REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6541
AN ACT TO ORDAIN AND INSTITUTE
A NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
TITLE 1 - ADMINISTRATIVE
Chapter 1.01 - GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 1.01.01: Title
TITLE 2 - FIRE AND FIRE-RESISTIVE STANDARDS
Chapter 2.01 - REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE ZONES
DIVISION 2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
E. Every exit shall be clearly visible.
The route to the exit shall be conspicuously marked in such a manner that every
occupant of a building or structure will readily know the direction of escape. Each route
of escape, in its entirety, shall be so arranged or marked that the way to a place of safety
outside is unmistakable. Any doorway not constituting an exit shall be marked to
minimize its possible confusion as an exit. Likewise, passage constituting a way to reach
an exit shall be marked to minimize confusion.
DIVISION 3. CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPANCY
A. A building or structure shall be classified as follows:
1. Assembly
a. Assembly occupancies include, but are not limited to, all buildings or portions of
buildings used for gathering together of fifty (50) or more persons for such purposes as
deliberation, worship,entertainment, eating, drinking, amusement, awaiting
transportation, or similar uses.
b. Assembly occupancies include: theaters; assembly halls; auditorium; exhibition halls;
museum; restaurants; drinking establishments; places of worship; classrooms of 50
persons and over capacity; libraries; internet shops of over 50 persons capacity; dance
halls; club rooms; skating rinks; gymnasiums; cockpit arenas; bowling facilities; pool
rooms; armories; passenger stations and terminals of air, surface, underground, and
marine public transportation facilities; recreational facilities; piers; court-rooms;
conference rooms; and mortuary chapels or funeral homes.
c. Restaurants and drinking establishments with an occupant load of less than 50
persons shall be classified as mercantile occupancies.
d. Occupancy of any room or space for assembly purposes by less than fifty (50)
persons in a building of other occupancy and incidental to such other occupancy shall be
classified as part of the other occupancy and subject to the provisions applicable thereto.
2. Educational
a. Educational occupancies include all buildings or portions thereof used for the
gathering of group of six (6) or more persons for purposes of instruction.
b. Educational occupancies include: Schools; Universities; Colleges; Academies;
Nursery schools; Kindergartens; and Child Day Care facilities.
c. Other occupancies associated with educational institutions shall be in accordance with
the appropriate parts of this Chapter, except licensed day care facilities of any capacity.
d. In case where instruction is incidental to some other occupancy, the Section of the
Chapter governing such other occupancy shall apply.
Enacted without executive approval: August 26, 1972
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6541
AN ACT TO ORDAIN AND INSTITUTE
A NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
TITLE 1 - ADMINISTRATIVE
Chapter 1.01 - GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 1.01.01: Title
3. Health Care
a. Health care facilities are those used for purposes of medical or other treatment or care
of persons where such occupants are mostly incapable of self preservation because of
age, physical or mental disability, or because of security measures not under the
occupants’ control.
b. Health care facilities include: hospitals; nursing homes; birth centers; and residential
custodial care centers such as nurseries, homes for the aged and the like.
4. Detention and Correctional
a. Detention and correctional buildings are those used to house one or more persons
under varied degrees of restraint or security where such occupants are mostly incapable
of self-preservation because of security measures not under the occupants’ control.
b. Detention and correctional occupancies shall include those used for purposes such as
correctional institutions, detention facilities, community residential centers, training
schools, work camps, and substance abuse centers where occupants are confined or
housed under some degree of restraint or security.
5. Residential
a. Residential occupancies are those occupancies in which sleeping accommodations
are provided for normal residential purposes and include all buildings designed to
provide sleeping
accommodations.
b. Residential buildings, structures or facilities are treated separately in this Rule in the
following groups: hotels; motels; apartelles; pension houses; inns; apartments;
condominiums; ormitories; lodging or rooming houses; and one- and two-family
dwellings; and the likes.
