MNH202C/201/1/2009 STREPIESKODE BAR CODES UNISA P248(A) DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT II HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (MNH202C) TUTORIAL LETTER 201/1/2009 Study this tutorial letter carefully and keep it safe as you will need it for examination preparation. UNISA 2 By now you should have received a study guide and the following tutorial letters for MNH202C: Tutorial Letter MNH202C/101/3/2009 HRMALL6/301/3/2009 MNH202C/201/1/2009 (this tutorial letter) Content of tutorial letter A word of welcome, purpose and outcomes of the module, where to start, important notice, communication with the university, student support system, prescribed book and enquiries, tutorial matter, additional sources of information, assignments, examination, discussion classes, study plan, frequently asked questions, compulsory assignments, self-assessment assignments, guidelines for answering assignment and examination questions, comments on Assignments 03 and 04 New restructured qualifications Introduction, important additional contact details of lecturers, myUnisa, the examination, other editions of the prescribed book, answers to assignments for both semesters, additional resources, change in contact information – South African Journal of Labour Relations, comments on Assignment 01, conclusion If you have not received these tutorial letters and the study guide please contact the Department of Despatch at 086 167 0411. The study material for this module (study guide and tutorial letters) is also available on the internet (myUnisa). We strongly recommend, therefore, that you register for and utilise this system if you have not yet done so. Information about the system can be obtained from section 2.5 in the booklet Unisa: services and procedures, which you received at registration. This booklet is also available from www.unisa.ac.za. Click on "Study at Unisa", then on "Downloadable documents". Unfortunately, lecturers do not have the facilities to send students duplicate copies of study material that is lost in the mail. Remember that tutorial letters are the university’s principal means of communication and teaching: this is why you need to check and make sure that you have received all the tutorial letters for your course. Please read and study tutorial letters carefully and keep them in a safe place! CONTENTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 INTRODUCTION IMPORTANT ADDITIONAL CONTACT DETAILS OF LECTURERS myUnisa THE EXAMINATION OTHER EDITIONS OF THE PRESCRIBED BOOK ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENTS FOR BOTH SEMESTERS ADDITIONAL RESOURCES CHANGE IN CONTACT INFORMATION – SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF LABOUR RELATIONS COMMENTS ON ASSIGNMENT 01 CONCLUSION Dear Student 1 INTRODUCTION The main purpose of this tutorial letter is to inform you about the information on myUnisa, and to provide additional information about the examination and feedback on Assignment 01. Keep this tutorial letter as you will need it to prepare for the examination. 3 2 MNH202C/201/1/2009 IMPORTANT ADDITIONAL CONTACT DETAILS OF LECTURERS In tutorial letter MNH202C/101/3/2009 we provided contact information for your lecturer, Mrs S Wärnich. For your convenience we also provide an additional number that you may use between 08:00 and 13:00, that is (012) 429-3723. 3 myUnisa Consult the Unisa: services and procedures brochure which you received after registration, where you will find more information about myUnisa. We would like to encourage you to use this system when submitting assignments in future. This is just one of the benefits of using myUnisa. If you are already using myUnisa, keep on visiting the site regularly! For those students who have access to the internet and myUnisa, we will be uploading interesting HR articles and related information from time to time for this module. Please note that you will not be examined on any of these items and you will thus not be disadvantaged in terms of the examination if you do not visit the site regularly ─ we would merely like to provide this in addition to the information in your prescribed material. If you do not have access to a computer at home or at work, we would like to encourage you to visit the Unisa Library, your local library, your community centre, an internet café, a friend or family member or any other place where you can access the internet, if at all possible. Computer skills are important! We would like to invite you to share interesting HR articles or information related to the content in the MNH202C module with us, so that we can share this with your fellow students as well! We would love to hear from you! 4 THE EXAMINATION 4.1 General Please refer to the guidelines and information we provided in Tutorial letter MNH202C/101/3/2009 about the lecturer's expectations regarding the examination, the format and composition of the examination paper, and hints for the examination. We have in the past received requests from students for examination “hints and tips”. Please refer to Tutorial letter MNH202C/101/3/2009 in which we provided extensive information regarding the examination. We cannot provide any additional information, but you are welcome to contact us if you are struggling to master the content of the module for the examination. 