Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Data Resource
Management
1.
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
END
BACK NEXT
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
Managing Data
Resources
Data ResourceM anagement
Data – A Vital Business Asset
Data Warehousing
Real World Case 1…
Argosy Gaming Co.:
Challenges in Building a
Click to go to
Data Warehouse
Case 1
END
5-3
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Major types of databases
Data warehouses and data mining
Logical data elements
Fundamental database structure
Database development
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
5-2
Foundation Data Concepts
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
END
5-1
Learning Objectives
Explain the importance of implementing data
resource management processes and
technologies in an organization.
2. Outline the advantages of the database
management approach to managing the data
resources of a business.
3. Explain how database management software
helps business professionals and supports the
operations and management of a business.
4. Provide examples to illustrate each of the
following concepts:
END
Data Organization Structure
• Character
• Field
• Record
• File
• Database
Graphically…
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
5-4
1
Foundation Data Concepts
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Data Organization Structure
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Human Resource
Database
Payroll File Benefit File
Employee
Record 1
Employee
Record 2
Name SS No. Salary Name SS No. Salary
Field Field Field Field Field Field
Real World Cases
Jones T.A.
275-32-3874
20,000
Klugman J.L. 349-88-7913
28,000
Employee
Record 3
Employee
Record 4
Name SS No. Salary Name SS No. Salary
Field Field Field Field Field Field
Alverez, J.S. 542-40-3718
100,000
Porter, M.L. 617-87-7915
Billing
Meter
Reading
Real World Cases
BACK NEXT
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
Entities:
Customers, Meters, Bills,
Payments, Meter Readings
Relationships:
Bills Sent to Customers
Customers Make Payments
Customers Use Meters
Payment
Processing
Service
Start/Stop
END
5-5
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
Types of Databases
• Operational Databases
• Distributed Databases
• External Databases
• Hypermedia Databases
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
KEY TERMS
END
BACK NEXT
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
5-6
Types of Databases
Real World Cases
BACK NEXT
Electric Utility Database
KEY TERMS
END
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Example: An Electric Utility Database
50,000
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
Foundation Data Concepts
5-7
Distributed Database Model
External
Databases
on the
Internet and
Online
Services
Client PC
Network
Server
Distributed
Databases
on Intranets
and Other
Networks
End User
Databases
Data
Warehouse
Operational
Databases
of the
Organization
Data
Marts
END
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
5-8
2
Types of Databases
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Types of Databases
Operational Databases
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
END
BACK NEXT
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
Real World Cases
Analytical
Data Store
Data
Management
Data Acquisition
(Capture, clean,
transform,
transport,
load/apply)
Warehouse
Design
Enterprise
Warehouse
Data
Marts
Metadata
Management
Metadata
Directory
Metadata
Repository
Data Analysis
(Query, report,
analyze, mine,
deliver)
Web
Information
System
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
Client PCs
Network
Server
HTML
XML
Web Pages
Image Files
Video Files
Audio Files
Hypermedia
Database
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
END
BACK NEXT
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
Web
Server
Software
5-10
Data Warehouses
Components of a Complete Data
Warehouse
Operational, External,
and Other Databases
Web
Browser
The Internet
Intranets
Extranets
END
5-9
Data Warehouses
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Web-Based Information System
5-11
END
Shell Exploration: The Business
Value of a Data Warehouse
• ERP or SCM Software
Installation
• Combining Databases
• 27 Sources Become 1 Huge
Data Warehouse
• More Powerful Data Source
in One Warehouse
Graphically…
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
5-12
3
Data Mining
Data Warehouses
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Applications
Data Marts
Finance
ERP
Inveentory
Control
Marketing
Logistics
Sales
Shipping
Accounting
Purchasing
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
CRM
Management
Reporting
END
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
BACK NEXT
END
5-13
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
Data Mining
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Selection
Database
Target
Data
Data
Mining
Target
Warehouse
Implementation/
Evaluation
Patterns
Business
Knowledge
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
END
BACK NEXT
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
