recently we had the good fortune of
joining a dinner with Dr. William
Dar, the director general of the International Crops Research Institute
for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
in Hyderabad, India.
The dinner was tendered by our
friend Toto Barcelona of Harbest Agribusiness which was attended by
agri-people like Dr. Rolly Dy of the
University of Asia and the Pacific,
Dr. Joy Eusebio of PCAARRD and
Dr. Pons Batugal of a foundation engaged in rural development.
If he were to recommend something
that would help the Philippines produce not only more rice but also other crops, what would Dr. Dar recommend?
DR. WILLIAM D. DAR
Massive soil mapping would be a priority. He related that in a recent year,
they implemented a soil mapping project on one million hectares in In India. In soil mapping, they wanted to find out what plant nutrients are available in the soil and what are lacking. The trace elements or micronutrients
status is particularly important.
By knowing the status of the soil, the experts will know what to tell the
farmers in managing their fertilization systems. And by providing just the
right amounts needed in particular areas, the farmers will not only increase
their yields, they will most likely save on unnecessary fertilizers that they
usually apply without considering what nutrients are actually present in
their farms.
Dr. Dar recommends a really massive soils mapping in the country. He said
that the Department of Agriculture has a lot of money but it may not be the
best for the DA to do the mapping by itself. A more practical way would be
to involve, say 14 or 16 state colleges and universities in different regions in
the country. The first thing that the DA should do is to fund the establish-
15
ment of state-of-the-art soils laboratories in the agricultural universities
and colleges. He said that with P10 million for each educational institution,
they would be able to put up very good soils laboratories.
A soils map is a most important tool that could significantly increase yields
and profits. A few years back, Dr. Dar said, they only had a target of 20
percent yield increase in the mapping of one million hectares in India.
To their pleasant surprise, Dr. Dar said, the yield increased 40 percent on
the one million hectares. That is why they are now finalizing a project that
will map the soils on four million hectares.
In the Philippines, after the massive soil mapping, what next? There
should be a pool of trained technicians that would help the farmers in coming up with the right amounts of fertilizers applied at the right time. Efficient massive extension service is a must in disseminating the right technologies on plant nutrition management.
Also very important is the availability of the macro and micronutrients
that would be needed by the farmers at reasonable and affordable rates.
Only then the benefits of massive soils mapping would be realized.
16
Garden Shows Boost Horticulture Industry
www.agrizaccess.com MONDAY, JANUARY 21, 2013
Garden shows create more livelihood opportunities than most people would imagine. They serve as
an engine that propels the growth
of the ornamental plant business.
And that is why garden shows have
become a regular presentation by
various horticultural groups yearround.
First to be staged this year is Horticulture 2013 which starts January 31 thru February 6. This is at Vangie Go and her landscape booth at a recent garden
show. Note her prize-winning orchids.
the Quezon Memorial Circle in
Quezon City under the auspices of
the Philippine Horticultural Society. Less than two months later, the Philippine Orchid Society will also hold its own flower and garden show at the same
venue.
Not many people may realize it but garden shows play an important role in
promoting the horticulture industry. These create new opportunities for small
as well as big scale entrepreneurs. They could be simple hobbyists who are
growing plants as a mere sideline, or they could be entrepreneurs who grow
plants as an honest-to-goodness source of livelihood.
While most major garden shows are held in Metro Manila, there are important garden shows in other parts of the country. This February, for instance, a garden show will be held to coincide with the Panagbenga Flower
Festival in Baguio. This will be followed by the first garden show for the year
of the Los Baños Horticultural Society sometime in April. Another major garden show will be held in August in Davao City as a highlight of the Kadayawan celebration. In September, the Philippine Orchid Society will hold its second garden show for the year in time for the blooming of the Waling-Waling.
Then Los Baños will stage its second garden show for the year in October in
time for the Loyalty Day celebration.
There are two parts in a garden show. One is the Landscape Exhibits where
aspiring landscapers try their very best to come up with the best landscape
showcase. There is usually a stiff competition because the participants want
to win the coveted First Prize or even the lesser prizes. If they win the first
17
prize, they don’t only become richer by a few thousand pesos, their career as a
landscaper could also be
launched. People will ask
them to do the landscaping
for them and they could
command a respectable
price for their services.
The landscape booth is also
where they showcase the
best looking ornamental
Norma Villanueva is the chairperson of Horti 2013 to be held plants. That’s not just to
Jan. 31 to Feb. 6 at the Quezon Memorial Circle in Quezon satisfy the ego of the owner.
City. This is the annual garden show of the Phi ippine Horticul- It could be for hefty finantural Society headed by May Caballero-Dumlao.
cial reward. The winning
plant could be sold for a
very high price. If the specimen plant is not for sale, the owner could make
money from his propagations of smaller sizes at more affordable prices. It
is very possible for him to sell a lot of those propagations because many
people would also like to have their own clone of the winning ornamental
plant.
Among those who would likely buy propagations of the prize-winning
plant are propagators not only from Metro Manila but also from the provinces. Provincial propagators will also make money if they can be the first
to multiply the same in their town or province.
In the commercial section of the garden show, you will find a lot of people
selling a wide variety of ornamentals, orchids and gardening supplies. You
will find very ordinary plants as well as very rare ones. Enterprising sellers
display very beautiful specimen plants alongside their smaller propagations. People will readily notice the attractive specimen plant and the likelihood is that they will buy the more affordable smaller propagations.
It is possible to find in the commercial sections the plants that one has
been looking for in the past many years. It is also where one can find new
varieties that could be added to one’s collection, either for personal pleasure or for commercial purposes. You can also meet new friends who could
be of help to you, or you could be of help to them.
The beginnings of the Los Baños garden show come to mind. That was
18
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 23, 2012
when we worked for the UP College of Agriculture in the early
1960s. No less than Dr. Robert
Chandler Jr., the director general of the International Rice
Research Institute, actively participated in the garden show. He
displayed his imported ornamentals like the Lady Palmer
bougainvillea and anthuriums
from Hawaii for his own pleasure and not for monetary considerations.
Bong Rivera and Norma Villanueva posing at the exhibit
booth of the latter during the Quezon City Country Fair in
October 2012.
At that time there were no commercial growers of ornamental
plants except the housewives on Bangkal Street who grew a few foliage
plants like the Philodendron Selloum and some other aroids. In the beginning, there was no commercial section to speak of in the garden show. Very
few brought plants for sale even if the stalls were for free. However, it did
not take long for the UP professors and other employees to realize that
there was good money that could be mined from ornamental plants.
In the succeeding years, there were more applicants for commercial stalls
than could be accommodated even if the stalls were for rent at a few thousand pesos. The stalls had to be raffled off.
It could now be said that the flourishing ornamental plant business not only
in the towns of Laguna but also in many other provinces could have benefited from the unending garden shows staged by organizers around the country.
19
14 SM Veggie Trainings Slated
www.agrizaccess.com TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 2013
One very successful program
that is helping farmers become
more entrepreneurial is the
Kabalikat Sa Kabuhayan training program for farmers to grow
vegetables and other high-value
crops (watermelon, honeydew,
sweet corn) that was started
about five years ago in Bacolod
and is being expanded aggressively.
The original proponent is the
The batch that trained in 2012 in Pangasinan.
SM Foundation in collaboration
with Harbest Agribusiness
headed by Toto Barcelona. It used to be that there were less than 10 batches
of trainees in one year. This year, the objective is to undertake no less than
14 batches in different parts of the country.
The first batch for 2013, the 47th batch with 123 participants, was launched
last January 18 at the Lex Mundi Monastery Farm run by the Monks of St.
John the Baptist in Hacienda Binitin, Murcia, Negros Occidental.
On Friday, January 25, the 48th batch of trainees will be launched in Monkayo, Compostela Valley, to help rehabilitate the livelihood of the victims of
Typhoon Pablo and the beneficiaries of the “Pantawid” program of the government. This batch is being implemented in cooperation with the Department of Social Welfare and Development headed by Sec. Dinky Soliman.
The participants will be taught not only how to grow vegetables but
proper character formation and business enterprise empowerment.
graduates will be linked with wholesale buyers of supermarkets
Savemore, SM Hypermart and Supermarkets so they will be assured
market for their produce.
also
The
like
of a
The beauty of this KSK program is that it is now being noticed by various
agencies, public and private. They want to join a winner. Just like what the
DSWD has done. This is good because more people would be trained to be
productive and entrepreneurial.
20
It is possible for local government units to join the program by sponsoring
some of the participants. Mayors and governors could participate in the
program so that more jobs and livelihood in the countryside would be created.
Local NGOs with their own funding could also collaborate with the KSK
organizers so more farmers could participate in the program. The more
the merrier, as they say.
The third batch for 2013 will be conducted in Batangas City; the 4th will
be at the Bulacan Agricultural State College, followed by batches in Cebu
City, Laoag City, Tarlac, Magallanes (Cavite), Cabanatuan City, La Trinidad (Benguet), Minalin (Pampanga), Legazpi City and Tanay, Rizal.
21
Paraoakan Becoming A Favorite Native Chicken
www.agrizaccess.com FRIDAY, JANUARY 25, 2013
Paraoakan is becoming the choice of
native chicken raisers. And it is for a
number of good reasons.
Paraoakan, of course, is the native
chicken from Palawan. Of the several
strains of native chickens, Paraoakan
is the biggest of them all. It has long
legs, bigger body than the rest, long
neck and bigger head.
Latest to be convinced about the
Paraoakan breeders at the Abalos farm.
Paraoakan is Gov. Esmael Mangudadatu of Maguindanao. He has launched a provincewide dispersal program of
Paraoakan chicken to provide his constituents with a new source of income.
He said that earlier, the provincial government has promoted the growing of two
commercial plantation crops, namely oil palm and rubber. These are profitable crops
but they take a few years before the farmers can have their first harvest.
That is why in the meantime, while the farmers are waiting for their oil palm and
rubber trees to yield their first harvest, the farmers are being encouraged to raise native chickens and vegetables.
Very recently, Gov. Mangudadatu bought his initial stocks from Ernie Abalos for dispersal to his constituents. For a start, he said, one male and two females are given to
each beneficiary. From there, the farmers could start multiplying their chickens.
Abalos had the foresight to multiply Paraoakan because he saw the potentials of this
native strain. He bought a few breeders several years ago and multiplied them in his
farm in San Mateo, Rizal. At the latest Agrilink trade show last October, he displayed
adult Paraoakan as well as organic Paraoakan eggs. The adult chickens sold like the
proverbial hotcake at P700 each and the eggs at P10 apiece. That further motivated
Abalos to produce day-old chicks by the hundreds and then thousands because there
are so many interested customers, including Gov. Mangudadatu. At P75 apiece, the
day-old chicks are also bestsellers.
Gov. Mangudadatu has bought all the female pullets from Abalos and also intends to
buy cocks from other sources also for dispersal. This will ensure that there will be no
inbreeding which could cause deterioration among the succeeding generations.
Gov. Mangudadatu plans to saturate his province with Paraoakan so that the province could also become the source of breeding stocks for other provinces in Mindanao and perhaps Visayas and Luzon.
22
Veggie Field Day In Tayug, Feb. 21, 2013
www.agrizaccess.com SATURDAY, JANUARY 26, 2013
Allied Botanical Corporation will hold a field day in its research station in Tayug,
Pangasinan on February 21, 2013. They will be showcasing their commercial as well
as experimental varieties grown side by side with their competitors' varieties in the
market.
They want to show how Allied's varieties compare with other companies' varieties in
terms of prolificacy, yield, pest and disease resistance. The attendees will also be
able to see how Allied's upcoming varieties perform in the experimental field.
Weng Bienes, executive assistant, says that attendance is by invitation only.
23
Sweet Corn In A Greenhouse
www.agrizaccess.com TUESDAY, JANUARY 29, 2013
RONALD COSTALES of Costales Nature Farms will do everything just to
meet the demand of a special customer.
A big customer that distributes organically grown food products wanted to be
assured of a supply of sweet corn all year round. So what did Ronald do?
He is now growing sweet corn inside a greenhouse together with other highvalue crops like French beans, arugula, flat-leaf parsley and others.
Some might think that it is just too expensive to produce sweet corn in a
greenhouse. That's true but Ronald says it is still profitable. After all, his buyer which has several branches in Metro Manila and some provinces, pays him
P120 per kilo. That's about P40 per ear!
Costales Nature Farms is now a tourist destination. It is in Brgy. Gagalot,
Majayjay, Laguna. Some may consider the farm remote but about 2,000 agritourists visit it every month. Entrance fee is P200 per person who is given a
meal of organically grown salad.
24
Turning garbage into fuel helps poor
households near dumpsites
(The Philippine Star) | Updated January 6, 2013 - 12:00am
MANILA, Philippines - The dumpsite is home to different kinds of wastes.
