Capillary-Viscometers
Contents
Page
Capillary viscometry
2
3 – 10
Ubbelohde viscometers, normal form
11 – 12
Ubbelohde viscometers, with additional tube and threads
13
Ubbelohde viscometers, with TC sensors
14
Micro-Ubbelohde viscometers
15
Viscometers for dilution series
15
Cannon-Fenske viscometers
16 – 17
Ostwald viscometers
18
Accessories
19 – 25
Capillary viscometry
Capillary viscometry is the most precise
method used to determine the kinematic
viscosity of liquids with Newtonian flow
behavior. For this reason, many procedures
use the options of this method, unsurpassed in precision, at international,
national, and plant operating levels. To fully
exploit these options, the instruments
being used must meet high quality requirements.
Which viscometers are available ?
The capillary viscometers most frequently used are the three-armed viscometers according to Ubbelohde and their
variants. With this viscometer type, the
sample volume must not be precisely calibrated. The liquid volume reaching the
measuring point including the resulting
average pressure head is automatically
regulated by means of the suspended bulb
level which forms at the lower end of the
capillaries. Ubbelohde viscometers are
available for all practical applications:
Technical characteristics of glass viscometers
Precision capillaries for viscometers
made of borosilicate glass or other highquality glass guarantee constant quality at
the highest level of international standards.
The capillaries are manufactured according to methods that guarantee a consistent
inner diameter. The outlet of the capillaries
is adapted in its geometric form to the
theoretical Hagenbach correction factor in
accordance with DIN standards.
The interaction of these technical glass
properties ensure uniform flow-through
times which then form the basis for precise
results.
d for absolute and relative measurements
d for manual and automatic detection of
meniscus passage
d for normal and opaque samples
d for manual and automatic rinsing
d in macro and micro sizes.
The two-legged viscometers, e.g. the
Ostwald viscometers, continue to be used
in classic methods although the level of
automation with applications of these
types of viscometers is limited. In addition,
there are a number of viscometer types
that are only of specific importance in the
field of routine and research work in each
instance.
Each calibrated viscometer has a consecutive series number which is only
awarded once by Schott. Accordingly,
individual viscometers can be clearly identified even after many years.
3
Which evaluation options are available in
capillary viscometry ?
Viscosity is a "classic" characteristic
quantity for liquids. The result provided
during application of capillary viscometry is
the kinematic viscosity which is measured
in the unit of mm2/s (formerly centistokes,
cSt). Since viscosity is temperature-dependent, the measurement temperature must
be correctly adhered to and mentioned in
the test results.
The absolute kinematic viscosity is calculated by means of simple multiplication
of the measured flow-through time in seconds with the constant K valid for the viscometer. At the same time, it is important
to note that the constants for manual and
for automatic measurements are basically
different. The ring marks and the constant
K refer to manual measurements; for
measurements with Schott measuring
stands, a correction factor must be taken
into account. The flow-through time must
be reduced by the Hagenbach correction
factor. The Hagenbach correction factor,
however, only achieves an amount worth
mentioning with shorter flow-through times
and/or smaller constants.
4
The Micro-Ubbelohde viscometers
which are being used more frequently in
recent times have a particularly small
Hagenbach correction factor which also
complies with the theoretical calculation in
accordance with DIN standards even for
flow-through times of 10 s. From the absolute viscosity, classic data, such as the
SUS (Saybolt Universal Viscosity), SF
(Saybolt Furol Viscosity) and E (Engler
Degree), for instance, can be calculated
directly with an equation or with the help of
a calculation chart.
The relative kinematic viscosity is the
quotient of the viscosities of a solution and
the pure solvent. This viscosity is extremely
important in the food industry and especially for the evaluation of polymers. From
the time when Staudinger discovered the
relationships between the average chain
length and the viscosity, polymers have
been evaluated to an increasing extent
with the help of viscosity determination.
From the relative viscosity, other characteristic quantities are derived mathematically,
such as the specific viscosity and the
inherent viscosity as well as the viscosity
number J and the K value.
Influence quantities in viscometry and
how can they be influenced ?
The constant K for the determination of
the absolute kinematic viscosity is determined with extreme care by means of
comparative measurements with normal
viscometers whose constants were determined at the Federal German PhysicalTechnical Institute (PTB). Accordingly, for
Ubbelohde viscometers of Type 501.. to
constant K = 10 mm2/s2 from the normal
production, a maximum measuring uncertainty of 0.60 % related to national standards is ensured. The measuring uncertainty
can be reduced further by means of a
second calibration. This renewed measurement can be confirmed for Ubbelohde
viscometers with a quality test certificate in
accordance with DIN 55 350 Part 18. The
confidence level (probability level) for this
data is 95 %.
– In practice, the repeating accuracy is
the most important criterion in most
cases. As repeating accuracy, values of
< 0.1 % can be achieved, provided that
the influence quantities described below
are taken into account.
– The constancy of temperature of the
thermostatic bath being used is, in addition to the correctness of the constant,
the most important influence quantity in
the field of viscometry. As a rule-ofthumb, a deviation of mT = 0.1 K results
in a measured value variation of
0.2...1%. Thermostats made by Schott
of the type series CT 1650/. provide a
constancy of temperature of mT = 0.02
... 0.05 K, depending on the temperature range and fluctuations of ambient
conditions. The required thermometers
must be capable of providing readings
of ± 0.01 K and must be officially calibrated.