6. Mercantile
a. Mercantile occupancies include stores, markets, and other rooms, buildings, or
structures for the display and/or sale of merchandise.
b. Mercantile occupancies include: malls; supermarkets; department stores; shopping
centers; flea markets; restaurants of less than 50 persons capacity; public/private dry
and wet markets; water refilling stations; drugstores; hardwares/construction supplies;
showrooms; and auction rooms.
c. Minor merchandising operation in building predominantly of other occupancies, such
as newsstand in an office building, shall be subject to the exit requirements of the
predominant occupancy.
d. Office, storage, and service facilities incidental to the sale of merchandise and located
in the same building should be considered part of the mercantile occupancy
classification.
Enacted without executive approval: August 26, 1972
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6541
AN ACT TO ORDAIN AND INSTITUTE
A NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
TITLE 1 - ADMINISTRATIVE
Chapter 1.01 - GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 1.01.01: Title
7. Business
a. Business buildings are those used for the transaction of business other than that
covered under Mercantile, for the keeping of accounts and records and similar purposes.
b. Included in this occupancy group are: offices for lawyers; doctors; dentists and other
professionals; general offices; City/Municipal halls; internet shops; massage parlors,
beauty parlors, barbershops of less than 50 occupants and court houses;
c. Minor office occupancy incidental to operations in other occupancy shall be
considered as a part of the dominant occupancy and shall be subject to the provisions of
the Chapter applying to the dominant occupancy.
8. Industrial
a. Industrial occupancies include factories that make products of all kinds and properties
which shall include but not limited to product processing, assembling and disassembling,
mixing, packaging, finishing or decorating, repairing and material recovery including,
among others, the following: factories of all kinds; laboratories; dry cleaning plants;
power plants; pumping stations; smokehouses; gas plants; refineries; and sawmills,
laundries; creameries
9. Storage
a. Storage occupancy includes all buildings or structures utilized primarily for the storage
or sheltering of goods, merchandise, products, vehicles, or animals. Included in this
occupancy group are: warehouses; cold storages; freight terminals; truck and marine
terminals; bulk oil storage; LPG storage; parking garages; hangars; grain elevators;
barns; and stables.
b. Minor storage incidental to other occupancy shall be treated as part of the other
occupancy.
10. Mixed Occupancies
a. Refers to two or more classes of occupancies occurring/located/situated/existing in
the same building and/or structures so intermingled that separate safeguards are
impracticable.
b. The means of egress shall be sufficient to meet exit requirements for the occupants of
each individual room or section, and for the maximum occupant load of the entire
building. Fire safety
construction, protective and warning systems and other safeguards shall met
requirements of the most hazardous occupancy unless otherwise specified in Division 8
through 17 of this Chapter.
11. Miscellaneous
a. This class of occupancy includes buildings or structure which cannot be properly
classified in any of the preceding occupancy groups. Such miscellaneous buildings and
structures shall conform to the fundamental guidelines provided for in Division 2 and to
any specific provisions applicable thereto in Division 17 both of this Chapter.
B. In case of conflict as to the type or classification of occupancy, the same shall be
determined by the Chief, BFP or his duly authorized representative.
Enacted without executive approval: August 26, 1972
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6541
AN ACT TO ORDAIN AND INSTITUTE
A NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
TITLE 1 - ADMINISTRATIVE
Chapter 1.01 - GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 1.01.01: Title
SECTION 10.2.5.3 DOORS
A. Application
1. A door assembly, including the doorway, frame, door, and necessary hardware, may
be used as a component in a means of egress when it conforms to the general
requirements of Section 10.2.5.2 of this IRR and to the specific requirements of this
Section.
C. Locks, Latches, Alarm Devices
3. A door designed to be kept normally closed in a means of egress, such as a door to a
stair or horizontal exit, shall be provided with a reliable self-closing mechanism in
accordance with para G of this Section, and shall not at any time be secured in the open
position. A door designed to be kept normally closed shall bear a sign reading
substantially as follows:
FIRE EXIT
KEEP DOOR CLOSED
5. Doors not allowing re-entry shall be provided with a sign indicating the
location of the nearest door, in each direction of travel that allows reentry
or exit.