4.2 Format of the examination paper Please note that the examination paper will be a fill-in paper, which means that you will only receive an examination paper and a mark-reading sheet in the examination. The answers to the paragraph/essay questions in section B should be written in the space provided on the examination paper. Section A will be worth 30 marks and section B 40 marks. For more detail regarding the format of the examination paper, please refer to Tutorial letter MNH202C/101/3/2009. 4.3 Year mark and final assessment mark As explained in Tutorial letter MNH202C/101/3/2009, your final assessment mark for the module will be a combination of an assignment mark and the examination mark. You earn a year mark by submitting Assignments 01 and 02. The marks obtained for these assignments will be combined with your examination mark in order to calculate the final assessment mark for this module. The assignment marks will contribute a maximum of 10% (5% each) to the final assessment mark for the module, 4 while the examination mark will contribute 90%. Note that only the submission of Assignment 01 is required for admission to the examination, although the marks obtained for both assignments contribute towards your final mark. Therefore, although you will be admitted to the examination even if you do not submit Assignment 02, you will forfeit 5% of your final mark. You will have to obtain a minimum of 50% for the year mark and the examination mark combined for the final assessment mark in order to pass the module. Irrespective of the year mark obtained you must obtain a subminimum of 40% in the examination. In line with the Unisa assessment policy, your year marks will not be taken into account if you obtain less than 40% in the examination. In such an event the mark obtained in the examination will be your final mark. You will therefore not pass a module if your examination mark is less than 40%. If you write a supplementary examination the year mark will not be taken into account when the final mark is calculated; hence the mark you receive will only be what you obtained for the examination. Remember that it is your responsibility to contact us to enquire whether the prescribed material will be the same during the next academic period. If you write an aegrotat or special examination, the year mark will be taken into account but the subminimum rule of 40% will apply. This means that, should you obtain a mark of less than 40% in the examination, your year mark will not be taken into account, and the examination mark will be your final mark for the module. Remember that it is your responsibility to contact us to enquire whether the prescribed material will be the same during the next academic period. 4.4 Re-marks and rechecks In the event that you feel that you want to request a re-mark or recheck of your examination script after the results have been released, please do NOT contact your lecturers! The official procedure appears in the Unisa: services and procedures brochure. 5 OTHER EDITIONS OF THE PRESCRIBED BOOK As stated in Tutorial letter MNH202C/101/3/2009, your prescribed book for this module is the following: Grobler, PA, Wärnich, S, Carrell, MR, Elbert, NF & Hatfield, RD. 2006. Human resource management in South Africa. 3rd edition. London: Thomson Learning. ISBN: 1-84480-328-7. PLEASE NOTE THAT THE 1st AND 2nd EDITIONS OF THIS BOOK MAY NOT BE USED! ENSURE THAT YOU OBTAIN THE CORRECT EDITION OF THE PRESCRIBED BOOK. YOU WILL NOT BE ABLE TO SUCCESSFULLY MASTER THE LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR THIS MODULE IF YOU USE ANY EDITION OTHER THAN THE ONE PRESCRIBED. THIS ALSO IMPLIES THAT YOU WILL NOT BE ABLE TO ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THE EXAMINATION. MNH202C/201/1/2009 5 6 ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENTS FOR BOTH SEMESTERS In tutorial letter MNH202C/101/3/2009 assignments for both semesters were included. You will only receive feedback on the assignments that are applicable to the semester fro which you are registered. Please do not contact the lecturers to request copies of the tutorial letters for the other assignments due in the period that you are not registered for. Registration for Semester 01 – 2009 Assignment Assignment 01 MNH202C/201/1/2009 (this tutorial letter) 01 02 MNH202C/202/1/2009 (will be mailed to the registered students after the due date of this assignment) MNH202C/101/3/2009 (already received) MNH202C/101/3/2009 (already received) 02 03 04 7 Tutorial letter where feedback will be provided Registration for Semester 02 – 2009 03 04 Tutorial letter where feedback will be provided MNH202C/201/2/2009 ((will be mailed to the registered students after the due date of this assignment) MNH202C/202/2/2009 (will be mailed to the registered students after the due date of this assignment) MNH202C/101/3/2009 (received after registration) MNH202C/101/3/2009 (received after registration) ADDITIONAL RESOURCES Unisa’s Library provides access to students to amongst others books, journals, research projects and electronic sources. You may gain access to the electronic resources via the Internet. For your convenience we have included information in this tutorial that was recently brought to our attention. Remember that you can get access to other sources via the Library’s website. Should you need additional information regarding the Human Resource Management field you will find these sources useful. Note that