The most that the people in the dumpsite can do is to pick up wastes that they
can sell to junkshops. Little do they realize that they can gain more from trash
by turning garbage into fuel energy.
Turning garbage into fuel energy helps save forest trees – the source of fuel
wood and charcoal used by majority of Filipino households for cooking.
Potential alternative sources of fuel are waste papers and biomass from agriculture. These materials can be briquetted for easy handling and firing.
Waste briquetting in the Calajunan dumpsite
Waste briquetting is a practice among waste workers in the Calajunan
dumpsite in Iloilo City. However, they make briquettes using their bare hands
only, making it quite difficult and tedious. For bigger production, briquetting
by hands is even more tiresome.
After the incorporation in 2009 of the waste workers into a registered entity,
Uswag Calajunan Livelihood Association Inc. (UCLA), the group identified
production of paper briquettes as one of their potential livelihood projects.
25
UCLA was registered through the project Solid Waste Management for Local
Government Units in the Philippines conducted by AHT GROUP AG on behalf of the German International Cooperation (GIZ) together with the local
government office of Iloilo City. It has approximately 200 members who
were former unorganized waste pickers in the controlled dump facility located in Brgy. Calajunan, Mandurriao, Iloilo city.
The Central Philippine University (CPU) through its College of Agriculture,
Resources and Environmental Sciences collaborated with the project by enhancing the skills of the waste workers through trainings and researches on
briquetting. As such, the briquette molder that CPU developed was particularly designed for household use and for small-scale production of UCLA
members.
In a report sent to the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD), Engr. Aries Roda D.
Romallosa, project director and department chairman of CPU, said that the
briquette molder is operated by placing the wastes inside the molder, pushing the handle downward, closing it and further pressing down the material
for compaction. Once taken out of the molder, briquettes are sun-dried until
ideal for fuel use.
Findings on briquette molder
The project report of Romallosa and Kristofer John C. Hornada indicates
that UCLA members trained on briquetting production produced three different types of briquettes using various combinations of waste materials.
Briquette 1 was composed of 100 percent waste paper. Briquette 2 was 50
percent waste paper and 50 percent sawdust. Briquette 3 was 50 percent
waste paper, 25 percent carbonized rice husk, and 25 percent sawdust.
Based on the 10-day actual production test conducted at the UCLA Center,
members were able to produce an average of 12-18 kilograms of briquettes
per day using the equipment.
Time spent was four hours for briquetting and two hours for materials and
equipment preparation per day of operation.
The briquettes had high heating value ranging from 6,500 to 7,000 BTU/lb.
This figure is higher than the ideal heating value of 5,000 BTU/lb, which implies a promising potential for briquettes as substitute fuel.
Moreover, the briquettes ignited a minute faster than the two minutes for
26
charcoal. When used for boiling water and cooking rice, the three types of
briquettes produced were able to boil two liters of water in 12 to 15 minutes,
and cooked 750 grams of rice in 17 to 22 minutes, faster than charcoal does.
At a cost of P6,000 for the the molder, UCLA and similar livelihood associations can already make a living out of garbage in the dump by converting
paper wastes and agri-wastes into briquettes.
The briquettes have high heating value and can be sold at P10 to P15 per kilogram. While doing this, they also assist the LGU in Iloilo City in its solid
waste management efforts.
The equipment is affordable, portable, simple, easy to handle even by women, and applicable to small households.
It was made in local welding shops using locally available materials for easier adoption by local communities for small-scale production ventures.
For details on the briquetting technology, Aries Roda D. Romallosa can be
reached at the Department of Agricultural Engineering and Environmental
Sciences, College of Agriculture, Resources and Environmental Sciences of
CPU, Jaro, Iloilo City at (6333) 329 1971 local 1071.
27
Latest issue of LaMB magazine off the press
(The Philippine Star) | Updated January 13, 2013 - 12:00am
MANILA, Philippines - Making money in egg production can be tricky
due to erratic demand-supply situation that can dampen farm gate prices. But did you know egg producers
in Batangas have been able to deal
with this issue after they put up a
modern liquid egg processing plant
whose output can serve the needs of
the baking, salad dressing, pasta and
noodles making, and food service
industries?
Are you aware that with Japan’s
help, Lemery town in Batangas has
been able to improve its animal trade
system and now boasts having the
nation’s most modern livestock auction market?
Did you know that while hog breeder Jhon and Jhon Farms in Rizal underwent a “farm management crisis,” it was able to overcome the problem and
today is back in business a with even better products and services?
Find out about these topics and other interesting articles in the latest issue of
Livestock and Meat Business (LaMB) Philippines magazine, which is now off
the press and available to the public for only P100 per copy (pick up, Quezon
City).
LaMB is a specialized agribusiness magazine published by Farm Media Development Enterprises, a private outfit of Fermin Diaz, a director of the Philippine Agricultural Journalists (PAJ) Inc.
The magazine comes out every quarter. It covers grains, feeds and feed milling, veterinary health and animal nutrition, poultry and livestock, meat processing and meat trade, cold chain and logistics, and allied industries.
Copies are available at the DA Agribusiness Development Center. For subscription and ad placement inquiries, please email atfmdenterprise@yahoo.com or call (02) 912-7657 or 0929-979-0103.
28
TOFARM Awards recognize outstanding local farmers
(The Philippine Star) | Updated January 27, 2013 - 12:00am
MANILA, Philippines - Mamerto B. Rarangol of San Mateo, Isabela, a farmer who
champions the value of education and the
use of the scientific method to maximize
farming yields and make every square foot
of his land productive was named Farmer of
the Year at the TOFARM Awards Night that
honors The Outstanding Filipino Farmers of
the Year.
Mamerto B. Rarangol was named The Outstanding
Farmer of the Year at Raffles Hotel in Makati.
Rarangol influenced his fellow farmers to venture
into hybrid rice, now fast becoming a major crop in
San Mateo, Isabela. He has taught other farmers
the importance of being educated about fertilizer
and having their soils evaluated for better production. He believes in the use of scientific method to
get better results.
TOFARM, a search and awards program
launched last July by the Junior Chamber
International Philippines (JCIP) and Universal Harvester Inc. (UHI) aims to refocus
attention on the importance and viability of
agriculture as an industry and vocation.
Twenty-seven notable representatives of the
agricultural sector were hailed Farmer of
the Year by a board of judges composed of
industry leaders and recognized specialists
in the agricultural sector.
The awards night was held at the Raffles Makati last Thursday, Jan. 24, and was
graced by the presence of Sen. Francis Pangilinan, chairman of the Senate Committee on Agriculture and Food, Calamba Mayor Joaquin M. Chipeco Jr. and international farming experts.
Rarangol, who was also named winner in the farmer category, leads 33 other
nominees in various award categories, namely: agriculture cooperative, Local
Government Unit, agri-entrepreneur, family farmer, young farmer, farmer, fisherfolks, livestock, agri-initiatives, agri-innovator and urban/city farmer.
The other winners are: LABO Progressive Multi-Purpose Cooperative of Labo,
Camarines Norte for Agriculture Cooperative; Provincial Government of Pangasinan for Local Government Unit; Mary Mediatrix V. Villanueva of Daraga, Albay for agri-entrepreneur; Lilia B. Pelayo and a family of San Pedro, Laguna for
family farmer; Remigio T. Villamayor Jr. of Calamba, Laguna for young farmer;
Ferdinand B. Mari of Alicia, Isabela for fisherfolks; Don Bosco Agro-Mechanical
Technology Center of Legaspi City for agri-initiative; Bienvenido R. Baligod of
San Pedro, Laguna for agri-innovator and Rogelio N. Sulad of Mandaue City for
urban/city farmer.
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Business ( Article MRec ), pagematch: 1, sectionmatch: 1
Felomina H. Javina of Narra, Palawan who introduced integrated farming and
pest management using indigenous materials in her community won the People’s Choice Award.
Narcisa Mikkelson, who together with her husband Keith promotes sustainable
organic farming, received a special citation.
The TOFARM winners received plaques and cash incentives for their achievements.
JCIP president Ivan Ruste said JCIP undertook the TOFARM project to remind
the youth about their role in active citizenship.
“Agriculture, the backbone industry of the Philippines, cannot be sustained unless we involve our youth and refocus interest in this sector. Through TOFARM,
we want to show our youth that farming is a noble profession that is also lucrative and worthwhile. At the same time we want to recognize the role that generations of farmers have contributed to Philippine society and our economy. We
thank our organizing partner, Universal Harvester Inc. for supporting this project very generously and inspiring our farmers to reach new heights.”
Universal Harvester, Inc. represented by its executive vice president Mrs. Milagros Ong-How, said UHI fully supports JCIP in paying tribute to Filipino
farmers.
“Through the search and awards, TOFARM hopes to make agriculture attractive
for the next generation and for the entire country as well. TOFARM will be a
continuing program that will help support and inspire the agricultural sector,”
Mrs. How added.
Rommel Cunanan, TOFARM project chairman, JCI Philippines, said that besides recognizing the achievements and contributions made by farmers to the
Philippine society and the economy, the program also aims to promote farming
among younger generations.
The Junior Chamber International is a worldwide federation of young leaders
and entrepreneurs aged 18-40.
30
Enhancing the health benefits of peanuts
By Dulce Arguelles-Sanchez (The Philippine Star) | Updated January 27, 2013 - 12:00am
MANILA, Philippines - There is a process that dramatically increases the
amount of resveratrol and other antioxidants in peanuts, according to two
researchers.
Jocelyn Masiglat-Sales of the National Food Authority’s Food Development
Center and Anna Resurreccion of the University of Georgia’s Department of
Food Science and Technology said this process involves slicing raw peanuts,
exposing the slices to ultrasound (US) waves and then to ultraviolet light.
The “application of abiotic stresses in peanuts increased its bioactive potential which can provide health benefits to consumers and value-added products to food manufacturers,” the researchers said.
In an abstract of the study, published in the Transactions of the National
Academy of Science and Technology’s July 2012 issue, Sales and Resurreccion said they wanted to find out how “abiotic stresses” such as wounding,
exposure to ultraviolet light and ultrasound waves could be used to
“enhance the bioactive potential of peanuts.”
They said that in certain plants, abiotic stresses increased the levels of polyphenols, including resveratrol. These compounds have antioxidant properties and may prevent illnesses “associated with with oxidative stress such as
cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases,” according to the re-
31
searchers.
Peanuts, in particular, contain resveratrol in amounts next to red wine and
grapes, they said.
Business ( Article MRec ), pagematch: 1, sectionmatch: 1
The results of the study showed that slicing raw peanuts increased resveratrol 19-fold, from .02 microgram per gram in controls to .37 mcg/g in sliced
peanuts.
UV exposure alone increased resveratrol in sliced peanuts by ninefold or 3.3
mcg/g, whereas US wave exposure of sliced peanuts increased resveratrol 17
-fold to 6.35 mcg/g.
Exposing US-treated sliced peanuts to UV further increased the resveratrol
in them to 7.1 mcg/g.
This indicates “that US exposure is more effective than UV in enhancing
resveratrol synthesis,” the researchers said.
To test their results, exposing peanuts to US then chopping them achieved a
lower resveratrol level of 2.88 mcg/g, while whole US-treated peanuts registered the lowest resveratrol level at .99 mcg/g. This shows “that moderate
wounding of peanuts by slicing is necessary for enhanced resveratrol synthesis,” Sales and Resurreccion said.
They added that wounding, exposure to UV, US and combined US-UV also
increased the levels of other compounds such as piceid, and coumaric, caffeic and ferulic acids.
32
German firms seek energy projects in Phl
By Iris C. Gonzales and Czeriza Valencia (The Philippine Star) | Updated January 27, 2013 - 12:00am
MANILA, Philippines - Eight German technology firms have expressed interest in
partnering with local companies for biomass and biogas projects in the country.
Representatives of the German technology providers were in the country last week
for the Philippine-German Forum for Energy from Biomass and Biogas held at the
New World Hotel in Makati and organized by the European Chamber of Commerce
of the Philippines, the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit
(GIZ) and the German-Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
The eight German companies are Vastani GmbH, Eckrohrkessel GmbH, Envitec Biogas AG, GTP Solutions GmbH, Binder GmbH, Ascentec GmbH, Novis GmbH and
Pregobello GmBH.
The representatives of the firms noted that the Philippines has an abundance of agricultural residues which could be used for bioenergy such as sugarcane, rice hulls,
coconut husks and farm residue materials which remain unutilized.
The German companies can provide technological support to operate biomass and
biogas plants in the country.
33
Among the eight companies, four are offering good technology for biogas plants
including small plants with a capacity of one megawatt.
The German delegation was accompanied by technology experts and representatives from the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology and GIZ.
GIZ is a Germany-based technical advisory body for trade, climate change mitigation and adaptation, sustainable urban mobility, and fund management.
German-Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry president Gunther
Matschuck said the alternative energy that could be produced by the German firms
in partnership with Philippine companies would be for domestic consumption.