– Following the sample filling procedure,
the tempering time must amount to at
least 15 minutes for manual measurements. For measurements with automatic viscosity measuring instruments,
shorter times can be selected because
the instruments ensure thorough mixing
due to constant pumping during the
tempering period. The outlier test for
automatic measurements makes it easier to recognise whether or not the first
measured value of a series was already
determined under correct temperature
conditions.
– The actual time measurement is performed with a stopwatch or with an
automatic viscosity measuring instrument. Normally, the time measurement
includes a very small degree of measuring uncertainty. Regular inspection
of the time measuring instruments,
however, is absolutely required.
5
Viscometers and their range of use
Ubbelohde viscometers (DIN)
for transparent liquids, viscosity range from
0.35 to 60,000 mm2/s, viscometers with
the smallest degree of measuring uncertainty, for precision measurements, easy to
fill up.
Ubbelohde viscometers (ASTM)
for untransparent liquids, viscosity range
from 0.3 to 60,000 mm2/s, for precision
measurements, easy to fill up.
Dilution viscometers
for transparent liquids, viscosity range from
0.3 to 100 mm2/s, for dilution series, only
for automatic measurements, only for polymer applications.
Micro-Ubbelohde viscometers
for transparent liquids, minimum sample
quantity, viscosity range from 0.3 to 800
mm2/s, measuring time ≥ 30 s, easy to fill
up.
TC viscometers
specially designed for untransparent oils,
viscosity range from 0.5 to 30,000 mm2/s,
only for automatic measurements that possess one or several of the following properties: untransparent, black, electrical
conductive, aqueous.
6
Ostwald viscometers
viscosity range from 0.3 to 10 mm2/s, only
for manual measurements, defined filling
volume (formerly used for the determination of molecular weight).
Micro-Ostwald viscometers
for transparent liquids, for foaming liquids,
viscosity range from 0.4 to 800 mm2/s,
minimum sample quantity, short measuring
time, defined filling volume.
Cannon-Fenske routine viscometers
for transparent liquids, viscosity range from
0.4 to 20,000 mm2/s.
Cannon-Fenske reverse flow viscometers
specially designed for untransparent
liquids, viscosity range from 0.4 to 20,000
mm2/s, only for manual measurements,
defined filling volume.
BS/IP U-tube reverse flow viscometers
specially designed for transparent or untransparent liquids, viscosity range from
6,000 to 300,000 mm2/s, only for manual
measurements, defined filling volume.
w
ald
Ca
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Fe onns
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re onve F
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flo ke
BS
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re -U
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e e
flo
w
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++
++
–
+
+
+
u
u
Transparent liquids
automatic measurement
++
++
+
–
+
+
–
–
Opaque liquids
manual measurement
–
–
–
–
–
–
+
+2)
Opaque liquids
automatic measurement
–
–
+ +1)
–
–
–
–
–
Foaming liquids
u
u
u
+
+
+
u
u
Liquid mixture with
highly volatile components
u
u
u
+
+
+
u
u
Minimum measurement substance
and/or rinsing agent quantities
–
++
–
–
+
–
–
–
High-temperature or lowtemperature measurements
+
+
+
u
u
u
u
u
M
O
st
w
ald
be
lo
TC
-U
b
Ub
M
icr
o
hd
e
hd
e
be
lo
e
hd
be
lo
Ub
Transparent liquids
manual measurement
Viscometer type
Measurement substance property
Selection of glass capillary viscometers
++
+
u
–
use preferably
highly suitable
less suitable
unsuitable
1) to 30,000 mm2/s
2) above 30,000 mm2/s
7
Overview table for estimation of the measuring uncertainty
for measurements of absolute viscosity using Ubbelohde
viscometers
Possible influence of viscosity determination
(data in percent)
Influence quantity
for a flow-through
time of 100 s
Specified measuring uncertainty
of a PTB-tested normal oil
(to 10 000 mm2/s)
–
0.3 … 0.5
0.6 … 0.75
0.6 … 0.75
0.45
0.45
0.03 … 0.1
0.3 … 1
0.03 … 0.1
0.3 … 1
Stopwatch, standard
stopwatch error, individual
0.02
0.2
0.01
0.1
Hagenbach correction for K = 0.01
Absolute error
residual error following correction
≤ 1.2
0.2
≤ 0.2
0.03
Inclination error (inclined slope)
1°
3°
0.02
0.14
0.02
0.14
0.1 … 0.2
0.1 … 0.2
Thermal expansion of glass
∆ T = 80 K
0.03
0.03
Acceleration of fall, change
from 40° to 50° latitude north
1000 m change in altitude
0.1
0.02
0.1
0.02
Radiation heat (insolation)
≥2
≥2
0…5
0…5
Soiling, particles
≥1
≥1
Alkaline cleaning agents
≥2
≥2
Measuring uncertainty of Ubbelohde
viscometer constants from running
production (K < 10 mm2/s2)
Measuring uncertainty of Ubbelohde
viscometer constants with manufacturer’s
inspection certificate (K < 10 mm2/s2)
Temperature variation
∆ T = 0.01 K
∆ T = 0.1 K
Surface tension
> 30 mN/m
Repairs
* confidence level of data = 95%
8
for a flow-through
time of 200 s
Viscometers within quality assurance systems
Recommendations for companies that
have introduced a quality assurance
system in accordance with the standards
DIN EN ISO 9000 ff.
In this quality assurance system, an
inspection of the measuring equipment is
planned. The intervals and required accuracy can be defined by each company
according to its own requirements. The
standard DIN/ISO 100 12, Part 1 serves as
a guideline in this matter.
We recommend regular inspection of
the viscometers in defined intervals.