you will not be examined on this information. Oxford English Dictionary Follow the link below to access this dictionary on-line: http://0-dictionary.oed.com.oasis.unisa.ac.za/entrance.dtl Oxford Reference Online – Premium Collection Follow the link below to access this dictionary on-line: http://0-www.oxfordreference.com.oasis.unisa.ac.za/views/GLOBAL.html See the information below for more detail on this website: Click on Economics & Business A Dictionary of Business and Management This dictionary is a wide-ranging and informative guide to all areas of business, covering business strategy, marketing, taxation, accounting, operations management, investment, banking and international finance. The new, fourth edition has been updated to include terms relating to human resources and management. New entries include management concepts (e.g. competence, knowledge management), named theories (Tannenbaum and Schmidt, Blake and Mouton), and new terms from current affairs (Private finance initiative, private-public partnership) and Internet business (bricks-and-clicks, viral marketing). In addition, coverage of social psychology has been expanded (incorporating, for example, group task theory and role theory). 6 Fourth edition Print edition ISBN: 9780192806482 Print edition ISBN: 0192806483 Publishing history: First published 1990 as A Concise Dictionary of Business; second edition 1996; third edition 2002; fourth edition 2006 Copyright: © Market House Books Ltd. 1990, 1996, 2002, 2006 A Dictionary of Human Resource Management This dictionary comprises over 1,400 entries on human resource management, personnel, and industrial relations. It covers technical terms, jargon, theories, and concepts, all of which are relevant for undergraduate and MBA students, human resource practitioners, and trade unionists. The Dictionary of Human Resource Management is ideal both as a quick reference guide and as an accompaniment to existing HRM textbooks. The authoritative source of precise and easy to understand definitions of words, terms, and phrases, this new edition of the Dictionary of Human Resource Management has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect changes in vocabulary and usage. All the previous editions' entries have been reviewed, around 300 new entries have been added, and the existing entries thoroughly edited to reflect changes in the usage of terms, changes in institutions and official bodies, and keeps pace with the evolving HRM vocabulary. Edmund Heery is Professor of Human Resource Management at Cardiff Business School. Mike Noon is Professor of Human Resource Management at Leicester Business School. Second edition revised Print edition ISBN: 9780199298761 Publishing history: First published 2001; this edition 2008 Copyright: © Edmund Heery and Mike Noon, 2001, 2008 8 CHANGE IN CONTACT INFORMATION – SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF LABOUR RELATIONS In section 9.1 of tutorial letter MNH202C/101/3/2009 we provided contact information for the South African Journal of Labour Relations. The editor and contact details for this journal has now changed, kindly use the new contact details listed below if you wish to contact them in future. South African Journal of Labour Relations Contact person Mrs M Kirsten Postal address The Editor South African Journal of Labour Relations School of Management Sciences PO Box 392 UNISA 0003 Telephone number (012) 429-4924 Fax number (012) 429-4947 E-mail address kirstm@unisa.ac.za MNH202C/201/1/2009 7 9 COMMENTS ON ASSIGNMENT 01 This assignment refers to chapters 4, 5 and 6 of the prescribed book. Correct answer Discussion Question 1 The correct answer is alternative 3. Consult section 4.7 in your prescribed book regarding the steps in the SHRP process. The first step in situation analysis is to monitor and assess the company mission and core businesses, its strategic plans and parameters, its concepts and structure, and its culture and HR challenges. The second step is to conduct environmental scanning to gather information about trends and anticipated developments in the external and internal environment, and their relevance for HR strategy. An environmental scanning may address a number of external factors like economic, social and political trends, developments in labour markets, labour relations as well as HR policies and practices in other firms. Internal HR factors such as turnover, absenteeism, managerial obsolescence, employee demographics and employee skill levels must also be assessed. Another of the many sources of information that can be useful when conducting a situational analysis is employees' opinions. Opinions about both problems and potential solutions can be helpful when planning for change. Employee surveys are one method of finding out employees' opinions. It also gets the employees involved in the process from an early stage, which is vital if they have to buy into the changes later. What is the purpose of the situation analysis? It can assist HR strategy makers in addressing HR issues before the strategy formulation process is finalised. The ultimate goal is to improve the quality of strategic company decisions by ensuring an appropriate match between human resources, capital resources and physical resources. It is important that HR managers participate in the development of the strategic plans of the company. The correct answer is