Chapter 2 Problems­key.notebook
1.
The radius of a Cl nucleus is 4.0 fm (femtometer), and the radius of a Cl atom is 100 pm (picometer). (1 fm = 1 X 10­
15m; 1 pm = 1 X 10­12m). a)
How many times larger is the diameter of the Cl atom than the diameter of the Cl nucleus?
September 17, 2014
c)
How many times larger is the volume of the atom than the volume of the nucleus?
(The formula for the volume of a sphere is 4/3πr3). 1.5 X 1013 Xs
25, 000 Xs larger
Density atom = 14.76 g/cm3
Density nucleus = 7.3 X 1014 g/cm3
40,000 ft = 7.6 mile
d)
b)
If you are standing in a 1 meter square block in room 388 (the chemistry room!) at Scarsdale High, and we make the analogy the 1 meter is the diameter of the nucleus, calculate the distance in meters, feet, and miles that would represent the distance to the end of the entire atom. Note: 1 m = 3.20 ft, 1 mile = 5280 ft.
Compare the density of the Cl atom to the density of the Cl nucleus for a Cl­37 isotope of Cl. Determine the densities in g/cm3. Note: the mass of 1 proton = 1.673 X 10­27 kg and the mass of 1 neutron = 1.675 X 10­27 kg.
Sep 24­7:33 PM
50.
Identify the elements that correspond to the following atomic numbers. Label each as either a noble gas, a halogen, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, a lanthanide metal, or an actinide metal. a)
17
Cl halogen
b)
4
Be alkaline earth metal
c)
63
Eu lanthanide
d)
72
Hf transition metal
e)
2
He Noble gas
f)
92
U
g)
55
Cs alkali metal
Sep 24­7:34 PM
57.
What is the isotopic notation for an ion with 63 protons, 60 electrons, and 88 neutrons? 151 3+
Eu
63
118 2+
Sn
50
What is the isotopic notation for an ion with 50 protons, 48 electrons, and 68 neutrons
actinide
Sep 24­7:35 PM
Sep 24­7:35 PM
Write formulas for the following compounds
63.
Name the following compounds
a)
NaBr sodum bromide
b)
Rb 2 O rubidium oxide
c)
CaS calcium sulfide
d)
AlI3 e)
Strontium fluoride SrF2
f)
Aluminum selenide Al2 Se3
g)
Potassium nitride h)
Magnesium phosphide K3 N
aluminum iodide
Sep 24­7:36 PM
Mg3 P2
Sep 24­7:36 PM
1
Chapter 2 Problems­key.notebook
September 17, 2014
Write formulas for the following compounds
64.
Name the following compounds
a)
Hg2 O mercury (I) oxide/mercurous oxide
b)
FeBr 3 iron(II)bromide/ferric bromide
c)
CoS cobalt(II)sulfide/cobaltous sulfide
d)
TiCl4 titanium(IV)chloride
e)
Tin(II)nitride Sn3N2
f)
Cobalt(III)iodide CoI3
g)
Mercury(II)oxide HgO
h)
Chromium(VI)sulfide CrS3
Sep 24­7:37 PM
Sep 24­7:37 PM
65.
Name each of the following compounds
66.
Write formulas for each of the following compounds:
a)
CsF cesium fluoride
a)
Zinc chloride ZnCl2
b)
Tin(IV)fluoride SnF4
b)
Li3N lithium nitride
c)
Calcium nitride Ca3N2
c)
Ag2S silver sulfide
d)
Aluminum sulfide Al2S3
e)
Mercury(I)selenide Hg2Se
f)
Silver iodide AgI
d)
MnO2 manganese(IV)oxide
e)
TiO2 titanium(IV)oxide
f)
Sr3P2 strontium phos[phide
Sep 24­7:38 PM
Sep 24­7:39 PM
67.
Name each of the following compounds:
68.
Write formulas for each of the following compounds:
a)
BaSO3 barium sulfite
a)
Chromium(III)hydroxide Cr(OH)3
b)
NaNO2 sodium nitrite
b)
Magnesium cyanide Mg(CN)2
c)
KMnO4 potassium permanganate
c)
Lead(IV)carbonate Pb(CO3)2
d)
K2Cr2O7 potassium dichromate
d)
Ammonium acetate NH4C2H3O2
Sep 24­7:40 PM
Sep 24­7:40 PM
2
Chapter 2 Problems­key.notebook
September 17, 2014
69.
Name each of the following compounds
70.
Write the formula for each of the following compounds:
a)
NO2 nitrogen dioxide/nitrogen(IV)oxide
a)
Diboron trioxide B2O3
b)
Arsenic pentafluoride AsF5
b)
ICl3 iodine trichloride/iodine(III)chloride
c)
Dinitrogen monoxide N2O
c)
SO2 sulfur dioxide/sulfur(IV)oxide
d)
Sulfur hexafluoride SF6
P2S5 diphosphoroue pentasulfide/phosphorous(V)sulfide
d)
Sep 24­7:41 PM
71.
Name each of the following compounds:
a)
CuI copper(I)iodide/cuprous iodide
b)
CuI2 copper(II)iodide/cupric iodide
Sep 24­7:41 PM
72.
