Building Neighbourhood Third Sector
University of British Columbia
School of Social Work
and
Association of Neighbourhood House of Greater Vancouver
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
ON
THE SETTLEMENT AND NEIGHBOURHOOD HOUSE MOVEMENT
November 2008
Settlement Houses Annotated Bibliography
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This annotated bibliography is compiled by the project team of Building Neighbourhood
Third Sector: A Holistic Organizational Governance Development and Training Tool Kit.
It is made possible by the financial support of MITACS Internship and the Association
of Neighbourhood Houses of Greater Vancouver.
Team Members of the Project:
Dr. Miu Chung Yan
Associate Professor
Project Supervisor
Ms. Anna Couvouras
Project Intern (June 2008)
Ms. Jocelyn Yu
Project Intern (Nov 2007 to May 2008)
Ms. Ivy Wing In Yuen
Student Assistant
Ms. Mamie Hutt-Temaoana
Executive Director, ANHGV
Questions and suggestions regarding this bibliography, please contact Dr. Miu Chung
Yan, at the School of Social Work, University of British Columbia, 2080 West Mall,
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z3. Email miu.yan@ubc.ca.
November 2008
Settlement Houses Annotated Bibliography
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Table of Content
1. Alphabetical list with abstract
P. 1 – 29
2. Chronological index
P. 30 – 38
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Settlement Houses Annotated Bibliography
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Alphabetical List
Abel, E.K. (1979). Toynbee Hall, 1884-1914. Social Service Review, 53(4), 606-632.
Abstract: Toynbee Hall, the first settlement house, was widely imitated in
both England and the US; traces its development during a thirty-year period.
S. Barnett, founder and first warden of the settlement, had a vision of the role
of settlement residents in areas that bore a striking resemblance to the
popular ideal of a woman's function in society. Many of the first residents
shared his goals and ideals, viewing themselves as "moral guardians" of the
poor and organizing "uplifting" educational activities. After 1900, however,
many of the residents gained an understanding of the nature and extent of
poverty in an urban-industrial society, and placed less faith in personal
relationships and private philanthropy. Although retaining the elitist
assumptions that had shaped the settlement since its foundation, they shifted
their focus from elevating the poor to social investigation and reform.
Abel, E.K. (1978). Middle-class culture for the urban poor: The educational thought of
Samuel Barnett. Social Service Review, 52(4): 596-620.
Abstract: A number of comparisons can be drawn between the educational
ideas and practices of S. Barnett, founder of the first English settlement
house and those of American progressives. Barnett resembled the
progressives in his primary goal – to instil acceptable habits and attitudes in
the poor – in many of his specific remedies. He worked to expand the role of
the state in education, to provide adult education for a broad segment; to
wean the poor away from their recreations. Barnett modified many of his own
ideas about the nature and origin of poverty, but he (unlike his American
counterparts) remained contemptuous of the culture of the poor.
Addams, J. (1999). Twenty Years at Hull House: With autobiographical notes. Boston,
MA: Bedford/St. Martin’s.
Abstract: In 1889, while many Americans were disdainful of newly arrived
immigrants, Jane Addams established Hull-House as a refuge for Chicago’s
poor. The settlement house provided an unprecedented variety of social
services. Addams’s inspiring autobiography chronicles the institution’s early
years and discusses the ever-relevant philosophy of social justice that served
as its foundation.
Andrews, J. (1997). Helen Hall and the Settlement House Movement’s response to
unemployment: Reaching out to the community. Journal of Community Practice, 4(2),
65-75.
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Abstract: This paper explores the role played by the National Federation of
Settlements (NFS) in the 1920s and 1930s in response to the unemployment
crisis experienced by the U.S. worker. It specifically reviews and analyzes the
1928 Unemployment Study and Helen Hall’s work on behalf of the NFS. The
model of community outreach practiced by the settlement houses and how
they mobilized to help the unemployed is underscored.
Andrews, J.L. (1990). Female social workers in the second generation. Social Services
Abstracts, 5 (2) Summer, 46-59.
Abstract: This article explores the contribution of female social workers
during the "second generation" of the profession—from about 1920 to 1955. It
summarizes secondary data, looks at the men's takeover of social work, and
presents primary data on two outstanding women of the period—Helen Hall
and Harriett M. Bartlett.
Austin, M.J. & Betten, N. (1977). Intellectual origins of community organizing, 19201939. The Social Service Review 51(1), 155-170.
Abstract: The roots of contemporary community organization practice can be
traced to the settlement house workers and organizers of the councils of
social agencies of the early 1900s. However, the education of future
organizers should include the 'practice wisdom' found in the writings of the
organizers and educators who wrote in the 1920s and 1930s, including J. K.
Hart, E. C. Lindeman, B. A. McClenhan, W. W. Pettit, and J. F. Steiner.
Students of community organizing can be guided by the insights found in the
first textbooks and thereby gain a perspective similar to the well-documented
history of casework practice. The early manuals on community organizing
represent an important dimension of the history of social work practice.
Barbuto, D.M. (1999). American settlement houses and progressive social reform: An
encyclopedia of the American Settlement Movement. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx.