NO RE – ENTRY
PROCEED TO ________ FLOOR
AND _________ FLOOR
SECTION 10.2.5.10 FIRE ESCAPE STAIRS, LADDERS AND SLIDE ESCAPES
A. Fire Escape Stairs
b. Fire escape shall provide a continuous unobstructed safe path of travel to the ground
or other safe area of refuge to which they lead. Where the fire escape is not continuous,
as in cases where stairs lead to an adjoining roof, which must be clearly indicated,
and suitable walkways with handrails shall be provided where necessary. Where a
single means of egress consists of a combination of inside stairs and fire escape stairs,
each shall comply with the applicable provision of this Chapter, and the two shall be so
arranged and connected as to provide a continuous safe path of travel.
SECTION 10.2.5.11 ILLUMINATION OF MEANS OF EGRESS
A. General
1. Illumination of means of egress shall be provided for every building and structure in
accordance with this Section, as required by Divisions 8 through 17 of this Chapter.
2. Illumination of means of egress shall be continuous during the time that the conditions
of occupancy require that the means of egress be available for use. Artificial lighting
shall be employed at such places and for such periods of time as required to maintain
the illumination to
the minimum lumen values herein specified.
3. The floors of means of egress shall be illuminated at all points including angles and
intersections of corridors and passageways, landings of stairs, and exit doors to values
of not less than 10.7 lux.
Enacted without executive approval: August 26, 1972
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6541
AN ACT TO ORDAIN AND INSTITUTE
A NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
TITLE 1 - ADMINISTRATIVE
Chapter 1.01 - GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 1.01.01: Title
SECTION 10.2.5.12 EXIT MARKING
A. Signs
1. Where required by the provisions of Division 8 through Division 17 of this Chapter
exits shall be marked by a readily visible sign. Access to exit shall be marked by readily
visible signs in all cases where the exit or way to reach it is not immediately visible to the
occupants and in any
case where required by the applicable provisions of Divisions 8 through
2. Any door, passage, or stairway, which is neither an exit nor a way of exit access and
which is so located or arranged as likely to be mistaken for an exit, shall be identified by
a sign reading "NOT AN EXIT" and shall be identified by a sign indicating its actual
character, such as "TO BASEMENT”, "STOREROOM", "LINEN CLOSET", or the like.
3. Every required sign designating an exit or way of exit access shall be so located and
of such size, color, and design as to be readily visible. No decorations, furnishing, or
equipment which impair visibility of an exit sign shall be permitted, nor shall there be any
brightly lluminated sign (for other than exit purposes), display, or object in or near the
line of vision to the required exit sign of such a character as to distract attention from the
exit sign.ccupancies.
4. A sign reading "EXIT" with an arrow indicating the direction shall be placed in every
location where the direction of travel to reach the nearest exit is not immediately
apparent.
5. Every sign shall be distinctive in color and shall provide contrast with decorational
interior finish, or other signs.
B. Illumination of Signs
1. Every sign shall be suitably illuminated by a reliable light source giving a value of not
less than five thousandth (0.005) lumens per square centimeters on the illuminated
surface. Such illumination shall be continuous as required under the provisions of
Section 10.2.5.11 of this
IRR (Illumination of Means of Egress), and where emergency lighting facilities are
required, exit signs shall be illuminated from the same source.
2. Internally illuminated signs shall be provided in all occupancies where reduction of
normal illumination is permitted, such as in motion picture theaters.
3. Luminous directional signs shall comply with para “C” hereof.
C. Size of Signs
Every exit shall have the word "EXIT" in plainly legible letters not less than fifteen
centimeters (15 cm) high with the principal strokes of letters not less than nineteen
millimeters (19 mm) wide, except that in existing building externally illuminated exit signs
therein having the word "EXIT" in plainly visible letters not less than eleven and one half
centimeters (11.5 cm) high,
other than in places of assembly, may be continued in use. Other signages required by
this rule shall be of the same dimension unless otherwise provided.
