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APPENDICES TITLE
COMMON MEDICAL
ABBREVIATIONS
a alpha: Bunsen solubility
coefficient; first in a series;
specific rotation term;
heavy chain class corresponding to IgA
a-h the right handed helical
form assumed by many
proteins
a-T a tocopherol
a (specific) absorption (coefficient) (USUALLY ITALIC); (total) acidity; area;
(systemic) arterial (blood)
(SUBSCRIPT); asymmetric; atto
A absorbance
A adenosine (or adenylic
acid); alveolar gas (SUBSCRIPT); ampere
Å angstrom; Ångström unit
aw aw [G.] ana of each (USED in
prescriptions)
AA amino acid; aminoacyl
a.c. [L.] ante cibum, before a
meal
A:G R albumin globulin ratio
Ab antibody
AB abortion
ABG arterial blood gas
ABI ankle-brachial index
abl Abelson murine leukemia
virus
ABLB alternate binaural
loudness balance (test)
ABO blood group system
ABR abortus Bang ring (test);
auditory brainstem response
(audiometry)
g-Abu-g aminobutyric acid
ABVD Adriamycin (doxorubicin), bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine
ac acetyl
a.c. [L.] ante cibum, before a
meal
aC arabinosylcytosine
Ac acetyl; actinium
AC acetate; acromioclavicular; air conduction; alternating current; atriocarotid
AC:A accommodation convergence accommodation
(ratio)
ACE angiotension converting
enzyme
ACEI angiotensin converting
enzyme inhibitor
AcG accelerator globulin
ac-g accelerator globulin
ACh, Ach acetylcholine
aCL anticardiolipin (antibody)
ACP acyl carrier protein
ACTH adrenocorticotropic
hormone (corticotropin)
AD Alzheimer disease
m AD [L.] auris dextra, right
ear
ADD attention deficit disorder
ad lib. [L.] ad libitum, freely,
as desired
Ade adenine
ADH antidiuretic hormone
ADHD attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder
ADLs activities of daily living
Ado adenosine
ADP adenosine 5´ diphosphate
ADR adverse drug reaction
A-E above the elbow (amputation)
AECB acute exacerbation of
chronic bronchitis
AED automated external
defibrillator
AFB acid fast bacillus
AFORMED alternating failure of response, mechanical, to electrical depolarization
AFP a-fetoprotein
Ag antigen; [L.] argentum,
silver
AHF antihemophilic factor
AHG antihemophilic globulin
AID artificial insemination
donor
AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
AIH artificial insemination by
husband; artificial insemination, homologous
A-K above the knee (amputation)
Al aluminum
Ala alanine (or its monoradical or diradical)
ALA d-aminolevulinic acid
ALD adrenoleukodystrophy
ALL acute lymphocytic
leukemia
ALS advanced life support;
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; antilymphocyte serum
ALT alanine aminotransferase
Am americium
AML acute myelogenous
leukemia
AMP adenosine monophosphate (adenylic acid)
amu atomic mass unit
ANA antinuclear antibody
ANF antinuclear factor
ANOVA analysis of variance
ANS autonomic nervous system
ANUG acute necrotizing
ulcerative gingivitis
AP anteroposterior
APA antipernicious anemia
(factor)
APAP acetaminophen
A-P-C adenoidal pharyngeal
conjunctival (virus)
APC antigen presenting cell
aPS antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
APTT activated partial
thromboplastin time
Ar argon
araC arabinosylcytosine
(cytarabine)
ARDS adult or acute respiratory distress syndrome
ARF acute renal failure; acute
rheumatic fever
Arg arginine (or its monoradical or diradical)
AROM active range of
motion
m AS [L.] auris sinistra, left
ear
As arsenic
ASA acetylsalicylic acid
(aspirin)
ASCP American Society of
Clinical Pathologists
ASC-US atypical squamous
cells of undetermined significance
ASHD arteriosclerotic heart
disease
Asn asparagine (or its mono
or diradical)
ASO antistreptolysin O
Asp aspartic acid (or its radical forms)
AST aspartate aminotransferase
At astatine
at. wt. atomic weight
ATFL anterior talofibular ligament
ATL adult T cell leukemia;
adult T cell lymphoma
atm (standard) atmosphere
ATP adenosine 5´ triphosphate
ATPase adenosine triphosphatase
ATPD ambient temperature
and pressure, dry
ATPS ambient temperature
and pressure, saturated
(with water vapor)
m AU [L.] auris utraque, each
ear, both ears
Au [L.] aurum, gold
AUC area under the curve
AV arteriovenous
A-V arteriovenous; atrioventricular
AVM arteriovenous malformation
AVN atrioventricular node
AVP antiviral protein
AW atomic weight
ax. axis
AZT azidothymidine (zidovudine)
B barometric (pressure) (SUBSCRIPT); boron
b blood (SUBSCRIPT)
β second in a series
Ba barium
BADLs basic activities of
daily living
BAER brainstem auditory
evoked response
BAL British anti-Lewisite
(dimercaprol); bronchoalveolar lavage
BALB binaural alternate
loudness balance (test)
BBB blood brain barrier; bundle branch block
BBT basal body temperature
BCG bacille bilié de Calmette
Guérin (vaccine)
BE barium enema
B-E below the elbow (amputation)
Be beryllium
Bi bismuth
b.i.d. [L.] bis in die, twice a
day
BIDS brittle hair, impaired
intelligence, decreased fertility, and short stature
(syndrome)
BIPAP bilevel positive airway pressure
Bk berkelium
BM bowel movement
BMD bone mineral density
BMI body mass index
BNEd Bachelor of Nursing
Education
m ) appears opposite abbreviations prohibited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO).
The forbidden symbol (m
An explanation of each prohibition is given in the usage notes of the A to Z entries for the relevant abbreviations.