“They would like to build plants, some of them are are also ready to go into partnerships and operation,” he said.
Matschuck said the German firms are checking the available feedstock to determine the technology applicable for the production of bioenergy.
The delegation plans to visit selected biomass and biogas projects in Southern Luzon to explore on site challenges and opportunities.
Matschuck noted that potential projects could substantially boost employment in
the countryside because manpower would be needed from construction to operation of the plants.
The German energy companies visited the Philippines to introduce innovative solutions on bioenergy for the Philippine market and to identify local partners and
projects, Martial Beck, vice-president of the European Chamber of Commerce of
the Philippines (ECCP) said in a press conference at the end of the forum attended
by over 200 representatives from the Philippine biomass and biogas sectors.
In an interview, Beck said that the eight firms are happy with the quality of projects in the Philippines.
“They were really very happy with the quality of the projects they were informed
about and therefore they are very optimistic. They also understand that this is not
something that happens very fast because even in Germany it took some time before all of these were implemented so it is a normal situation that it takes time,” he
said.
Beck acknowledged that the different German companies are aware that there are
good projects and are now identifying which ones they would invest in with the
34
help of some loans.
“Some of them said that they are willing to partially invest in some projects. The
banks such as Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI) and Banco de Oro (BDO) are
also willing to allocate the loans. Therefore we have all the ingredients necessary
now to go and start biomass and biogas, projects here in the Philippines,” Beck
said.
Werner Siemers, GIZ consultant for energy from biomass and biogas said that rising prices of fossil fuel, coupled with the increased demand for energy create a
bigger need to explore alternative energy sources.
“Fortunately for the Philippines, it already has many things in place to make possible the shift to renewable energy, particularly biomass and biogas, which is produced after a process of fermentation of biomass like manure, sewage, municipal
waste, green waste, plant material and crops. In addition, the leftover by-product
of biogas is also a highly nutritious fertilizer which can be used in farms,” Siemers
said in a separate statement.
Biomass is a source of renewable energy which is derived from plants or plantderived materials.
Biogas, meanwhile, refers to gas produced by the breakdown of organic matter in
the absence of oxygen. It is also a renewable energy source.
GIZ consultant for bioenergy Werner Siemers said that rising prices of fossil fuel
coupled with the increased demand for energy have brought about a stronger need
for the Philippines to explore alternative energy sources.
“Fortunately for the Philippines, it already has many things in place to make possible the shift to renewable energy, particularly biomass and biogas,” he said.
The Department of Energy is implementing a feed-in-tariff scheme that provides
incentives to local and foreign investors who intend to pour in resources for the
development of renewable energy in the country.
“The feed-in-tariff can spark renewable energy by making investments instantly
bankable,” said Matschuck.
35
Philippines Top Mango Production Region
http://www.agriculture-ph.com THURSDAY, JANUARY 10, 2013
North Cotabato Tops Mango Production in Region 12
North Cotabato province has emerged as the top mango producer in Region 12 (the
provinces of South Cotabato, Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat and Sarangani, and General
Santos City or Soccsksargen), according to Department of Agriculture (DA) officials.
Ellen Lantican of the DA-12’s High Value Crops Development Program (HVCDP) said
that North Cotabato has 451,250 fruit-bearing mango trees, followed by Sarangani
(197,285), South Cotabato (189,000) and Sultan Kudarat (82,000).
Citing data from the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS), Lantican also said North
Cotabato produced 28,528 metric tons (MT) of mango in 2012.
Although Sarangani was second in terms of fruit-bearing trees, its production ranked
third at 4,917 MT, next to South Cotabato’s 16,620 MT. Sultan Kudarat’s production
volume, meanwhile, reached only 2,269 MT.
Amalia Jayag-Datukan, DA-12 executive director, said the region ranked sixth nationwide in mango production in 2011, producing 52,334 MT of the fruit.
The region contributes 6.6 percent to the national mango production and 24 percent
to Mindanao’s production, she added.
Mango is one of the export commodities of the Philippines.
Recently, the DA-12, through the HVCDP, gathered mango producers in the region to
discuss issues confronting the industry. At least 15 stakeholders, mostly growerproducers, contractors, traders and academic researchers, participated in the discussions.
Among the issues discussed are inactive municipal and regional mango producers’ as-
36
sociations, low farm incomes because of the high cost of inputs, and the excessive use
of pesticides and fertilizers at farm levels. Insufficient production equipment, the
presence of middlemen and the absence of laboratories in the region that would serve
industry-testing needs were also tackled.
After the discussions, mango producers resolved to provide assistance on soil and leaf
analysis for the more efficient use of fertilizers; promote cost-efficient production
technologies during trainings; and galvanize local mango associations to do consolidation work for direct supply to institutional markets.
They also suggested that DA laboratories be established or upgraded to perform a
number of analyses—micro soil, leaf and pesticide—and that the department and local
government units provide processing equipment.
Lantican said the DA has programs to strengthen the mango industry, and that mango
growers’ associations in the region can avail themselves of 16 power sprayers and
flower-inducing equipment from the department’s regional office.
Mango grower-producer Rex Rivera, an advocate of organic farming, said it is important for mango farmers to organize into associations for them to have stronger
links with assemblers, traders and exporters.
37
LGU Ayungon receives KALAHI-CIDSS projects
Cebu Daily News | Friday, January 11th, 2013
TWO hinterland barangays in the municipality of Ayungon in Negros Oriental
with about 600 households particularly farmers will soon be granted farm-tomarket road (FMR) projects.
Barangays Amdos and Manogtong in Ayungon are recipients of the road projects under the government’s Kapit Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan-Comprehensive
and Integrated Development Social Services (Kalahi-CIDSS) program.
Amdos has received P3.2 million assistance from the Department of Social
Welfare and Development (DSWD) Kalahi-CIDSS for the construction and improvement of 1.8 km farm-to-market road.
Barangay Manogtong, on the other hand, got more than P1.9 million for the
concreting of 1.1 km road.
Community facilitator Emeterio Catipay said the farm-to-market roads will
give the farmers a shorter route to transport their products to the market.
Catipay said other projects to be implemented in Ayungon include the construction of 30 linear meter of foot-bridge for elementary and high school students in barangays Tampocon and Gumentoc; water systems for the more
38
than 265 households and two elementary schools in barangays Atabay and
Kilaban.
The Kalahi-Cidss projects also provide the construction of flood control in
Ilaya River worth P2.7 million.
Kalahi-CIDSS is a flagship anti-poverty program of the government. It is a
community-driven development project implemented by the DSWD, with
financial support from the World Bank.
39
Upland farmers to earn additional income from
‘Umahan sa Katawhan’
Cebu Daily News | Friday, January 11th, 2013
FARMERS will now earn additional income as the Aboitiz Foundation recently turned over the “Umahan sa Katawhan” project to their group, Sitio
Maraag Sudlon II Farmers Association in barangay Sudlon II, Cebu City.
The Umahan sa Katawhan was granted to the organization for being one of
the best performing organizations of the foundation.
The officers and members of the organization were trained by the City Agriculture Office on organic farming and animal husbandry.
40
Gov’t allocates P17B for crop insurance—DAR
By DJ Yap Philippine Daily Inquirer | Tuesday, January 15th, 2013
MANILA, Philippines—More than 200,000 farmers under the agrarian reform program will stand to benefit from some P17 billion worth of insurance protection for their crops in the next two planting seasons, officials
said on Tuesday.
The Department of Agrarian Reform announced that the government had
allocated some P1 billion to subsidize the premiums for the agricultural insurance coverage of at least 224,036 agrarian-reform beneficiaries nationwide.
On the other hand, the Department of Agriculture (DA), through the Philippine Crop Insurance Corp., will put up the insurance cover worth some
P17.07 billion, the officials said.
Agriculture Secretary Proceso Alcala and Agrarian Reform Undersecretary
Jerry Pacturan signed the memorandum of agreement between the two
agencies at the DA Central Office in Quezon City.
“The program aims to protect agrarian reform beneficiaries against losses
due to pest and disease infestations, natural calamities and extreme weather conditions brought about by climate change,” Pacturan said in a statement.
“This is consistent with the integrated support services interventions provided by the national government to agrarian reform beneficiaries,” Alcala
added.
41
Of the premium subsidy worth P1 billion, P533.78 million will be set aside
for rice farmers, P385.82 million for corn farmers, and P79.09 million for
high value crop farmers, and P1.31 million for livestock.
The premium cost for the individual farmer’s “life and limb” coverage
amounting to P5.43 million will come from the interest income of the DAR’s
Government Premium Subsidy Fund.
Of the P17 billion worth of insurance protection, some P4.94 billion will be
reserved for rice, P2 billion for corn, P2.35 billion for commercial crops, P13
million for livestock, and some P7.77 billion for the individual farmer’s life
and limb.
Under the program, covered farmers may receive payments for damages
ranging from P28,000 to P52,000 for various types of rice, depending on
the extent of damage and cost of farm investment, and up to P50,000 for
loss of life and limb.
On the other hand, there are varying indemnity figures for commercial
crops and animals as there are many types of crops and animals involved,
officials said.
Under the program, the DAR is tasked to identify qualified beneficiaries under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, provide technical support to facilitate credit access, enhance agricultural production, and submit
indemnity claims to DA-PCIC through its regional offices, among others.
The PCIC, on the other hand, is responsible for providing the agricultural
insurance cover using the P1-billion subsidy solely for premium payment of
coverage of eligible farmers endorsed by the DAR.
Both the DAR and the DA shall shoulder their respective administrative and
operational expenses to ensure the smooth implementation of the program,
officials said.
42
Agriculture growth lags
Cebu Daily News | Tuesday, February 19th, 2013
The good news is that the National Statistical Coordination Board reports
that the Philippine economy grew by 6.6 percent in 2012. Then there’s the
bullish performance of the Philippine Stock Exchange that for the first time
breached the 6,500 benchmark last week.
However, the administration of President Benigno Aquino III can’t rest on
its laurels since agriculture registered growth of only 2.7 percent.
That’s a tragedy in light of the fact that agriculture constitutes roughly a
third of the country’s gross domestic product.
The 6.6-percent economic growth was primarily fueled by progress in the
industry and services sectors, by household consumption and external
trade. Yet millions of people in rural areas who depend on agriculture for
their livelihood continue to suffer poverty.
Like the rest of the archipelago, most of Cebu land is agricultural with a
large population eking out a living from farming and fishing. The upbeat
growth statistics come out of urban pockets.
When will agriculture be given the importance it deserves?
At last week’s 36th Governing Council in Rome of the United Nations International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) of which the Philippines is a member, agency president Kanayo Nwanze reminded partners
that a boom in agriculture can prompt twice more growth in an economy
than growth in any other sector can.
“The emergence of higher and more volatile food prices, combined with
dramatic droughts, floods, and famines, have concentrated world attention
on the question of how to feed a global population that is over 7 billion and
growing,” Nwanze said.
“Today, agriculture is center stage… How we respond to today’s challenges
will determine not only the shape of food systems in the near future, but
also the health of ecosystems and the distribution of the world’s population.”
43
The Aquino government needs to implement full agrarian reform with dispatch if it is to empower farmers and push productivity to prepare for this
global reality.
In the same Rome council, permanent Philippine representative to IFAD
Virgilio delos Reyes Jr. said, “[It] is time to revisit measures to bolster resilience and adopt a systemic approach to assist smallholder agriculture.”
Reyes late last year said the 4,335-hectare Hacienda Luisita of the President’s own Cojuangco kin will be distributed before April 2013.
The government should move heaven and earth to keep its word.
We applaud the Aquino administration’s cooperation with IFAD for instance in giving returning overseas Filipino workers the capacity to invest
their remittances in agriculture.
But these visionary measures should not deafen it to the cry of farmers for
technical assistance and ownership of land they have tilled for generations.
Farmers should never again have to stage 300-kilometer protest walks from
Batangas to Malacañang as they did in 2008, or repeat the ordeal of Casiguran Marchers from Aurora province last year.
If the government continues to drag its feet on returning land to the farmers, it seriously risks a great loss in whatever political capital and moral ascendancy it possesses.
No less than Pope Benedict XVI, in his message at the IFAD council,
stressed the need for “an effective drive towards legitimate agrarian reforms so as to guarantee the cultivation of lands, when these are not
properly utilized by the proprietors, who sometimes restrict the peasant’s
access to the land.”
44
ON TARGET
Why is the Philippines poor?
By Ramon Tulfo Philippine Daily Inquirer | Thursday, January 24th, 2013
The Philippines ranks 67th among the 142 countries in the world with the
happiest citizenry.
Norway is No. 1 and the United States ranks 12th.
In Southeast Asia, Singapore ranks 19th; Taiwan, 20th; Vietnam, 53rd, Thailand, 56th; Indonesia, 63rd.
How ironic that Vietnam, which suffered decades of civil war and whose economy is practically just starting to grow, beat the Philippines by 14 points.