The constants of the viscometers to be
inspected are then calculated according to
the equation (see below).
Within the quality assurance system in
accordance with DIN EN ISO 9000 ff.,
retraceability of the measuring equipment
to national measuring standards is demanded. This form of retraceability can be
achieved by inspecting the comparative
viscometers (reference measuring standards) at regular intervals at the PTB. The
time intervals are defined according to the
specifications made in the quality assurance system of the user.
Inspection of viscometer constants
1. Calibration using comparative measurements with reference measuring standards
Comparative measurements must be
performed with a viscometer (reference
measuring standard) which was tested at
the PTB (Federal German Physical-Technical Institute) and provided with a constant.
During this comparative measurement, the
viscometer to be inspected and the PTBtested viscometer were placed simultaneously in the same thermostatic bath. The
test liquid tested, the viscosity of which
must not be known exactly, is filled into
both viscometers, tempered and the flowthrough time then measured.
K
K PTB
K PTB · t PTB
K = ————————
t
t PTB
t
2. Calibration of the capillary viscometer
with normal oils of the PTB
During this calibration, a normal oil from
the PTB with known viscosity is used as a
reference measuring standard. The measurement is performed by means of flowthrough measurement of the PTB normal
oil in the viscometer to be inspected in a
temperature bath, the temperature of
which must correspond precisely to the
test temperature of the PTB. In this case, it
is extremely important to make sure that
the temperature is absolutely correct. In
case of temperature variation, this will
always result in a constant for the viscometer that deviates from the constant applied.
A temperature variation of 0.01 K, for
instance, will result in a measuring error of
up to 0.01%.
= constant of the inspected
viscometer
= constant of the viscometer
inspected at the PTB
= flow-through time of the viscometer
inspected at the PTB
(adjusted by the Hagenbachcorrection factor)
= flow-through time of the inspected
viscometer (adjusted by the
Hagenbach correction factor)
9
3. Inspection by Schott-Geräte with
quality certificates in accordance with
DIN 55 350 (Part 18, 4.2.2)
The inspection at Schott-Geräte is
carried out by means of comparative measurements using viscometers as reference
measuring standards that were tested at
the PTB (corresponds to Item 1).
Information on the stability of viscometer constants
Each inspection (even with a certificate)
can guarantee the technical measuring direction only for a limited period of time. The
constants of viscometers made of the
borosilicate glass DURAN®, however, can
remain unchanged for long periods of time
if the viscometers are kept away from
altered influences. Especially extreme
changes can be expected, for instance,
during the use of liquids that attack glass
or during glass-blowing repairs (even for
apparently insignificant repairs).
Liquids whose components adhere to
the glass wall also cause errors. In such
cases, regular cleaning is required whereby
the corrosive action cleaning agent on the
glass must be eliminated.
For this reason, we recommend that the
user should write up a special processing
instructions for all important measurements
and include them in his quality assurance
manual in accordance with DIN EN ISO
9000 ff. In all cases the user is responsible
for the correctness of his measuring and
testing equipment and is not released from
his responsibility for quality (cp. DIN
55 350, Part 18).
Relative uncertainty of the numerical value for the specified constant based on a
confidence level (probability level) of 95%
10
Viscometer type
Viscometers from running production
available on request with
manufacturer’s certificate in accordance with DIN 55 350, Part 18
Viscometers with
manufacturer’s inspection
in accordance with
DIN 55 350, Part 18
501..
Reference constant:
K ≤ 10 mm2/s2:
0.65 %
K > 10 mm2/s2:
0.8 %
0.45 %
0.60 %
525..
532..
Reference constant:
K ≤ 10 mm2/s2:
0.65 %
K > 10 mm2/s2:
0.8 %
0.5 %
0.65 %
516..
517..
536..
537..
all sizes:
0.8 %
0.65 %
541..
542..
543..
544..
545..
547..
548..
549..
all sizes:
1.2 %
0.9 %
511..
513..
520..
all sizes:
1.2 %
–
Ubbelohde viscometers, normal form
Viscometers with suspended ball level
for determination of absolute and relative
kinematic viscosity of liquids with Newtonian flow behaviour. The calibrated viscometers are delivered with manufacturer’s
certificate in accordance with DIN 55 350,
Part 18.
All viscometers are provided with ring
marks. This ensures that viscometers for
automatic measurements can also be
checked by means of manual measurements.
The recommended minimum flowthrough time is 200 s.
Ubbelohde viscometers (DIN)
– in accordance with DIN 51 562, Part 1,
ISO/DIS 3105 (BS-IP-SL)
– filling quantity: 15 ... 20 ml
– overall length: approx. 290 mm
calibrated, with
constant for
manual
measurements
calibrated with
constant, for
manual
measurements,
automatic measurement with stand
AVS/SK-HV
Type No.
Type No.
501 00
501 03
501 01
501 10
501 13
501 11
501 20
501 23
501 21
501 30
501 33
501 31
501 40
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Capillary No.
acc. DIN
not calibrated,
without constant,
for determination
of relative
viscosity
502 43
502 41
502 50
calibrated,
with constant
for automatic
measurements
Type No.
Type No.
–
530 03
530 01
530 10
530 13
–
530 20
530 23
–
530 30
530 33
–
530 40
532 00
532 03
532 01
532 10
532 13
532 11
532 20
532 23
532 21
532 30
532 33
532 31
532 40
n = kinematic viscosity in mm2/s
K = constant [mm2/s2]
t = flow-through time in s
n =K·t
K =n
t
t =n
0
0c
0a
I
Ic
Ia
II
IIc
IIa
III
IIIc
IIIa
IV
IVc
IVa
–
acc. ISO
–
–
–
I
Ia
–
II
IIa
–
III
IIIa
–
IV
IVa
–
V
n =K·t
K =n
t
t =n
K
0
0c
0a
I
Ic
Ia
II
IIc
IIa
III
IIIc
IIIa
IV
Constant
K
(approx.)