Abstract: The people and institutions of the late 19th and early 20th century
American Settlement Movement are covered in over 230 entries of this
encyclopedia. Alphabetically organized, these listings include biographical
information and important figures in the settlement house movement;
descriptions of publications and legislation associated with the movement; as
well as explanations of the relationships between the settlement movement
and religious, labour, and social movements of the time. Each entry includes
a brief bibliography to guide further research, and photographs appear
throughout to bring the movement to life.
Barbuto, D.M. (1999). The American settlement movement: A bibliography. Phoenix,
AZ: Oryx.
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Abstract: The American Settlement Movement was an influential part of the
social welfare reforms of the Progressive Era. In an era when America
became an urban industrialized nation, the development of the settlement
house was interwoven with that of the American city, and settlement workers,
living and working among the poor in the city, were in the vanguard of a wide
range of social welfare reform initiatives.
This selective bibliography covers titles providing an introduction and
overview of the American Settlement Movement. Arranged in six categories,
the titles include materials pertaining to the influence of the English
Settlement Movement on the United States, general surveys discussing the
American Settlement Movement within the context of larger reform efforts,
studies focused on the Settlement Movement, biographical titles, settlement
workers' research and case studies, and reference works. The bibliography
provides easy access to the literature of the American Settlement Movement.
Berman-Rossi, T., & Miller, I. (1994). African-Americans and the settlements during the
late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Social Work with Groups, 17(3), 7-95.
Abstract: This paper explores the encounter between African-Americans and
the settlements during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Berry, M. E. (1965). Mr. Gans Is Challenged. Social Work, 10(1),104-107.
Abstract: Readers of the article by Herbert J. Gans, "Redefining the
Settlement's Function for the War on Poverty," were told that the impact of the
settlement house movement has declined steadily, with the failure of
settlements to change their concept of their function in accordance with the
changing population of neighborhoods and their resultant failure to reach this
new population. Quite the contrary— the settlement movement has not only
survived, but has in recent times been moving forward dynamically. Readers
of the periodical "Social Work" who know the work of the 817 neighborhood
centers affiliated with the National Federation of Settlements and
Neighborhood Centers are aware of these changes. They may also know that
the settlement movement, in spite of Gans's impression of it, has been
redefining its function intensively since 1958. Gans is completely right about
the problems facing urban society, but is handicapped in making
recommendations for settlements by limited knowledge. The "three
settlements" on which he bases his case are a settlement, a local boys' dub,
and a denominational center.
Berry, M.E. (1986). One hundred years on urban frontiers: The settlement movement
1886-1986. Cleveland: United Neighbourhood Centers of America.
Bremner, R.H. (1954). Humanizing Cleveland and Toledo. American Journal of
Economics & Sociology, 13(2), 179-190.
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Abstract: The article focuses on humanizing Cleveland and Toledo in Ohio.
The hordes of immigrants who poured into Cleveland and Toledo to work in
the factories and mills disturbed the cherished Anglo-Saxon traditions of the
two Cities. The foreigners had their own notions of personal hygiene, their
own ideas of how to spend the Sabbath, and most disturbing of all, and their
own attitude toward politics. Both Cleveland and Toledo contained private
settlement houses and charity organizations staffed by trained social workers.
Their job was to instill in the Cities' new residents the ideals of thrift,
cleanliness sobriety, and self-reliance. This was called Americanization.
Perversely enough many of the immigrants seemed to prefer to acquire their
Americanization in the saloons rather than in the settlement houses and from
the ward boss and his lieutenants rather than from the social workers. The
Civic Revivalists did not blame this entirely on the depravity of the immigrant.
They believed it was the city's duty to perform the humanizing activities,
which it had previously left to private benevolent societies or to the machine
politicians.
Brown, P. (1995). Settlement houses today: Their community building role. Chapin
Hall Center for Children.
Abstract: For more than 108 years, settlement houses have been warm,
welcoming places (homes away from home) where community residents
participate in or observe cultural and recreational activities, use services such
as child care or programs for seniors, seek help for personal and family
problems, learn English and job skills, and join with others to address
community issues. For more than 75 years, United Neighborhood Houses of
New York (UNH) has worked with its member agencies to take the case to
cause, and to articulate the larger settlement house vision and mission.
Buell, B. (1928). The settlement and its foreign born neighbor. Social Forces, 7(2), 258261.
Abstract: The article focuses on the settlement movement in the U.S. Almost
from its beginning the settlement movement in the U.S. has found itself
surrounded by a constituency representing mixed racial groups, European
traditions and varying cultural backgrounds. This has not only made more
difficult the projection of a standard neighborhood program, but in later years
has directly involved the movement in the general discussion of immigrant
education, Americanization and those other vague phrases which, serve to
recognize that the foreign born residents in their new environment have
problems of adjustment differing from those of longer residence. Settlement
leaders have on the whole assumed that their general program of clubs,
athletics, educational classes, and health work, contributed to the effort to
solve these problems of adjustment. They recognize the need, however, of a
clearer definition of these problems and a more definite outline of practical
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activities on which a neighborhood house should focus if it intends
consciously to meet them. Some of the settlement house aspects of the
adjustment of foreign speaking neighbors have been considered.
