Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
Next Generation Sunshine State Standards
Biology I
District Mid-Term Examination
The questions on this test measure your knowledge of the Next Generation Sunshine State Standards
(NGSSS) in Biology. Use your knowledge of Biology to answer all the questions on this examination.
This examination consists of 80 multiple-choice questions.
Follow the instructions below to complete this exam:






Read each question carefully.
Choose the best answer to each question.
Mark only one answer for each question.
If you change your answer, be sure to erase completely.
Use a No. 2 pencil to bubble and answer each question on the answer sheet provided.
When you have finished the exam, sit quietly and wait for directions from the instructor.
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
1
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
2
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
SC.912.L.16.8
1. Lung cancer cells do not respond to the signals that regulate the growth of normal lung cells. Which of the
following processes is NOT appropriately regulated in the cancerous cells?
A.
B.
C.
D.
fertilization
meiosis
mitosis
transpiration
2. SC.912.N.3.4
Which statement best describes a scientific theory?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It is an explanation that is well supported by many scientific observations.
It is a scientific fact that has been proven.
It is a collection of data.
It is an educated guess.
3. SC.912.L.16.2
Albino individuals lack all pigmentation so that their hair and skin are white. The transmission of Albinism is shown on
the pedigree below.
According to the pedigree, what is the mode of inheritance for this condition?
A. a nonsex-linked recessive genetic trait
B. a nonsex-linked dominant genetic trait
C. a sex-linked trait that requires both parents to be albinos
D. a sex-linked trait carried on the X chromosome
4. SC.912.L.16.16
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes can undergo the process represented in the diagram below.
What is this process is known as?
A.
B.
C.
D.
chromosomal mutation
nondisjunction
replication
crossing-over
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
3
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
5. SC.912.L.16.1
A couple has two children, one with brown hair and blue eyes and one with brown hair and brown eyes. Which of the
following explains the fact that the children can have the same hair color but different eye color?
A. law of segregation.
B. principle of probability.
C. principle of dominance.
D. law of independent assortment.
6. SC.912.L.16.14
Fruit flies have 3 chromosomes plus sex chromosomes (X and Y). Mutations occurred within four different cells of an
individual female fruit fly as shown in the table below.
Which of these mutations could be passed on to the offspring of this fruit fly?
A.
B.
C.
D.
curly wings
yellow body
absent eyes
leg-shaped antennae
7. SC.912.L.16.1
The diagram below represents a cross between two pea plants.
Rr x Rr
R
r
R
r
In pea plants, the allele for round seeds (R) is dominant to the allele for oval seeds (r). In a cross between the two plants
above, what percentage of the offspring will have round seeds?
A. 100%
B. 75%
C. 50%
D. 25%
8. SC.912.L.18.11
Which statement best describes how enzymes function in the body?
A. Enzymes are converted into products by the reactions they catalyze
B. Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions
C. One enzyme can catalyze many different reactions
D. An enzyme is used once and then destroyed by the cell
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
4
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
9. SC.912.L.14.3
Identify the number of the organelle whose function is to store water and dissolved salts?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Organelle 1
Organelle 2
Organelle 3
Organelle 4
10. SC.912.L.14.2
Which statement best describes an important function of the cell structure shown in the model below?
A. controlling passage of materials
B. packaging cell products for export
C. transferring hereditary material to offspring
D. preventing a cell from bursting due to osmosis
11. SC.912.L.14.7
Which type of plant tissue would be found ONLY in the circled areas of the plant shown below?.
A. meristematic tissue
B. vascular tissue
C. dermal tissue
D. ground tissue
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
5
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
12. SC.912.L.18.12
When water dissolves a substance, weak charges on water molecules attract oppositely charged portions of the substance,
pulling them out into solution. Which property of water accounts for this occurrence?
A. pH
B. polarity
C. cohesion
D. surface tension
13. SC.912.N.1.1
Patients with a specific medical condition have been provided with a new device that helps them manage their condition.
The patients will be required to participate in a survey regarding the usefulness of the device. How can the manufacturer be
certain that no bias enters into the surveys?
