CCNA EXPLORATION
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS
INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE
COMPARISON OF NEW CURRICULA WITH
EXISTING CURRICULA
Prepared by
Cisco Learning Institute
June 25, 2007
CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS
INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE
Routing Protocols and Concepts Summary
New CCNA curriculum has been created to improve student experience, improve quality, and
increase flexibility.
June 27, 2007
Page 1
CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS
INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE
Routing Protocols and Concepts Course Outline
Following is the outline for this new course with indications as to which topics contain new
content.
Course Outline
1.0
1.1.1
Introduction to Routing and Packet Forwarding
Inside the Router
Routers are Computers
1.1.2
Router CPU and Memory
1.1.3
Internetwork Operating System
1.1.4
Router Boot-Up Process
1.1.4
Verifying Router Boot-up Process
1.1.5
Router Interfaces
1.1.6
Routers and the Network Layer
1.1
P-New 1.1.2
P-New1.1.2,
1.2.2
2.1.1
2.2.1, 5.1.1,
5.1.2
2.2.10
P-New 1.2.3,
2.2.2
P-New 1.1.3,
1.1.4
CLI Configuration and Addressing
1.2
1.2.1
Implementing Basic Addressing Schemes
1.2.2
Basic Router Configuration
New
3.1.1-3.1.7
3.2.2-3.2.4
Building the Routing Table
1.3
P-New 6.1.2
9.1.1
P-New 9.1.5
P-New 6.1.2
P-New 6.1.2
New
1.3.1
Introducing the Routing Table
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.3.4
1.3.5
Directly Connected Routes
Static Routing
Dynamic Routing
Routing Table Principles
Path determination and Switching Functions
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4
1.4.5
Packet Fields and Frame Fields
Best Path and Metric
Equal Cost Load Balancing
Path Determination
Switching Functions
Router Configuration Labs
P-New 9.1.4
6.3.1-6.3.3
7.2.9
P-New 6.3.1
P-New 6.3.1
1.5.1
Cabling a Network and Basic Router Configuration
Basic Router Configuration
1.2.5-1.2.7
1.2.5-1.2.7
2.2.4, 2.2.9
1.4
1.5
1.5.2
June 27, 2007
New/ Existing
Content
Page 2
CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS
INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE
Course Outline
1.6
1.7
2.0
1.5.3
Challenge Router Configuration
1.6.1
1.7.1
Summary and Review
Chapter Quiz
Chapter Introduction
2.0.1
New
Routers and Network
2.1
2.1.1
Role of the Router
New
2.1.2
Introducing the Topology
2.1.3
Examining the Connections of the Router
New
P-New 1.2.6,
1.2.7
Router Configuration Review
2.2
3.1.4, 3.1.5,
3.1.7
P-New 3.1.7
P-New 3.1.7
P-New 3.1.5
P-New 3.1.5
2.2.1
Examining Router Interfaces
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
Configuring an Ethernet interface
Verifying Ethernet interface
Configuring a Serial interface
Examining Router interfaces
Exploring Directly Connected Networks
2.3.1
Verifying Changes to the Routing Table
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.3.4
Devices on Directly Connected Networks
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
Using CDP for Network Discovery
Static Routes with "Next Hop" Addresses
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.4.3
2.4.4
Purpose and Command Syntax of ip route
Configuring Static Routes
Routing Table Principles to Static Routes
Resolving to an Exit Interface
Static Routes with Exit Interfaces
6.1.2, 6.1.3
P-New 6.1.3
P-New 6.1.5
New
2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.3
2.5.4
Configuring a Static Route with an Exit interface
Modifying Static Routes
Verifying the Static Route Configuration
Static Routes with Ethernet Interfaces
Summary and Default Static Routes
New
New
New
New
2.6.1
2.6.2
Summary Static Routes
Default Static Route
New
New
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
June 27, 2007
New/ Existing
Content
3.1.5-3.1.7
6.1.2, 9.1.1
New
P-New 4.1.1
4.1.2-4.1.5