APP 14
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COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS
BNP brain natriuretic peptide
BNSc Bachelor of Nursing
Science
bp base pair
BP blood pressure; boiling
point; British
Pharmacopoeia
BPF bronchopleural fistula
BPH Bachelor of Public
Health
BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia
Bq becquerel (SI unit of
radionuclide activity)
Br bromine
BRAT (diet) banana, rice
cereal, applesauce, toast
BS, BSc Bachelor of Science
(Baccalaureus Scientiae)
BSA body surface area
BSE breast self-examination
BSER brainstem evoked
response (audiometry)
BSN Bachelor of Science in
Nursing
BSO bilateral salpingooophorectomy
BT bleeding time
BTPS body temperature,
ambient pressure, saturated
(with water vapor)
BTU British thermal unit
BTX botulinum toxin
BUN blood urea nitrogen
BUS Bartholin glands, urethra, Skene glands
BVMS Bachelor of
Veterinary Medicine and
Surgery
Bx biopsy
c calorie (small); capillary
(blood); centi
C calorie (large); carbon;
Celsius; centigrade; clearance (rate, renal) C; compliance; concentration; cylindric(lens); cytidine
c [L.] cum, with
C&S culture and sensitivity
C.C. chief complaint
c/o complains of
ca. [L.] circa, about, approximately
c-a cardioarterial
Ca calcium; cathodal; cathode
CA cancer; carcinoma; cardiac arrest; chronologic
age; contrast angiography;
croup associated (virus);
cytosine arabinoside
CABG coronary artery bypass
graft
CAD coronary artery disease
cal calorie (small)
Cal calorie (large)
CAM complementary and
alternative medicine
cAMP cyclic adenosine
monophosphate
CAO conscious, alert, oriented
cap capsule
CAP catabolite (gene) activator protein; communityacquired pneumonia
CAPD continuous ambulatory
peritoneal dialysis
CAT computerized axial
tomography (obsolete)
CBC complete blood (cell)
count
CBG corticosteroid binding
globulin
CBT cognitive-behavioral
therapy
Cbz carbobenzoxy (chloride)
m cc, c.c. cubic centimeter
CCK cholecystokinin
CCNU chloroethylcyclohexylnitrosourea (lomustine)
CCU coronary care unit; critical care unit
cd candela
Cd cadmium
CD compact disc
CDA Certified Dental
Assistant
CDC (U.S) Centers for
Disease Control and
Prevention
cDNA complementary DNA
CDP cytidine 5´ diphosphate
Ce cerium
CEA carcinoembryonic antigen; carotid endarterectomy
CELO chicken embryo lethal
orphan (virus)
CEP congenital erythropoietic
porphyria
CEU continuing education
unit
Cf californium
CF complement fixation; cystic fibrosis; coupling factor
CG chorionic gonadotropin
CGA catabolite gene activator
cGMP cyclic guanosine
monophosphate
cgs, CGS centimeter-gramsecond (system, unit)
Ch1 Christchurch (chromosome)
ChB Bachelor of Surgery
(Chirurgiae Baccalaureus)
ChD, Chir Doct Doctor of
Surgery (Chirurgiae
Doctor)
CHF congestive heart failure
ChM Master of Surgery
(Chirurgiae Magister)
CHO carbohydrate
Ci curie
CI color index; Colour Index;
confidence interval
CIE counterimmunoelectrophoresis
CIN cervical intraepithelial
neoplasia
CIQ cognitive laterality quotient
CIU chronic idiopathic
urticaria
CJD Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
CK creatine kinase
CK-MB creatine kinase MB
isoenzyme
Cl chlorine
CL cardiolipin
CLA(ASCP) Clinical
Laboratory Assistant
(American Society of
Clinical Pathologists)
CLIA Clinical Laboratory
Improvement Amendments
CLL chronic lymphocytic
leukemia
cm centimeter
cM centimorgan
Cm curium
CMA Certified Medical
Assistant
CMC carpometacarpal
CME continuing medical
education
CMI cell mediated immunity
CML chronic myelogenous
leukemia
CMO Chief Medical Officer
CMP cytidine 5´ phosphate
(or any cytidine monophosphate)
CMT Certified Medical
Transcriptionist
CMV controlled mechanical
ventilation; cytomegalovirus
CNM Certified NurseMidwife
CNP Community Nurse
Practitioner
CNS central nervous system
Co cobalt
CoA coenzyme A
COG center of gravity
conA concanavalin A
APP 15
COPD chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease
COS Chief of Staff
CP cerebral palsy;
costophrenic
CPAP continuous (or constant) positive airway pressure
CPD cephalopelvic disproportion
CPK creatine phosphokinase
CPM continuous passive
motility
CPPB continuous (or constant) positive pressure
breathing
CPPV continuous positive
pressure ventilation
CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation
cps cycles per second
CPT Current Procedural
Terminology
Cr chromium; creatinine
CR Chief Resident; conditioned reflex; crown rump
(length)
CRD chronic respiratory disease
CRH corticotropin releasing
hormone
CRL crown rump length
CRNA Certified Registered
Nurse Anesthetist
CRNP Certified Registered
Nurse Practitioner
CRP cross reacting protein
CRST calcinosis cutis,
Raynaud phenomenon,
sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia (syndrome)
CRT Certified Respiratory
Therapist
Cs cesium
CS cesarean section; Chief of
Staff
CSD catscratch disease
CSF cerebrospinal fluid;
colony-stimulating factor
CT computed tomography
CTP cytidine 5´ triphosphate
CTR cardiothoracic ratio
Cu [L.] cuprum, copper
CV cardiovascular
CVA cerebral vascular
(cerebrovascular) accident,
costovertebral angle
CVP central venous pressure
CVS cardiovascular system;
chorionic villus sampling
CXR chest x-ray
Cyd cytidine
m ) appears opposite abbreviations prohibited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO).
The forbidden symbol (m
An explanation of each prohibition is given in the usage notes of the A to Z entries for the relevant abbreviations.
APP06 common medical abbreviations.qxd
APP 16
cyl cylinder; cylindric (lens)
CYP cytochrome P-450
(enzyme)
Cys cysteine
Cyt cytosine
∆ delta; change; heat
δ delta; heavy chain class corresponding to IgD
D & C dilatation and curettage
D & E dilatation and evacuation
D Dalton, dead (space gas)
(SUBSCRIPT); deciduous;
deuterium; diffusing
(capacity); dihydrouridine
(in nucleic acids); diopter;
[L.] dexter, right (opposite
of left); vitamin D potency
of cod liver oil
d deci-; day
d deuterium
d dextrorotatory
D- prefix indicating that a
molecule is sterically analogous to D glyceraldehyde
da deca
dA deoxyadenosine
Da dalton
DA developmental age
dAdo deoxyadenosine
dAMP deoxyadenylic acid
DANS 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene 5 sulfonic acid
db decibel
dB decibel
DC Dental Corps; Doctor of
Chiropractic; direct current
m D/C discharge; discontinue
DCG dacryocystography
DCh Doctor of Surgery
(Doctor Chirurgiae)
DCI dichloroisoproterenol
dCMP deoxycytidylic acid
DDS Doctor of Dental
Surgery
DDT dichlorodiphenyl
trichloroethane (chlorophenothane)
def decayed, extracted, or
filled (deciduous teeth)
DEF decayed, extracted, or
filled (permanent teeth)
DES diethylstilbestrol
DET diethyltryptamine
DEV duck embryo vaccine;
duck embryo virus
DEXA dual energy x-ray
absorptiometry
df decayed and filled (deciduous teeth)
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COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS
DF decayed and filled (permanent teeth)
Df deficiency (absence or
inactivation of a gene)
dGMP deoxyguanosine
monophosphate
(deoxyguanylic acid)
DH Dental Hygienist
DHEA dehydro-3-epiandrosterone
DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation
DIF direct immunofluorescence
DIP desquamative interstitial
pneumonia; distal interphalangeal (joint)
