UNIT 7
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1865-1900
Chapters 16, 17
Unit Objectives:
Define the condition of the US and the major problems facing the South at the end of the Civil War
Describe the condition of the newly freed slaves and indicate what problems they faced and what
efforts were made to assist them
Analyze the differences between the presidential and congressional approaches to Reconstruction
Explain how President Johnson and the white South’s handling of Reconstruction opened the door to
more radical congressional Reconstruction plans
Analyze “Radical Reconstruction” and the realities of congressional Reconstruction in the South
Describe the southern response to “Radical Reconstruction” and indicate how militant white
opposition gradually undermined the Republican attempt to empower Southern blacks
Explain why the radical Republicans impeached Johnson but failed to convict him
Evaluate the effects “redeemers,” redemption, KKK, Compromise of 1877, and Supreme Court
decisions on civil rights of freed slaves
Explain why Reconstruction failed and why it left such a bitter legacy for the future
Describe the diversity of Native American culture in the west
Discuss the causes and results of the warfare between whites and Native Americans in the West
Evaluate the development of federal policy toward Native Americans in the late 19th century
Analyze the evolution of the mining and cattle frontiers in the west
Analyze and evaluate the impact of irrigation on the west
Analyze and evaluate the impact of the railroad on the west
Describe the revolutionary changes in farming on the great plains and their effect on the west
Explain and analyze the conflict between ranchers and homesteaders in the West
Explain the impact of the closing of the frontier and the long-term significance of the frontier for
American history
Probable Essay Questions:
Compare and contrast the motivation, goals, and strategies of the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln,
Johnson and the Radical Republicans.
Compare Southern society in 1860 with that of 1877. Describe the adaptations and changes that took
place during the Civil War and Reconstruction years. Was the “New South” a very different place
after Reconstruction than it had been before the War?
How did southern and northern racial attitudes shape Reconstruction, and what effect did
Reconstruction have on race relations and the condition of blacks?
What were the reasons for the failure of congressional Reconstruction to achieve lasting civil rights
for the free-men and women?
What was the solution to the “Indian Problem”? How did Whites and the government, overcome the
resistance of the Plains Indians and what happened to the Indians after their resistance ceased?
What social, ethnic, environmental and economic factors made the trans-Mississippi West a unique
region among the successive American frontiers?
How did the unique geography of the West command unique solutions for its settlement?
How did the successive phases of mining, cattle raising, and farming each contribute to the
settlement of the West?
What factors made western farmers more efficient and productive as they were expanding their
agricultural production in the Great West?
Key Names, Events and Terms
13th Amendment –abolition of slavery
Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction
(1863)
Wade-Davis Bill (1864)
Andrew Johnson
Freedmen’s Bureau
“40 Acres and a mule”
Black Codes
Radical Republicans
Charles Sumner—State Suicide Theory
Thaddeus Stevens—Conquered Province Theory
“Swing round the circle”
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Reconstruction Act of 1867 (Military
Reconstruction)
14th Amendment—equal protection, due process
Tenure of Office Act
Impeachment/Acquittal
15th Amendment—voting rights
Force Acts (KKK Acts) (1870)
Civil Rights Act (1875)
Carpetbagger
Scalawag
Sharecropping
Ku Klux Klan
Redeemers
Amnesty Act (1872)
Compromise of 1877—end of Reconstruction
Poll Tax
Literacy Test
Grandfather Clause
Slaughter-House Case (1873)
US v. Reese (1875)
US v. Cruikshank (1876)
Civil Rights Cases (1883)
Frederick Jackson Turner
Frontier Thesis
Plains Indians
Sand Creek Massacre
Sitting Bull
Crazy Horse
George Custer
Little Big Horn
Chief Joseph
Geronimo
Helen Hunt Jackson—A Century of Dishonor
Ghost Dance
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Dawes Severalty Act (1887)
Mining Frontier
Corporate mining
Mestizos
Exodusters
Conservation Movement
John Muir
Yosemite
Yellowstone
Sierra Club
Admission of States:
Minnesota, Oregon, Kansas, Nevada,
Nebraska, Colorado, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Washington, Montana
Wyoming, Idaho, Utah
Cowboys
Riparianism vs prior appropriation
Newlands Reclamation Act (1902)
Transcontinatal Railroad
Southern Pacific
Union Pacific
Land Grants
Standard Gauge
Standard Time
Homestead Act (1862)
Sodbusters
RFD
Mechanization of Agriculture (examples)
Morrill Land Grant Act (1862)
Hatch Act (1887)
George Washington Carver
Tuskegee Institute
Cattle Kingdom Ranching frontier
Vaqueros
Long Drive
Barbed Wire
Corporate Ranching