alternative 4. Refer to table 4.2 in the prescribed book. Simulation is a quantitative method used for forecasting HR demand by using scenarios to test the effect of various personnel policies. The correct answer is alternative 1. Consult section 5.7 in the prescribed book for more detail. Effectiveness is measured in terms of the rate of conversion whilst resources are being used. Efficiency refers to “doing the right things”. The correct answer is alternative 3. Refer to section 4.10.3 in the prescribed book. In a controlled experiment the problem will firstly have to be defined and alternatives will have to be evaluated before choosing an alternative. The third step would be to state the hypothesis before selecting the experimental and control groups. These groups have to be measured prior to the experiment, after which the experiment will be conducted. The experimental and control groups have to be measured again after the experiment has taken place and this is then followed by data analysis, drawing conclusions and reporting on the results. The correct answer is alternative 1. The answer can be found in section 5.2 in the prescribed book. Job design is the manipulation of the content, functions and relationships of jobs in a way that both accomplishes organisational goals and satisfies the personal needs of the individual job holders. The other options are definitions of the concepts of recruitment, selection and job evaluation. Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 8 Correct answer Discussion The correct answer is alternative 3. Refer to section 5.2.2 in your prescribed book. When a job is enlarged, the number of tasks performed is increased (ie the scope of the job is increased, which implies a horizontal expansion of the job). Job enlargement, like job rotation, tries to eliminate short-cycle jobs that create boredom. Unlike job rotation, job enlargement actually increases the job cycle. When a job is enlarged, either the tasks being performed are enlarged or several short tasks are given to one worker. Thus, the scope of the job is increased because there are many tasks to be performed by the same worker on the same level. With job enrichment, jobs are redesigned in both scope and depth (vertical and horizontal expansion). Typically, the worker decides how the job is performed, planned and controlled and makes decisions concerning the entire process. The overall purpose is to improve a job by making it more exciting and challenging. Job enrichment goes further than job enlargement by grouping a set of tasks of sufficient complexity to require choices (discretion) about how to bring together the varied operations and get the job done. Job rotation is when employees are periodically assigned to alternating jobs or tasks on the same or a similar level. The complexity of tasks does not increase and the scope of the job does not change, only the set of tasks to be done changes. Job rotation can assist in eliminating boredom. The correct answer is alternative 3. Refer to section 5.8.2 in the prescribed book. Telecommuting is a method by which employees do their job in an alternative work location. This is made possible through the use of technology. Employees can use terminals or computers to establish dial-up connections or to maintain continuous communications that enable them to complete some or all of their duties at home or even in other locations. This arrangement will not always work with all employees. Some employees have jobs in which such an arrangement is not possible owing to the nature of their work; in other instances such an arrangement might not be possible owing to the personal circumstances of the employee. Telecommuting can only be successful if the employees have little need for face-to-face contact with customers and colleagues, they can commute directly to customers from their alternative workplace, they have an appropriate alternative space to work from with no interruptions, they have the necessary equipment, they are self-starters who can work with little supervision, their job is of such a nature that they can perform their duties from home, the supervisor they report to needs to manage results and not time worked, and the supervisor trusts these employees. Telecommuters often fear that they might lose visibility which can be detrimental to their careers. The key is that such an arrangement should be beneficial for both parties involved, namely the employer as well as the employee. The correct answer is alternative 3. The answer can be found in section 5.6 of the prescribed book. Due to a printing error in the Afrikaans tutorial letter this question was thus not marked. Ergonomics is a term that is used to describe the situation where the human factor is taken into account when designing the employee’s workstation. The relationship between an employee and his/her workstation includes aspects such as the machines used, the noise, the lighting, office furniture and other physical aspects. Several aspects should be considered when attempting to design a person’s workstation in an ergonomical way, namely the back, posture, hand and the environment. When Peter designs the typist’s workstation he will have to consider the fact that she will be sitting in front of a computer the whole day. He will have to ensure that the computer is positioned in such a way that she will be able to type in a