A. by paying the patients for their participation.
B. by having a second, independent party conduct the survey.
C. by waiting until the survey is completed to sell the device
D. by providing a toll-free number in case there are questions about the devices
14. SC.912.L.16.17
The fungus Penicillium reproduces asexually and forms genetically identical spores. Which of the following processes
does Penicillium use to form its spores?
A.
B.
C.
D.
mitosis
osmosis
fertilization
transcription
15. SC.912.L.16.14
Identify the phase of mitosis illustrated below in which the chromosomes become aligned?
A.
B.
C.
D.
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
16. SC.912.L.14.3
Glucose is not able to pass through a semi-permeable cell membrane. If the cells need sugar to make ATP and carry out
cellular processes, how does the sugar get into the cell?
A.
B.
C.
D.
phagocytosis
passive transport by osmosis
passive transport by diffusion (facilitated diffusion)
active transport using ATP and carrier proteins
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
6
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
17. SC.912.N.1.3
Analyze the following illustration and choose the correct answer to the question.
In a student experiment, 4 earthworms were placed at each end of a compartment as shown. After 10 minutes, all of the
earthworms were together in the same area. The students concluded that the earthworms had moved as far as they could in
that period of time. Which alternative explanation is also supported?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The earthworms moved to their preferred temperature range.
The earthworms needed to be with other earthworms for warmth.
The earthworms preferred to be in protected corners.
The earthworms moved randomly until they grouped together.
18. SC.912.L.18.1
The diagram below shows the general structure of an amino acid. Which type of molecule is formed from amino acids?
A.
B.
C.
D.
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
7
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
19. SC.912.L.18.9
A weightlifter is using heavy weights in short bursts for a competition. Because his muscle cells are not able to take in enough
oxygen to make very much ATP the weightlifter begins to get fatigue in his muscles. Which of the following processes is most
likely going on in the muscles of the weightlifter as he competes in his event?
A. The cells will never run out of oxygen if the weightlifter is breathing.
B. As the cells run out of oxygen, they die off gradually and the weightlifter's muscles have fewer contracting
muscle cells.
C. As the cells run out of oxygen, they will continue to make the same amount of ATP, since oxygen is not
required to make ATP.
D. As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration, which allows the cell to make small
amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen.
20. SC.912.N.1.1
A scientist performs an experiment to see if acids have an effect on the health of a particular type of plant. Three sets of
plants were treated with various acidic solutions of known pH, while the control set was treated with a solution of pH 7.
Which statement is the best conclusion for this experiment?
A. High pH is harmful to this type of plant.
B. Low pH is helpful to this type of plant.
C. Low pH is harmful to this type of plant.
D. Acid has no effect on the health of this type of plant
21. SC.912.L.16.10
Which of the biotechnology methods below would be the most important to a person who had diabetes and takes insulin
every day?
A.
B.
C.
D.
testing parents for genetic disorders before they have children.
developing ways to identify criminals through DNA fingerprinting.
using recombinant DNA to produce human hormones from bacteria.
engineering fruits and vegetables that resist insects and other pests.
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
8
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
22. SC.912.L.16.10
Current research indicates that before gene therapy (the replacement of a faulty gene with a normal one) could be
implemented, which of the following discoveries had to take place first?
A. The effects of viral DNA had to be studied.
B. New medications had to be developed and tested.
C. The way in which DNA replicates had to be determined.
D. The genes on each chromosome had to be mapped and described.
23. SC.912.L.14.7
The cambium is a section of cells in a plant that can become either part of the xylem or phloem, depending on the growth
and needs of the plant. If the cambium of a particular plant were damaged, what would be the most likely effect on the
plant?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The plant would have uncontrolled growth.
The plant would not experience any change in function.
The plant would lose its ability to carry out photosynthesis.
The plant would not be able to transport nutrients and water.
24. SC.912.L.14.7
What is the advantage of seeds in flowering plants?
A.
B.
C.
D.
To be fertilized by other plants.
To entice animals to eat the plant.
To store water for the mother plant.
To protect and distribute the plant embryo.
25. SC.912.L.14.7
The diagram below shows a cross section of a plant leaf.
How does the structure marked X contribute to the survival of the plant?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It allows the intake of minerals necessary for plant growth.
It allows the intake of gases necessary for photosynthesis.
It allows the intake of sunlight necessary for ATP production.
It allows the intake of sugars necessary for plant reproduction.