* * *
The criteria for the citizenry’s happiness index are economy, entrepreneurship, governance, education, health, safety and security.
You will notice that the happiness index of a citizenry is based on the country’s wealth and its people’s well-being.
If Norway is the happiest, the Central African Republic (CAR), a landlocked
country of five million people, is the saddest. Only two percent of the population have Internet access in that part of the world.
* * *
Most foreigners who visit the country notice a ready smile among Filipinos.
But behind that smiling face is a very negative interior.
The negative disposition of the Filipino shows in the words that come out of
his mouth.
Such statements like “mahirap ang buhay (life is hard),” “mahal ng Diyos ang
mahihirap (God loves the poor),” “nakakatamad ang araw na ito (this is a lazy
day)” are self-fulfilling prophecies.
What’s so noble about poverty that the Almighty favors it?
* * *
45
The poor Filipinos who have a negative disposition remain mired in poverty because their minds dictate their situation.
Rich people the world over become richer because their focus is on acquiring
more wealth.
Whatever the mind conceives, the body achieves, according to “The Secret,” a
book on self-development by Rhonda Byrne.
If only Filipinos change their negative attitude, our country will become progressive in no time.
Instead of saying, “Mahirap ang bansa natin (Our country is poor),” why don’t
we say, “Mayaman ang ating bansa (We are a rich country).”
Our country is rich in natural resources. Our seas abound with fish and seafood.
There’s plenty of gold and other expensive minerals waiting to be dug up.
It’s a matter of shifting our consciousness from poverty to that of wealth.
* * *
Agriculture Secretary Proceso Alcala is making the country not only selfsufficient in rice, but also in vegetables.
The Department of Agriculture (DA) has launched an aggressive campaign to
convince farmers to grow vegetables on a massive scale.
Alcala has targeted Palawan, as a vegetable-growing area. The province, despite
its vast land area, imports its vegetables from Iloilo.
I have volunteered my farm in Barangay Bacungan, Puerto Princesa City, as a DA
demonstration vegetable farm, my way of contributing to the country’s food selfsufficiency program.
I believe in Alcala’s sincerity in trying to eliminate hunger among Filipinos.
President Noy couldn’t have chosen a better man at the helm of the agriculture
department.
46
Group justifies cane burning in Luisita as
assertion of right to land
By Tonette Orejas Inquirer Central Luzon | Saturday, January 26th, 2013
CITY OF SAN FERNANDO, Philippines—The Unyon ng mga Manggagawa sa Agrikultura (UMA) on Saturday
defended farm workers behind the
burning of 200 hectares of sugarcane
on Hacienda Luisita last week, calling
this an act to assert ownership of the
land that has been denied to them by
the family of President Benigno Aquino.
Hacienda Luisita workers. INQUIRER FILE PHOTO
Rodel de Mesa, UMA secretary general,
said the burning happened at the end
of the cropping season and as the first anniversary in April of the landmark
ruling of the Supreme Court approaches.
The high court upheld the decision of the Presidential Agrarian Reform
Council in 2005 to scrap the stocks distribution option (SDO) in 1989 and to
distribute to more than 6,000 farm workers 4,915 hectares of the 6,443hectare estate in Tarlac.
“It is almost a year now but nothing has happened. Instead, the CojuangcoAquino [clan has] made all kinds of maneuvers in order to cling to the land
and profit from it,” De Mesa said in a statement on Saturday.
The Cojuangco family-owned Hacienda Luisita Inc. (HLI) has no more control of the land covered by the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
(CARP) or of the CARP process in the sugar estate since the Supreme Court
issued its final ruling, said lawyer Antonio Ligon, HLI spokesperson.
HLI is the company formed by the Cojuangco family’s Tarlac Development
Corp. (Tadeco) and farm workers to manage the SDO in 1989.
De Mesa said among the supposed schemes is the use of financiers who rent
the land from farm workers who, after the 2004 strike, cornered lots and
tilled these for cash or food crops to tide them over as the agrarian dispute
was pending in the court.
47
He said the lease arrangement, called “arriendo” and “upa,” has assured cane
for the Central Azucarera de Tarlac, which is owned by Tadeco.
After the strike, farm workers leased out the land at P10,000 a hectare a
year. Financiers or planters pay another P1,000 to the farm workers’ associations and another P1,000 to village councils that augment social services.
“Financiers, through their cunning and exploitative ways, reneged on their
verbal agreements with farm workers, thus making the farmers always on
the losing end,” De Mesa said.
Lito Bais, president of the Alyansa ng mga Manggagawang Bukid sa Asyenda
Luisita (Ambala), earlier denied that his group encouraged or led the canburning reprisal.
De Mesa said most farm workers grow rice or vegetables in more than1,000
hectares as they wait for the Department of Agrarian Reform to give them
parcels of land initially estimated at more or less 7,000 square meters.
He said the Department of Agriculture has helped by giving vegetable seedlings.
The Department of Social Welfare and Development reported providing
some P4 million in loans for livelihood projects.
Noel Mallari, head of the group, Original 1989 Farmworkers, said the arriendo system has buried their members in debt, making them vulnerable to
property speculators in the event the land is distributed.
“That is why it is important that the DAR should provide capital so we can
immediately cultivate the land and make farming a profitable enterprise,” he
said.
48
DTI trade shows help promote local coconut wine
(The Philippine Star) | Updated January 20, 2013 - 12:00am
MANILA, Philippines - Just like in the leading character in the recent popular Filipino soap opera in television, George Vacal Paraliza returned to the
Philippines after working abroad, and envisioned to set up a company that
will produce premium coconut wine and be a key player in the global wine
industry.
“My wife, Tila, and I shared a dream to create a legacy for our family so we
founded the DJCRATER, Inc. after I retired from a rewarding career in an
oil company in the United States of America,” Paraliza said.
Paraliza was born in La Paz, Leyte and educated in Cebu City. While working abroad, he spent his pastime making wine.
“We first established the winery on August 2010 in Tacloban City, Leyte,
and named our product Vino de Coco on April 2011,” Paraliza said.
Vino de Coco (Spanish term translated as coconut wine) is produced from
the fresh sap of cut flower buds of the coconut tree. Farmers harvest the
blossoms of a coconut tree. They make a cut on the blossoms, and the sap
starts to flow from the cut. The sap is then collected in containers. The collected sap, which is translucent and with about 80 percent water, is naturally fermented into wine with 11 percent alcohol content.
“Farmers use the educational guidelines for responsible farming developed
by the Philippine Coconut Authority and the Department of Science and
Technology to harvest the sap from the blossoms of coconut trees. To ensure
the quality of fresh sap, strict controls are implemented in collecting and
processing the coconut sap to wine,” Paraliza said.
49
Business ( Article MRec ), pagematch: 1, sectionmatch: 1
Paraliza continued perfecting his technique of producing coconut wine. He
now has three varieties of coconut wine: dry red, sweet red, and sweet
white.
“For centuries, coconut wine has been enjoyed here in the Philippines but it
was not given the refinement it merits until now. Our wines are endowed
with the aroma, flavor, and sophistication that will upgrade the current
quality of the country’s coconut wine to meet international standards,”
Paraliza said.
To promote these products here and abroad, Paraliza’s company participated in local and international trade shows facilitated and organized by the
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). The company have recently displayed their products in the regional trade fair dubbed as Bahandi (or treasures) 2012 at the Megatrade Hall, SM Megamall in Mandaluyong City, and
the trade exhibit during National Export Congress at the Philippine Trade
Training Center (PTTC) in Pasay City. It will also participate in the IFEX
Philippines, Asia’s ethnic food and ingredients show at the SMX Convention
Center in Pasay City on May 16 to 19, 2013.
“Early this year, our company already got a licence from the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) Philippines to operate as a food manufacturer and
exporter having complied with the prescribed requirements.” Paraliza said.
At present, the company started exporting to Macau last October 2012. It is
targeting to export in countries such as Korea, Japan and China, and has initially sought the assistance of the Bureau of Export Trade Promotion
(BETP).
“I believe that the production of coconut wine is a big boost to our coconut
industry. It provides opportunities for our coconut farmers to earn. In line
with this, we intend to expand our operation and marketing through our
distributors, and further develop coconut sap collectors through strict farming guidelines to increase employment in the Eastern Visayas,” Paraliza
said.
50
8 Delicious Vegetable Recipes
51
Veggie Medley
This vegetable medley of
varying
flavors
mixed
with
rice
and
protein
rich eggs is high in dietary fiber which helps
flush out toxins and is
good for digestion.
You will need:
3 Tbsp
vegetable oil
6 slices
bacon, thinly sliced
1 tsp
sugar
1 pc
small carrot, small diced
1 head
small broccoli, cut into small florets
1 pc
small zucchini, small diced
5 pcs
fresh button mushrooms, coarsely chopped
1 pc
large red bell pepper, small diced
5 pcs
asparagus, sliced
2 cloves
garlic, minced
2 cups
egg, beaten
5 cups
cooked rice
3 - 8g sachets
MAGGI MAGIC SARAP
Servings: 5-7
52
Directions:
1. Heat oil in a large pan. Add bacon and
cook until almost crisp. Sprinkle sugar
over the bacon.
2. Add carrot and broccoli and cook for
2minutes. Add zucchini, mushroom,
bell pepper, asparagus and garlic.
Cook for another 2minutes.
3. Push vegetables aside to make a well
in the center of the pan and pour in
eggs. Stir and cook until barely set.
Add rice and toss to combine all ingredients.
4. Season with MAGGI MAGIC SARAP.
Mix thoroughly and cook for 5minutes.
5. Check seasoning. Transfer into a platter and serve hot.
53
Laing Pesto Pasta
Equal parts nutritious and
delicious,
this
PinoyItalian fusion recipe is
great for pasta lovers of
all ages.
You will need:
2 Tbsp
vegetable oil
100 g
liempo, sliced
250 g
shrimps or prawns, shelled and deveined
2 thumb-size
ginger, grated
1 pc
small onion, small diced
4 cloves
garlic, minced
3 Tbsp
shrimp paste
30 pcs
large gabi leaves, cut into shreds
3 pcs
siling labuyo
1 pc
buko, juiced
2 cups
coconut milk
1 cup
coconut cream
1 - 8g sachet
MAGGI MAGIC SARAP
250 g
angel hair pasta, cooked according to
package directions
6 pcs
prawns, butterflied
1/2 Tbsp
MAGGI MAGIC SARAP
2 Tbsp
vegetable oil, for grilling
Servings: 5-7
54
Directions:
1. Sauté the liempo in oil until golden
brown. Add the shrimp and sauté for
30 seconds.
2. Add the ginger, onions, and garlic.
Cook for 2minutes. Add shrimp paste.
3. Add the gabi leaves and siling labuyo.
Pour buko juice and coconut milk.
Bring to simmer and cook for about 1
hour, or until the oil from the coconut
milk separates itself and the sauce has
been reduced. Season with MAGGI
MAGIC SARAP.
4. Pour in the coconut cream and let it
simmer for 20 to 25 minutes more, until the oil separates from the coconut
cream.
5. Check seasoning.
55
Directions:
6. Add the angel hair and toss until fully
coated.
7. To grill prawns, preheat a clean grill
over high heat. Season the prawns
with MAGGI MAGIC SARAP and coat
with oil.
8. Grill for 1-2minutes per side.
9. Serve with Laing Pesto Pasta with
grilled prawns.
56
Lumpiang Gulay with
Lettuce Cups
This
highly
nutritious
dish that’s high in fiber
will fill you up, not fill
you out!
You will need:
4 cloves
garlic, minced
1 pc
small onion, sliced
3 Tbsp
vegetable oil
1 pc
large sweet potato, cut into strips
1 pc
large carrot, cut into strips
100 g
ground chicken
1 cup
sliced Baguio beans
1/2 head
medium cabbage, shredded
200 g
shrimps, shelled and deveined, reserve shells for juice
1/2 cup
shrimp shells, juiced in 1/2 cup water in a blender & strained
2 - 8g sachets
MAGGI MAGIC SARAP
1 head
large iceberg lettuce, seperated, washed and drained well
1/2 cup
peanuts, toasted and chopped
Sauce:
1/4 cup
vinegar
4 cloves
garlic, minced
1/4 cup
soy sauce
2 cups
water
3/4 cups
sugar
1 - 8g
sachet MAGGI MAGIC SARAP
2 Tbsp
cornstarch, dissolved in 2Tbsp water
Servings: 5-7
57
Directions:
1. For the sauce, simmer vinegar and
garlic in a pot for 5 minutes.
2. For the sauce, simmer vinegar and
garlic in a pot for 5 minutes.
3. Season with MAGGI MAGIC SARAP.
4. Slowly pour cornstarch mixture while
mixing to thicken the sauce. Set aside.
5. For the lumpia, sauté garlic and onion
oil.
6. Add sweet potato and carrot.
7. Add ground chicken and cook for two
minutes.