Measuring range
[mm2/s]
(approx.)
0.36
0.47
0.53
0.63
0.84
0.95
1.13
1.50
1.69
2.01
2.65
3.00
3.60
4.70
5.34
6.30
0.001
0.003
0.005
0.01
0.03
0.05
0.1
0.3
0.5
1
3
5
10
30
50
100
0.3 …
1
0.5 …
3
0.8 …
5
1.2 …
10
3 …
30
5 …
50
10 …
100
30 …
300
50 …
500
100 … 1000
300 … 3000
500 … 5000
1000 … 10000
3000 … 30000
6000 … 30000
über 10000
n = kinematic viscosity in mm2/s
K = constant [mm2/s2]
t = flow-through time in s
Capillary No.
acc. DIN
Capillary
ø i W 0,01
[mm]
acc. ISO
–
–
–
I
Ia
–
II
IIa
–
III
IIIa
–
IV
Capillary
ø i W 0,01
[mm]
Constant
K
(approx.)
0.36
0.47
0.53
0.63
0.84
0.95
1.13
1.50
1.69
2.01
2.65
3.00
3.60
0.001
0.003
0.005
0.01
0.03
0.05
0.1
0.3
0.5
1
3
5
10
Measuring range
[mm2/s]
(approx.)
0.3 …
1
0.5 …
3
0.8 …
5
1.2 …
10
3 …
30
5 …
50
10 …
100
30 …
300
50 …
500
100 … 1000
300 … 3000
500 … 5000
1000 … 10000
11
Ubbelohde viscometers (ASTM)
– in accordance with ISO/DIS 3105,
ASTM D 2515, ASTM D 446
calibrated, with
constant for
manual
measurements
12
– filling quantity: 15 ... 20 ml
– overall length: approx. 285 mm
not calibrated,
without constant,
for determination
of relative
viscosity
Type No.
Type No.
Capillary
No.
Capillary
øi
[mm]
Constant
K
(approx.)
Measuring range
[mm2/s]
(approx.)
525 00
525 03
525 01
525 10
525 13
525 20
525 23
525 30
525 33
525 40
525 43
526 00
526 03
526 01
526 10
526 13
526 20
526 23
526 30
526 33
526 40
526 43
0
0c
0b
I
Ic
II
IIc
III
IIIc
IV
IVc
0.24
0.36
0.46
0.58
0.78
1.03
1.36
1.83
2.43
3.27
4.32
0.001
0.003
0.005
0.01
0.03
0.1
0.3
1
3
10
30
0.35…
1
0.6 …
3
1 ,…
5
2 ,…
10
6 ,…
30
20 , …
100
60 , …
300
200 , … 1000
600 , … 3000
2000 , … 10000
6000 , … 30000
Ubbelohde viscometers, with additional tube and
threads
Viscometers with suspended ball level
for determination of absolute or relative
kinematic viscosity. These viscometers are
preferably used for automatic measurements when an AVS 24 or AVS 26 automatic viscometer cleaner is used simultaneously. The additional filling and cleaning
tube and the glass thread ensure safe ope-
rational use. The calibrated viscometers
are delivered with manufacturer’s certificate
in accordance with DIN 55 350, Part 18.
The ring marks that are also present serve as auxiliary marks in case the viscometers must be checked by means of manual
measurements.
Ubbelohde viscometers (DIN)
– filling quantity: 18 ... 22 ml
– in accordance with ISO/DIS 3105,
DIN 51 562, Part 1, BS 188, NFT 60-100 – overall length: approx. 290 mm
calibrated, with
constant for
automatic
measurements
Capillary No.
acc. DIN
acc. ISO
Capillary
øi
[mm]
0c
0a
I
Ic
II
IIc
III
IIIc
IV
–
–
I
Ia
II
IIa
III
IIIa
IV
0.47
0.53
0.63
0.84
1.13
1.50
2.01
2.65
3.60
Type No.
541 03
541 01
541 10
541 13
541 20
541 23
541 30
541 33
541 40
Ubbelohde viscometers (ASTM)
– the technical measurement characteristics are in accordance with
ISO/DIS 3105,
ASTM D 2515, ASTM D 446
Constant
K
(approx.)
0.003
0.005
0.01
0.03
0.1
0.3
1
3
10
Measuring range
[mm2/s]
(approx.)
0.5
0.8
1.2
3 ,
10 ,
30 ,
100 ,
300 ,
1000 ,
…
3
…
5
…
10
…
30
… 100
… 300
… 1000
… 3000
… 6000
– filling quantity: 18 ... 22 ml
– overall length: approx. 290 mm
calibrated, with
constant for
automatic
measurements
Type No.
Capillary No.
Capillary
øi
[mm]
Constant
K
(approx.)
Measuring range
[mm2/s]
(approx.)