DJD degenerative joint disease
dk deca-, dekaDKA diabetic ketoacidosis
dL deciliter
dM decimorgan
DM diabetes mellitus
DMARD disease-modifying
antirheumatic drug
DMD Doctor of Dental
Medicine; Duchenne muscular dystrophy
DME Director of Medical
Education
dmf decayed, missing, or
filled (deciduous teeth)
DMF decayed, missing, or
filled (permanent teeth)
DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
DMT N,N dimethyltryptamine
DMV Doctor of Veterinary
Medicine
DN dibucaine number
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
DNB Diplomate of the
National Board (of Medical
Examiners)
DNE Director of Nursing
Education; Doctor of
Nursing Education
DNP deoxyribonucleoprotein;
2,4 dinitrophenol
DNR do not resuscitate
DNS Director of Nursing
Service(s)
DO Doctor of Osteopathy
DOA dead on arrival
DOB date of birth
DOC deoxycholic acid;
deoxycorticosterone
DOE dyspnea on exertion
DOM 2,5-dimethoxy-4methylamphetamine
DON Director of Nursing
DOT directly observed therapy
DP Doctor of Pharmacy;
Doctor of Podiatry
Dp duplication of a gene or
chromosomal segment
2,3 DPG 2,3 diphosphoglycerate
DPH Doctor of Public Health;
Doctor of Public Hygiene
DPharm Doctor of Pharmacy
DPI dry powder inhaler
DPM Doctor of Physical
Medicine; Doctor of
Podiatric Medicine
DPN diphosphopyridine
nucleotide
DPT dipropyltryptamine;
diphtheria, pertussis, and
tetanus (vaccines)
dr dram
DR degeneration reaction,
reaction of degeneration
Dr Med Doctor of Medicine
DRE digital rectal examination
DRG diagnosis-related group
DrPH Doctor of Public
Health; Doctor of Public
Hygiene
DRVVT dilute Russell viper
venom test
D-S Doerfler Stewart (test)
DSA digital subtraction
angiography
DSc Doctor of Science
DSD dry sterile dressing
dsDNA double-stranded DNA
DSM Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders of the
American Psychiatric
Association
dT deoxythymidine
DT delirium tremens; duration of tetany
dTDP deoxythymidine 5
diphosphate
dThd thymidine
DTIC dimethyltrizenoimidazole carboxamide (dacarbazine)
dTMP deoxythymidylic acid
DTP diphtheria and tetanus
toxoids and pertussis vaccine; distal tingling on percussion (Tinel sign)
DTPA diethylenetriamine
pentaacetic acid
DTR deep tendon reflex
dTTP deoxythymidine 5´
triphosphate
DVM Doctor of Veterinary
Medicine
DVT deep vein thrombosis
Dx diagnosis
Dy dysprosium
ε epsilon; molar absorption
coefficient; heavy chain
class corresponding to IgE
E exa ; extraction (ratio)
EB Epstein Barr (virus)
EBV Epstein Barr virus
ECF extended care facility;
extracellular fluid
ECF-A eosinophilic chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis
ECG electrocardiogram
ECHO enterocytopathogenic
human orphan (virus)
ECM erythema chronicum
migrans
ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
ECS electrocerebral silence
ECT electroconvulsive therR apy
ED eating disorder; effective
dose; emergency department; erectile dysfunction
EDC expected date of confinement
recipe, (the first word on a
prescription), take; prescription; treatment
EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edathamil,
edetic acid)
EEG electroencephalogram
EENT eye, ear, nose, and
throat
EIA enzyme immunoassay
EKG [German]
Elektrokardiogramme, electrocardiogram
EKY electrokymogram
ELISA enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay
EMC encephalomyocarditis
(virus)
EMF electromotive force
EMG electromyogram; exomphalos, macroglossia, and
gigantism (syndrome)
EMS eosinophilia-myalgia
syndrome
EMT Emergency Medical
Technician
ENG electronystagmography
ENT ear, nose, and throat
EOG electrooculography
EOM extraocular muscle(s)
EPAP expiratory positive airway pressure
m ) appears opposite abbreviations prohibited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO).
The forbidden symbol (m
An explanation of each prohibition is given in the usage notes of the A to Z entries for the relevant abbreviations.
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Page APP 17
COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS
EPO erythropoietin
ER endoplasmic reticulum;
emergency room
Er erbium
ERBF effective renal blood
flow
ERCP endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography
ERG electroretinogram
ERPF effective renal plasma
flow
ERT estrogen replacement
therapy
ERV expiratory reserve volume
Es einsteinium
ESEP extreme somatosensory
evoked potential
ESP extrasensory perception
ESR electron spin resonance;
erythrocyte sedimentation
rate
ESRD end stage renal disease
ESWL extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
EtOH ethyl alcohol
Eu europium
ev electron volt
eV electron volt
F Fahrenheit; faraday (constant); fertility (factor);
field (of vision); fluorine;
force; fractional (concentration); free (energy)
f femto-; (respiratory) frequency
F1 first filial generation
F1.2 (prothrombin) fragment
1.2
FAAN Fellow of the
American Academy of
Nursing
FAAP Fellow of the
American Academy of
Pediatrics
Fab fragment of antibody
molecule involved in antigen binding
FACA Fellow of the
American College of
Anesthesiology
FACAL Fellow of the
American College of
Allergy
FACC Fellow of the
American College of
Cardiologists
FACD Fellow of the
American College of
Dentists
FACFP Fellow of the
American College of
Family Physicians
FACO Fellow of the
American College of
Otolaryngology
FACOG Fellow of the
American College of
Obstetricians and
Gynecologists
FACOS Fellow of the
American College of
Orthopaedic Surgeons
FACP Fellow of the
American College of
Physicians
FACR Fellow of the
American College of
Radiology
FACS Fellow of the
American College of
Surgeons
FAD flavin(e) adenine dinucleotide; familial Alzheimer
disease
FAMA Fellow of the
American Medical
Association
FANA fluorescent antinuclear
antibody (test)
FAP familial adenomatous
polyposis
FB foreign body
FBS fasting blood sugar
Fc constant fragment of an
antibody molecule
FDA (U.S.) Food and Drug
Administration
Fe [L.] ferrum, iron
FEF forced expiratory flow
FET forced expiratory time
FEV forced expiratory volume
FF filtration fraction
FFD focus film distance
FHR fetal heart rate
FHT fetal heart tones
FIA fluorescent immunoassay
FIGLU formiminoglutamic
(acid)
FISH fluorescent in situ
hybridization
Fm fermium
FMN flavin(e) mononucleotide
FNA fine-needle aspiration
fps, FPS foot pound second
(system, unit)
Fr francium; French (gauge,
scale)
FRC functional residual
capacity (of lungs)
French (catheter gauge)
FRF follicle stimulating hormone releasing factor
FRS first rank symptom
Fru fructose
FSH follicle stimulating hormone
FSH-RF follicle stimulating
hormone releasing factor
FSH-RH follicle stimulating
hormone releasing hormone
FTA-ABS fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (test)
FU fluorouracil
F/U follow-up
FUO fever of unknown origin
FVC forced vital capacity
Fw F wave (fibrillary wave,
flutter wave)
Fx fracture
γ gamma; Ostwald solubility
coefficient; the third in a
series; heavy chain class
corresponding to IgG
G 1 gap 1
G 2 gap 2
G giga ; glucose; gravitation
(newtonian constant of);
guanosine (or guanylic
acid) residues in polynucleotides; gravida (obstetric
history)
g gram
G6P glucose 6 phosphate
Ga gallium
GABA γ-aminobutyric acid
GABHS group-A β-hemolytic
Streptococcus
Gal galactose
GC gonococcus, gonorrhea
GCS Glasgow coma scale
Gd gadolinium
GDP mannose 1 phosphate