Name each of the following compounds. Assume the acids are dissolved in water.
a)
HC2H3O2
acetic acid
b)
NH4NO2
ammonium nitrite
c)
Co2S3
cobalt(II)sulfide/cobaltic siulfide
d)
ICl
iodine chloride
c)
CoI2 cobalt(II)iodide/cobltous iodide
d)
Na2CO3 sodium carbonate
e)
Pb3(PO4)2
lead(II)phosphate/plumbous phosphate
e)
NaHCO3 sodium hydrogen carbonate (or sodium bicarbonate)
f)
KClO3
potassium chlorate
f)
S4N4 tetra sulfur tetranitride
g)
H2SO4
sulfuric acid
h)
Sr3N2
strontium nitride
g)
SF4 sulfur tetrafluoride/sulfur(IV)fluoride
h)
NaOCl sodium hypochlorite
i)
BaCrO4 barium chromate
j)
NH4NO3 ammonium nitrate
i)
Al2(SO3)3
aluminum sulfite
j)
SnO2
tin(IV)oxide/stannic oxide
k)
Na2CrO4
sodium chromate
l)
HClO
hypochlorous acid
Sep 24­7:42 PM
Sep 24­7:43 PM
Knowing the names of similar chlorine oxyanions and acids, deduce the names of the following:
75.
73.
Elements in the same family often form oxyanions of the same general formula. The anions are named in a similar fashion. What are the names of the oxyanions of selenium and tellurium?
a)
SeO42­ selenate
b)
SeO32­ selenite
c)
TeO42­ tellurate
d)
IO­
HIO
IO2­
HIO2 iodous acid
IO3­
HIO3 iodic acid
IO4
TeO32­ tellurite
Sep 24­7:44 PM
­
hypoiodic acid
HIO4 periodic acid
Sep 24­7:44 PM
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Chapter 2 Problems­key.notebook
76.
September 17, 2014
77.
Write the formula for each of the following:
a)
Chromium(VI)oxide CrO3
b)
Disulfur dichloride
S2Cl2
c)
Nickel(II)fluoride NiF2
d)
Potassium hydrogen phosphate K2HPO4
e)
Aluminum nitride AlN
f)
Ammonia
NH3
g)
Manganese(IV)sulfide
MgS3
h)
Sodium dichromate
Na2CrO4
i)
Ammonium sulfite
j)
Carbon tetraiodide
Write the formula for each of the following:
a)
Sulfur difluoride
SF2
b)
Sulfur hexafluoride
SF6
c)
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate NaH2PO4
d)
Lithium nitride e)
Chromium(III)carbonate Cr2(CO3)3
f)
Tin(II)fluoride
SnF2
g)
Ammonium acetate
NH4C2H3O2
h)
Ammonium hydrogen sulfate
i)
Cobalt(III)nitrate
j)
Mercury(I)chloride
Hg2Cl2
k)
Potassium chlorate
KClO3
l)
Sodium hydride
Li3N
NH4HSO4
Co(NO3)3
(NH4)2SO3
Sep 24­7:45 PM
Sep 24­7:47 PM
78.
Write formulas for each of the following compounds:
79.
Write the formula for each of the following compounds:
a)
Sodium oxide a)
Ammonium hydrogen phosphate (NH4)2HPO4
b)
Sodium peroxide
Na2O2
b)
Mercury(I)sulfide Hg2S
c)
Potassium cyanide
KCN
c)
Silicon dioxide
SiO2
d)
Copper(II)nitrate
Cu(NO3)2
d)
Sodium sulfite
NaSO3
e)
Selenium tetrabromide SeBr4
e)
Aluminum hydrogen sulfate Al(HSO4)3
f)
Iodous acid
f)
Nitrogen trichloride
NCl3
g)
Lead(IV)sulfide
PbS2
g)
Hydrobromic acid
HBr
h)
Copper(I)chloride
CuCl
h)
Bromous acid
HBrO2
i)
Gallium arsenide
GaAs
i)
Perbromic acid
j)
Cadmium selenide
CdSe
j)
Potassium hydrogen sulfide KHS
k)
Zinc sulfide
ZnS
k)
Calcium iodide
l)
Nitrous acid
m)
Diphosphorous pentoxide
l)
Cesium perchlorate
Na2O
HIO2
Sep 24­7:48 PM
80.
Name the following acids:
a)
HNO3
nitric acid
b)
HClO4
perchloric acid
c)
HC2H3O2
acetic acid
d)
H2SO4
sulfuric
e)
H3PO4
phosphoric
Sep 24­7:51 PM
HBrO4
Sep 24­7:49 PM
91.
The formulas and common names for several substances are given below. Give the systematic names for these substances.
a)
Sugar of lead
Pb(C2H3O2)2
b)
Blue vitriol
CuSO4
copper(II)sulfate/cupric sul;fate
c)
Quicklime
CaO
calcium oxide
d)
Epsom salts
MgSO4
magnesium sulfate
e)
Milk of magnesia
Mg(OH)2
magnesium hydroxide
f)
Laughing gas
N2O
dinitrogen monoxide/nitrogen(I)oxide
lead(II)acetate/plumbous acetate
Sep 24­7:51 PM
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