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CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS
INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE
Course Outline
Managing and Troubleshooting Static Routes
2.7
2.7.1
2.7.2
2.7.3
Static Routes and Packet Forwarding
Troubleshooting a Missing Route
Solving the Missing Route
Static Route Configuration Labs
2.8.1
Basic Static Route Configuration Lab
2.8.2
2.8.3
2.9.1
2.10.1
Challenge Static Route Configuration
Troubleshooting Static Routes
Summary and Review
Chapter Quiz
Chapter Introduction
2.8
2.9
2.10
3.0
3.0.1
New
New
New
6.1.2, 6.1.3,
6.1.6
New
New
Introduction and Advantages
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
Perspective and background
Network discovery and routing table maintenance
Advantages
Classifying Dynamic Routing Protocols
P-New 6.2.1
P-New 6.2.1
New
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
Overview
IGP and EGP
Distance Vector and Link State
Classful and Classless
Convergence
Metrics
6.2.4
6.3.3
6.2.4-6.2.6
New
6.2.3, 7.1.2
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
Purpose of a metric
Metrics and Routing Protocols
Load Balancing
Administrative Distances
9.1.6
P-New 9.1.6
7.2.9
3.4.1
3.4.2
Purpose of Administrative Distance
Dynamic Routing Protocols
3.4.3
Static Routes
3.4.4
Directly connected networks
Routing Protocols and Subnetting Activities
9.1.5
P-New 9.1.6
P-New 6.1.1,
6.1.2
P-New 9.1.5
3.5.1
Identifying Elements of the Routing Table
3.5.2
Subnetting Scenario 1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
June 27, 2007
New/ Existing
Content
9.1.1, 9.1.5,
9.1.6
New
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CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS
INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE
Course Outline
3.5.3
3.6
3.7
4.0
3.5.4
3.6.1
3.7.1
4.0.1
Introduction to Distance Vector Routing Protocols
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
Distance Vector Routing Protocols
Distance Vector Technology
Routing Protocol Algorithms
4.1.4
Routing Protocol Characteristics
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
Cold Start
Initial Exchange of Routing Information
Exchange of Routing Information
4.2.4
Convergence
6.2.1, 6.2.3,
6.2.4
6.2.4, 7.0
6.2.5
6.2.5, 7.1.1
P-New 6.3.3,
7.1.2
New
7.2.2
7.2.2
P-New 6.2.3,
7.1.2
Routing Table Maintenance
4.3
4.3.1
Periodic Updates: RIPv1 and IGRP
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
Bounded Updates: EIGRP
Triggered Updates
Random Jitter
Routing Loops
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
4.4.4
4.4.5
4.4.6
4.4.7
Definition and Implications
Problem: Count to Infinity
Setting a maximum
Preventing Routing Loops with Holddown timers
Split Horizon Rule
Split Horizon with Poison Reverse or Route Poisoning
IP and TTL
Distance Vector Routing Protocols today
4.5.1
RIP and EIGRP
4.6.1
4.7.1
4.8.1
Lab Activities
Summary and Review
Chapter Quiz
4.4
4.5
June 27, 2007
New
Network Discovery
4.2
4.6
4.7
4.8
Subnetting Scenario 2
(
Subnetting Scenario 3
Summary and Review
Chapter Quiz
Chapter Introduction
New/ Existing
Content
New
P-New 7.1.1,
7.1.3, 7.2.2
New
P-New 7.1.6
New
P-New 7.1.2
7.1.3
7.1.3
7.1.7
7.1.4
P-New 7.1.5
New
P-New 6.2.6,
7.2.1
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CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS
INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE
Course Outline
New/ Existing
Content
Routing Information Protocol
5.0
5.0.1
Chapter Introduction
RIPv1: Distance Vector, Classful Routing Protocol
5.1.1
Background and Perspective
5.1.2
RIP Characteristics and Message Format
5.1.3
5.1.4
RIP Operation
Administrative Distance
Basic RIPv1 Configuration
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
Basic RIPv1 Configuration
Enabling RIP: router rip command
Specifying Networks
Verification and Troubleshooting
5.3.1
Verifying RIP: show ip route
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.3.4