guanylyltransferase
Ge germanium
GERD gastroesophageal
reflux disease
GFR glomerular filtration rate
GGT γ-glutamyl transferase
GH glenohumeral; growth
hormone
GHB γ-hydroxybutyrate
GHRF growth hormone
releasing factor
GH-RF growth hormone
releasing factor
GHRH growth hormone
releasing hormone
GH-RH growth hormone
releasing hormone
GI gastrointestinal; Gingival
Index
GIP gastric inhibitory
polypeptide
GLC gas liquid chromatography
Gln glutamine; glutaminyl
APP 17
Glu glutamic acid; glutamyl
Gly glycine; glycyl
GMO General Medical
Officer
GMP guanosine monophosphate (guanylic acid)
GMS Gomori (or Grocott)
methenamine silver (stain)
GN Graduate Nurse
GnRH gonadotropin releasing
hormone
GOT glutamic oxaloacetic
transaminase (aspartate
aminotransferase)
GPI Gingival Periodontal
Index
GPT glutamic pyruvic
transaminase (alanine
aminotransferase)
gr grain
GSH reduced glutathione
GSR galvanic skin response
GSSG oxidized glutathione
GSW gunshot wound
gt. [L.] gutta, a drop
GTP guanosine 5´ triphosphate
gtt. [L.] guttae, drops
GTT glucose tolerance test
GU genitourinary
Guo guanosine
GVHD graft versus host disease
Gy gray (unit of absorbed
dose of ionizing radiation)
GYN gynecology
h hecto
1H hydrogen-1 (protium, light
hydrogen)
2H hydrogen-2 (deuterium,
heavy hydrogen)
3H hydrogen-3 (tritium,
radioactive hydrogen)
H henry; hydrogen; hyperopia; hyperopic
h Planck constant
H & E hematoxylin and eosin
H & H hematocrit and hemoglobin
H+ hydrogen ion
Ha hahnium
HA hyaluronic acid; hemagglutinin
HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy
HAV hepatitis A virus
Hb hemoglobin
HbA adult hemoglobin
HbA1 major component of
adult hemoglobin
HbA2 minor fraction of adult
hemoglobin
m ) appears opposite abbreviations prohibited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO).
The forbidden symbol (m
An explanation of each prohibition is given in the usage notes of the A to Z entries for the relevant abbreviations.
APP06 common medical abbreviations.qxd
APP 18
HbAS heterozygosity for
hemoglobin A and hemoglobin S (sickle cell trait)
HBcAg Hepatitis B core antigen
HbCO carboxyhemoglobin
HBe Hepatitis B early antigen
HBeAb Hepatitis B early antibody
HbeAg Hepatitis B early antigen
HbF fetal hemoglobin
Hbg hemoglobin
HBIG hepatitis B immune
globulin
HBO hyperbaric oxygen
HbO2 oxyhemoglobin, oxygenated hemoglobin
HbS sickle cell hemoglobin
HBsAb hepatitis B surface
antibody
HBsAg hepatitis B surface
antigen
HBV hepatitis B virus
HCFA Health Care Financing
Administration
HCG human chorionic
gonadotropin
HCl hydrochloric acid;
hydrochloride
HCS human chorionic
somatomammotropin
(human placental lactogen)
Hct hematocrit
HCV Hepatitis C virus
h. d. [L.] hora decubitus, at
bedtime
HDL high-density lipoprotein
HDRV human diploid (cell
strain) rabies vaccine
He helium
HEMPAS hereditary erythroblastic multinuclearity
associated with positive
acidified serum
Hf hafnium
HFJV high frequency jet ventilation
HFOV high frequency oscillatory ventilation
HFPPV high frequency positive pressure ventilation
HFV high frequency ventilation
Hg [L.] hydrargyrum, mercury
Hgb hemoglobin
HGE human granulocytic
ehrlichiosis
HGH human (pituitary)
growth hormone
HGSIL high-grade squamous
intraepithelial lesion
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Page APP 18
COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS
HI hemagglutination inhibition (test, titer)
5-HIAA 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
HIDA hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (scan)
HIPAA Health Insurance
Portability and
Accountability Act
His histidine
-His histidino
His- histidyl
HIV human immunodeficiency
virus
Hl hyperopia, latent
HLA human lymphocyte antigen, human leukocyte antigen
Hm hyperopia, manifest
(hypermetropia)
HME human monocytic ehrlichiosis
HMG CoA 3 hydroxy 3
methylglutaryl coenzyme A
HMG human menopausal
gonadotropin
HMO Health Maintenance
Organization
HMWK high molecular
weight kininogen (Fletcher
factor)
Ho holmium
h/o history of
HPF high power field
HPI history of present illness
HPL human placental lactogen
HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
HPV human papillomavirus
HRCT high-resolution computed tomography
m h. s., HS [L.] hora somni,
at bedtime
HSV herpes simplex virus
5-HT 5-hydroxytryptamine
(serotonin)
Ht hyperopia, total
HTLV human T cell lymphocytotrophic virus; human T
cell lymphoma/leukemia
virus
HTN hypertension
HVL half value layer
Hx (medical) history
Hyp hydroxyproline
Hz hertz
125I iodine 125
131I iodine 131
123I iodine 123 (radioisotope)
I inspired (gas) (SUBSCRIPT); iodine
I & D incision and drainage
I & O (fluid) intake and output
IADLs instrumental activities
of daily living
IAP intermittent acute porphyria
IBD inflammatory bowel disease
IBS irritable bowel syndrome
IBW ideal body weight
ICA internal carotid artery
ICD International
Classification of Diseases
of the World Health
Organization; implantable
cardioverter-defibrillator
ICDA International
Classification of Diseases,
Adapted for Use in the
United States
ICF intracellular fluid
ICP intracranial pressure
ICSH interstitial cell stimulating hormone
ICU intensive care unit
ID infective dose
IDU idoxuridine; injecting/
injection drug user
IF initiation factor; intrinsic
factor
IFN interferon
Ig immunoglobulin
IGF insulinlike growth factor
IL interleukin
ILA insulinlike activity
Ile isoleucine
IM internal medicine; intramuscular(ly); infectious
mononucleosis
IMP inosine monophosphate
(inosinic acid)
IMS Indian Medical Service
IMV intermittent mandatory
ventilation
In indium
IND investigational new drug
Ino inosine
INR international normalized
ratio
IOML infraorbitomeatal line
IP interphalangeal; intraperitoneal(ly)
IPAP inspiratory positive airway pressure
IPPB intermittent positive
pressure breathing
IPPV intermittent positive
pressure ventilation
IPV inactivated poliovirus
vaccine
IQ intelligence quotient
Ir iridium
IRB institutional review
board
IRV inspiratory reserve volume
ISI International Sensitivity
Index
ITP idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; inosine 5´
triphosphate
IU International Unit
IUCD intrauterine contraceptive device
IUD intrauterine device
IV intravenous, intravenously;
intraventricular
IVDA intravenous drug
abuse(r)
IVF in vitro fertilization
IVP intravenous pyelogram
J flux (density)
J joule
JMS Junior Medical Student
JVD jugular venous distention
K [Mod. L.] kalium, potassium; kelvin
k kilo
kat katal
kb kilobase
kc kilocycle
kcal kilocalorie
KCT kaolin clotting time
kDa kilodalton
kg kilogram
KJ knee jerk
KM Michaelis constant
KOH potassium hydroxide
KP keratic precipitate
Kr krypton
17-KS 17-ketosteroid
KS Kaposi sarcoma
KUB kidneys, ureters, bladder
kv kilovolt
kVp kilovolt peak
KW Kimmelstiel Wilson (disease); Keith Wagener (retinal changes)
l liter (use of CAPITAL letter
preferred)
L inductance; left; [L.] limes,
boundary, limit; liter
L- prefix indicating that a
molecule is sterically analogous to L-glyceraldehyde
L:S R lecithin:sphingomyelin
ratio
La lanthanum
LA lupus anticoagulant
LAD left anterior descending
(coronary artery)
LAO left anterior oblique
(coronary artery)
LAP leucine aminopeptidase
m ) appears opposite abbreviations prohibited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO).