Carlton-LaNey, I. (1994). The career of Birdye Henrietta Haynes, a pioneer settlement
house worker. Social Service Review, 68(2), 254-273.
Abstract: The article tells the story of Birdye Henrietta Haynes (1886-1922),
a little-known black social welfare pioneer. Haynes was the first black to
graduate from the Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy and was the
head worker at prominent social settlements in Chicago and New York. She
was a professionally trained settlement house worker when she assumed the
leadership role at Chicago's Wendell Phillips Settlement and later at New
CahpYork's Lincoln House. Set identity within a strictly segregated social
system. Her career path was narrowly shaped by the constraints of racial
segregation, which was reinforced and legitimated by all who surrounded her.
In retrospect, the young reformer, Birdye Henrietta Haynes, entered and
worked within an extremely complex system. The ability to conduct herself
professionally and to maintain a sense of self-worth was in itself a worthy
accomplishment. The fact that genuine support systems were virtually
nonexistent further complicated her professional roles. Haynes recognized
her isolation and described herself as one who stood at the head of the firing
line in the thickest of the fight to acquire territory. Haynes's race, education,
training, and skill as a settlement house worker placed her within a unique
historical context in the emerging profession of social work.
Carson, M. (1990). Settlement folk: Social thought and the American settlement
movement, 1885-1930. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Abstract: Mina Carson deftly merges social and intellectual history to
reconsider the settlement movement—its Anglo-American roots and
evolution, its conflicts and accomplishments. Carson focuses her study on
the careers and ideas of settlement founders and leaders, among them Jane
Addams, Robert Woods, Mary Simkhovitch, Lillian Wald, and Graham Taylor.
She demonstrates how these influential, often charismatic leaders
appropriated and adapted certain Victorian values—such as the Social
Gospel and the religion of character—to their visions of urban reform through
action and experimentation. These extraordinary individuals left an enduring
legacy of beliefs about professional and voluntary responsibility for welfare
services. As Carson shows, however, their genius for image creation and
their myriad connections with other intellectual and social leaders extended
the influence of the settlement ideology in many directions: fostering new
attitudes toward the American city and the equality of the sexes, initiating a
new social-scientific approach to social problems, and shaping the selfdefinition of the American educated middle class.
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Carter, G.W. (1963). What is the future focus for settlements? Social Work, 8(2), 41-47.
Abstract: This article presents information on the charting of aims of social
welfare agencies in the voluntary field which is less certain than for
governmental services, because financing is more unpredictable. Availability
of money, either public or private, is a strong indication of general interest in
and values about welfare services. As concern about reforms in public
welfare continues, the general public, as well as government officials, is
finding out that the front-line agencies for these clients are the settlements.
This has also been true for projects on delinquency, multiproblem families,
and similar problems for which the community demands that something be
done. A favorable climate exists today for public understanding about the
objectives and services of settlement houses. From this new interest, one
serious problem to face is whether we can produce the changes that are
expected in our neighborhoods of clients. Past experience will help, but the
challenge of the next several years will lie heavily on what the settlements
are able to do in upgrading staff, specialized training, and keeping up with the
new knowledge available.
Chesler, E. (1996). “Back to the Future”: Reviving the settlement house as
neighbourhood social service center. In J. Vitullo-Martin (Ed.), Breaking Away: The
Future of Cities (pp.121-134). New York, NY: The Twentieth Century Fund Press.
Crocker, R.H. (1992). Social work and social order: The settlement movement in two
industrial cities, 188-1930. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Davis, A.F. (1967). Spearheads for reform: The social settlements and the progressive
movement 1890-1914. New York: Oxford University Press.
Abstract: Focusing on the major settlements in New York, Chicago, and
Boston, the author recounts his activities in a series of broadly defined areas
(education, labour, politics) and documents their prominence in the clusters of
reform campaigns associated with the “progressive movement”. This book is
full of detailed narratives and statistics.
Elshtain, J.B. (2001). Jane Addams and the social claim. The Public Interest, 145, 8292.
Abstract: At her death in 1935, Jane Addams was America's best known &
most widely hailed women. However, after her death, she was soon forgotten,
as New Deal-era welfare programs soon supplanted the settlement-house
movement that she had pioneered. Here, what she had to offer is
reconsidered in light of the apparent shortcomings of the welfare state. What
the critics have had to say about her is detailed. It is noted that she was an
ameliorist. Social feminism was an offshoot of her ideology. Her Hull House
was a place for people to mingle & to get to understand each other, as well as
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a refuge, a support, & a provider of the orientation needed to be an American
citizen. Since the lessons she tried to teach must be relearned with each
generation, it is time that her ideology be remembered for the work of culture
that it was.
Estes, R.J. (1997). Social work, social development, and community welfare centers in
international perspective. International Social Work, 40(1): 43-55.
Abstract: Community welfare centers are among the most dynamic social
institutions worldwide. Through their commitment to locality-based
intervention, community centers keep people at the center of development. In
doing so, they provide an institutional link between governments, people, and
various coalitions of private stakeholders that make up the communities in
which they are located. Community centers also engage in a broad range of
social change activities, including advocacy with and on behalf of the
community for reform of the underlying social, political, and economic
conditions that undermine human dignity. Throughout the world, social
workers serve as the primary professional leaders of a highly effective
community centers movement.