Verifying RIP: show ip protocols
Verifying RIP: debug ip rip
Passive Interfaces
Automatic Summarization
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.4.3
Modified Topology: Scenario B
Boundary Routers and Automatic Summarization
Processing RIP Updates
5.4.4
Sending RIP Updates
5.4.5
Advantages and Disadvantages of Automatic Summarization
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5.1
5.5.2
Modified Topology: Scenario C
Propagating the Default Route in RIPv1
RIPv1 Configuration Labs
5.6.1
Basic RIP Configuration
5.6.2
5.6.3
5.7.1
5.8.1
6.0.1
Challenge RIP Configuration
RIP Troubleshooting
Summary and Review
Chapter Quiz
Chapter Introduction
5.6
6.0
June 27, 2007
P-New 7.2.2
7.2.2
7.2.2
7.2.5, 7.2.6,
9.1.1
7.2.5, 7.2.6
7.2.6
7.2.7
New
P-New 7.2.3
New
P-New 7.2.3,
7.2.6
P-New 7.2.3,
7.2.6
Default Route and RIPv1
5.5
5.7
5.8
P-New 7.2.1
P-New 6.2.5,
7.2.1
New
9.1.5
New
New
P-New
9.1.1,9.1.2
New
New
Page 6
CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS
INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE
Course Outline
Classful and Classless Addressing
6.1
6.1.1
Classful IP Addressing
6.1.2
Classful Routing Protocol
6.1.3
6.1.4
Classless IP Addressing
Classless Routing Protocols
VLSM
6.2.1
6.2.2
VLSM in action
VLSM and IP Addresses
CIDR
New
New
6.3.1
6.3.2
Route Summarization
Calculating Route Summarization
VLSM and Route Summarization Activity
New
New
6.4.1
6.4.2
6.4.3
6.4.4
6.4.5
6.4.6
6.5.1
6.6.1
Basic VLSM Calculation and Addressing Design Activity
Challenge VLSM Calculation and Addressing Design Activity
Troubleshooting a VLSM Addressing Design Activity
Basic Route Summarization Activity
Challenge Route Summarization Activity
Troubleshooting Route Summarization Activity
Summary and Review
Chapter Quiz
Chapter Introduction
New
New
New
New
New
New
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
7.0
7.0.1
P-New
P-New
7.2.2,7.2.3
New
P-New 7.2.3
RIPv1 Limitations
7.1
7.1.1
7.1.2
7.1.3
7.1.4
7.1.5
Lab Topology
RIPv1 Topology Limitations
RIPv1: Discontiguous Networks
RIPv1: No VLSM Support
RIPv1: No CIDR Support
Configuring RIPv2
New
New
New
New
New
7.2.1
7.2.2
7.2.3
7.2.4
Enabling and Verifying RIPv2
Auto-summary and RIPv2
Disabling Auto-Summary in RIPv2
Verifying RIPv2 Updates
VLSM and CIDR
New
New
New
New
7.3.1
RIPv2 and VLSM
New
7.2
7.3
June 27, 2007
New/ Existing
Content
Page 7
CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS
INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE
Course Outline
7.3.2
RIPv2 and CIDR
Verifying and Troubleshooting RIPv2
7.4.1
Verification and Troubleshooting commands
7.4.2
7.4.3
Common RIPv2 issues
Authentication
RIPv2 Configuration Labs
7.5.1
7.5.2
7.5.3
7.6.1
7.7.1
Basic RIPv2 Configuration
Challenge RIPv2 Configuration
RIPv2 Troubleshooting
Summary and Review
Chapter Quiz
Chapter Introduction
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
8.0
8.0.1
Lab Topology
Routing Table Entries
Level 1 Routes
Parent and Child Routes: Classful Networks
Parent and Child Routes: Classless Networks
Routing Table Lookup Process
New
New
New
New
New
8.2.1
8.2.2
8.2.3
Steps in the Route Lookup Process
Longest Match: Level 1 Network Routes
Longest Match: Level 1 Parent and Level 2 Child Routes
Routing Behavior
New
New
New
8.3.1
8.3.2
8.3.3
8.3.4
8.3.5
Classful and Classless Routing Behavior
Classful Routing Behavior: no ip classless
Classful Routing Behavior – Search Process
Classless Routing Behavior: ip classless
Classless Routing Behavior – Search Process
Routing Table Labs
New
P-New 7.2.3
New
New
New
8.4.1
8.4.2
8.5.1
8.6.1
Investigating the Routing Table Lookup Process
The show ip route Challenge Lab
Summary and Review
Chapter Quiz
Chapter Introduction
New
New
8.3
8.4
June 27, 2007
New
New
New
8.1.1
8.1.2
8.1.3
8.1.4
8.1.5
8.2
9.0
3.1.4,
4.2.5,7.2.5,
9.2.2 7.2.6
New
New
The Routing Table Structure
8.1
8.5
8.6
New/ Existing