26. SC.912.N.1.4
Which of the following sources would a scientist consider the most reliable to use when developing a hypothesis for an
investigation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
a scientific blog
an Internet website
class laboratory reports
peer-reviewed journal articles
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
9
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
27. SC.912.L.16.5
While helping to plant a school garden, Olivia and Pedro observed many different types of plants. They drew the
following diagram of a green pepper plant growing in the garden.
The green pepper plant has proteins that control the process of making glucose. How does the plant obtain these proteins?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The plant makes the proteins using the instructions in DNA.
The proteins are absorbed from the soil by the roots of the plant.
The light energy changes molecules in the plant cell into proteins.
The proteins are all present in the seed before germination occurs.
28. SC.912.L.18.1
Which statement correctly compares a function of lipids to a function of proteins in the body?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Fats insulate the body, and proteins control contraction.
Fats cushion the organs, and proteins insulate the body.
Fats coordinate body activities, and proteins provide sugars.
Fats store energy, and proteins provide the primary fuel for cell respiration.
29. SC.912.L.16.2
In people, the trait for colorblindness (Xb) is a recessive sex linked trait and normal vision (XB) is dominant. If a female
who is heterozygous for colorblindness has children with a man who has normal vision, what percent of their male
children would be expected to be color-blind?
A.
B.
C.
D.
0%
25%
50%
100%
30. SC.912.L.18.1
The structural formula of a molecule is shown below.
What type of molecule is shown in the diagram?
A.
B.
C.
D.
a lipid
a protein
a nucleic acid
a carbohydrate
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
10
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
31. SC.912.L.16.9
The diagram below represents a genetic procedure.
Which statement best describes the outcome of this procedure?
A.
B.
C.
D.
bacterial cells may form a multicellular embryo.
bacterial cells will destroy defective human genetic material.
the inserted human DNA will change harmful bacteria to harmless ones.
the inserted human DNA may direct the synthesis of human proteins.
32. SC.912.L.16.5
Which sequence will complete the mRNA strand matched to DNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
CAG
TUG
GUC
GTC
33. SC.912.L.18.7
The two reactions shown below represent processes that occur in living organisms.
Which of the following statements is correct about the two reactions?
A. Oxygen (O2) is used to release energy during photosynthesis.
B. Sugar (C6H12O6) is broken down to release energy during cell respiration.
C. Water (H2O) is broken down to release energy during cell respiration.
D. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is used to release energy during photosynthesis.
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
11
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
34. SC.912.L.14.2
The diagram below shows a container divided into two compartments by a membrane permeable to water but not to starch.
Two solutions containing different concentrations of dissolved starch were placed on each side of the membranes.
Which of the following describes what will happen to the water level during the process of osmosis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The water level on both sides of the membrane will decrease.
The water level on the left side of the membrane will increase.
The water level on the right side of the membrane will increase.
The water level on both sides of the membrane will stay the same.
35. SC.912.L.16.14
Analyze the diagram below and choose the correct sequence of diagrams for the cell cycle, beginning with prophase?
A.
B.
C.
D.
5, 3, 1, 2, 4
2, 1, 4, 5, 3
3, 1, 4, 2, 5
2, 3, 1, 5, 4
36. SC.912.L.18.10
The ATP cycle is diagrammed below.
What occurs when energy is released from the ATP cycle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
a sugar is added to ATP
a phosphate is added to ADP
a sugar is removed from ADP
a phosphate is removed from ATP
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
12
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
37. SC.912.L.16.2
Red blood cells are classified as type A or type B, based on their surface antigens. Type O blood does not contain any
antigens. The chart below shows the possible phenotypes of each blood type.
Which mechanism explains how both A and B antigens produce type AB blood?
A. codominance
B. complete dominance
C. polygenic inheritance
D. incomplete dominance
38. SC.912.L.16.4
The diagram below shows a DNA molecule that contains a mutation after the replication process.
In which section of the DNA molecule is the mutation located?
A. Section 1
B. Section 2
C. Section 3
D. Section 4
39. SC.912.L.16.5
A portion of an mRNA molecule is shown below. The diagram represents which process?
A.
B.
C.