The forbidden symbol (m
An explanation of each prohibition is given in the usage notes of the A to Z entries for the relevant abbreviations.
APP06 common medical abbreviations.qxd
8/13/05
12:55 PM
Page APP 19
COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS
LATS long acting thyroid
stimulator
LBT lupus band test
LBW low birth weight
LC lethal concentration
LCA left coronary artery
LCAT lecithin cholesterol
acyltransferase
LCM left costal margin; lymphocytic choriomeningitis
(virus)
LD lethal dose
LDH lactate dehydrogenase
LDL low-density lipoprotein
LE left eye; lupus erythematosus
LEEP loop electrosurgical
excision procedure
LES lower esophageal
sphincter
LETS large external transformation sensitive
(fibronectin)
Leu leucine
LFA left frontoanterior (fetal
position)
LFP left frontoposterior (fetal
position)
LFT left frontotransverse
(fetal position); liver function test
LGSIL low grade squamous
intraepithelial lesion
LGV lymphogranuloma
venereum
LH luteinizing hormone
LH/FSH-RF luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating
hormone releasing factor
LH-RF luteinizing hormone
releasing factor
LH-RH luteinizing hormone
releasing hormone
Li lithium
LLQ left lower quadrant
LM Licentiate in Midwifery
LMA left mentoanterior (fetal
position)
LMP last menstrual period;
left mentoposterior (fetal
position)
LMT left mentotransverse
(fetal position)
LNPF lymph node permeability factor
LOA left occipitoanterior
(fetal position)
LOC level of consciousness;
loss of consciousness
LOP left occipitoposterior
(fetal position)
LOT left occipitotransverse
(fetal position)
LP lumbar puncture
LPF low power field
LPH lipotropic pituitary hormone (lipotropin)
LPN Licensed Practical Nurse
Lr lawrencium
LRCP Licentiate of the Royal
College of Physicians
LRCS Licentiate of the Royal
College of Surgeons
LRH luteinizing hormone
releasing hormone
LSA left sacroanterior (fetal
position)
LSD lysergic acid diethylamide
LSP left sacroposterior (fetal
position)
LST left sacrotransverse (fetal
position)
LTH luteotropic hormone
LTM long-term memory
LTR long terminal repeat
Lu lutetium
LUQ left upper quadrant
LV left ventricle
LVEF left ventricular ejection
fraction
LVET left ventricular ejection time
LVH left ventricular hypertrophy
LVN Licensed Visiting
Nurse; Licensed Vocational
Nurse
Lw (former symbol for)
lawrencium (now Lr)
Lys lysine (or its radicals in
peptides)
m µ mu; micro ; heavy chain
class corresponding to IgM
m µCi microcurie
m µg microgram
m µl, µL microliter
m µm micrometer
m µµ micromicro
M + Am compound myopic
astigmatism
m mass; meter; milliminim;
molar
m- meta
M mega , meg ; molar; moles
(per liter); morgan; myopic;
myopia
M molar; moles (per liter)
m moles (per liter)
mA milliampere
MA Master of Arts (Magister
Artium); Medical Assistant;
mental age
MAA macroaggregated albumin
MAb monoclonal antibody
MAC Mycobacterium avium
complex
MAI Mycobacterium aviumintracellulare
MAO monoamine oxidase
MAOI monoamine oxidase
inhibitor
MAP morning after pill
mA-S milliampere second
MAST military antishock
trousers
Mb myoglobin
MBC maximum breathing
capacity
MbCO carbon monoxided
myoglobin
MbO2 oxymyoglobin
MC Medical Corps
MCH mean corpuscular
hemoglobin
MCHC mean corpuscular
hemoglobin concentratio
mCi millicurie
MCL midclavicular line
mcm millimicron
MCP metacarpophalangeal
MCV mean corpuscular volume
MD Doctor of Medicine
(Medicinae Doctor)
MD [L.] Medicinae Doctor,
Doctor of Medicine
Md mendelevium
MDF myocardial depressant
factor
MDI metered dose inhaler
MDR multidrug-resistant
ME Medical Examiner
Me methyl
Med Tech Medical
Technician; Medical
Technologist
MEDLARS Medical
Literature Analysis and
Retrieval System
MEP maximal expiratory
pressure
meq, mEq milliequivalent
MeSH Medical Subject
Headings
Met methionine
MET metabolic equivalent of
task
metHb methemoglobin
metMb metmyoglobin
MEV million electron volts
(106 ev)
mg milligram
Mg magnesium
MHC major histocompatibility
complex
mho siemens unit
MHz megahertz
APP 19
MI mitral insufficiency;
myocardial infarction
MID minimal infecting dose
MIP maximum inspiratory
pressure
MK menaquinone (vitamin
K2)
mks, MKS meter kilogram
second (system, unit)
ml, mL milliliter
MLC mixed lymphocyte culture (test)
MLD minimal lethal dose
mm millimeter
mmHg millimeters of mercury (torr)
mmol millimole
MMPI Minnesota
Multiphasic Personality
Inventory (test)
MMR measles-mumps-rubella (vaccine)
MMSE Mini-Mental State
Examination
Mn manganese
Mo molybdenum
MO Medical Officer; mineral
oil
MOC Medical Officer on
Call
MOD Medical Officer of the
Day
mol mole
mol wt molecular weight
MOM Milk of Magnesia
MOPP Mustargen
(mechlorethamine hydrocholoride), Oncovin (vincristine sulfate), procarbazine hydrochloride, and
prednisone
MPD maximal permissible
dose
MPH Master of Public Health
MPS mononuclear phagocyte
system
MR milk ring (test); mitral
regurgitation
Mr molecular (weight) ratio
MRA magnetic resonance
augiography
MRCP Member of the Royal
College of Physicians
MRCS Member of the Royal
College of Surgeons
mrd, MRD minimal reacting
dose
MRI magnetic resonance
imaging
mRNA messenger RNA
MRSA methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
MS Master of Science
m ) appears opposite abbreviations prohibited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO).
The forbidden symbol (m
An explanation of each prohibition is given in the usage notes of the A to Z entries for the relevant abbreviations.