545 00
545 03
545 01
545 10
545 13
545 20
545 23
545 30
545 33
545 40
545 43
0
0c
0b
I
Ic
II
IIc
III
IIIc
IV
IVc
0.24
0.36
0.46
0.58
0.78
1.03
1.36
1.83
2.43
3.27
4.32
0.001
0.003
0.005
0.01
0.03
0.1
0.3
1
3
10
30
0.35 …
1
0.6 …
3
1.8 …
5
2.2 …
10
6 , …
30
20 , … 100
60 , … 300
200 , … 1000
600 , … 3000
2000 , …10000
6000 , …30000
13
Ubbelohde viscometers with TC sensors
Viscometers with suspended ball level
for determination of absolute and relative
kinematic viscosity of liquids with Newtonian flow behaviour. The measuring
levels are marked by TC sensors. The
meniscus passage is detected due to the
different conductivity of the liquid phase
and the gas phase. A measurement stand
of the type series AVS/S is not required.
TC viscometers can be used to determine the kinematic viscosity of all liquids
with Newtonian flow behaviour. They are
especially suitable for liquids that cannot
be detected with other systems: untransparent and/or black and/or electric conductive measuring samples.
TC viscometers are manufactured from
technical glass types with an expansion
coefficient of a = approx. 9 • 10–6 .
Due to the electric properties of TC sensors, it is important to make that a type is
selected that is suitable for the required
application temperature.
TC viscometers with additional filling
and cleaning tube and with glass
thread
– the technical measurement characteristics are in accordance with DIN
51562, Part 1, ISO/DIS 3105 (BS-IP-SL)
– for use in combination with an automatic viscosity measuring instrument and
an AVS 24 or AVS 26 automatic viscometer cleaner
– filling quantity: 18 ... 22 ml
– overall length: approx. 355 mm
calibrated,
with constant for automatic measurements
14
+ 70 … + 150°C
Capillary
No.
Capillary
øi
[mm]
Constant
K
(approx.)
Measuring range
[mm2/s]
(approx.)
–
–
544 10
544 13
–
544 20
544 23
–
544 30
544 33
–
544 40
544 43
–
0c
0a
I
Ic
Ia
II
IIc
IIa
III
IIIc
IIIa
IV
IVc
IVa
0.47
0.53
0.64
0.84
0.95
1.15
1.51
1.69
2.05
2.70
3.00
3.70
4.90
5.34
0.003
0.005
0.01
0.03
0.05
0.1
0.3
0.5
1
3
5
10
30
50
0.5 …
3
0.8 …
5
1.2 …
10
3 …
30
5 …
50
10 …
100
30 …
300
50 …
500
100 … 1000
300 … 3000
500 … 5000
1000 … 10000
3000 … 20000
5000 … 30000
Type No.
Type No.
Type No.
+ 10 … + 80°C
– 40 … + 30°C
542 03
542 10
542 13
542 20
542 23
542 21
542 30
542 33
542 31
542 40
542 43
542 41
–
–
543 10
543 13
–
543 20
543 23
–
543 30
543 33
–
543 40
543 43
543 41
Micro-Ubbelohde viscometers
Viscometers for dilution series
Viscometers with suspended ball level
for determination of absolute and relative
kinematic viscosity of liquids with Newtonian flow behaviour. Due to their design,
these viscometers are especially suitable
for measurement of small liquid quantities
and for particularly short running times.
All viscometers are provided with ring
marks. This ensures that viscometers for
automatic measurements can also be
checked by means of manual measurements.
calibrated,
with constant for
manual
measurements
calibrated,
with constant for
automatic
measurements
Micro-Ubbelohde viscometers (DIN)
The calibrated viscometers are delivered
with manufacturer’s certificate in accordance with DIN 55 350, Part 18.
For measurements with automatic viscosity measuring instruments, another constant is valid. This constant is determined
by multiplication of the constant K with the
correction factor F.
– in accordance with DIN 51 562, Part 2
– filling quantity: 3 ... 4 ml
– overall length: approx. 290 mm
not calibrated,
without constant,
for determination
of relative
viscosity
Type No.
Type No.
Type No.
Capillary
No.
Capillary
øi
[mm]
536 10
536 13
536 20
536 23
536 30
537 10
537 13
537 20
537 23
537 30
538 10
538 13
538 20
538 23
538 30
MI
M Ic
M II
M IIc
M III
0.40
0.53
0.70
0.95
1.26
Constant
K
(approx.)
0.01
0.03
0.1
0.3
1
Measuring range
[mm2/s]
(approx.)
0.4 … 6
1.2 … 18
4 … 60
12 … 180
40 … 800
Viscometers for dilution series
Viscometers with suspended ball level
designed according to the principle of the
Ubbelohde viscometers for determination
of the limit viscosity number of polymers.
The limit viscosity number is determined
automatically in combination with viscosity
measuring instruments and piston burette,
type AVS 20, made by Schott.
– filling quantity: 15 ... 75 ml
– overall length: approx. 290 mm
not calibrated,
for automatic
measurements
Type No.
Capillary No.
Capillary
øi
[mm]
Constant
K
(approx.)
Measuring range
[mm2/s]
(approx.)
531 00
531 03
531 01
531 10
531 13
531 20
0
0c
0a
I
Ic
II
0.36
0.47
0.53
0.64
0.84
1.15
0.001
0.003
0.005
0.01
0.03
0.1
0.35 … 0.6
0.5 … 2
0.8 … 3
1.2 … 6
3
… 20
10
… 60
15
Cannon-Fenske viscometers
Cannon-Fenske routine viscometers
Comply with standards ISO/DIS 3105,
ASTM D 2515, BS 188 with respect to
technical measuring specifications.
– are suitable for all Newtonian liquids
with a viscosity of 0.35 ... 20,000
mm2/s.
– the present design has, as a supplement to the standard, a deepening in
the lower bend. Accordingly, these
viscometers can also be used for
automatic measurements.