5-14
Data Mining
Using Data Mining to Develop
Business Knowledge
Data Transformation
• Identify New Product
Bundles
• Find Root Causes to Quality
or Manufacturing Problems
• Prevent Customer Attrition
• Cross-Sell to Existing
Customers
• Profile Customers with More
Accuracy
5-15
END
Bank of America: Benefits
of Data Mining
• Sought to Profile Customers
• Wanted to Identify More
Accurate, Specific Target
Markets
• Extremely Accurate and
Effective Results
• Customer Patterns Revealed
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
5-16
4
File Processing Programs
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
END
• Traditional File Processing
• Information Wanted is in
Different Files
• Each File Used by a
Different Application
Program
• No Application Program
Can Get the Information
from these Files
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
File Processing Programs
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
END
5-17
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
File Processing Programs
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
END
Problems of File Processing
• Data Redundancy
• Lack of Data Integration
• Data Dependence
• Other Problems
–Accuracy
–Integrity
–Completeness
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
Example – Bank File Processing Systems
Database Management System
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
5-19
5-18
END
The Software Interface
Between Users and the
Databases
Controls How Databases
are:
–Created
–Interrogated
–Maintained
–Provide Needed
Information
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
5-20
5
Database Management System
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
END
Alberta Central: Converting
to Database Management
• Administrative Services
Organization for 38 Credit
Unions
• Making Switch to DBMS
• Sought Demographic, Account,
and Product Information
• New DB2 System Provided
Superior Results and Faster
Reports
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
END
Database Management System
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Common DBMS Software
Components
•Database Definition
•Nonprocedural Access
•Application Development
•Procedural Language
Interface
•Transaction Processing
•Database Tuning
Checking
Account
Program
BACK NEXT
Savings
Account
Program
Installment
Loan
Program
Database Management System
Customer
Database
KEY TERMS
Checking Account Data
Savings Account Data
Installment Loan Data
Other Customer Data
END
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
5-22
Database Management System
mySQL DBMS Application
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
Customer Transaction Processing
Real World Cases
5-21
Database Management System
Common Software Components
Inquiry
5-23
END
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
5-24
6
Database Management System
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
END
Three Major Uses of DBMS Software
Operating
System
Database
Management
Database
Management
System
Databases
Application
Programs
•Create: Database and Application Development
•Maintain: Database Maintenance
•Use: Database Interrogation
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Database Management System
END
5-25
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
5-26
Database Management System
Database Management System
Example Application
Microsoft Access
Report Generator
WH Smith PLC: Transaction
Processing and Database
Interrogation
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
Database Interrogation
• SQL Queries
• Graphical and Natural
Queries
Database Maintenance
Database Application
Development
END
BACK NEXT
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
5-27
END
• Sought Customer Buying
Trends
• Improved Inventory
Management
• Sought to Cut Paper Usage
• Wanted POS System for
Data Capture
• Successful Management Tool
Created
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
5-28
7
Database Management System
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Example Application
Query Wizard of
Microsoft Access
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
END
BACK NEXT
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
END
5-29
Three Major Database Structures
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
BACK NEXT
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
5-31
5-30
Database Structures
Real World Cases
END
• Need for Organization
• Use Logical Structure
• Processed Efficiently
• Retrieved Quickly
Real World Case 2Owens & Minor and NBC
Click to go to
Case 2
Universal
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
Database Structures
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Technical
Foundations
of Database Management
Three Major Database Structures
•Hierarchical Structure
•Network Structure
•Relational Model
•Multidimensional Structure
Employee Table
Department Table
Deptno Dname
Dept A
Dept B
Dept C
Dloc
Dmgr
Empno Ename
Emp 1
Emp 2
Emp 3
Emp 4
Emp 5
Emp 6
Etitle
Esalary
Deptno
Dept A
Dept A
Dept B
Dept B
Dept C
Dept B
END