APP06 common medical abbreviations.qxd
APP 20
MS I, II, III, IV medical
student: first, second, third,
and fourth year
m MS multiple sclerosis;
magnesium sulfate; morphine sulfate
msec millisecond
m/sec meters per second
MSG monosodium glutamate
MSH melanocyte stimulating
hormone
MSM men who have sex with
men
MSN Master of Science in
Nursing
MT Medical Technologist;
Medical Transcriptionist;
Monitor Technician
mtDNA mitochondrial DNA
MTP metatarsophalangeal
(joint)
Mu Mache unit
MUGA multiple gated acquisition (imaging)
mV millivolt
Mv mendelevium
MVA motor vehicle accident
MVE Murray Valley
encephalitis (virus)
MVV maximal voluntary ventilation
MW molecular weight
My myopia
ν nu; kinematic viscosity
n index of refraction; nano
N newton; nitrogen; normal
(concentration)
N normal (SMALL caps)
Na [Modern L.] natrium,
sodium
NA Nomina Anatomica
NAD nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide; no apparent
(or acute) distress
NAD+ nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide (oxidized form)
NADH nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide (reduced form)
NADP nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide phosphate
NADP+ nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide phosphate
(oxidized form)
NADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
(reduced form)
NAME nevi, atrial myxoma,
myxoid neurofibromas, and
ephelides (syndrome)
NANDA North American
Nursing Diagnosis
Association
Nb niobium
8/13/05
12:55 PM
Page APP 20
COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS
NCV nerve conduction velocity
Nd neodymium
Nd:YAG neodymium:yttriumaluminum-garnet [laser]
NDA New Drug Application
Ne neon
NE norepinephrine; not examined
NEEP negative end expiratory
pressure
NF National Formulary
ng nanogram
NGF nerve growth factor
(antigen)
Ni nickel
NIH National Institutes of
Health
NK natural killer (cell)
NKA no known allergies
NLM National Library of
Medicine
nm nanometer
NMN nicotinamide mononucleotide
No nobelium
NP Nurse Practitioner
Np neptunium
NPO [L.] nihil per os, nothing by mouth
NREM nonrapid eye movement (sleep)
nRNA nuclear RNA
NS normal saline
NSAID nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug
NSR normal sinus rhythm
NUG necrotizing ulcerative
gingivitis
Ω omega; ohm
o- ortho
O [L.] oculus, eye; opening
(in formulas for electrical
reactions); oxygen
O & P ova and parasites
OAV oculoauriculovertebral
(dysplasia, syndrome)
OB obstetrics
OB/GYN obstetrics (and)
gynecology
OBS organic brain syndrome
OC oral contraceptive
OCD obsessive compulsive
disorder
OD Doctor of Optometry;
Officer of the Day; overdose
m OD [L.] oculus dexter,
right eye
ODD oculodentodigital (dysplasia, syndrome)
Oe oersted (centimeter gram
second unit of magnetic
field strength)
OFD orofaciodigital (dysostosis, syndrome)
OKT Ortho-Kung T (cell)
OML orbitomeatal line
OMM ophthalmomandibulomelic (dysplasia, syndrome)
OMS organic mental syndrome
OP osmotic pressure; outpatient
OPV oral poliovirus vaccine
OR operating room
ORD optical rotatory dispersion
ORIF open reduction and
internal fixation
Orn ornithine (or its radical)
Oro orotate; orotic acid
Os osmium
m OS [L.] oculus sinister, left
eye
OSA obstructive sleep apnea
OSHA Occupational Safety
and Health Administration
OT occupational therapy;
Koch old tuberculin
OTC over the counter (nonprescription) drug
m OU [L.] oculus uterque,
each eye (both eyes)
OXT oxytocin
oz ounce
p pico; pupil
p- para
P partial (pressure); peta ;
phosphorus, phosphoric
(residue); plasma (concentration); pressure; para
(obstetric history)
32P phosphorus-32
P1 first parental generation
PA Physician Assistant; posteroanterior
Pa pascal; protactinium
PA Physician’s Assistant;
posteroanterior; pulmonary
artery
PABA para-aminobenzoic
acid
PAF platelet-aggregating (or
platelet-activating) factor
PAH paraaminohippuric
(acid)
PAo2 partial pressure of arterial oxygen
PAS para aminosalicylic
(acid), periodic acid Schiff
(reagent)
PASA para aminosalicylic
acid
PAT paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
Pb [L.] plumbum, lead
PBG porphobilinogen
p.c. [L.] post cibum, after a
meal
PCB polychlorinated biphenyl
Pco2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide
PCP phencyclidine; plasma
cell pneumonia
(Pneumocystic carinii pneumonia), primary care
provider
PCR polymerase chain reaction
PCT percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
PCWP pulmonary capillary
wedge pressure
Pd palladium
PD prism diopter
PDA patent ductus arteriosus;
posterior descending artery
PDGF platelet derived growth
factor
PDLL poorly differentiated
lymphocytic lymphoma
PDR Physicians’ Desk
Reference
PEEP positive end expiratory
pressure
PEG polyethylene glycol
PET positron emission
tomography
PF4 platelet factor 4
PFT pulmonary function test
pg picogram
PG prostaglandin
PGA prostaglandin A
PGB prostaglandin B
PGE prostaglandin E
PGF prostaglandin F
pH hydrogen ion concentration; p (power) of [H+]10
Ph phenyl
Ph1 Philadelphia (chromosome)
PHA phytohemagglutinin
(antigen)
Pharm D Doctor of
Pharmacy (Pharmaciae
Doctor)
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
(Philosophiae Doctor)
PhD [L.] Philosophiae
Doctor, Doctor of
Philosophy
Phe phenylalanine (or its radical)
PhG [L.] Pharmacopoeia
Germanica, German
Pharmacopeia
PhG Graduate in Pharmacy
PHN Public Health Nurse;
postherpetic neuralgia
m ) appears opposite abbreviations prohibited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO).
The forbidden symbol (m
An explanation of each prohibition is given in the usage notes of the A to Z entries for the relevant abbreviations.