– filling quantity: approx. 7 ... 10 ml
– overall length: approx. 245 mm
calibrated,
with ring mark, with constant
for manual
mesurement
for automatic
measurement
Type No.
Type No.
Capillary
No.
Capillary
øi
[mm]
Constant
K
(approx.)
513 00
513 03
513 01
513 10
513 13
513 20
513 23
513 21
513 30
513 33
513 40
513 43
520 00
520 03
520 01
520 10
520 13
520 20
520 23
520 21
520 30
520 33
520 40
520 43
25
50
75
100
150
200
300
350
400
450
500
600
0.30
0.44
0.54
0.63
0.78
1.01
1.27
1.52
1.92
2.35
3.20
4.20
0.002
0.004
0.008
0.015
0.035
0.1
0.25
0.5
1.2
2.5
8
20
Cannon-Fenske reverse flow
viscometers
Comply with standards ISO/DIS 3105,
ASTM D 2515, ASTM D 446,
Measuring range
[mm2/s]
(approx.)
0.4 …
1.6
0.8 …
3.2
1.6 …
6.4
3 …
15
7 …
35
20 …
100
50 …
200
100 …
500
240 … 1200
500 … 2500
1600 … 8000
4000 … 20000
NF T 60 - 100 with respect to technical
measuring specifications.
– filling quantity: approx. 12 ml
– overall length: approx. 295 mm
calibrated, with
3 ring marks,
with 2 constants,
only for manual
measurement
16
Type No.
Capillary No.
Capillary
øi
[mm]
Constant
K
(approx.)
511 00
511 03
511 01
511 10
511 13
511 20
511 23
511 21
511 30
511 33
511 40
511 43
25
50
75
100
150
200
300
350
400
450
500
600
0.31
0.42
0.54
0.63
0.78
1.02
1.26
1.48
1.88
2.20
3.10
4.00
0.002
0.004
0.008
0.015
0.035
0.1
0.25
0.5
1.2
2.5
8
20
Measuring range
[mm2/s]
(approx.)
0.4 …
1.6
0.8 …
3.2
1.6 …
6.4
3 …
15
7 …
35
20 …
100
50 …
200
100 …
500
240 … 1200
500 … 2500
1600 … 8000
4000 … 20000
Cannon-Fenske routine viscometers
Comply with standards ISO/DIS 3105,
ASTM D 2515, BS 188 with respect to
technical measuring specifications. These
viscometers are preferably used for automatic measurements when an AVS 24 or
AVS 26 automatic viscometer cleaner is
used simultaneously. The additional filling
and cleaning tube and the glass thread
ensure safe operational use. The calibrated
viscometers are delivered with manufacturer’s certificate in accordance with
DIN 55 350, Part 18.
– are suitable for all Newtonian liquids
with a viscosity of 0.35 ... 20,000
mm2/s.
– filling quantity: approx. 7 ... 12 ml
– overall length: approx. 245 mm
calibrated,
with
ring marks,
with constant,
for automatic
measurement
Type No.
Capillary No.
Capillary
øi
[mm]
Constant
K
(approx.)
Measuring range
[mm2/s]
(approx.)
546 00
546 03
546 01
546 10
546 13
546 20
546 23
546 21
546 30
546 33
546 40
546 43
25
50
75
100
150
200
300
350
400
450
500
600
0.30
0.44
0.54
0.63
0.78
1.01
1.27
1.52
1.92
2.35
3.20
4.20
0.002
0.004
0.008
0.015
0.035
0.1
0.25
0.5
1.2
2.5
8
20
0.4 …
1.6
0.8 …
3.2
1.6 …
6.4
3 …
15
7 …
35
20 …
100
50 …
200
100 …
500
240 … 1200
500 … 2500
1600 … 8000
4000 … 20000
17
Ostwald viscometers
Ostwald viscometers
– filling quantity: 3 ml
– overall length: approx. 220 mm
calibrated,
with ring marks,
without constant,
for manual
measurement
Type No.
Capillary
øi
[mm]
Transit time
for water
approx. [s]
509 03
509 04
509 05
509 06
509 07
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
250
75
30
15
10
Micro-Ostwald viscometers
are suitable for measurements of small
liquid quantities even with extreme formation of foam.
calibrated,
with ring marks,
with constant,
for manual
measurement
18
calibrated,
with ring marks,
with constant
for automatic
measurement
Constant
K
(approx.)
For use from
[mm2/s]
(approx.)
0.004
0.01
0.03
0.07
0.1
0.3
1
2.5
5.5
10
– filling quantity: 2 ml
– overall length: approx. 290 mm
not calibrated,
with ring marks,
without constant
Type No.
Type No.
Type No.
Capillary
No.
Capillary
øi
[mm]
516 10
516 13
516 20
516 23
516 30
517 10
517 13
517 20
517 23
517 30
518 10
518 13
518 20
518 23
518 30
I
Ic
II
IIc
III
0.43
0.60
0.77
1.00
1.36
Constant
K
(approx.)
0.01
0.03
0.1
0.3
1
Measuring range
[mm2/s]
(approx.)
0.4 …
6
1.2 … 18
4 … 60
12 … 180
40 … 800
Accessories
Brackets and stands
All brackets and stands are designed to
ensure that the viscometers are held vertically. They also protect the viscometers
from breakage. The maximum deviation is
< 1°. In application in conjunction with
Schott and other commercially available
see-through thermostats the viscometers
can only be used with the appropriate
stand or bracket.
For DIN Ubbelohde viscometers that are
used as reference measuring standard,
specifically modified bracket (VZ 5840)
must be used.