8. Add Baguio beans, cabbage, shrimp
and shrimp juice.
9. Simmer and season with MAGGI MAGIC SARAP. Remove from pan and remove from room temperature.
10.Serve on top of lettuce and garnish
with toasted peanuts and sauce on the
side.
58
Baguio Beans with
Sotanghon
Serve up these nutritious
noodles for long life and
a healthy budget.
You will need:
1/4 cup
vegetable oil
1 pc
medium onion, small diced
1 head
garlic, minced
250 g
ground pork
1 kg
Baguio beans, sliced into 3pieces each on a bias
1/2 cup
water
50 g
sotanghon noodles, soaked in water
3 - 8g sachet
MAGGI MAGIC SARAP
1/2 tsp
freshly ground black pepper
Servings: 11-13
59
Directions:
1. Heat oil in a large pan and sauté onions and garlic for 2minutes. Add the
ground pork and cook for 2minutes.
2. Add the Baguio beans and sauté for
2minutes.
3. Add water and stir to deglaze the pan.
4. Add the sotanghon noodles and season with MAGGI MAGIC SARAP and
pepper.
5. Cook for another 3 to 5 minutes.
Check seasoning.
6. Transfer into a serving plate and serve
hot.
60
Dinengdeng
Dinengdeng,
sometimes
called Inabraw, is a favorite Ilocano dish that
is made of local vegetables. It's rich in vitamin A, which helps improve eyesight and iron
which is very good for
the blood.
You will need:
2 cups
rice washing
1-8g sachet
MAGGI MAGIC SARAP
¼ cup
bagoong isda
250g
kalabasa, peeled, seeded and cut into 1 inch pieces
1 pc
large eggplant, sliced horizontally into 2 inches pieces
5 pcs
okra, cut into 2 pieces on an angle
5 pcs
sitaw, cut into 2 ½ inch pieces
250g
shrimp, trimmed
1 cup
saluyot
Servings: 2-4
61
Directions:
1. Bring rice washing to a simmer.
2. Season with MAGGI MAGIC SARAP and
bagoong isda.
3. Add kalabasa and simmer for 2
minutes. Add eggplant and simmer for
another 2 minutes. Add okra and sitaw
and simmer for 2 minutes.
4. Add shrimp and simmer for 1 minute.
Stir in saluyot, turn off heat and serve
immediately.
5. Add okra and sitaw and simmer for 2
minutes.
6. Add shrimp and simmer for 1 minute.
7. Stir in saluyot, turn off heat and serve
immediately.
62
Ginataang Sigarilyas
This tasty and budgetfriendly
recipe
is
a
great way to make sure
your kids finish their
vegetables.
You will need:
2 Tbsp
vegetable oil
100 g
ground pork
1 pc
small onion, small diced
4 cloves
garlic, minced
100 g
small shrimp, peeled
1 kg
sigarilyas, sliced
5 cups
coconut milk
3 - 8g sachet
MAGGI MAGIC SARAP
Servings: 2-4
63
Directions:
1. Heat oil in a pan. Add the ground pork
and cook until browned.
2. Add the onion and garlic.
3. Add the sigarilyas and coconut milk.
Simmer until the sigarilyas are tender.
4. Add shrimp and season with MAGGI
MAGIC SARAP and remove from the
heat and serve immediately.
64
Fish and Veggie Tempura
Try making this different
and healthier spin on
your usual tempura right
at home.
You will need:
2 pcs
medium sweet potatoes, cut into 1/4 inch thick slices
4 pcs
medium eggplant, sliced on 1/2 inch bias
2 - 8g sachets
MAGGI MAGIC SARAP
2 liters
cooking oil for deep frying
Tempura Batter:
1/2 cup
all-purpose flour
1/2 cup
cornstarch
1/2 tsp
baking soda
1 tsp
baking powder
2 tsp
MAGGI MAGIC SARAP
1 pc
egg, beaten
2/3 cup
ice water
1 thumb-size
ginger, grated
2 Tbsp
MAGGI OYSTER SAUCE
1 Tbsp
brown sugar
1 cup
water
1 Tbsp
grated radish
1/2 Tbsp
MAGGI MAGIC SARAP
Servings: 2-4
65
Directions:
1. Prepare Tempura sauce by combining
ginger, MAGGI OYSTER SAUCE, sugar,
water and radish. Bring to low simmer.
Season with MAGGI MAGIC SARAP.
Check seasoning and set aside.
2. Preheat oil for deep frying over medium heat.
3. For the tempura batter, sift flour, cornstarch, baking soda and baking powder in a large bowl. Whisk in egg and
ice water to create a thin pancake batter consistency. Season with MAGGI
MAGIC SARAP and set aside.
4. Season fish, sweet potato and eggplant with MAGGI MAGIC SARAP separately.
5. Dip into the Tempura batter and deep
fry in oil for 2-3 minutes. Place in a
rack to drain excess oil.
66
Ginisang Sayote
A simple, healthy dish
that's as light on the
budget as it is in calories.
You will need:
1 Tbsp
vegetable oil
2 cloves
garlic, minced
1 pc
small onion, sliced
2 pcs
small tomatoes, sliced
2 Tbsp
hibe or dried shrimps (optional)
500 g
sayote, peeled, quartered, seeded and sliced on a bias
3/4 cup
water
1 - 8g sachet
MAGGI MAGIC SARAP
Servings: 2-4
67
Directions:
1. Sauté the garlic, onions, and tomatoes
in oil for 2minutes.
2. Add sayote and hibe and cook for another 3 minutes.
3. Pour in water and bring it to simmer.
Season with MAGGI MAGIC SARAP.
4. Remove from heat and serve immediately.
68
Sistemang PalayCheck para sa
Palayang may Patubig
69
Sistemang PalayCheck para sa Palayang may
Patubig
Ang PalayCheck ay isang gabay sa pagpapalayan o sistema ng
pamamahala ng palay na:
Nagpapakita ng pinakamahusay na teknolohiya para makamit
ang Key Check;
Humihikayat sa mga magsasaka na ikumpara sa kanilang
kasalukuyang pamamaraan ng pagsasaka ang mga rekomendadong pamamaraan; at
Nagtuturo sa pamamagitan ng sama-samang diskusyon ng
mga magsasaka nang sa gayon ay maiwasto ang mga pagkukulang sa pagpapalayan at maitaas ang ani at kita at mapanatiling ligtas ang kapaligiran.
Estratehiya ng PalayCheck
Ang pagkatuto ng mga magsasaka ng sama-sama sa pamamagitan
ng regular na pulong at palitan ng kuru-kuro at pansariling mga
karanasan ay kaila-ngan upang matulungan ang mga magsasaka
na matutunan ang PalayCheck. Sa mga pulong na ito at sa pamamagitan ng technology demonstrations, naikukumpara ang paraan
ng pagsasaka, pama-mahala, dami, at kalidad ng ani (Kahon 1).
Ang PalayCheck ay gumagamit ng mga sumusunod na estratehiya:
Pagpakete ng mga importanteng teknolohiya bilang Key Check.
Paggawa nang kasama ang isang grupo ng magsasaka upang
alamin ang mga prob-lema sa bukid, ipakita ang mga Key
Check, at tulungan ang mga magsasakang matutunan ang
PalayCheck sa pamamagitan ng pagku-kumpara sa ibang mga
magsasaka ng kanilang mga gawa, pamamahala, at ani,
gayundin ng kita.
Pagtuturo sa mga magsasaka kung paano suriin ang kanilang
pangkasalukuyang pag-gawa sa bukid, at kung paano pagagandahin pa ang kanilang pamamahala gamit ang mga Key Check.
Pagsubaybay at pagtatala ng mga ginamit sa bukid at pagkamit
70
ng mga Key Check sa bawat yugto ng paglaki ng palay.
Pagtulong sa mga magsasaka na tayahin ang Key Check at alamin ang mga kadahilanan ng pagkamit o hindi pagkamit ng Key
Check.
Pagsasagawa ng PalayCheck
Ang bawat lugar na paggaganapan ng PalayCheck ay dapat
magkaroon ng isang demonstration field upang ipakita ang mga
rekomendasyon, isang grupo ng mga magsasaka, at piling mga
tagapamagitan o resource person. Ang demonstration field ay isa
sa mga bukid ng mga magsasakang kabilang sa grupo. Mas maganda kung ang bukid na ito ay may lawak na hindi bababa sa kalahating ektarya, malapit sa daan, medyo malayo sa bukid na
ginamitan ng ibang teknolohiya, at malapit sa lugar kung saan
regular na magdaraos ng pagpupulong.
Ang binhi at mga pataba ay maaaring ipagkaloob ng libre upang
masiguradong masususnod ang mga rekomendasyon. Ang huwarang bukid o demonstration field ang magiging batayan ng
pagtaya ng mga kalakasan at kahinaan ng pamamahala ng bawat
magsasaka at mga talakayan at pag-aaral ng mga kinakailangang
pagbabago upang mapataas ang ani at kita. Ang mga kalapitbukid ng mga kabilang sa grupo ay may kalayaang pumili kung
susundin nila o hindi ang mga rekomendasyon ng PalayCheck.
Ang grupo na magsasagawa ng PalayCheck ay mayroong 15-25
na magsasaka na kabilang sa iisang komunidad o lugar. Ang
grupo ay magpu-pulong bago, habang, at pagkatapos magsaka
upang mapag-aralan ang mga pamamaraan ng pagsasaka, pagsalakay ng mga peste, pagtaas ng ani at kita, at kondisyon ng
panahon; ikumpara ang PalayCheck demonstration field o demo
field ng farmer-partner sa ibang magsasakang kabilang sa grupo o
farmer-cooperator; talakayin ang mga dahilan kung bakit nakamit
o hindi nakamit ang mga Key Check base sa kanilang mga kaalaman at karanasan; plano para sa mga gawain sa susunod na pagpupulong; at pagtatala ng mga gawain at resulta sa demo field at
sa bukid ng ibang farmer-cooperators.
71
Ang mga pamamaraan ng pagsasaka, pagka-kamit o hindi ng Key
Check, at dami ng ani ay susuriin sa bawat lugar. Ang resulta ng
pagtaya ay ipaaalam sa huling pagpupulong (pagkatapos umani)
kung saan magkakaroon ng huling pagsusuri at pagbibigaykahulugan sa pagkamit ng Key Check at kinalabasan ng ani ng
bawat magsasakang kasama sa grupo.
Tunay na ang PalayCheck ay makatutulong sa mga magsasakang
magkaroon ng mas mataas na ani sa pamamagitan ng wastong
pamama-hala ng palay, subalit dapat pa rin bigyang-diin ang pamamaraan ng pagkatuto dito. Ang pagka-tutong ito ay nagaganap
bago magtanim, habang lumalaki ang palay, at matapos anihin
ang palay. Maaaring ikumpara ng isang magsasaka sa grupo ang
kaniyang pagkakaganap at pamama-hala sa inaasahang kalalabasan (ani, kalidad, epekto sa kapaligiran) o pagkamit ng Key
Check.
Dahil sa kakulangan sa pera, mayroong mga pagkakataon na ang
ibang magsasaka sa grupo ay hindi lubos na sinusunod ang mga
rekomendasyon ng PalayCheck. Ang pagtatagum-pay, problema,
at pagkabigo ay maintindihan at dahil dito, ang mga karampatang
pagbabago ay maisasagawa sa susunod na taniman.
Pagsubaybay at pagtatala ng mga ginamit sa bukid at pagkamit
ng mga Key Check sa bawat yugto ng paglaki ng palay.
Pagtulong sa mga magsasaka na tayahin ang Key Check at alamin ang mga kadahilanan ng pagkamit o hindi pagkamit ng Key
Check.
72
Mga Hakbang ng PalayCheck
1. Pamahalaan ang mga tanim na palay gamit ang Key
Check.Ang PalayCheck ay gumawa ng isang pakete ng rekomendadong teknolohiya. Bigyang-diin sa mga magsasaka na
ang Key Check ang pinakamaha-lagang rekomendasyon upang
maabot ang mataas na ani at ito ay nangangailangan ng
atensyon at panahon. Ang isang yugto ng pama-mahala ng
palay ay maaaring magkaroon higit pa sa isang Key Check.
Ang bawat batayang ito ay iniayos nang may estruktura. Kung
kaya ang bawat Key Check ay mayroong sumusunod:
Yugto ng Pamamahala. Halimbawa, sa Kalidad ng Ani, Ang
Key Check ay "Gumamit ng certified seeds ng rekomendadong
barayti".
Pagtaya ng Key Check. Ito ang tagapagsaad o tumitiyak sa
pamamaraan upang malaman kung nakamit o hindi ang Key
Check. Halimabawa, Ang binhi ng mas pinagandang barayti ng
palay ay sertipikado ng NSQCS na pinatutunayan ng tarheta o
tag sa sako. Kung ito ay nakamit, bigyan ng tsek (/). Kung
hindi naman, ito ay bigyan ng ekis (x).