Farmer, R. & Walsh, J. (1999). Living room assessment. Journal of Community Practice,
6(4), 79-94.
Abstract: Community living room programs, initially developed as part of the
settlement house movement, strive to maintain a safe and welcoming
atmosphere for clients with basic needs who can then be linked to concrete
services. These rare programs do not generally include formal intake and
termination criteria and are thus difficult to assess by quantitative means.
Here, the Community Oriented Programs Environment Scale is used to
perform a social climate assessment of a living room program at an urban
homeless shelter (N = 166 members and 35 staff) in Richmond, VA. The
agency board and staff were concerned that expanding numbers of clientele
might deter potential and current members from participation and thus defeat
the program's major purpose. Social climate perceptions of staff and
members underpin recommendations for agency program adjustments. This
type of evaluation has implications for macropractice in determining whether
nontraditional programs can be shown to meet certain human needs that
complement those addressed by the broader social service system.
Fisher, R. & Fabricant, M.B. (2002). Settlement houses under siege: The struggle to
sustain community organizations in New York city. New York: Columbia University
Press.
Abstract: Settlement Houses Under Siege examines the past, present, and
future of the settlement house in particular and nonprofit community-based
services as a whole. Too often viewed as an artifact of the Progressive era,
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the settlement house remains today, in a variety of guises, a vital instrument
capable of strengthening the social capital of impoverished communities. Yet
is has been under attack in recent years, particularly in New York City.
Fabricant and Fisher offer a ground-level exploration of developing and
implementing a service-based community-building agenda in a hostile climate.
Community building, they argue, will be the most important social service
work of the twenty-first century. Drawing on more than one hundred
interviews with directors and staff members of social service and nonprofit
agencies throughout New York City, Settlement Houses Under Siege makes
the case for a holistic view of the structural pressures confronting poor
communities. This view seeks not only to reposition the idea of social service
ad revision social assets in a conservative age but also to pose important
questions about broader civic life.
Fisher, R. & Fabricant, M. (2002). From Henry street to contracted services: Financing
the settlement house. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 29(3), 3-27.
Abstract: This article tracks historically the direct connection and shifting
relationship between the larger political economy, the extent and arrangement
of financing, and agency programming in the settlement house from 1886 to
the present, with particular attention to agency experience in New York City.
During this time the settlements changed from being informal organizations
oriented to service provision and community building, in which funding was a
highly private matter, to formalized, multi-service agencies dependent on
contracted public funds for categorical programs. This transformation resulted
not as a linear progression of organizational development but rather as an
historical process tied to shifting patterns of political economy and voluntary
sector financing.
Fisher, R. & Fabricant, M. & Simmons, L. (2004). Understanding contemporary
University-Community Connections: Context, Practice, and Challenges. Journal of
Community Practice 12(3-4), 13-34.
Abstract: This article contextualizes the contemporary phenomenon of
university-community partnership initiatives. Because changes in the
university must always be understood in context, recent efforts to build and
strengthen relationships between institutions of higher education and
communities must be situated in the broader social sites that produce them.
To that end the article surveys the university-community intersect through an
historical lens which emphasizes the relationship between the larger politicaleconomy and civic engagement efforts. Subsequently, types of contemporary
initiatives are broadly and selectively discussed. Lastly, challenges to both
universities and communities embodied in the current initiatives are posed.
Forte, J.A. (1991). Operating a member-employing therapeutic business as part of an
alternative mental health center. Health and Social Work, 16(3),213-223.
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Abstract: The promises of the deinstitutionalization movement have not been
kept for unemployed chronically mentally ill persons. Social work's reform
spirit and rich settlement house tradition can serve as the foundation for
creative community support programs. A case study is presented of a
nonprofit therapeutic membership-run business for the mentally ill inspired by
the early settlement workers. Details are provided regarding: the goals of
therapeutic businesses; the mechanics of recruiting, training, and retaining
successful work teams; useful strategies for addressing business and
membership difficulties; the application of group work practice theory to a
business venture; and the values of cooperative employment for enhancing
community life. Social workers are challenged to assume greater leadership
in developing and implementing multipurpose employment programs for the
chronically mentally ill.
Gans, H.J. (1964). Redefining the settlements function for the war on poverty. Social
Work 9(4), 3-12.
Abstract: Almost a hundred years have passed since the settlement house
was founded in the U.S. as part of an earlier generation's attempt to do
something to remove the deprivations of urban poverty. This paper examines
the role of the settlement house today, and the contribution it has made-and
can make-to the attack on urban poverty. The settlement house, like most
other helping professions, is currently going through a fundamental and often
agonizing reappraisal of its functions, an important part of which concerns its
ability to reach the client. By "reaching" is meant involving the client in the
settlement program and encouraging him to develop values and behavior
patterns favored by the settlement staff. These professions emerged out of
nineteenth-century reform movements, set up by middle- and upper-class
"Yankee" Americans who not only wanted to do something about urban
poverty, but also hoped to make the then ethnic poor into middle-class
Americans and allies against corrupt political machines and incipient socialist
organizations.
Greenstone, J.D. (1979). Dorothea Dix and Jane Addams: From transcendentalism to
pragmatism in American social reform. Social Service Review, 53(4) 527-559.