Content
New
9.0.1
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CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS
INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE
Course Outline
Introduction to EIGRP
9.1
9.1.1
EIGRP: An Enhanced Distance Vector Routing Protocol
9.1.2
9.1.3
9.1.4
9.1.5
9.1.6
9.1.7
9.1.8
9.1.9
EIGRP Message Format
Protocol Dependent Modules (PDM)
RTP (Reliable Transport Protocol) and EIGRP Packet Types
Hello Protocol
EIGRP Bounded Updates
DUAL: An Introduction
Administrative Distance
Authentication
Basic EIGRP configuration
9.2.1
EIGRP Network Topology
9.2.2
Autonomous System and Process IDs
9.2.3
9.2.4
9.2.5
9.2.6
The router eigrp command
The network Command
Verifying EIGRP
Examining the Routing Table
EIGRP Metric Calculation
9.3.1
9.3.2
9.3.3
9.3.4
EIGRP Composite Metric and the K Values
EIGRP Metrics
Using the Bandwidth Command
Calculating the EIGRP Metric
DUAL
New
New
New
New
9.4.1
9.4.2
DUAL concepts
Successor and Feasibile Distance
Feasible Successor, Feasible Condition and Reported
Distance
Topology Table: Successor and Feasible Successor
Topology Table: No Feasible Successor
Finite State Machine
More EIGRP Configuration
New
New
New
The Null0 Summary Route
Disabling Automatic Summarization
Manual Summarization
EIGRP Default Route
Fine Tuning EIGRP
New
New
New
New
New
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.4.3
9.4.4
9.4.5
9.4.6
9.5
9.5.1
9.5.2
9.5.3
9.5.4
9.5.5
June 27, 2007
New/ Existing
Content
P-New 6.2.1,
6.2.6, 6.3.3
P-New 7.3.1,
7.3.2
New
New
New
New
New
New
P-New 9.1.5
New
New
P-New 6.2.2,
6.2.3
P-New 6.3.2
P-New 6.3.2
New
New
New
New
New
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CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS
INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE
Course Outline
EIGRP Configuration Labs
9.6
9.7
9.8
10.0
9.6.1
9.6.2
9.6.3
9.7.1
9.8.1
10.0.1
10.1.1
Link State Routing Protocols
10.1.2
Introduction to the SPF Algorithm
10.1.3
Link State Routing Process
10.1.4
10.1.5
10.1.6
10.1.7
10.1.8
10.1.9
Learning about Directly Connected Routes
Sending Hello Packets to Neighbors
Building the Link-State Packet
Flooding Link-State Packets to Neighbors
Constructing a Link-State Database
Shortest Path First (SPF) Tree
Implementing Link-State Routing Protocols
10.2.1
10.2.2
Advantages of a Link-State Routing Protocol
Requirements of a Link-State Routing Protocol
Summary and Review
10.2
10.3
10.3.1
10.4
10.4.1
11.0.1
11.1.1
11.1.2
11.1.3
11.1.4
11.1.5
11.1.6
11.1.7
11.1.8
June 27, 2007
New
New
New
P-New 6.2.6,
6.3.5
P-New 6.2.6,
6.3.5
P-New 6.2.6,
6.3.5
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
Chapter Quiz
Chapter Introduction
Introduction to OSPF
11.1
11.2
Basic EIGRP Configuration Lab
Challenge EIGRP Configuration Lab
Troubleshooting EIGRP Configuration Lab
Summary and Review
Chapter Quiz
Chapter Introduction
Link-State Routing
10.1
11.0
New/ Existing
Content
Background of OSPF
OSPF Message Encapsulation
OSPF Packet Types
Hello Protocol
OSPF Link-State Updates
OSPF Algorithm
Administrative Distance
Authentication
Basic OSPF Configuration
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
Page 10
CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS
INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE
Course Outline
11.2.1
11.2.2
11.2.3
11.2.4
11.2.5
11.2.6
Verifying OSPF
Examining the Routing Table
The OSPF Metric
New
New
11.3.1
11.3.2
OSPF Metric
Modifying the Cost of the Link
OSPF and Multi-access Networks
New
New
11.4.1
11.4.2
11.4.3
Challenges in Multiaccess Networks
DR/BDR Election Process
OSPF Interface Priority
More OSPF Configuration
New
New
New
11.5.1
11.5.2
Redistributing an OSPF Default Route
Fine-Tuning OSPF
OSPF Configuration Labs
Basic OSPF Configuration Lab
Challenge OSPF Configuration Lab
Troubleshooting OSPF Configuration Lab
Chapter Summary
Chapter Quiz
New
New