D.
replication
translation
transcription
fragmentation
40. SC.912.L.14.2
A cell requires energy to move materials from an area of low concentration, across the cell membrane, to an area of high
concentration. This process is called
A.
B.
C.
D.
osmosis
active transport
passive transport
facilitated diffusion
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
13
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
41. SC.912.N.1.1
A pesticide manufacturer claims that a new product will decrease the pest population by 25% more than the current pesticide.
A population of 75 beetles of the same species is exposed to the new pesticide for a 10-week period. A separate population of
the same species of beetle is exposed to the same amount of the current pesticide for a 10-week period. The data collected is
sent to an independent research company to verify the results.
Which statement BEST explains how an independent research company verifies data to ensure unbiased results?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The company compares the data given to similar investigations.
The company sends out the data to another researcher to investigate.
The company performs the same investigation and compares results.
The company tests many types of pesticides and draws its own conclusion.
42. SC.912.L.18.11
How does the reduction in activation energy by an enzyme affect a chemical reaction?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The products are not stable.
The reaction proceeds at a faster rate.
Less energy is gained from the reaction.
The reaction is less efficient when the enzyme is present.
43. SC.912.N.1.1
A research company wants to design a new type of artificial heart valve that will be less likely to be rejected by a person's
immune system. Which step in the design process should the company perform before building a prototype of the heart
valve?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Find test subjects for the new heart valve.
Conduct research on existing artificial heart valves.
Determine how to manufacture the new heart valve.
Evaluate the performance of the artificial heart valve.
44. SC.912.L.14.3
The following cell structures are located within cells that make proteins. Which description best explains the relationship
among these cell structures in making a protein?
• nucleus
• ribosome
• endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
A. nucleus makes proteinprotein winds through the ERprotein folds into its active shape
B. nucleus directs ER to assemble the proteinribosomes surround proteinprotein folds into its active shape
C. ER creates proteinDNA in the nucleus codes for ribosomes to surround proteinprotein folds into its
active shape
D. DNA in nucleus codes for proteinprotein assembled in ribosomes and moves to ERprotein folds into its
active shape
45. SC.912.L.14.4
Which device would be used to obtain a three-dimensional image of a bacterium?
A.
B.
C.
D.
light microscope
X-ray microscope
scanning electron microscope
transmission electron microscope
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
14
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
46. SC.912.L.14.3
Identify the organelle responsible for processing, modifying, and transporting lipids and proteins.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Structure A
Structure G
Structure F
Structure D
47. MA.912.S.3.2
A researcher is investigating how the amount of carbon dioxide in the air influences the rate of photosynthesis in a certain
type of plant. The researcher uses ten identical plants and places them in ten closed environments that are identical except
for the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. The researcher measures the amount of oxygen each plant produces to
determine their photosynthetic activity.
Which would be the BEST data to display for comparing the photosynthetic activity of the plants.
A.
B.
C.
D.
line graph
circle graph
bar graph
histogram
48. SC.912.L.16.3
What process of DNA is represented in the diagram below?
A.
B.
C.
D.
mutation
translation
replication
transcription
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
15
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
49. SC.912.L.14.3
A student in a science laboratory made the chart below documenting the structures seen in three different cell samples.
The student hypothesizes that Sample 3 is a plant cell.
What structure in Sample 3 supports this hypothesis?
A. nucleus
B. vacuole
C. cell wall
D. mitochondria
50. SC.912.L.18.8
Which process do cells use to release energy without using oxygen?
A.
B.
C.
D.
mitosis
photosynthesis
aerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration
51. SC.912.L.16.1
Purebred sweet peas with red flowers are crossed with purebred sweet peas with white flowers; all of the offspring have
pink flowers.
Predict the phenotypic ratio of the offspring if two sweet peas with pink flowers are crossed.
A.
B.
C.
D.
1:1
3:1
1:1:1
1:2:1
52. SC.912.L.16.3
What is the primary function of DNA in organisms?
A.
B.
C.
D.
stores genetic information.
binds to specific active sites.
transports amino acids to the ribosomes.
produces chromosomes for sexual reproduction.
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
16
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
53. SC.912.N.1.1
Students in a biology class are studying the effects of temperature on the aquatic plant Elodea. They count the number of
oxygen bubbles released by an Elodea plant in a beaker of water heated to different temperatures.