Abstract: Examined are the contributions of D. Dix & J. Addams to US social
reform in terms of the political and ultimately philosophical commitments of
US culture. As social reformers, both Dix and Addams belong to one side of
a basic bipolarity in US liberalism, in which their common concern with
cultural standards and individual self-development sharply divides them from
a more self-regarding concern with maximizing individual & group interests.
The differences between the two women reflect Addams’ (and the settlementhouse movement’s) response to the transformation of antebellum America
into an industrialized and culturally pluralistic society. In particular, these
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differences closely parallel the transition from the moral certainty and self
reliance of R.W. Emerson’s transcendentalism to the collective action and
moral inquiry of J. Dewey’s pragmatism.
Gulati, P. & Guest, G. (1990). The community-centered model: A garden-variety
approach or a radical transformation of community practice? Social Work, 35(1), 63.
Abstract: Some of the most exciting and innovative developments in
community practice have taken place recently not in Chicago or New York,
but across the border, in Quebec, Canada. The Local Community Service
Centers there evoke comparisons with both the settlement houses of the 19th
century and the community action programs of the 1960s. They also
incorporate features that are unique to Quebec. Although they vary
considerably among themselves, they share a distinctive philosophy and
organizational framework. The use of multidisciplinary teams and social and
community networks, user participation in policy and service delivery, and
egalitarianism in the workplace are features of this model. Also, the Local
Community Service Centers are based on the concepts of universality and
prevention. This research, carried out over a 2-year period, including
interviews with people closely identified with the Local Community Service
Centers, provides an overview of the community centered model and its
implementation.
Halpern, R. (1995). Rebuilding the inner city: A history of neighbourhood initiatives to
address poverty in the United States. Columbia University Press.
Abstract: This study charts the history of neighbourhood-based initiatives in
the USA to illuminate the enduring dilemmas and contradictions in American
governments' efforts to eradicate poverty. The author argues that these
initiatives divert attention from broader social inequities.
Hargrove, G.P. (1993). Neighborhood center perspectives on community service
learning. Equity and Excellence in Education, 26(2), 35-40.
Abstract: Reviews the history of a settlement house, Friendly House Inc,
founded in Worcester, MA, in 1920, with focus on its more recent experience
as a placement organization for students from the University Year for Action
Program. Emphasized is the ability of the organization to bring physical,
economic, social, political, and informational resources into the neighborhood,
acting as a bridge between residents and centralized organizations. In
particular, the success of its Project of Alternatives in Community Education
provides a number of pointers to community service organizations: eg, the
need to maintain a spirit of flexibility in planning individual programs, and to
adapt both content and methods to the needs of the community.
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Hasson, S., & Ley, D. (1994). Neighbourhood organizations and the welfare state.
Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Abstract: According to Hasson and Ley, the protest movements of the 1960s
began a new era of urban politics evident today in the range and diversity of
neighbourhood organizations. In this comparative study, the authors identify
and explore four distinct types of neighbourhood organizations by pairing four
neighbourhoods in Vancouver with four in Jerusalem. Each organizational
type represents a different phase of the emergent welfare state and each is
characterized by its distinctive ideologies, strategies, and relations with
government. Hasson and Ley argue that political geography at the
neighbourhood level is both diverse and complex, but that it does follow
identifiable patterns. The four typologies presented are ratepayers’ groups,
paternalistic associations, protest organizations, and groups characterized by
cooperative ventures with the state. Canada and Israel provide ideal
comparative settings. Both are relatively new nations absorbing large
immigrant populations and both are engaged in building welfare states within
democratic/capitalist frameworks. At the same time, their obvious differences
foreground the roles of culture, national history, and personal leadership in
the formation of neighbourhood organizations. The authors draw on
interviews and documentation to present a detailed case study of each
neighbourhood organization, exploring its history, individual characteristics,
impact on urban life, and interaction with the state. This rich and complex
study offers basic reading for urbanists, community planners, and social and
political scientists. The authors provide a detailed review of relevant literature
and make a strong contribution to both theory and fieldwork in their discipline.
Hawkins, J.W., Lucas, J., Matteson, P.S., Veeder, N.W. & Pearce, C.W. (2001).
Community health centers in the settlement house tradition: Hope for today’s urban Ills.
Issues in Interdisciplinary Care, 3(4), 262-269.
Abstract: As sociological phenomena, community health centers are
fascinating squares in the patchwork quilt of a city. They offer interesting
models to contemplate in addressing the problems of U.S. cities. In this article,
we will explore the historical roots of settlement houses & compare & contrast
the evolutionary path of community health centers. Using exemplars of these
centers illustrating a settlement house model, we will examine their potential
for assisting in the healing process for our cities.
Haynes, D.T. & White, B.W. (1999). Will the "Real" Social Work Please Stand Up? A
Call to Stand for Professional Unity. Social Work, 44(4), 385-391.
Abstract: Argues that the social work principles of the Charity Organization
Society; the social justice principles of the settlement house movement must
be reconciled to foster professional unity in social work. Professional social
work was created by the merger of the two movements. However, the Charity
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Organization Society was founded on the principle of personal responsibility;
caring, while the settlement house movement emphasized social
responsibility and the promotion of a just society. Over the next 100 years, the
social work profession should emphasize professional unity, service for those
in need, diversity in the profession, community engagement.
