BI SC 004
Human Body:
Form and Function
CHAPTER 1 GUIDE:
Introduction
Dr. Martha Aynardi
aynardi@psu.edu
Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction
◦ Chapter Learning Objectives
◦ Introduction
◦ Levels of Organization
◦ Homeostasis

Activities
◦ Crossword puzzle
◦ Homework
◦ Self Evaluation

Learning Resources
◦ Chapter key terms
Chapter 1: Learning Objectives

Upon completion of Chapter 1, you should
be able to:
◦ Describe the 5 basic functions of living systems
◦ Define anatomy & physiology
◦ Identify the levels of organization in living
systems
◦ Identify the 11 organ systems of the human
body, the organs that compose them, and their
main functions
◦ Define and explain the significance of
homeostasis
◦ Describe negative feedback as the basis of
homeostatic regulation
◦ Differentiate between sensor vs. integrator vs.
effector, and give examples of each
Chapter 1: Introduction
Section Learning Objectives

Upon completion of this section, you should
be able to:
◦ Describe the 5 basic functions of living systems
◦ Define anatomy & physiology
Chapter 1: Introduction

Read about the 5 basic functions of living
systems (pg. 3)
◦ Responsiveness
◦ Growth
◦ Reproduction
◦ Movement
◦ Metabolism

Define anatomy & physiology (pages 4-5)
◦ Anatomy is the study of body systems
◦ Physiology is the study of body function
Chapter 1: Levels of Organization
Section Learning Objectives

Upon completion of this section, you should
be able to:
◦ Identify the levels of organization in living
systems.
◦ Identify the 11 organ systems of the human
body, the organs that compose them, and their
main functions.
◦ Identify the levels of organization in living
systems (pg. 5)
Chapter 1: Levels of Organization

Identify the 11 organ systems of the human
body, the organs that compose them, and
their main functions (pg. 6-7; 8-13)
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Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Chapter 1 – Muscular System
Chapter 1 – Nervous System
Chapter 1 – Endocrine System
Chapter 1 – Cardiovascular System
Chapter 1 – Lymphatic System
Chapter 1 – Respiratory System
Chapter 1 – Digestive System

Chapter 1 – Urinary System
Chapter 1 – Male Reproductive System

Chapter 1 – Female Reproductive System

Chapter 1: Homeostasis
Section Learning Objectives

Upon completion of this section, you should
be able to:
◦ Define homeostasis and explain its
significance.
◦ Describe negative feedback as the basis of
homeostatic regulation
◦ Differentiate between sensor vs. integrator
(control center) vs. effector
Chapter 1: Homeostasis

Define homeostasis and explain its
significance (pg. 7; 14)
◦ Homeostasis refers to the existence of a stable
internal environment.
Refer to the diagram below to help you understand
the significance of homeostasis.

Describe negative feedback as the basis of
homeostatic regulation (pg. 14)
◦ Regardless of whether the stimulus rises or
falls at the receptor, negative feedback
provides a variation outside normal limits
which triggers an automatic response that
corrects the situation.

Differentiate between sensor vs. integrator
(control center) vs. effector (pg. 7, 14-15).

Sensor (receptor): is sensitive to a particular
environmental change or stimulus

Integrator (control center): receives and
processes information from the sensor

Effector: responds to the commands of the
control center and whose activity opposes or
reinforces the stimulus

Questions to consider:
◦ Can you give examples of each?
◦ How are these structures important in
negative feedback systems?
Self-Evaluation

Can you answer the following questions?
◦ What are the 5 basic functions of living
systems?
◦ Do you know the definition of anatomy &
physiology?
◦ What are the levels of organization in living
systems?
◦ Can you recall the 11 organ systems of the
human body, the organs that compose them,
and their main functions
◦ Can you define and explain the significance of
homeostasis?
◦ Can you describe negative feedback as the
basis of homeostatic regulation?
◦ What is the difference between sensor vs.
integrator vs. effector?
 Can you give some examples of each?
Chapter 1: Key Terms

Anatomy

Physiology

Homeostasis

Sensor

Integrator

Effector

Negative Feedback
Questions to consider when
studying for the exam

How does structure relate to function?

Are you able to recognize examples and
apply knowledge?

Do you know the sequential steps of any
mechanisms discussed?