APP06 common medical abbreviations.qxd
8/13/05
12:55 PM
Page APP 21
COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS
PICC peripherally inserted
central catheter
PID pelvic inflammatory disease
PIF prolactin inhibiting factor
PIP proximal interphalangeal
(joint)
pK negative logarithm of the
ionization constant (Ka) of
an acid
PK pyruvate kinase
PKU phenylketonuria
pm picometer
Pm promethium
PM post mortem
PMI point of maximum intensity
PMN polymorphonuclear
(leukocyte)
PMS premenstrual syndrome
PN Practical Nurse
PND paroxysmal nocturnal
dyspnea; postnasal drip
PNP platelet neutralization
procedure
PNPB positive negative pressure breathing
PNS peripheral nervous system
Po polonium
PO [L.] per os, by mouth
PO2, Po2 partial pressure of
oxygen
POEMS polyneuropathy,
organomegaly,
endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein, and skin changes
(syndrome)
POMP prednisone, Oncovin
(vincristine sulfate),
methotrexate, and
Purinethol (6-mercaptopurine)
POR problem-oriented (medical) record
PP pyrophosphate
PPCA proserum prothrombin
conversion accelerator
PPD purified protein derivative (of tuberculin)
PPLO pleuropneumonia like
organism
ppm parts per million
PPO 2,5-diphenyloxazole
PPPPP pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis
PPPPPP pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, prostration
PPV positive pressure ventilation
Pr praseodymium; presbyopia
PR per rectum
PRA plasma renin activity
PRF prolactin releasing factor
PRL prolactin
p.r.n. PRN, [L.] pro re nata,
as needed
Pro proline (or its radicals)
PROM passive range of
motion; premature rupture
of membranes
psi pounds per square inch
PSV pressure-supported ventilation
PT physical therapy; prothrombin time
Pt platinum
PTA plasma thromboplastin
antecedent; phosphotungstic acid; prior to
admission
PTAH phosphotungstic acid
hematoxylin
PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
PTH parathyroid hormone
PTT partial thromboplastin
time
PTU prophylthiouracil
Pu plutonium
PUO pyrexia of unknown origin
PUPPP pruritic urticarial
papules and plaques of
pregnancy
PUVA (oral administration
of) psoralen (and subsequent exposure to) ultraviolet light of A wavelength
(UV A)
PVC polyvinyl chloride; premature ventricular contraction
PVL plasma viral load
PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
(povidone)
q [L.] quisque, every
Q coulomb; volume of blood
flow
Qco2 microliters CO2 given
off per milligram of dryweight of tissue per hour
m q.d. [L.] quaque die, every
day
q.i.d. [L.] quater in die, four
times a day
QNS quantity not sufficient
Qo oxygen consumption
Qo2 oxygen consumption
m q.o.d. every other day
q. s. [L.] quantum satis, as
much as is enough; [L.]
quantum sufficiat, as much
as may suffice; quantity
sufficient
r racemic; roentgen
R gas constant (8.315 joules);
(organic) radical; Réamur
(scale) ; [L.] recipe, take;
resistance determinant
(plasmid); resistance (electrical); resistance (unit) (in
the cardiovascular system);
resolution; respiration; respiratory (exchange ratio);
roentgen
Ra radium
RA rheumatoid arthritis
rad radian
RAD reactive airways disease
RAS reticular activating system
RAST radioallergosorbent
test
RAV Rous-associated virus
RAW resistance, airway
Rb rubidium
rbc red blood cell; red blood
(cell) count
RBC red blood cell; red blood
(cell) count
RBF renal blood flow
RCM right costal margin
RD reaction of degeneration;
reaction of denervation;
Registered Dietitian
RDA recommended daily
allowance
RDH Registered Dental
Hygienist
rDNA ribosomal DNA
RDS respiratory distress syndrome
RDW red (blood cell) diameter (or distribution) width
Re rhenium
RE right ear; right eye
rem roentgen equivalent, man
REM rapid eye movement
(sleep); reticular erythematous mucinosis
rep roentgen equivalent,
physical
RF release factor; rheumatoid
factor
RFA right frontoanterior
(fetal position)
RFLP restriction fragment
length polymorphism
RFP right frontoposterior
(fetal position)
RFT right frontotransverse
(fetal position)
Rh Rhesus (Rh blood group);
rhodium
RH releasing hormone
RIA radioimmunoassay
Rib ribose
RLL right lower lobe
APP 21
RLQ right lower quadrant
RMA right mentoanterior
(fetal position)
RML right middle lobe
RMP right mentoposterior
(fetal position)
RMT right mentotransverse
(fetal position)
Rn radon
RN Registered Nurse
RNA Registered Nurse
Anesthetist; ribonucleic
acid
RNase ribonuclease
RNC Registered Nurse,
Certified
RNP Registered Nurse
Practitioner
RNP ribonucleoprotein
R/O rule out
ROA right occipitoanterior
(fetal position)
ROM range of motion
ROP right occipitoposterior
(fetal position)
ROS review of systems
ROT right occipitotransverse
(fetal position)
RP retinitis pigmentosa
RP Registered Pharmacist
RPF renal plasma flow
RPh Registered Pharmacist
rpm revolutions per minute
RPR rapid plasma reagin
(test)
RQ respiratory quotient
rRNA ribosomal RNA
RR relative risk
RRR relative risk reduction
Rs resolution
RS respiratory syncytial
(virus)
RSA right sacroanterior (fetal
position)
RSD reflex sympathetic dystrophy
RSP right sacroposterior
(fetal position)
RST right sacrotransverse
(fetal position)
RSV Rous sarcoma virus; respiratory syncytial virus
RT Radiologic Technologist;
Registered Technologist;
Respiratory Therapist
RTE renal tubular epithelium
rTMP ribothymidylic acid
Ru ruthenium
RUL right upper lobe
RUQ right upper quadrant
RV residual volume; right
ventricle
m ) appears opposite abbreviations prohibited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO).
The forbidden symbol (m
An explanation of each prohibition is given in the usage notes of the A to Z entries for the relevant abbreviations.
APP06 common medical abbreviations.qxd
APP 22
RVEF right ventricular ejection fraction
RVH right ventricular hypertrophy
σ sigma; reflection coefficient; standard deviation; 1
millisecond (0.001 sec)
s [L.] semis, half; steady state
(SUBSCRIPT); [L.] sinister,
left
s sine, without
s/s signs and symptoms
S [L.] sinister, left; saturation
of hemoglobin (percentage
of) (followed by subscript
o2 or co2); siemens; spheric; spheric (lens); sulfur;
Svedberg (unit)
S1 first selfing generation
SA sinuatrial
S-A sinuatrial
SAD seasonal affective disorder
SaO2 oxygen saturation (of)
arterial (oxyhemoglobin)
SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome
Sb [L.] stibium, antimony
SBE subacute bacterial endocarditis
sc subcutaneous(ly)
Sc scandium
SC sternoclavicular; subcutaneous(ly)
ScD Doctor of Science
SCID severe combined
immunodeficiency
SD standard deviation;
streptodornase
SDA specific dynamic action
Se selenium
Ser serine
SERM selective estrogen
receptor modulator
Sf Svedberg flotation (constant, unit)
SGA small for gestational age
SGOT serum glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase
(aspartate aminotransferase)
SGPT serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (alanine
aminotransferase)
SH serum hepatitis
SI [French] Système
International d’Unités;
International System of
Units
Si silicon
SID source-to-image (-receptor) distance
8/13/05
12:55 PM
Page APP 22
COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS
SIDS sudden infant death
syndrome
sig. [L.] signa, affix a label,
inscribe
SIMV spontaneous intermittent mandatory ventilation;