Hillman, A. (1960). Neighbourhood centres today: Action program for a rapidly
changing world. New York: National Federation of Settlements and Neighbourhood
Centres.
Hirota, J.M., Brown, P., Mallard, W. & Richman, H. (1997). Pathways to change:
Settlement houses and the strengthening of community. Chicago: The Chaplin Hall
Center for Children at the University of Chicago.
Hiroto, J. M., Brown, P., & Martin, N. (1997). Building community: The tradition and
promise of settlement houses. New York, NY: United Neighbourhood Houses of New
York.
Abstract: This report explores the contemporary focus on community building
through four case studies. Each case provides a detailed loo at a particular
community-building effort, including discussions of its history, implementation
and place within the settlement and larger community.
Holden, A.C. (1922). The settlement idea: A vision of social justice. New York: The
Macmillan Company.
Husock, H. (1993). Bringing back the settlement house: Settlements see poor people
as citizens, not clients. Public Welfare, 51(4), 16-26.
Abstract: Discusses the social settlement movement in the United States.
Ability to fit in with social welfare trends; historical background; core aspects;
enduring characteristics of the settlement movement; approaches used by
settlement houses to help the poor; prospects for a settlement revival and
government’s role.
Irving, A., Parsons, H. & Belamy, D. (Eds.) (1995). Neighbours: Three social
settlements in downtown Toronto. Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press Inc.
Abstract: The book’s title understates the scope of the text. With Harriet
Parson’s historical reach from the latter part of the nineteenth century,
through to Allan Irving’s analysis of the current role of social settlements,
there is a panorama that goes far beyond the few wards of Toronto’s
downtown area.
James, C. (2001). Reforming reform: Toronto’s settlement house movement, 1900-20.
Canadian Historical Review, 82(1), 55-90.
Settlement Houses Annotated Bibliography
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Abstract: In 1902 Sara Libby Carson established the first settlement house in
Toronto. A decade later her pioneer institution, Evangelia House, had been
joined by six other settlements, and the city's settlement movement was born.
This study explores the activities of Toronto's first generation of settlement
workers, and attempts to show how a larger, international debate between
proponents of this movement and advocates of "conventional" charitable
approaches can help us to understand the settlement ideology and practice.
Settlement activists in Toronto articulated an important critique of most reform
work undertaken in Canada at the turn of the century, a critique that emerged
both in their public affirmations and in settlement praxis. This article sets out
to explore the critique and to examine the movements' strengths, limitations,
and impact on social reform. It argues, ultimately, that in the first two decades
of this century the settlement movement helped to reform social reform in
Toronto.
Jacobson, W.B. (2001). Beyond therapies: Bringing social work back to human
services reform. Social Work, 46(1), 51- 61.
Abstract: Based on field interviews in a Chicago community development
corporation and settlement houses in New York City and St. Louis, as well as
interviews with leading social services innovators and social work educators,
this article explores the intersection of current social work practice and human
services innovation. The article offers a rationale and a blueprint for a
reorientation of social work’s “helping relationship,” reviews a number of
promising innovations and strategies that may help the profession make this
reorientation operational, and explores forces restraining as well as driving
such change.
Johnson, C. (1995). Strength in community: An introduction to the history and impacts
of the international settlement movement. Derby: International Federation of Settlement
and Neighbourhood Centres.
Johnson, M.A. (1989). The many faces of Hull-House: The photographs of Wallace
Kirkland. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Karger, H.J. (1987). Minneapolis settlement houses in the “Not so Roaring 20’s
Americanization, Morality, And the Revolt Against Popular Culture. Journal of Sociology
& Social Welfare, 14(2), 89-110.
Abstract: The article traces the theoretical and ideological development of
the Minneapolis settlement house community during the 1920's. As such, the
article examines the social control function of Minneapolis settlements
through their emphasis on Americanization, morality, the concepts of
neighborhood and democracy, and the role of domestic politics within the
settlement community. The article also explores the dialectical relationship
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between the social control function of Minneapolis settlement houses and the
altruistic motives of settlement workers.
Kennedy, A.J. (1953) The settlement heritage. From a speech made in 1953 for the
National Conference of Social Work.
Koerin, B. (2003). The settlement house traditions: Current trends and future concerns.
Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 30(2), 53-68.
Abstract: The settlement tradition represents a comprehensive approach
that “strengthens individual and neighborhood assets, and builds collective
capacity to address community problems” (Hirota, Brown, & Martin, 1996, p. i).
While there is a rich literature on the history of the settlement movement,
there is little information about contemporary settlement houses. This paper
reports findings of a national survey of settlement houses/neighbourhood
centers that provide information about programs and services offered,
populations served, unmet community needs, and policies or trends that
contribute to or respond to these needs.
Kraus, A., & Chaudry, A. (1995). The settlement house initiative: Merging head start
and daycare in New York. Public Welfare, 16-25.
Abstract: Summarizes the planning, implementation and results of a child
development project in settlement houses in New York City, which merges
the Head Start and daycare programs. Prospects for replications; Application
of the lessons learned in child development in other service reform projects.