Brackets made of VA steel
suitable for use with all Ubbelohde viscometers
for manual and automatic measurements
Type No.
053 92
053 92
VZ 5840 (accessory for reference measuring standard)
suitable for use with Ubbelohde viscometers with TC sensors
Type No.
053 93
053 93
suitable for use with all reverse flow viscometers
(Cannon-Fenske and BS/IP U-tube viscometers)
for manual and automatic measurements
(not illustrated)
Type No.
053 96
suitable for use with Micro-Ostwald viscometers
for manual and automatic measurements
Type No.
053 97
053 97
19
Accessories
Stands made of PTFE
suitable for use with Cannon-Fenske routine viscometers
for automatic measurements only
(not illustrated)
Type no.
065 99
Brackets for reference measuring
standard
DIN Ubbelohde viscometers which are
used as testing standard should be stored
in a specially modified viscometer bracket
(053 92) according to official inspection /
calibration authorities.
The extension set for the test standard
(VZ 5840) guarantees vertical slope with a
maximum deviation of < 1° and the centered positioning of the capillaries.
VZ 5840
Type No.
VZ 5840
Control thermometers
20
Type No.
Measuring range °C
Graduation °C
VZ 2801
–
5 to + 38
1/10
VZ 2802
+ 33 to + 67
1/10
VZ 2803
+ 66 to + 102
1/10
VZ 2804
+ 95 to + 152
1/10
VZ 2901
+ 20 to + 25
1/100
VZ 2907
+ 22 to + 27
1/100
VZ 2904
+ 35 to + 40
1/100
VZ 2908
+ 37 to + 42
1/100
VZ 2905
+ 45 to + 50
1/100
VZ 2906
+ 97 to + 101
1/100
VZ 2909
+ 132 to + 137
1/100
Accessories
ViscoPump
The ViscoPump VZ 5625 used in manual
measurements and semi-automatic
measurements to suck and pump up
solutions:
– filling of viscometers
– rinsing with the next sample
– sucking up between manual measurements
– emptying of viscometers without
removing them from the thermostatic
bath
Since the materials used and the connections of the ViscoPump VZ 5625 are made
of PTFE or stainless steel, the pump is
suitable for use with aggressive mediums.
The range of use for semi-automatic processing of samples, e.g. with a viscosity
measuring instrument AVS 360 is possible
up to a viscosity of 30,000 mm2/s.
For semi-automatic processing work, the
PTFE hose combination with stand
(see illustration) and the waste bottle, type
no. VZ 5624, are used.
VZ 5625
Type No.
VZ 5625
Polyamide bracket
for use with Cannon-Fenske routine viscometers,
Cannon-Fenske reverse flow viscometers
and all Ostwald viscometers
for manual measurements only
Type No.
064 99
PTFE bracket
for use with Cannon-Fenske routine viscometers,
for automatic measurements only
(not illustrated)
Type No.
065 99
064 99
21
Accessories
2
Temperature stabilization jackets
3
4
1
In the absence of a see-through thermostat the temperature of capillary viscometers can be stabilized in this type of
jacket using circulation thermostats in the
temperature range 0 to 180°C. The shape
of the jacket and the number of holes in
the support plate depend upon the type of
viscometer being used.
The support plate has been designed
to facilitate changing the viscometer when
required. An additional hole is provided
in the support plate so that a control thermometer can be fitted. A quick-action
seal simplifies changing viscometers.
Temperature stabilization jacket with support plate
for Ubbelohde viscometers
Type No.
Item No.
577 00
Thermometer
Complete, without viscometer
Component parts
577 01
238 00
225 34
072 34
1
2
3
4
Temperature stabilization jacket, straight
Support plate with 4 silicone rings (d = 4, 6, 8 and 10 mm)
Silicone O-ring, ND 60
Quick-action seal, ND 60
2
3
4
1
Temperature stabilization jacket with support plate
Thermometer
for Cannon-Fenske routine viscometers
Type No.
Item No.
578 00
Complete, without viscometer
Component parts
578 01
239 00
225 34
072 34
22
1
2
3
4
Temperature stabilization jacked, angled
Support plate with 3 silicone rings (d = 6, 8 and 10 mm)
Silicone O-ring, ND 60
Quick-action seal, ND 60
Accessories
Temperature stabilization jacket with support plate
2
for Cannon-Fenske reverse flow viscometers
and Ostwald viscometers
3
4
Type No.
Item No.
579 00
Complete, without viscometer
Component parts
1
577 01
239 00
225 34
072 34
1
2
3
4
Temperature stabilization jacket, straight
Support plate with 3 silicone rings (d = 6, 8 and 10 mm)
Silicone O-ring, ND 60
Quick-action seal, ND 60
Thermometer
Silicone rings
Type No.
d
mm
D
mm
h
mm
228 11
228 14
228 16
228 17
4
6
8
10
10
16
16
16
5
5
5
5
h
KPG auxiliary pipette
used for determining the most suitable viscometer capillary number.
Type No.
576 99
The KPG auxiliary pipette is filled with the fluid which is then
discharged in drops through a KPG capillary tube.
The time elapsing between each drop (drop rate) indicates the most
applicable viscometer constant as shown:
1 second or less with constant 0.01
1 to 5 seconds with constant 0.1
5 to 35 seconds with constant 1
35 seconds or more with constant 10
Drip pan
stainless steel
This accessory facilitates emptying and drying viscometers
Type No.
522 01
23
AVS measuring stands and hose sets
AVS measuring stands
– Measuring stands of the type series
AVS/S can be used to measure the
flow-through time in viscometers automatically.