synchronized intermittent
mandatory ventilation
SIRD source-to-image-receptor distance
SISI small increment (or short
increment) sensitivity index
(test)
SK streptokinase
SL sublingual(ly)
SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
SLR straight leg raising
Sm samarium
SMS Senior Medical Student
Sn [L.] stannum, tin
SN Student Nurse
SOAP subjective data, objective data, assessment, and
plan (problem oriented
medical record)
SOB short(ness) of breath
sol. solution
soln. solution
SP Speech Pathologist
S/P status post
sp. gr. specific gravity
sp. species
SPA single proton absorptiometry
SPCA serum prothrombin
conversion accelerator (factor VII)
SPECT single photon emission computed tomography
SPF sun protection (or protective) factor
sph spheric (lens)
spm suppression and mutation
spp. species (plural)
SQ subcutaneous
Sr strontium
SRF somatotropin releasing
factor
SRF-A slow reacting factor of
anaphylaxis
SRIF somatotropin-releaseinhibiting factor
sRNA soluble RNA
SRS slow-reacting substance
(of anaphylaxis)
SRS-A slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis
ssDNA single stranded DNA
ssp. subspecies
SSRI selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitor
ST scapulothoracic
stat; STAT [L.] statim,
immediately, at once
STD sexually transmitted disease
STEL short term exposure
limit
STH somatotropic hormone
STI sexually transmitted
infection
STM short-term memory
STPD standard temperature
(0º C) and pressure (760
mmHg absolute), dry
STS serologic test for syphilis
Sv sievert (unit)
SV sievert (unit)
SVT supraventricular tachycardia
Sz seizure
t metric ton
t temperature (Celsius); tritium
T temperature, absolute
(Kelvin); tension (intraocular); tera ; tesla; tetanus
(toxoid); tidal (volume)
(SUBSCRIPT); tocopherol;
transverse (tubule); tritium;
tumor (antigen)
T absolute temperature
(Kelvin)
T! decreased tension (pressure)
T+ increased tension (pressure)
T3 3,5,5´ triiodothyronine
T4 tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine)
T & A tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
T & C type and crossmatch
Ta tantalum
TA Terminologia Anatomica
tab tablet
TAC transient aplastic crisis
TAD transient acantholytic
dermatosis
TAF tumor angiogenesis factor
TAH total abdominal hysterectomy
TAR thrombocytopenia with
absent radii (syndrome)
TAT thematic apperception
test
Tb terbium
TB tuberculosis
TBG thyroid-binding globulin
TBP thyroxine-binding protein
TBV total blood volume
Tc technetium
99m
Tc technetium 99m
TCA tricarboxylic acid;
trichloracetic acid
TCN talocalcaneonavicular
(joint)
Td tetanus-diphtheria (toxoids, adult type)
TDP ribothymidine 5´ diphosphate
Te tellurium
TEDD total end-diastolic
diameter
TEN toxic epidermal necrolysis
TESD total end-systolic
diameter
TFCI transient focal cerebral
ischemia
Th thorium
THC tetrahydrocannabinol
Thr threonine (or its radicals)
Ti titanium
ti/ttot duty cycle
TIA transient ischemic attack
TIBC total iron-binding
capacity
t.i.d. [L.] ter in die, three
times a day
tinct. tincture
TITh 3,5,3´ triiodothyronine
m t.i.w. three times a week
TKO to keep (venous infusion line) open
Tl thallium
TLC thin layer chromatography; total lung capacity;
tender, loving care
TLV threshold-limit value
tm temperature midpoint
(Celsius)
Tm temperature midpoint
(Kelvin)
Tm thulium; tubular maximal
(excretory capacity of kidneys)
TM transport maximum
TMJ temporomandibular
joint
TMP ribothymidine 5´
monophosphate
TMT tarsometatarsal
TMV tobacco mosaic virus
Tn (ocular) tension; (intraocular) tension normal
TNF tumor necrosis factor
TNM tumor, node, metastasis
(tumor staging)
m ) appears opposite abbreviations prohibited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO).
The forbidden symbol (m
An explanation of each prohibition is given in the usage notes of the A to Z entries for the relevant abbreviations.
APP06 common medical abbreviations.qxd
8/13/05
12:55 PM
Page APP 23
COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS
TORCH toxoplasmosis,
other, rubella,
cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex (maternal
infections)
t-PA, TPA tissue plasminogen activator
TPHA Treponema pallidum
hemagglutination (test)
TPI Treponema pallidum
immobilization (test)
TPN total parenteral nutrition
TPR temperature, pulse, and
respirations
tr. tincture
TRH thyrotropin releasing
hormone (stimulation test)
TRIC trachoma inclusion
conjunctivitis (organism)
tRNA transfer RNA
Trp tryptophan (and its radicals)
TSH thyroid stimulating hormone
TSS toxic shock syndrome
TSTA tumor-specific transplantation antigen
TTP thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
TU toxic unit, toxin unit
TUR transurethral resection
TVUS transvaginal ultrasound
Tx treatment
Tyr tyrosine (and its radicals)
U uranium; uridine (in polymers); urinary (concentration)
m U unit
UA urinalysis
UDP uridine diphosphate
UDPG uridine diphosphate
glucose
UGIS upper gastrointestinal
series
UMP uridine monophosphate
(uridylic acid)
u-PA urokinase
UPJ ureteropelvic junction
Urd uridine
URI upper respiratory infection
US ultrasound
USAN United States Adopted
Names (Council)
USP United States
Pharmacopeia
USPHS United States Public
Health Service
UTI urinary tract infection
UTP uridine triphosphate
UV ultraviolet
UVB ultraviolet B
UVJ ureterovesical junction
v venous (blood); volt
V vanadium; vision; visual
(acuity); volt; volume (frequently with subscripts
denoting location, chemical
. species, and conditions)
V ventilation; gas flow (frequently with subscripts
indicating location and
chemical species); ventilation;
VA alveolar ventilation
. .
Va/Q ventilation/perfusion
ratio
V1CV6 unipolar precordial
electrocardiogram chest
leads
VA viral antigen
V-A ventriculoatrial
Val valine (and its radicals)
VATER vertebral defects,
imperforate anus, tracheoesophageal fistula with
esophageal atresia, and
radial and renal dysplasia
(complex)
VBAC vaginal birth after
cesarean
VC vision, color; vital capacity
VCE vagina, (ecto)cervix,
endocervical canal
VD (physiologic) dead space
VDRL Venereal Disease
Research Laboratory (test)
VHDL very high density
lipoprotein
VIP vasoactive intestinal
polypeptide
VLDL very low density
lipoprotein
VMA vanillylmandelic acid
(test)
Vmax maximal velocity
VN Visiting Nurse,
Vocational Nurse
VO vocal order
VP vasopressin
VR vocal resonance
VS vital signs; volumetric
solution
APP 23
VT tidal volume
VZIG varicella-zoster
immune globulin
W watt; [German] Wolfram,
tungsten
Wb weber
WBC white blood cell; white
blood (cell) count
WC Ward Clerk
WD well-developed
WDLL well-differentiated
lymphocytic (or lymphatic)
lymphoma
WEE western equine
encephalomyelitis
WHO World Health
Organization
WN well nourished
WNV West Nile virus
X xanthosine
Xao xanthosine
Xe xenon
133
Xe xenon 133
XU excretory urogram
Y yttrium
YAG yttrium-aluminum-garnet (laser)
Yb ytterbium
Z carbobenzoxy (chloride)
ZEEP zero end-expiratory
pressure
ZES Zollinger Ellison syndrome
Zn zinc
65
Zn zinc 65
Zr zirconium
ZSR zeta sedimentation ratio
m ) appears opposite abbreviations prohibited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO).
The forbidden symbol (m
An explanation of each prohibition is given in the usage notes of the A to Z entries for the relevant abbreviations.