comfortable position taking the aforementioned aspects into account. By doing this they can enable her to perform her duties. The correct answer is alternative 3. Refer to section 5.12.4 of the prescribed book. Job descriptions serve a variety of purposes for HR professionals. Several employment and compensation activities depend on job information normally included in the organisation's job descriptions. In addition, the basic information needed for requirements such as employment equity/affirmative action, overtime and employee safety can be included in job descriptions. Collective bargaining agreements may also specify which duties are to be performed by each union employee covered by the agreement. Job descriptions may be used to develop recruitment advertisements and Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 MNH202C/201/1/2009 9 Correct answer Discussion to provide applicants with additional information about job openings. They are often used when they include job specifications as a means of providing the interviewer with concise, accurate information about the job. The interviewer can then better match the applicant to the job opening and make sure that the minimum qualifications of the job are met by the applicant. New employees may be given job descriptions to spell out job requirements and areas to be evaluated. Organisations use job descriptions to specify both the training an employee requires for effective performance and the type of training current employees may need to become promotable. Job descriptions often specify comparable factors for use in the process of job evaluation so that a job evaluator can compare various jobs and make pay decisions. HR practices require that such comparisons be based on job-required skill, effort, responsibility and working conditions. The required documentation of such information is usually found in job descriptions. Job descriptions enable the HR administrator to estimate whether the wages being paid for a job are equitable in comparison with wages for similar jobs in other organisations in the community or throughout the country. Thus, they provide information for both internal comparisons (through job evaluation) and external comparisons (through survey analyses). Job descriptions may specify the basis on which an employee will be judged during performance appraisal. If employees are told which areas and duties they are responsible for performing, they are forewarned about what will be evaluated. Job descriptions may also play an important role in the career change process. Organisations that lay off workers temporarily or downsize permanently often want to assist affected employees. The HR staff can use an employee's job description to help prepare a CV that gives detailed information. The HR staff may also refer to the job description when providing reference information to prospective employees. Question 10 The correct answer is alternative 4. Refer to section 5.12.2 in your prescribed book. All three alternatives are correct and valuable when conducting interviews during the job analysis process. The correct answer is alternative 4. The answer can be found in section 5.8 of the prescribed book. Flexible working hours mean that employees may follow different work schedules each day of the week. Employers will establish a core time when all employees must be at work. This will ensure that at certain times all employees are available for meetings and other important tasks. The correct answer is alternative 2. Refer to table 6.1 in the prescribed book. The advantages of internal recruiting are an increase in the morale of all employees, knowledge of personnel records, a chain effect of promotion, the need to hire only at entry level and it is usually faster and less expensive. The other alternatives listed are advantages of external recruitment. The correct answer is alternative 2. Refer to sections 6.4 and 6.5 in your prescribed book. Once management has determined an organisation's staffing requirements, the recruitment process commences. The first decision to be made is whether a particular job opening should be filled by someone already employed by the organisation (eg transfer or promotion) or by an applicant from outside (this is the recruitment source). The next question to be answered is what method(s) will be used to inform possible applicants that there is a vacancy. Different recruitment methods can be used for different sources. The most common methods of internal recruiting are bidding and job posting. There are a number of methods for external recruiting, including direct applications, employee referrals, campus recruiting, employment agencies, overtime and temporary help. The correct answer Job posting is an internal method of recruitment. Non-traditional recruitment methods Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 10 Correct answer Discussion is alternative 2. Refer to section 6.2 in the prescribed book. include disadvantaged training programmes, learnerships and mentoring programmes, career exhibitions, telerecruiting and diversity data banks. These strategies are necessitated by political, demographic and economic factors in South Africa and the increased pressure to appoint candidates from “designated groups”. This means employing people who were previously disadvantaged as defined by the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 