– The measuring stands can be connected to all measuring instruments
made by SCHOTT for automatic
measurement of viscosity and operate
with all standard viscometers for repetitive measurements.
– Automatic measurements have the
following advantages:
– the repetitive standard deviation is
less than for manual measurements
– the measurement is free from subjective factors of influence
– the results can be printed out and/or
be automatically documented on
data memory system
– automatic processing of sample
series is available.
– The use of different materials ensures
unproblematic adaptation to existing
measurement temperatures and applications.
– The measuring stands or brackets can
be exchanged at random. This is provided by the precision applied during
production.
– The distance between the levels of the
automatic optoelectronic unloading
system is 40.00 mm ± 0.03 mm. When
measuring stands are replaced, this
results in a standard deviation of VK =
0.05% for Ubbelohde viscometers.
– For repetitive measurements with viscosity measuring instruments and
Ubbelohde viscometers with measuring
stands, the standard deviation VK =
0.03%.
– Manually calibrated Ubbelohde viscometers can also be used in AVS measuring stands. If the automatic sensing
levels do not correspond to the ring
marks, the superimposed meniscus
detection system will provide a higher
constant. The difference amounts to
0.1% per millimetre of height offset.
Required hose/cable combinations
Viscometer type
517 ..
520 ..
530 ..
532 ..
537 ..
Measuring instrument
1)
2)
3)
24
540 ..
541 ..
545 ..
546 ..
542 ..
543 ..
544 ..
547 ..
548 ..
549 ..
552 ..
553 ..
554 ..
531 .. (3)
Hose/cable combinations
AVS 300 and
AVS 310
VZ 5505(1) or
VZ 5501(2)
VZ 5621(1) and
VZ 5505(1)
AVS 350
VZ 5505(1) or
VZ 5501(2)
VZ 5623(2)
AVS 360 and
AVS 361
VZ 5104(1) or
VZ 5622(2)
VZ 5623(2)
AVS 400 and
AVS 410
VZ 5505(1) or
VZ 5501(2)
VZ 5621(1) and
VZ 5505(1)
AVS 440 and
AVS 450
VZ 5505(1) or
VZ 5501(2)
VZ 5621(1) and
VZ 5505(1)
–
–
VZ 5857(1)
VZ 5606(1)
VZ 5505(1) and
VZ 6226
VZ 5857(1)
VZ 5623(2)
VZ 5104(1) or
VZ 5622(2)
VZ 5104(1) or
VZ 5622(2)
–
VZ 5606(1)
–
VZ 5857(1)
VZ 5505(1) and
VZ 6226
VZ 5857(1)
Silicon tube
PTFE tube (aggressive mediums)
The necessary connection tube TZ 1607 (l=1.5 m) is included at the piston burette ViscoDoser AVS 20.
AVS measuring stands
Measuring stands
AVS/S
AVS/S-HT
AVS/SK
AVS/S-CF
AVS/SK-V
Available
viscometers
Ubbelohde viscometers in accordance with DIN,
ASTM, ISO 3105, Micro-Ubbelohde viscometers,
Micro-Ostwald viscometers
Cannon-Fenske
routine
viscometers
Ubbelohde
dilution
viscometers
Temperature
range
–80 to +100°C
–80 to +100°C
0 to 60°C
other temperature
ranges available
on request
Suitable for use
with the measuring units
AVS 300, AVS 310, AVS 350, AVS 360, AVS 361, AVS 400, AVS 410, AVS 440, AVS 450,
AVS 500
Suitable for use
with the thermostatic baths
CT 1450/2, CT 1450/3, CT 1450/4, CT 1450/2 HT, CT 1450/4 HT, CT 1450/2 TT,
CT 1450/4 TT, CT 1450/2 M, CT 1650/2, CT 1650/4, CT 1650/2 HT, 1650/4 HT,
CT 1650/2 TT, CT 1650/4 TT, CT 1650/2 M, CT 050/2, CT 052/2
Suitable
brackets
(type no.)
05392
05397
Electrical
connection
Cable VZ 6225 for all measuring stands to all instruments (is included in hose sets
VZ 5505, VZ 5622 and VZ 5857), control lamp as function display
–80 to +200°C
0 to 60°C
no bracket
required
Distance bet40.00 mm w 0.03 mm at 25°C
ween the measuring levels
Signal
transmission
Optically using optical fibres from the measuring level in the stand head, converted into
analogue signal from stand to measuring instrument
Material
Aluminium, TiO2-anodized
PVDF, stainless
steel
Aluminium,
TiO2-anodized
PVDF, stainless
steel
Dimensions
90 x 447 x 90
(W x H x D) mm
90 x 496 x 90
90 x 447 x 90
90 x 447 x 90
90 x 447 x 90
Weight (kg) appr. 1.0
1.25
0.8
1.0
0.8
Hose/cable
combination
VZ 5505
Hose/cable
combination
VZ 5857, magnetic stirring rods,
fastening springs
for viscometer
Accessories
included in
scope of
delivery
Bracket type no. 05392 for Ubbelohde
viscometers, hose/cable combination VZ 5505
Note:
When TC viscometers are being used, a bracket type no. 05393, with the necessary hose set is required only.
A measuring stand is not required.
25
55018 e 42/Makro 0199 pdf
SCHOTT Instruments GmbH
Postfach 2443
D-55014 Mainz
info@schott-instruments.com
www.schott-instruments.com
Telefon +49(0) 6131/66-5111
Telefax +49(0) 6131/66-5001