Landers, S. (1998, January). Settlement houses survive – and thrive. NASW News.
Washington, DC: NASW Press, 3.
Lasch, C. (ed). (1965). The social thought of Jane Addams. The American Heritage
Series. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill Co.
Lasch-Quinn, E. (1993). Black neighbors: Race and the limits of reform in the American
settlement house movement, 1890-1945. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North
Carolina Press.
Abstract: Professing a policy of cultural and social integration, the American
settlement house movement made early progress in helping immigrants
adjust to life in American cities. However, when African Americans migrating
from the rural South in the early twentieth century began to replace white
immigrants in settlement environs, most houses failed to redirect their efforts
toward their new neighbors. Nationally, the movement did not take a
concerted stand on the issue of race until after World War II.
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In "Black Neighbors," Elisabeth Lasch-Quinn analyzes this reluctance of the
mainstream settlement house movement to extend its programs to African
American communities, which, she argues, were assisted instead by a variety
of alternative organizations. Lasch-Quinn recasts the traditional definitions,
periods, and regional divisions of settlement work and uncovers a vast
settlement movement among African Americans. By placing community work
conducted by the YWCA, black women's clubs, religious missions, southern
industrial schools, and other organizations within the settlement tradition, she
highlights their significance as well as the mainstream movement's failure to
recognize the enormous potential in alliances with these groups. Her analysis
fundamentally revises our understanding of the role that race has played in
American social reform.
Lauer, S. & Yan, M.C. (2008). Neighbourhood Houses and Bridging Social Ties. The
Metropolis British Columbia Working Paper Series. BC: Metropolis British Columbia,.
Lauer, S. & Yan, M.C., (In Press). Voluntary association involvement and immigrant
network diversity. International Migration.
Abstract:
Lissak, R. S. (1989). Pluralism & progressives: Hull House and the new immigrants,
1890-1919. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Abstract: The settlement house movement, launched at the end of the
nineteenth century by men and women of the upper middle class, began as
an attempt to understand and improve the social conditions of the working
class. It gradually came to focus on the "new immigrants"—mainly Italians,
Slavs, Greeks, and Jews—who figured so prominently in this changing
working class. Hull House, one of the first and best-known settlement houses
in the United States, was founded in September 1889 on Chicago's West
Side by Jane Addams and Ellen G. Starr. In a major new study of this famous
institution and its place in the movement, Rivka Shpak Lissak reassesses the
impact of Hull House on the nationwide debate over the place of immigrants
in American society.
Lundblad, K.S. (1995). Jane Addams and social reform: A role model for the 1990s.
Social Work, 40 (5), 661-669.
Abstract: In 1889 Jane Addams established Hull-House in Chicago, one of
the first settlement houses in the United States. Addams's work led to social
reforms from the early 1900s through the New Deal that helped change social
welfare and social work. As political and philosophical influences changed the
direction of social work in the 1920s, social reform became less important.
This article reviews Addams's life and her work at Hull-House. Her method
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and role in social reform can provide a role model for social workers in the
1990s.
Marks, E.M. (1993). Settlement houses today: A public-private collaboration. Public
Welfare 51(4), 24.
Abstract: This article reports that many American cities are currently
undertaking the redevelopment of their central business districts and
secondary core areas. Several of these cities presently plan to expand the
business, commercial, industrial, and civic activities of the central city.
Directors and executive boards are already concerned about the eventual
decline of the population they serve. They recognize that ultimately they will
either have to shut down or relocate their physical plant or else find some way
periodically to return the removed population they serve to the present site. If
the present settlement house is in poor physical repair it will probably be
condemned and demolished in accordance with the planned needs of the city.
Settlements, are urged to establish close ties with the city planning agency in
order to be appraised of projected plans and in order to contribute to the
planning process itself. Settlement directors would do well to avail themselves
of the assistance they can secure in developing a program for their
evacuation and relocation, if the broader city plans ultimately warrant such
drastic action.
McArthur, A.A. (1993). Community partnership – A formula for neighbourhood
regeneration in the 1990s? Community Development Journal, 28(4), 305-315.
Abstract: The direct involvement of local communities in urban regeneration
initiatives is an emerging theme of the 1990s. The paper sets out some of the
main characteristics of contemporary community participation in Britain and
argues that developing effective forms of participation which give local
communities real influence over decision making will not be easy. Some of
the main issues and dilemmas which are likely to be faced are highlighted
along with some practical advice for parties involved.
McCullagh, J.G. (1993). The roots of school social work in New York City. Journal of
School Social Work, 6(1-2), 49-74.
Abstract: The visiting teacher movement is traced from its inception in New
York City in 1905 to approximately 1913, when the New York Board of
Education employed its first visiting teachers. The initial impetus came from
settlement house residents who experimented with different approaches to
helping the immigrant child in the home, the community, and the school. The
movement, begun and led by women, and with the support of the Public
Education Assoc, pioneered a new approach that had grown into an important
social work field of practice. Understanding the roots of school social work
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may offer contemporary practitioners a sense of identity -- rootedness -- and
insights as the profession faces the challenges of the 21st century.