Kahalagahan. Ipinakikita nito kung bakit mahalaga ang Key
Check sa pagkamit ng mithiing pagtaas ng ani. Halimbawa,
ang certified seeds o sertipikadong binhi ay puro, malinis, buo
at pare-pareho ang sukat, at may pagtubong hindi bababa sa
85%.
Rekomendadong pamamahala. Ang mga gawain na
kailangan upang makamit ang Key Check at kaakibat na pamamaraan sa pagpapalay ay ipinaliliwanag. Halimbawa, pumili ng
barayti na may potensyal na umani ng mataas, mabili sa
merkado, at subok na sa technology demonstration o adaptability trial. Ang mga rekomendadong gawain o pamama-raan
ay ang inputs samantalang ang mga Key Check naman ay ang
outputs.
2. Obserbahan, sukatin, at itala ang paglaki ng palay at
isinagawang pamamahala. Hikayatin at gabayan ang mga
magsasaka na obserbahan ang palay ng regular at tingnan ito ng
malapitan sa pamamagitan ng paglusong sa bukid, at hindi ng
basta pagtingin lamang sa malayuan. Habang naglalakad sa
73
bukid, ipakita sa kanila kung paano sukatin ang paglaki o
pagyabong ng palay at ang pagsasagawa ng pamamahala. Gumamit ng ruler, magbilang, o magtimbang. Huwag manghula. Itala
ang mga sukat. Ang pagtatala ay mahalagang parte ng paggamit
ng PalayCheck upang masigu-rado na magagamit pa ang mga impormasyong ito sa hinaharap. Gamitin ang mga nakalaang talaan
o ang isang kwaderno. Huwag umasa sa inyong memorya; magtala ng mga detalye.
3. Magkumpara at bigyang-kahulugan ang mga resulta
upang
malaman
kung
ano
ang
problema.
Gabayan ang mga magsasaka sa pagbibigay-halaga at pagsusuri
ng relasyon sa pagitan ng mga paraan ng pamamahala, pagsusukat, at kinalabasang ani upang malaman kung ano pa ang
maaaring magawa upang mapaganda ang ani. Tanungin sila kung
paano nila nakuha ang ganoong ani.
4. Gumawa ng paraan upang maitama ang problema sa pamamahala
sa
susunod
na
taniman.
Tulungan ang mga magsasaka na pagandahin ang pamamahala
nila sa palay upang maiwasan ang hindi magandang resulta, o
ulitin ang mga pamamaraan na nagbigay ng magandang ani. Matuto mula sa inyong mga karanasan. (Kahon 2)
74
KEY CHECK 1:
Gumamit ng mataas na kalidad
na binhi ng rekomendadong
barayti.
Ang paggamit ng de kalidad na binhi
ay nakakadagdag ng 5-10% sa ani dahil ito ay:
kakaunti ang halong buto ng mga
damo at ng ibang barayti/pananim;
puno at pantay ang laki;
walang pipis at pantay ang hugis o
laki;
walang peste o sakit na nagmumula
sa binhi (seed-borne);
may antas ng pagsibol na hindi
bababa sa 85%;
ang paggamit nito ay nangangailangan ng kakaunting dami ng
binhi na nagreresulta sa mas pantay-pantay at malulusog na
punla; at
nagreresulta sa malulusog na punla na mas matatag sa peste
at sakit.
Ang pantay na pagtubo ng mga punla ay nagpapahusay sa pagtatanim at pag-aani ng palay. Ang pagtaas ng ani ay nasisiguro
sa paggamit ng mataas na kalidad ng binhi ng rekomendadong
barayti sa mga lokal na kondisyon.
Pagtataya ng Keycheck
Ang binhing gagamitin ay sertipikado ng National Seed Quality
Control Services (NSQCS) na mapatutunayan ng isang balidong tag (kulay pula kung ito ay foundation seeds, berde para
sa registered seeds, at asul kung ito ay certified seeds).
Kung ang binhi ay inani ng magsasaka o inani mula sa certified
seeds, kailangang nakapasa ito sa germination test
Ang barayti ay kailangang akma sa kapaligiran (halimbawa,
may barayti sa sakahang may patubig, sahod-ulan, sakahang
maalat o pinapasok ng tubig alat); sumasagot sa karaniwang
problema sa lugar (hal. resistensya o kakayahang magtagal sa
istres); o di kaya ay nagpakita ng magandang performance sa
higit 2 season ng field trials. Ang resulta ng multi-adaption tri-
75
Mga Rekomendasyon upang makamit ang Key Check
Bumili ng mga binhi mula sa mga accredited seed growers o sa
mga miyembro ng National Rice Seed Production Network
(SeedNet).
Kung walang accredited seed growers sa lugar, kumuha ng
mga
binhi
sa
mga
mapagkakatiwalaang
magsasaka
(halimabawa, mga magsasaka na ang sakahan ay may pantay
na pagtubo ng pananim) o di kaya ay magparami ng mga binhi
na may mataas na kalidad sa pamamagitan ng pagsunod sa
tamang mga hakbang, lalo na ang pagtatanggal ng mga halo o
off-types. Subalit, siguruhing maisagawa ang seed germination
test upang masiguro ang kalidad. Kailangang may antas ng
pagsibol na di bababa sa 85%.
Kung ang barayti ay hindi pa nasubukan sa lugar, magsagawa
ng paunang pagpili base sa rekomendadong kapaligiran at
panahon ng pagtatanim. Pagkatapos, magsagawa ng trial nang
di bababa sa dalawang cropping seasons sa lugar. Sundin ang
tamang paraan ng pagsasagawa ng adaptability trial.
Sa mga lugar na sahod-ulan, ang mga magsasaka ay kadalasang gumagamit ng mga barayti para sa sakahang may tiyak
na patubig dahil sa walang mapagkukunan ng mga barayti para sa sahod-ulan. Inirerekomenda na pumili muna ng mga
barayti na para sa kapaligirang sahod-ulan. Isaalang-alang din
ang mga tradisyonal na barayti o yaong mga ginagamit na sa
rehiyon para sa sakahang sahod-ulan.
Madalas na gusto ng mga magsasaka ang mga bagong barayti
sa paniniwalang umaani ito ng marami. Subalit, ang barayti ay
inilalabas hindi lamang dahil sa taas ng ani. Ito ay maaaring
may mas magandang kalidad ng butil, o resistensya sa peste.
Kung kaya, importanteng alamin ang mga katangian ng mga
barayti at magsagawa ng adaptability trials.
76
KEY CHECK 2:
Walang mataas o mababang lupa na
makikita matapos ang huling
pagpapatag.
Ang lupang patag ay:
nakatutulong sa mahusay na pamamahala ng tubig;
nakakabawas ng pangangailangan sa
tubig upang patubigan ang pinitak;
nakatutulong sa pantay na pagpapatubig
at pagpapatuyo; (drainage)
nakatutulong sa sabay-sabay na paglaki
ng mga halaman;
nagpapadali sa paggamit ng makinarya sa pag-aani; at
nagpapadali sa pagsasagawa ng controlled irrigation.
Ang lahat ng ito ay nakatutulong sa mas mahusay na pagaabono; pamamahala sa damo; at pamamahala sa kuhol. Kung
kakaunti ang kuhol, mas kakaunti ang nasisirang tundos, at mas
madali ang paghuhulip.
Pagtataya ng Keycheck
Sa panahon ng pagpapatag ng lupa, ang bukid ay dapat mayroong tubig na may lalim na 2-5 sentimetro (halos kasing taas ng
hinlalaki ng kamay). Wala dapat makikitang tumpok ng lupa matapos ang huling pagpapatag.
77
Mga Rekomendasyon upang makamit ang Key Check
Pag-aararo. Araruhin ang mga damo at pinaggapasan ng may
lalim na 10 hanggang 15 sentimetro (sm) mula 3 hanggang 4
na linggo bago maglipat-tanim o sabog-tanim para magkaroon
ito ng sapat na panahon upang mabulok at makapagbigay ng
sustansya sa lupa. Ang drainage/ magandang patapunan ng
tubig ay nakatutulong upang maalis ang mga toxic o nakalalasong elemento sa bukid, nakatutulong upang mabulok ang
mga bagay na organiko sa lupa, at nakatutulong upang humaba at tumibay ang mga ugat ng palay. Mas mabilis ang
pagkabulok sa lupang mamasa-masa.
Linisin at ayusin ang mga kanal at pilapil. Ang mga dike ay
dapat linisin upang umalis ang mga peste; siksikin upang maiwasan ang pagtagas ng tubig; at panatilihing may taas na 15
sm at lapad na 20 sm upang maiwasan ang paglulungga ng
mga daga dito. Ang mga ditches o pilapil ay makatutulong
upang magkaroon ng pantay na distribusyon ng tubig sa bukid
at magandang drainage.
Pagsusuyod. Suyurin ang lupa ng hindi bababa sa dalawang
beses na may pagitan na isang linggo. Ang unang pagsusuyod
ay dapat isagawa isang linggo matapos ang pag-araro upang
mabasag/madurog ang mga tingkal ng lupa at upang maihalo
sa lupa ang mga pinaggapasan at mga damo. Sa pangalawang
pagsusuyod, na sya ring unang pagpapatag, suyurin ang lupa
sa pahalang na direksyon ng unang pagsusuyod. Makatutulong
ito upang tumubo ang mga nahulog na buto ng palay at damo.
Ang ganitong mga kasanayan ay nakatutulong upang mabawasan ang paunang populasyon ng mga peste at halo sa mga
barayting itatanim, at mapanatili ang hardpan.
Patagin ang lupa. Gumamit ng paletang kahoy o leveler.
Gumawa ng maliliit na kanal. Para sa sabog-tanim na palay,
gumawa ng maliliit na kanal malapit sa pilapil na nakapaikot
sa bukid at sa gitna ng pinitak upang magsilbing lagusan ng
labis na tubig, hulihan/pulutan ng mga kuhol, at upang
mapadali ang iba’t ibang gawaing-bukid gaya ng paghuhulip at
pagdadamo.
78
KEY CHECK 3 & 4:
Nagsagawa ng sabayang pagtatanim matapos pagpahingahin
ang lupa
Ang sabayang pagtatanim ay nakatutulong upang maiwasan ang pagdami
ng populasyon ng mga pesteng kulisap
at sakit ng palay.
Ang isang buwang pagkakatiwangwang
o pagpapahinga ng lupa ay nagsisilbing
hadlang sa inog ng buhay ng mga pesteng kulisap at sinisira nito ang pinamamahayan ng mga sakit.
Ang tubig-irigasyon sa komunidad ay
kailangang isaalang-alang sa pamamaraang ito.
Pagtataya ng Keycheck
Ang palayan ay dapat nakapagpahinga ng hindi bababa sa 30 araw. Ito ay dapat nataniman 14 na araw bago at 14 na araw matapos mataniman ang karamihan sa lugar na nasasakupan ng irigasyon.
Mga Rekomendasyon upang makamit ang Key Check
Panatilihing nakatiwangwang o walang tanim ang bukid na hindi bababa ng 1 buwan mula sa pagkaani hanggang sa muling
pagtatanim. Mahahadlangan nito ang inog ng buhay ng mga
peste at makatutulong din ito upang maging matagumpay ang
pamamahala sa tanim na palay.
Sundin ang kalendaryo ng pagtatanim. Makatutulong ito upang
mas maraming bukid sa komunidad ang maabot ng tubigirigasyon.
79
KEY CHECK 5:
Sapat na sustansiya sa panahon
ng pagsusuwi hanggang paglilihi
at pamumulaklak.
Ang tamang dami ng sustansiya mula sa pagsusuwi hanggang paglilihi
at pamumulaklak ay nakakasiguro
ng mabuting pagtubo ng pananim,
pag-uuhay, at pag-abot ng potensyal na ani.
Tandaan:
Ang labis na sustansiya ay nakakaakit sa mga pesteng kulisap at
mas madaling kapitan ng sakit at
nagreresulta sa mga halamang
madaling dumapa, at iba pa.
Ang kakulangan sa sustansiya at ang paglalagay nito sa di tamang panahon ay maaaring makapagpabagal sa pagtubo ng
mga halaman, makapagdulot ng kakaunting suwi, at magaang
timbang ng butil.
Pagtataya ng Keycheck
Walang kakulangan sa sustansiya at pagkalason (toxicity) mula
sa pagsusuwi hanggang paglilihi at pamumulaklak na maaring
makapagpahina sa pagtubo, pagkabuo, at ani ng palay.
Sa yugto ng pamumulaklak, sikaping kamtin ang mga sumusunod:
LIPAT-TANIM:
hindi bababa sa 210 uhay kada metro kuwadrado sa sahodulan (rainfed lowland)
300 uhay kada metro kuwadrado sa sakahang may patubig
(irrigated lowland)
SABOG-TANIM:
270 uhay kada metro kuwadrado sahod ulan; at
80
350 uhay kada metro kuwadrado sa sakahang may patubig.