as being blacks, Asians, coloureds, women and persons with disabilities. In practice this means that employers need to give candidates from this group who apply for a job preference over candidates who do not fall in this group. The correct answer is alternative 3. Refer to table 6.8 in the prescribed book. One of the advantages of using unstructured interviews is that this method allows the interviewer to adapt to the situation. A disadvantage of this is that it may be difficult to compare different candidates with one another because they did not answer the same questions, which may ultimately create a problem in terms of unfair discrimination. In view of current labour legislation it is advisable to use a more structured interview. The correct answer is alternative 2. Consult section 6.12.3 dealing with pre-employment testing in your prescribed book, specifically the paragraph regarding managerial selection devices on page 192. In this case an assessment centre will be an appropriate selection tool. When an assessment centre takes place, candidates are evaluated in terms of how well they might perform in managerial or higher positions. These centres are costly and timeconsuming but a great deal of valuable information can be gathered. They are normally conducted off site and managed by trained professionals who observe, record, evaluate and provide feedback to the candidates. The correct answer is alternative 1. Section 6.12.4 deals with interviews. Structured interviews are the most popular type of interview to use when selecting candidates for jobs. The reason for this is that the same predetermined questions are used and posed to all the candidates, which makes a fair comparison of the different candidates more possible. The correct answer is alternative 4. Refer to section 6.2 in the prescribed book. Career exhibitions are normally used when the Department of Labour and a number of large companies sponsor national career exhibitions in locations that are likely to attract the designated groups. At the exhibitions they emphasise special incentives designed to attract older applicants, such as bursaries, housing, transport and free education for children. Diversity data banks are used when employers striving to increase the diversity of their workforce often find qualified, culturally diverse candidates difficult to locate since they are less likely to respond to traditional recruitment methods. This need has given rise to data banks being established by companies containing CV data on different ethnic groups for jobs ranging from entry level to MBAs and experienced professionals. Learnerships and mentoring programmes are used when employers are introducing students to the opportunities available through education by means of leaderships and mentoring programmes they offer. Disadvantaged training programmes can work at a time when a great percentage of all jobs require a high school certificate or university degree, and many workers in the designated group cannot meet those requirements. To assist them and achieve a more diverse workforce, many companies and a number of government departments are offering training programmes covering basic writing and mathematics skills, as well as job-specific instruction. This training takes place under the Adult Basic Education and Training (ABET) Scheme. The correct answer is alternative 3. The aim of recruitment is to create a pool of qualified candidates to fill positions in organisations. During the selection process the most suitable candidate from this pool Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 MNH202C/201/1/2009 11 Correct answer Discussion Refer to the introduction of chapter 6 in the prescribed book. will be selected. Once a suitable candidate has been appointed, he/she accepts the offer and will then commence duty. Once he/she joins the company the socialisation/orientation process will start. The correct answer is alternative 4. Refer to chapter 6 in the prescribed book. The key factor in determining the correct answer will be the job description of the receptionist. When analysing each of the alternatives it should be clear that neither options 1 nor 2 could be an option. These questions are not job-related; in fact they are discriminatory in nature and thus not suitable. Alternative 3 will not be a suitable question to ask either because this will not be part of the job description of a receptionist. Alternative 4 is the correct answer because a receptionist will probably have to deal with difficult clients on a regular basis and this question is thus relevant to the job. Question 20 The questions in Assignment 01 were based only on the first three chapters you have to study for the examination because the assignments had to be submitted early in the semester. According to the study plan we provided, you should have completed your study of these chapters by this time. This does not imply that the other chapters are not important for the examination. Assignments 02, 03 and 04 in Tutorial letter MNH202C/101/3/2009 comprise a combination of different chapters in the prescribed book. 10 CONCLUSION We trust that these guidelines are clear. Should you have any questions regarding the content of this module, please do not hesitate to contact us. All the best for Assignment 02! MNH202C Lecturers DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Unisa