Which statement best explains the results of the study?
A.
B.
C.
D.
As temperature increases, the rate of photosynthesis constantly increases.
As temperature increases, the rate of cellular respiration constantly increases.
The rate of photosynthesis increases with temperature up to 30°C and then decreases.
The rate of cellular respiration increases with temperature up to 30°C and then decreases.
54. SC.912.L.14.1
Which of the following statements is a principle of the cell theory that supports the idea that new cells will replace
damaged cells in a scraped knee?
A.
B.
C.
D.
All living things are composed of one or more cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
All cells arise from previously existing cells.
Most cells are too small to be reviewed with the unaided eye.
55. SC.912.L.16.2
Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease that affects the respiratory and digestive systems. Cystic fibrosis occurs when two
recessive genes (cc) are present. A person with one allele for cystic fibrosis is called a carrier (Cc) of the disease.
If the mother is a carrier of the disease and the father is homozygous dominant, what are the chances that their first child
will be a carrier of cystic fibrosis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
25%
50%
75%
100%
56. SC.912.L.16.2
A cross between a red rose and a white rose produced plants with only pink flowers. What is this pattern of inheritance?
A.
B.
C.
D.
polygenic
sex-linked
dominance
incomplete dominance
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
17
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
57. SC.912.L.16.1
The Punnett square below shows a cross between two pea plants. Both are heterozygous for seed texture and seed color.
What is the probability an offspring will have green seed color and rough seed texture?
A.
B.
C.
D.
3/16
4/16
9/16
12/16
58. SC.912.L.18.9
What are the two main processes by which cells absorb, release, and use energy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
fermentation and cell respiration
digestion and photosynthesis
photosynthesis and cell respiration
aerobic and anaerobic respiration
59. SC.912.L.14.2
An animal cell placed in a sugar solution is shown in the diagram below.
Which statement best describes how osmosis will affect this animal cell?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Sugar will move into the cell and the cell will expand.
Water will move into the cell and the cell will expand.
Water will move out of the cell and the cell will shrink.
Sugar will move out of the cell and the cell will expand.
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
18
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
60. SC.912.L.16.1
A woman with attached earlobes has a child with a man who has unattached earlobes. This couple has three children, and
all of them have unattached earlobes. Which of the traits below is most likely for attached earlobes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
dominant
recessive
codominant
incomplete dominance
61. SC.912.N.14.4
Which tool would be BEST to accurately observe the details of organelles in a cell?
A.
B.
C.
D.
magnifying glass
electron microscope
dissecting microscope
compound light microscope
Use the following illustration to answer questions 62 - 63. The illustration shows four processes involving DNA and
RNA.
62. SC.912.L.16.5
Which figure shows the process of transcription?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
63. Which figure shows a process in which a mutation has occurred?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
19
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
64. SC.912.L.16.2
The inheritance of a trait is shown in the pedigree below.
Based on the pedigree, what is the genotype of the male in the P1 generation?
A. XCYc
B. XcYc
C. XCY
D. XcY
65. SC.912.L.18.1
In living cells, enzymes act as catalysts. In the graphs below, pathway x is a solid line representing the uncatalyzed
reaction. The dotted line shows the catalyzed reaction.
Which graph best illustrates the reaction with a catalyst?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Graph A
Graph B
Graph C
Graph D
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
20
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
66. SC.912.L.18.7
Which of following would decrease the rate of photosynthesis in a plant?
A.
B.
C.
D.
a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the air
an increase in the amount of oxygen in the air
a decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide in the air
an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the air
67. SC.912.L.14.3
Which cell type would contain the greatest number of mitochondria?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A red blood cell that transports oxygen.
A muscle cell in the leg muscle of a runner.
A nerve cell that transmit signals to the brain stem.
A cell of the stomach lining that manufactures digestive enzymes.
68. SC.912.L.16.5
The chart below decodes messenger RNA codons to amino acids they code for.
A DNA strand has the codon TCA.
According to the chart, which amino acid does this code for?
A.
B.
C.
D.
serine
leucine
glycine
alanine
69. SC.912.L.14.3
Which of the following is the most significant difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?
A.
B.
C.