Upang tayahin ang dami ng uhay, pasumalang pumili ng tatlong
sampling sites sa hiris na linya sa ibayo ng bukirin. Ang mga
sampling sites ay dapat na hindi bababa sa 1 metro mula sa gilid
ng pinitak. Bilangin ang mga uhay sa loob ng 1m x 1m parisukat
na sampling site. Pagsama-samahin ang bilang ng dami ng mga
uhay mula sa tatlong sampling sites at hatiin sa tatlo ang kabuuan upang makuha ang average o karaniwang dami ng uhay
kada metro kuwadrado.
Mga Rekomendasyon upang makamit ang Key Check
Alamin at pamahalaan ang kinakailangang sustansiya ng iyong
pananim base sa makukuhang impormasyon, pagtaya ng sustansiya at iba pang gamit sa pagpapasiya.
Ang tamang pamamahala ng mga sustansiya ay nakapagpapabuti sa paglaki at ani ng palay. Ito ay nangangahulugan
ng pagbibigay ng tama at napapanahong sustansiya ayon sa
kailangan ng pananim na palay.
Para sa nitroheno (N), pamahalaan ang pangangailangan sa N
ng halaman base sa leaf color chat (LCC). Mula sa pagsusuwi
hanggang sa maagang yugto ng pamumulaklak, maglagay ng
abonong N (1.5 sako ng urea kada ektarya sa tag-init at 1 sako
ng urea kada ektarya sa tag-ulan) kung ang basa sa LCC ay
mababa sa 4 para sa lipat-tanim at mababasa sa 3 para sa sabog-tanim.
Para sa ibang sustansiya, tayahin ang kasapatan ng mga ito sa
pamamagitan ng Minus-One Element Technique (MOET), Nutrient Omission Plot Technique (NOPT) at Soil Test Kit (STK).
Maliban sa kakulangan sa sustansiya, isaalang-alang ang pagkalason dulot ng mga mineral sa pagpapasiya ng kung anong sustansiya ang ilalagay. Maaaring gamitin ang ibang soil fertility assessment methods sa pagtaya ng estado ng mga sustansiya sa
lupa.
81
Magsagawa ng MOET 30 araw bago maglipat-tanim o sabogtanim at tayahin ang status ng sustansiya base sa mga sintomas
ng kakulangan ng sustansiya at sa paglaki ng palay.
Magsagawa ng Nutrient Omission Plot Test sa loob ng panahon
ng pagtatanim (cropping season). Gumawa ng dalawang 5m x
5m nutrient omission plots (NOP) upang tayahin ang sumusunod:
1) ang indigenous na suplay ng posporo o IPS (may N at K ngnit
walang P abono); at 2) indigenous na suplay ng Potasyo o IKS
(May N at P ngunit walang K abono). Ang mga NOPs ay nakatutulong sa mga magsasaka na obserbahan ang kakulangang sustansiya lalo na kung Farmers’ Field Day.
Nitroheno
Ang nitroheno ay:
nagpapatangkad sa palay,
nagpaparami ng suwi,
nagpapalapad ng dahon,
nakakapagparami ng butil sa bawat uhay,
nakapagtataas sa porsiyento ng butil na may laman o filled
grains at taglay na protina ng mga butil.
Gumamit ng LCC bawat 7 araw mula 14 araw matapos maglipattanim (APT) o 21 araw matapos magsabog-tanim (APS) hanggang sa maagang pamumulaklak. Kung ang 14-14-14-12S ay
nailagay sa loob ng 0-14 APT o APS, ang pagbasa ng LCC ay
magsisimula nang 21 APT o APS. Magsagawa ng di bababa sa 10
pagbasa at kung higit sa 5 sa 10 dahon ay may basa na bumababa sa kritikal na kuwenta, maglagay ng akmang dami ng abonong N depende sa panahon (tag-init o tag-ulan). Gumamit ng
ammonium sulfate sa halip na urea sa mga lugar na kulang sa
sulfur kung hindi nakapaglagay ng S sa unang paglalagay ng
abono.
Kung nagkaroon ng tagtuyo sa mga nasabing yugto ng paglaki,
huwag maglagay ng abonong N. Subalit, ang abonong N ay
maaring ilagay hanggang sa maagang yugto ng pamumulaklak
kung mayroong tubig. Sa mga lugar na bahain, ang paglalagay
ng N ay hindi rekomendado kung ang pananim ay nakalubog sa
tubig. Ang paglalagay ng N ay maaring ipagpatuloy kung ang
82
taas ng tubig ay 20 sentimetro o mas mababa, ngunit ang
paglalagay ng N ay maaari lamang isagawa hanggang sa pagbubuntis ng palay.
Posporo at Potasyo
Ang mga compound fertilizers (halimbawa, 14-14-14-12s, 16-200, atbp.) o single carrier fertilizers (0-18-0, 0-0-60) ay maaring
gamitin upang punan ang mga kakulangan depende sa lokal na
kalagayan ng lupa at klima, kalagayan ng pamamahala, target
na ani, at pagkakaroon nito sa pamilihan.
Ang abonong Posporo ay importante sa:
paghaba ng mga ugat,
pagsusuwi,
maagang pamumulaklak at paghihinog
Ang mga palay na kulang sa P ay bansot at mababang bilang
ng mga suwi na may manipis at mala-karayom na tangkay, at
makitid, maikli, tirik, at matingkad na berdeng mga dahon.
Ang potasyo naman ay:
nagpapabuti sa pagtubo ng ugat,
nakatutulong sa pagkaroon ng magandang bulas, at
nakatutulong laban sa pagdapa.
Ang potasyo rin ay nakapagpapabuti sa resistensiya ng palay sa
mga peste. Ang kakulangan sa K ay hindi madalas na nakikita
dahil sa ang mga sintomas nito ay hindi madaling makilala di
tulad ng kakulangan sa N, at ito ay lumalabas lamang sa mga
huling yugto ng paglaki ng palay. Ang mga halamang kulang sa K
ay may matingkad na berde na may dilaw sa gilid ng dahon at
may mala-kapeng batik sa magugulang na mga dahon. Kalaunan, nag-iiba rin ang kulay ng mga batang dahon.
83
Sulfur
Ang kakulangan sa sulfur ay madalas na napagkakamalang kakulangan sa N. Di tulad ng kakulangan sa N kung saan ang mga
magulang na dahon ay unang apektado, ang kakulangan sa S ay
nagreresulta sa paninilaw ng mga batang dahon, pagkabansot,
kakaunting suwi, kakaunti at maiikling uhay, kakunting butil sa
bawat uhay, at naantalang paggulang.
Zinc
Ang kakulangan sa sulfur ay madalas na napagkakamalang kakulangan sa N. Di tulad ng kakulangan sa N kung saan ang mga
magulang na dahon ay unang apektado, ang kakulangan sa S ay
nagreresulta sa paninilaw ng mga batang dahon, pagkabansot,
kakaunting suwi, kakaunti at maiikling uhay, kakunting butil sa
bawat uhay, at naantalang paggulang.
Ang kakulangan sa Zinc ay ang pinakakaraniwang problema ng
micronutrients sa palay. Ang mga sintomas nito ay lumalabas sa
loob ng 2-4 linggo matapos maglipat-tanim.
Ang mga sintomas ng kakulangan ay:
malaalikabok na kulay-kayumangging mga batik sa magulang
na mga dahon,
naninilaw na mga batang dahon sa puno at gitnang ugat ng
dahon,
pagkabansot at hindi pantay na tubo ng palay, at
mga patse ng mga tundos na hindi naitanim nang mabuti.
Ang mga halamang palay, sa kabilang banda, ay nakababawi sa
mga sintomas matapos na ang pinitak ay naalisan ng tubig. Ang
malubhang kakulangan sa Zinc ay nagreresulta sa kakaunting
suwi at naaantalang paggulang.
84
Mga Rekomendasyon sa Pag-aabono
Soil Nutrient Status
P and K are not deficient
Wet Season Yield Target 5 t/ha
First application:
3-3.5 bags 14-14-14-14-12S
Dry Season Yield Target 7 t/ha
First application:
4-4.5 bags 14-14-14-14-12S
P and K are deficient
For fine-textured soil:
First application:
3-3.5 bags 14-14-14-14-12S +
0.5 bag 16-20-0 + 0.5 bag 0-0-60
For fine-textured soil:
First application:
4-4.5 bags 14-14-14-14-12S +
1 bag 16-20-0 + 1 bag 0-0-60
For medium-textured soil:
First application:
3.5 bags 14-14-14-14-12S + 0.5 bag
16-20-0
For medium-textured soil:
First application:
4.5 bags 14-14-14-14-12S +
1 bag 16-20-0
At EPI:
0.5 bag 0-0-60
At EPI:
1 bag 0-0-60
Only P is deficient
First application:
3-3.5 bags 14-14-14-14-12S +
0.5 16-20-0
First application:
4-4.5 bags 14-14-14-14-12S +
1 bag 16-20-0
Only K is deficient
For fine-textured soil:
First application:
3-3.5 bags 14-14-14-14-12S +
0.5 bag 0-0-60
For fine-textured soil:
First application:
4-4.5 bags 14-14-14-14-12S +
1 bag 0-0-60
For medium-textured soil:
First application:
3.5 bags 14-14-14-14-12S +
0.5 bag 0-0-60
For medium-textured soil:
First application:
4.5 bags 14-14-14-14-12S + 0.5
bag 0-0-60
At EPI:
0.5 bag 0-0-60
At EPI:
1 bag 0-0-60
85
KEY CHECK 6:
Naiwasan ang sobra o kulang na
patubig na nakaaapekto sa
paglaki at ani ng palay.
Ang tubig ang nagdadala ng mahahalagang sustansiya mula sa lupa tungo sa iba’t-ibang bahagi ng palay.
Ang sapat na patubig ay nagreresulta
sa maganda at malusog na tanim, magandang bulas, at normal na paglaki at
mataas na ani.
Pagtataya ng Keycheck
Walang palatandaan o sintomas ng sobra sa tubig ang makikita
sa panahon ng pagdadahon, gaya ng kaunting suwi at makikitid
na dahon. Sobra ang pagpapatubig kung ang bukid ay may tubig
na may lalim na 5 sentimetro o mas malalim pa ng higit sa 7 araw.
Hindi dapat makakita ng sintomas ng kakula-ngan ng tubig
sa panahon ng pagdadahon, gaya ng:
pagbilot ng dahon,
pagkatuyo ng dulo ng dahon,
makitid na dahon,
bansot na tanim, at
kakaunting suwi.
Hindi dapat kakitaan ng mga sintomas ng kakulangan sa tubig sa
paglilihi hanggang paglalaman ng butil, gaya ng pagbi-bilot ng
dahon, pagkatutyo ng dulo ng dahon, mahinang paglabas ng mga
uhay, at maraming butil na walang laman.
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Para sa mga 120-araw na binhi, ang paglilihi ay karaniwang nangyayari 40-45 ALT o 61-65 AST, at nahihinog 70-100 ALT o 91-120
AST. Malabato na ang yugto, isa hanggang dalawang linggo bago
gumulang o anihin.
Pagtataya ng Keycheck
Magkaroon ng 3-5 sentimetro (sm) na lalim ng tubig sa tuwing
magpapatubig mula sa pana-hon ng pagsusuwi hanggang 1 o 2
linggo bago umani.
Ang pagpapanatili ng 3-5 sm na lalim ng tubig (halos kasing
taas ng hinlalaki sa kamay) mula 10 ALT o 15 AST hanggang sa
paggulang ng butil ay magbibigay ng kasiguraduhan na may
sapat na tubig para sa maayos na paglaki at magandang ani ng
palay. Gayon pa man, posibleng hindi maging sapat ang tubigirigasyon upang panatilihing may tubig ang pinitak. Habang ang
pagpapa-lubog ng pinitak sa partikular na lalim ay nakasusugpo
sa mga mga damo, ang lupa naman na mamasa-masa lang sa
simula ng paglaki ng palay ay nakatu-tulong para hindi
gaanong maka-libot at makapinsala ang mga kuhol.
Ang kontroladong pagpapatubig o con-trolled irrigation na hindi
nakapag-dudulot ng kakulangan o pagkasobra sa tubig o makaa
-apekto sa pag-laki ng palay ay maaaring ipatu-pad para sa
episyenteng paggamit ng tubig. Bago muling magpatubig sa
ganitong sistema, ang taas ng tubig mula sa lupa na 5 sm ay
hinahayaang bumalong ng hanggang 15 sm sa ibaba ng lupa sa
tag-araw at 20 sm naman kung tag-ulan. Ito ay maaaring isagawa mula sa pagkalipat-tanim hanggang sa huling yugto ng
pagsu-suwi. Sa panahon ng pagsapaw o pamumulaklak, ay
panati-lihing 3-5 sm ang lalim ng tubig.