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
5-32
8
Database Structures
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
The Multidimensional Structure
Database Structures
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
END
BACK NEXT
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
ObjectObject-Oriented Graphical Display
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
5-35
Inheritance
Checking Account Object
Attributes
•Credit Line
•Monthly Statements
Operations
•Calculate Interest
•Print Monthly Statement
Inheritance
Savings Account Object
Attributes
•Number of Withdrawals
•Quarterly Statement
Operations
•Calculate Interest Paid
•Print Quarterly Statement
5-34
Database Structures
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
Attributes
•Customer
•Balance
•Interest
Operations
•Deposit (Amount)
•Withdraw (Amount)
•Get Owner
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
Real World Cases
END
Bank Account Object
END
5-33
Database Structures
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
The ObjectObject-Oriented Structure
END
Evaluation of Database Structures
•Hierarchical – Natural for Many
Applications
•Network Structures – Handles
Many-to-Many Relationships Well
•Neither Handles Ad Hoc Inquiries
Well
•Relational Structures – Easily
Retrieves Ad Hoc Requests
•Relational is Not as Efficient
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
5-36
9
Database Structures
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
END
Experian Automotive: The
Business Value of Relational
Database Management
•Vehicle Data Collection Unit of
Credit Reporting Company
•Data Collected to be Sold
•50 Different DMV Systems
•Database Processes 175 Million
Records per Month
•Provided New Revenue Streams
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Database Development
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
END
5-37
Database Development
Example Application
Table Wizard of
Microsoft Access
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
KEY TERMS
END
BACK NEXT
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5-39
5-38
Database Development
Real World Cases
BACK NEXT
•Database
Administrators (DBAs)
•Data Definition
Language (DDL)
•Data Dictionary
•Metadata
•Metadata Repository
END
1- Data Planning
Develops a model of
business processes
Physical Data Models
Storage representations and
access methods
Enterprise model of
business processes
with documentation
5- Physical Design
Determines the data storage
structures and access methods
2- Requirements Specification
Define information needs of
End users in a business processes
Logical Data Models
e.g., relational, network,
hierarchical, multidimensional,
Or object-oriented models
Description of users needs may
be represented in natural
language or using the tools of a
particular design technology
3- Conceptual Design
Expresses all information
requirements in the form of a
High-level model
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
4- Logical Design
Translates the conceptual
models into the data model of a
DBMS
Conceptual Data Models
Often expressed as entity
relationship models
5-40
10
Data Planning
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
Ordered on
Purchase
Order Item
Product
Supplies
Supplier
Stocked as
Real World Cases
• Data Planning Process
• Enterprise Model
• Entity Relationship Diagram
Contains
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Data Planning
Product
Stock
Purchase
Order
Holds
Warehouse
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
END
BACK NEXT
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
END
5-41
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
Checking
Application
Savings
Application
Logical User Views
Checking and
Savings
Data Model
Installment
Loan
Data Model
Banking Services Data Model
Database Management System
Real World Cases
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
Installment
Loan
Application
Bank
Databases
Data elements and
relationships (the subschemas)
needed for checking, savings,
or installment loan processing
Data elements and
relationships (the schema)
needed for the support of all
bank services
Software Interface
The DBMS provides access
to the bank’s databases
Organization and location of
data on the storage of media
END
Managing Data
Resources
Types of
Databases
Data
Warehouses
The Database
Management
Approach
Section II
Technical
Foundations of
Database
Management
Database
Structures
Database
Development
KEY TERMS
BACK NEXT
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5-43
5-42
Summary
Real World Cases
Physical Data Views
• 15,000 Database Table
Definitions
• Many Problems Without
Definition Organization
• Use of Oracle DBMS
• Importance of Proper
Installation and Maintenance
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
Data Planning
Logical and Physical Database Views
Aetna and Shop at Home Network:
Development Solutions
END
1. Data Resource
Management
2. Database Management
3. Database Software
4. Types of Databases
5. Data Access
6. Database Development
Copyright 2005, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Inc.
5-44
11