D.
genetic variation is a result of sexual reproduction
chromosome number is reduced during sexual reproduction
chromosome number is reduced during asexual reproduction
the appearance of the organism is changed as a result of asexual reproduction
70. SC.912.L.14.1
Which statement best describes how cell theory relates to a stem cell’s ability to change into specialized cell types?
A. Metabolism occurs in cells.
B. Some organisms are unicellular.
C. Stem cells result from viral infections of healthy cells.
D. All cells in an organism have the same hereditary material.
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
21
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
71. SC.912.N.1.1
A researcher in Broward County, Florida designed an investigation to test what effect eating different types of food would
have on blood insulin levels. She selected 10 male subjects who were all 25 years of age and in good health. The
experiment took place over 3 days. At 8:00 a.m. on each day, the subjects ate a meal consisting of only 1 type of food.
They had their blood insulin levels measured after consuming the meal. On Day 1 they ate a high fat diet, on Day 2 they
ate a high protein diet, and on Day 3 they ate a high sugar diet.
What is the independent variable in this experiment?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the blood insulin level
the age of the subjects
the type of food consumed
the time of day the meal was consumed.
72. SC.912.L.16.16
The distribution of chromosomes in one type of cell division is shown in the diagram below.
Which process and type of resulting cells are represented in the diagram?
A.
B.
C.
D.
mitosis, which produces gametes
meiosis, which produces gametes
mitosis, which produces body cells
meiosis, which produces body cells
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
22
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
73. MA.912.S.3.2
An entomologist collected 5 samples of insects from a large puddle. The table below shows the collected data.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Graph A
Graph B
Graph C
Graph D
Use the letter choices on the following diagram to answer questions 74- 77.
74.
75.
76.
77.
Structure with the developing embryo
Structure producing pollen
Structure on which pollen lands
Structure that develops into a fruit
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
23
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
The following section focuses on Sickle-Cell Anemia.
Read the information below and use it to answer questions 78 through 80.
Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects thousands of people in Florida, the United States
and millions worldwide. Sickle cell anemia commonly occurs in groups whose ancestors came from Africa, as well as
South America, Cuba, Central America, Saudi Arabia, India, and the Mediterranean.
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in the hemoglobin protein in red blood cells. Sickle cell anemia results in
paleness, fatigue, shortness of breath, and increased heart rate due to a deficiency in the oxygen-carrying component of the
blood. When oxygen levels are low in an affected individual, the red blood cells become deformed into a curved, sickle
shape. People with sickle cell anemia can experience swelling, pain, infection, and organ damage.
All individuals have two alleles for the gene that codes for the hemoglobin protein (Hb). Individuals with two Hb A
alleles have normal, round red blood cells. Heterozygous individuals, with one Hb A allele and one Hb S allele, do not
experience symptoms of the disease, but they may produce some sickle-shaped red blood cells. Individuals with two Hb S
alleles have sickle cell anemia.
The diagrams to the right represent some of the steps in the formation of hemoglobin in two individuals,
Y and Z. In these diagrams, only a small part of the hemoglobin gene sequence is represented.
Individual Y has two Hb A alleles and therefore produces normal red blood cells. Individual Z has two Hb S alleles and
therefore produces sickle-shaped red blood cells.
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
24
Biology Mid-Term Exam – School Board of Broward County Department of STEM & Instructional Resources
Read carefully and select your answers to multiple-choice questions 78 through 80.
78. SC.912.L. 16.3
Which of the following statements best describes why the change in only one DNA base of the hemoglobin gene results in
a different protein product of the gene?
A. The change prevents mRNA from being made.
B. The change alters the amino acid sequence of the protein.
C. The change causes the blood cells to divide in an uncontrolled way.
D. The change creates a second strand of mRNA for each RNA molecule.
79. SC.912.L.16.5
Which of the following cell structures carries out the process represented by the arrows labeled “2” in the diagrams?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Ribosome
D. Cell membrane
80. SC.912.L.16.4
Which of the following statements best compares individual Y and individual Z in terms of genotype and phenotype?
A. The individuals have the same genotype and the same phenotype.
B. The individuals have the same genotype but different phenotypes.
C. The individuals have different genotypes but the same phenotype.
D. The individuals have different genotypes and different phenotypes.
Biology I NGSSS
Revised December 2012
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