Enacted without executive approval: August 26, 1972
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6541
AN ACT TO ORDAIN AND INSTITUTE
A NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
TITLE 1 - ADMINISTRATIVE
Chapter 1.01 - GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 1.01.01: Title
SECTION 10.2.5.13 EMERGENCY EVACUATION PLAN
An emergency evacuation plan shall be posted on strategic and conspicuous locations in
the building. This shall be drawn with a photoluminiscent background to be readable in
case of power failure. The minimum dimension shall be 8 ½ inches in height and 11
inches in width.
SECTION 10.2.8.2 EXIT DETAILS
I. Lighting and Signs
1. All places of assembly shall have exit lighting in accordance with Section 10.2.5.11
and signs in accordance with Section 10.2.5.12 of this IRR. All places of assembly shall
be provided with emergency lighting.
SECTION 10.2.9.3 LIGHTING AND SIGNS
A. All educational buildings shall have adequate exit illumination in accordance with
Section 10.2.5.11 of this IRR. Flexible plan and open plan buildings and buildings
designed for night occupancy and portions of buildings having interior and windowless
rooms, areas, and corridors, shall have emergency lighting.
B. All educational buildings shall have signs designating the location of exits or the path
of travel to reach them, in accordance with Section 10.2.5.12 of this IRR
SECTION 10.2.11.2 EXIT DETAILS
Emergency Lighting and Exit Markings
3. Exit signs shall be provided in areas accessible to the public.
SECTION 10.2.12.3 HOTELS AND DORMITORIES
8. Lighting and Signs
a. Each public space, hallway, stairway, or other means of egress shall have illumination
in accordance with Section 10.2.5.11 of this IRR. Access to exit shall be continuously
illuminated at all times. Any hotel and dormitory shall have emergency lighting installed
in individual guest rooms or guest suites, hallways, landings of stairways and other
appropriate areas as etermined by the C/ MFM having jurisdiction
b. Every exit access door from public hallways or from corridors on floors with sleeping
accommodations shall have an illuminated sign in accordance with Section 10.2.5.12 of
this IRR. Where exits are not visible in a hallway or corridor, illuminated directional
signs shall be provided to indicate the direction of exit..
Enacted without executive approval: August 26, 1972
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6541
AN ACT TO ORDAIN AND INSTITUTE
A NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
TITLE 1 - ADMINISTRATIVE
Chapter 1.01 - GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 1.01.01: Title
SECTION 10.2.12.4 APARTMENT BUILDINGS
6. Lighting and Signs
a. Every public space, hallway, stairway, and other means of egress shall have
illumination in accordance with Section 10.2.5.11 of this IRR. All apartment buildings
shall have emergency lighting.
b. Signs in accordance with Section 10.2.5.12 of this IRR shall be provided in all
apartment buildings .
I. Exit Signs and Lighting
1. Every mercantile occupancy shall have exit illumination and signs in accordance with
Section 10.2.5.11 and 10.2.5.12 of this IRR.
2. Every Class A and Class B store shall have emergency lighting facilities conforming
to Section 10.2.5.11 of this IRR.
DIVISION 14. BUSINESS OCCUPANCIES
SECTION 10.2.14.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
H. Exit Signs and Lighting
1. Exit illumination shall be provided in accordance with Section 10.2.5.11 of this IRR.
2. Emergency lighting shall be provided in accordance with Section 10.2.5.11 of this IRR
in any building where any one of the following conditions exists:
a. The building is two (2) or more storeys in height above the level of exit discharge.
b. The occupancy is subject to fifty (50) or more occupants above or below the level of
exit discharge.
c. The occupancy is subject to three hundred (300) or more total occupants.
3. Emergency lighting in accordance with 10.2.5.11 of this IRR shall be provided for all
underground and limited access structures.
4. Means of egress shall have signs in accordance with Section 10.2.5.12 of this IRR.
Enacted without executive approval: August 26, 1972