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
Lab Topology
router ospf process-id command
The network command
OSPF Router ID
New/ Existing
Content
New
New
New
New
11.6.1
11.6.2
11.6.3
11.7.1
11.8.1
New
New
New
Routing Protocols and Concepts Summary of Skills and
Equipments Changes
There are new skills as well as new equipment being introduced in the CCNA Exploration
curriculum.
NEW SKILLS REQUIRED
Following is a list of the new skills that shall be required for the Routing Protocols and Concepts
course:
•
•
•
Advanced examination of routing tables
OSPF troubleshooting
EIGRP troubleshooting
June 27, 2007
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CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS
INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE
•
Advance use of Packet Tracer 4.1
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
Academies adopting all CCNA Discovery courses and/or all CCNA Exploration courses Minimum Required Equipment Bundle:
In order to be able to implement the different topologies that are used in the lab exercises of the
CCNA curricula, Academies teaching the four courses of either CCNA Exploration and/or CCNA
Discovery require as a minimum the following equipment:
- 3 Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Routers (ISR) with Base IP IOS 12.4
- 3 2960 switches
- 2 Linksys wireless routers (Linksys 300N is preferred but 54G is alternative) or SOHO
equivalent (Linksys WRV200)
Note: The routers and switches in this equipment bundles can be substituted by other models
of Cisco routers and switches with equal or higher specifications.
Additional Lab Equipment Required:
In addition to the networking equipment specified above, the lab topologies of CCNA
Exploration and Discovery require the use of the following equipment and accessories:
- 1 PC acting as an Application Server
- 2 desktop/laptop PCs acting as clients
- NIC Cards for the PC server and PC clients
- 2 Wireless LAN Adapters for the client PCs
- Ethernet cables and Serial Cables
- Cable-making and testing equipment
IOS Option:
In order to keep equipment investment to a minimum, the Product Development team designed
all lab exercises for both CCNA Exploration and Discovery using the BASE IP IOS 12.4. For
those Academies that wish to drill deeper into some of the routing functionalities, Cisco
recommends an upgrade of the BASE IP IOS to the Advanced Services IOS. In addition to the
software itself, this upgrade requires additional DRAM and Flash memories for the 1841
Routers. Details of the upgrade can be found in the Advanced IP Options tab of this document.
Mounting Rack Accessories:
The 1841 is a desktop router. Academies that prefer to install lab equipment in standard 19”
racks, can use the optional Rack Kit for the 1841.
Topologies:
June 27, 2007
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ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS
INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE
CCNA Exploration 2 – Routing Protocols and Concepts Lab Topology
June 27, 2007
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CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS
INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE
Summary of Changes
Integrated use of Packet Tracer for network visualization, skill building and simulation.
Removal of content related to IGRP, TCP, and ICMP. TCP and ICMP are covered in
Network Fundamentals.
IGRP is no longer supported by Cisco.
More challenging lab activities including skill building and troubleshooting practice.
Content covering Access-Control Lists has been moved to the fourth Exploration course
for managing traffic and security.
Core topic for the course is a higher level of routing and routing protocols brought down
from CCNA 3 and 4 courses such as OSPF, and EIGRP, VLSM and CIDR.
June 27, 2007
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