Survey of Internal Organs
Purpose:
 To describe the gross anatomy of internal organs (including
glands) including structure, specific location, associated blood
vessels and nerves.
 To describe epithelial/connective tissue structures such as
internal ligaments, serous membranes and mesenteries.
 To describe the pathway of tubular structures such as air
passages, bile ducts, the urinary and reproductive tracts.
 To describe the longitudinal sectional features of selected organs
such as the heart and the kidney.
Procedure
Each student will participate in the detailed survey of the internal organs of
the human cadaver. Some of this will involve exposure of each organ.
Organs such as the heart must be separated from the parietal
pericardium for viewing of its surface anatomy. Abdominal organs such as the
stomach, small intestine, and colon are supported by many mesenteries that
must be isolated and identified. The intestinal mesentery contains several
branches of mesenteric arteries and tributaries to mesenteric veins as well as
branches of the vagus nerve. Clearing the intestinal mesentery of excess fat will
expose these structures.
The heart must also be sectioned (cut) on the frontal (anterior/posterior)
plane to observe the chambers of the heart, heart valves, papillary muscles,
chordae tendineae and other sectional features. Other organs to be sectioned
may include the kidney, stomach, and urinary bladder.
The lungs must be removed for clear viewing of thoracic structures such
as air passages and the aorta.
The tables that follow are provided to organize notes on each organ.
Prosection instructions will either be revealed in the dissector for this course or
provided by the instructor as needed.
1. Salivary Glands (3 Major)
Description of Structure and Specific Location
Parotid Gland
Submandibular Gland
Sublingual Gland
42
2. Thyroid
Description of Structure and Specific Location
Blood Vessels and Nerves Associated with this Organ
3. Larynx
Description of Structure and Specific Location
Blood Vessels and Nerves Associated with this Organ
43
4. Trachea and Bronchi
Description of Structure and Specific Location
Blood Vessels and Nerves Associated with this Organ
Branching of Bronchi to Each Lung
44
5. Heart
Description of Structure and Specific Location
Blood Vessels and Nerves Associated with this Organ
Sectional Features
45
6. Lungs
Description of Structure and Specific Location
Blood Vessels and Nerves Associated with this Organ
Description of Hilum after Removal of Lungs from the Thoracic Cavity
7. Esophagus
Description of Structure and Specific Location
Blood Vessels and Nerves Associated with this Organ
46
8. Diaphragm
Description of Structure and Specific Location
Blood Vessels and Nerves Associated with this Organ
Pericardial Attachment
Attachment of Diaphragm to Ribs
47
9. Liver
Description of Structure and Specific Location
Blood Vessels and Nerves Associated with this Organ
10. Gall Bladder and Bile Ducts
Description of Structure and Specific Location
Blood Vessels and Nerves Associated with this Organ
Pathway of Bile Ducts and Attachment to Duodenum
48
11. Stomach and Omenta
Description of Structure and Specific Location
Blood Vessels and Nerves Associated with this Organ
Description of Omenta Attachment
Greater Omentum
Lesser Omentum
49
12. Small Intestines and Mesentery
Description of Structure and Specific Location
Blood Vessels and Nerves Associated with this Organ
Arrangement of Blood Vessels and Nerves in Intestinal Mesentery
13. Pancreas
Description of Structure and Specific Location
Blood Vessels and Nerves Associated with this Organ
50
14. Colon
Description of Structure and Specific Location
Blood Vessels and Nerves Associated with this Organ
Descriptions of Regions of the Colon (5)
Mesocolon
51
15. Spleen
Description of Structure and Specific Location
Blood Vessels and Nerves Associated with this Organ
16. Kidneys and Ureters
Description of Structure and Specific Location
Blood Vessels and Nerves Associated with this Organ
Sectional Features of the Kidney
52
17. Urinary Bladder
Description of Structure and Specific Location
Blood Vessels and Nerves Associated with this Organ
18. Reproductive Organs
Male
Testis Structure, Location, and Blood Vessels
Description of Reproductive Tract
53
Female
Ovary, Structure, Location and Blood Vessels
Description of Reproductive Tract
54