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Para malaman ang lalim ng perched water table, ibaon sa bukid
ang 20 sm ng tubo o kawayang may habang 30 sm. Lagyan ito
ng mga butas bago ibaon.
Patuyuan o huwag nang magpatubig 1-2 linggo bago umani.
Para sa mga medyo pinong lupa (galas), magpatuyo 1 linggo
bago mag-ani. Para naman sa lupang pino (lagkitin),
magpatuyo 2 linggo bago mag-ani..
Ito ay magbibigay ng kasiguruhan na may sapat na tubig pa sa
lupa upang mahusto ang paglalaman ng mga butil at mapadadali rin ang mga operasyon ng pag-aani. Makatu-tulong din
ito upang masigurado ang mas magandang mga butil, at hindi
matalam-sikan ng putik at tubig ang mga butil.
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KEY CHECK 7:
Hindi bumaba ang ani sanhi ng
pinsalang dulot ng mga peste.
Ang pamamahala ng peste ay bahagi ng
pagtatanim ng palay. Ang kaalaman sa
interaksiyon ng palay sa mga may buhay
na nakaaapekto sa kanyang paglaki
(biotic
factors),
kapaligiran
(agroecosystem), at sistema ng pangangalaga
ng tanim ay tiyak na makatutulong para
maunawaan ang kakayahang makapaminsala ng mga peste.
Pagtataya ng Keycheck
Hindi bumaba ang ani sanhi ng mga pesteng kulisap, sakit, damo, daga, kuhol at ibon. Malaki ang pinsalang nagawa ng mga
peste kung ito ay tulad ng isinasalarawan sa Talaan 4, Talaan 5,
at Talaan 6.
Mga Rekomendasyon upang makamit ang Key Check
Magtanim ng mga binhi na mataas ang resistensya sa peste at
sakit na karaniwan sa lugar. Ang paggamit ng maresistensyang barayti ang siyang pangunahing depensa sa pamamahala ng peste at angkop sa maka-kalikasang pagkontrol ng peste.
Magpalit o maghalili ng barayti tuwing ikalawa hanggang ikaapat na taniman para maabala ang paglaganap ng mga pesteng kulisap at mga sakit, at sa gayon ay maiwasan ang pagdami ng mga pesteng kulisap at mapaminsalang organismo na
nagdadala ng sakit.
Ipatupad sa komunidad ang sabayang pagtatanim matapos
pagpahingahin ang lupa o fallow period.
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Pangalagaan ang mga kapaki-pakinabang na organismo.
Maraming kapaki-pakinabang na organismo na naka-paligid sa
palayan na maaaring gamiting pamalit sa pestisidyo. Ang walang humpay o walang tigil na paggamit ng mga pestisidyo ay
sumisira sa balanse ng tamang dami ng mga pesteng kulisap at
kaibigang organismo. Ang pangangalaga sa mga kaibigang organismo ay ligtas, pinakamura, at pang-matagalan. Halimbawa,
ang mahabang sungot na tipaklong o grasshopper ay kumakain
sa mga kumpol na itlog ng stem borer at ang mga gagamba
naman ay kumakain ng mga inakay at matatandang ngusong
kabayo at hanip.
Pagkilala sa mga peste Kung ang isang pesteng kulisap o sakit ay hindi tiyak na makilala, sumangguni sa mga espesyalista
sa peste (entomologist/plant pathologist) upang makilala ang
mga organismo at malaman ang mga dapat isagawa hinggil dito tulad ng paggamit ng mga pestisidyo, biological agent, o kultural na pamamaraan.
Mga pangkaraniwang pesteng insekto sa palayan
Rice Bug
Rice Black Bug
Green Leaf Hopper
Yellow Stemborer Lava
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Mga karaniwang sakit ng palay
Bacterial Leaf Blight
Sheath Blight
Rice Blast
Tungro
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KEY CHECK 8:
Gumapas at gumiik ng palay sa
tamang panahon
Ang tamang paggapas at paggiik ay nakapagdurulot ng magandang kalidad na butil,
mahal na presyo sa merkado, at pagkagusto ng mga mamimili.
Pagtataya ng Keycheck
Anihin ang palay kung ang 20% o 1/5 na
ng mga butil sa batok ng uhay ay malabato na. Pisilin ang butil sa puno ng uhay
sa pamamagitan ng hinlalaki at hintuturo
upang malaman kung ito ay malabato na.
Kung kulay ginto na ang karamihan sa mga butil sa uhay, ito ay
pwede nang anihin.
Ang pag-aani ng mas maaga ay nagreresulta ng pagkagapas ng
maraming hindi pa hinog na mga butil at mababang porsiyento
lang ng bigas ang makukuha dito kapag giniling. Kung mas huli
naman, marami sa mga butil ang malulugas at maraming mawawala dahil sa pagkadurog sa panahon nang paggiling.
Mga Rekomendasyon upang makamit ang Key Check
Giikin agad ang palay ng hindi lalagpas sa 1 araw pagkaani para
sa tag-ulan at 2 araw naman kapag tag-araw. Gumamit ng malinis
na makinang panggiikna may tamang settings.Anihin ang palay
kung ang moisture content nito ay 20-25% kung tag-ulan at 1821% kung tag-araw. Iminumung-kahing gumamit ng Grain Moisture Meter.
Huwag imbakin ang mga naaning palay ng higit sa isang araw
sapagkat mag-iinit ang mga ito. Ito ay nagiging sanhi ng
pangingitim at pagbaba ng kalidad ng nagiling na palay.
Ilagay sa tamang bilis ang makinang panggiik (mga 800 rpm) para
maging maganda ang unang paglilinis ng aning palay. Ang masyadong mabilis na makinang pang-giik ay nagreresulta sa mas
mataas o mas maraming butil na sira, samantalang ang mabagal
naman na settings ay nagreresulta sa maraming palay na hindi
nagigiik at nasasayang lamang.
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Micronutrient Inadequacies in
Elementary School Children
Source: Linus Pauling Institute (http://lpi.oregonstate.edu )
Good childhood nutrition and a healthful diet have long been recognized as
critical for optimum health and well being throughout life. Inadequate micronutrientintake has been reported in children of communities with
low socioeconomic status. Studies indicate that excessive consumption of
calories from carbohydrates andfats (macronutrients) combined with inadequate consumption of vitamins and minerals (micronutrients) are a major
problem in U.S. children. Obesity and type II diabetes are more prevalent in
children of families with low socio-economic status and limited access to nutrient-dense foods. However, the incidence of obesity and type II diabetes
also have steadily increased in children of communities with higher socioeconomic and educational status (Search for Diabetes in Youth Study
Group., 2009; Ogden et al., 2010).
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the intake of macronutrients and micronutrients of children in four elementary schools in Corvallis,
OR, where most parents have the necessary resources and access to
healthful, nutrient-dense foods, in particular fruits and vegetables. 175 children, ages five to eleven years, participated in our study. They were asked
to record their dietary intake during
the previous week on a two-page food
questionnaire that was specifically developed for elementary school-aged
children. Nutrient intake estimates
from the questionnaires were compared to current dietary intake recommendations to evaluate the children’s
nutrient status. We also obtained a
blood sample from 71 children to
measure vitamin D body status. Since
most of the vitamin D present in our
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body is synthesized in the skin upon sun exposure and only some is derived
from the diet, blood vitamin D levels are the best indicator of a person’s vitamin D status.
We found that 60 percent of the younger children (5 to 8 years old) and 78
percent of the older children (9 to 11 years old) did not meet the recommended intake for fiber. Low fiber intake, mainly from legumes and whole
grains, has been associated with a greater risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and chronic diseases. Not surprisingly, most of the children had a diet high in saturated fat (81 percent) and sodium (89 percent). None of them
met the income recommendations for potassium, which – together with the
high sodium intake – does not bode well for the children’s risk of developing high blood pressure later in life. In addition, none of the children met the
intake recommendations forvitamin E, and 22 percent did not get
enough vitamin K, which is required for normal blood clotting.
It is well known that U.S. children do not consume enough calcium-rich
foods, with sugary sodas increasingly replacing milk consumption. Consistently, we found that the older children in our study consumed less dairy
products and fat and more sugar-enriched foods and beverages than the
younger children. Adequate intake of calcium throughout childhood and adolescence is critical for proper mineralization of growing bones, attainment
of peak bone mass, and reduction of the risk forosteoporosis in adulthood.
We found that 16 percent of the younger children and 45 percent of the older
ones did not meet the dietary intake recommendations for calcium.
Vitamin D is essential for maintaining normal calcium metabolism and, thus,
good bone health. Severe vitamin D
deficiency in children results in the failure of bone to mineralize, leading to a
condition known as rickets. Cases of
nutritional rickets are still reported in
the U.S. While parents and pediatricians may have assumed that children
are getting enough vitamin D from
sunshine exposure and vitamin Dfortified milk and orange juice, a study
published in 2009 found that 7 out of
10 children have inadequate vitamin D
levels and nearly 1 in 10 children (7.6
million) are deficient in vitamin D
(Kumar, Juhi et al Prevalence and Associations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency in US Children. 2012). Most people living above 40 degrees latitude,
which includes Oregon, don’t make enough vitamin D in their skin and suffer
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from vitamin D-deficiency during the winter months. Our study found similar
results: 61 percent of the children had insufficient vitamin D levels and 8 percent were considered deficient.
Taken together, the results of our study raise serious concerns about the nutrient intake of children even in affluent communities. The low dietary intake
of calcium together with low vitamin D status may have detrimental consequences for bone health, both in the short-term and long-term. There is a
critical need for tools that help parents and health professionals assess children’s nutrient status and provide guidance to improve their nutrient intakes.
The Linus Pauling Institute recommends that children of all ages eat a
healthful diet, are physically highly active, and take a daily children’smultivitamin/mineral containing at least 600 IU of vitamin D to cover possible micronutrient inadequacies.
This study was funded in full by USANA Health Sciences, Inc., Salt Lake
City, UT.
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WHAT IS SODIUM ASCORBATE?
Sodium ascorbate, a water-soluble salt, contains ascorbic acid or vitamin C
combined with sodium. As a nutritional supplement, sodium ascorbate provides a less acidic alternative to the more common ascorbic acid. Besides its
use as a nutritional supplement, sodium ascorbate is also found as a food
additive.
Identification
Sodium ascorbate is sold as a nutritional supplement, as chewable tablets
and powdered form, and used as a food additive. Compared to other forms
of vitamin C, sodium ascorbate may provide a more bio-available source of
vitamin C, meaning that it is easier for the body to absorb and make use of
sodium ascorbate. However, the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State
University argues that there is little scientific evidence that sodium ascorbate absorbs into the body more easily than other forms of vitamin C.
Sodium ascorbate contains 111 mg of sodium and 889 mg of ascorbic acid.
The addition of sodium buffers the acid content of vitamin C, resulting in
lowered acidity. Although instructions for making sodium ascorbate at
home using pharmaceutical grade ascorbic acid have been widely published
online, this chemical is also sold in most health food stores as a nutritional
supplement.
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Effects
Sodium ascorbate and other forms of vitamin C are important for the
health of bones, connective tissues and blood vessels, and help the body
to absorb iron needed for the production of red blood cells. The Linus
Pauling Institute notes that vitamin C also acts as a highly effective antioxidant, preventing damage to essential molecules in the body.
Benefits
Humans do not have the ability to make vitamin C, and must receive it
through food sources or nutritional supplements. The FDA recommended
daily allowance for vitamin C is 75 to 90 mg per day. Sodium ascorbate
supplements benefit those who do not eat a diet high in vitamin C. Sodium ascorbate is preferred over ascorbic acid by those who want to avoid
food acidity. This chemical can be added to many foods without affecting
their flavor, although sodium ascorbate taken by itself carries a slightly
salty taste.
Considerations
Because sodium ascorbate contains sodium, this form of vitamin C should
be avoided by those following a low-sodium diet. A sodium tipsheet provided by the USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion cautions
those trying to avoid sodium to limit their intake of sodium ascorbate and
other food additives containing sodium. Talk to your doctor before taking
vitamin C supplements, because some medicatons and health conditions
can affect the way vitamin C is absorbed by the body.
Warning
Taken in high doses, sodium ascorbate can lead to negative health effects,
including diarrhea, skin irritation and chest pain, according to the Linus
Pauling Institute. The recommended upper limit for intake of all forms of
vitamin C, including sodium ascorbate, has been set by the FDA at 2,000
mg daily. Prolonged high levels of sodium ascorbate can also damage the
kidneys, upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract. Some people
may experience an allergic reaction, particularly if taking high doses of
vitamin C. Talk to your doctor before taking sodium ascorbate if you have
a history of kidney or liver problems or are currently pregnant or breastfeeding.
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