Meagham, S. (1987). Toynbee hall and social reform 1880-1914: The search for
community. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Menlo, E.M. (1993). Settlement houses today: A public-private collaboration. Public
Welfare, 24-25.
Abstract: Discusses the need for consolidation between the private and
public sectors for the effective management of settlement houses in New
York. Results of the 1991 United Neighborhood Houses of New York study of
New York City settlement houses; Task force to determine obstacles to
effective service delivery; Shared vision between participating agencies;
Integration of services in three pilot settlements.
Miller-Evans, J. (1989). Preventing the common toothache: Jane Addams' philosophy of
Social Work. Jewish Social Work Forum, 25, 50-57.
Abstract: This paper explicates three issues: Jane Addams and her
involvement in the settlement movement, the two philosophies of social work
operating at the turn of the century, and the influence of these two
philosophies on social work today. Jane Addams advocated a philosophy of
social work based on the settlement house movement which is contrasted to
the philosophy of the Charity Organization movement.
Mishne, J.M. (1993). Dilemmas in provision of urban mental health services for latency
age children. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 10(4),
271-287.
Abstract: Argues that a comprehensive school-based mental health program
should be national policy. Providing access, coordination, and collaboration of
social services and improving the bleak situation facing overburdened mental
health workers, such a program could help reduce problems such as the
increasing seriousness and numbers of cases and the blurring of lines
between different types of services (mental health, child protection, substance
abuse). School is the best location to reach latency-aged children and is
nonstigmatizing; parents and teachers can also be helped. Services ranging
from drug abuse treatment to cultural activities could be linked based on the
old settlement-house model. Other programs might include family
preservation efforts, acquired immune deficiency syndrome education, and
teams promoting vocational skills and self-esteem
Mock, C. (1931). The trend of settlement activities toward school use. Social Forces,
9(4), 532-534.
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Abstract: The author does not suppose the average head of the social
settlement would consider his plant and equipment complete unless it
included a gymnasium and auditorium or large room with a stage, and a
playground, all of proper size and in good condition. Whether the idea of
using the public schools originated with the settlement house executives or
was suggested by the development of the school community center activities
the author does not know, but that idea has been adopted in Cleveland with
the result that last year eight settlements were using the facilities of the
schools. There have been other limitations upon the use of schools by the
settlement houses. Except for enterprises conducted jointly with the day
schools, the buildings have only been available to the settlement houses late
in the afternoon and in the evening; they have been closed on Saturdays,
Sundays, and holidays and during vacation periods. These are some of the
limitations and difficulties experienced by settlements located conveniently
near to the school buildings whose gymnasiums, auditoriums or playgrounds
they were using. However, as the settlement houses are located for the most
part in the older districts of the city where most of the schools have no
gymnasiums or auditoriums and in many cases inadequate playgrounds or
school yards some of them have not been able to use the school buildings at
all.
Moore, L.S. (2001). Lessons from the past: Developing allegiances for the future.
Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work, 7(1), 1-15.
Abstract: This article analyzes linkages among the 60 Settlement House
workers and other white and African American leaders of the Progressive Era
who signed “The Call” a media statement calling for aid for African Americans
in 1908 that eventually led to development of the NAACP. The analysis
demonstrates the value of linkage and shared resources for success of social
movements during the Progressive Era. This article applies the discussion to
issues facing social work today.
Perlmutter, F.D. & Yanay, U. (1990). Updating the settlement house: A model for
developing nations. The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 10(1), 7180.
Abstract: The English settlement house movement is proposed as a model
providing for expanding urban populations in developing countries.
Characteristics of private English settlement houses in the late nineteenth
century are described, & Israeli government settlement houses are used as
an example for implementation in other countries, based on a case study of
130 such houses and on interviews with experts in the field. The adaptation of
the Israeli model to developing nations is discussed & several
recommendations are made.
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Polacheck, A.S. (1989). I came a stranger: The story of a Hull-House girl. Urbana:
University of Illinois Press.
Poole, D.L. & Colby, I.C. (2002). Do public neighborhood centers have the capacity to
be instruments of change in human services? Social Work, 47(2), 142-152.
Peterson, J.H., Lauderdale, M.L., & Bard, R. (1971). Neighbourhood centers and
service delivery systems. Washington, DC: Education, Training, and Research
Sciences Corp.
Ramey, J. H. (1992). Group work practice in neighborhood centers today. Social Work
with Groups, 15(2/3), 193-206.
Reid, K.E. (1978). The use of groups in Social Work: A Historical Perspective. Arete,
5(1), 37-47.
Abstract: Social group work is considered from a historical perspective with
recognition given to its early roots, present trends, and possible future.
Influences such as the settlement movement, recreation movement, and
youth leadership movements are discussed. Recent influences on the
development of group work are noted, with special attention given to the
encounter movement, sociobehavioral theory, and game theory. The future
will probably see a move toward peer helping groups, focused on helping
individuals deal with specific life crises, increasing use of the group approach
in general, and a return to the settlement house concept, with the community
school as the focal point.
Reinders, R.C. (1982). Toynbee Hall and the American Settlement Movement. Social
Service Review, 56(1), 39-54.
Abstract: Toynbee Hall in Great Britain and similar settlement houses in the
US had their origins in largely college educated men and women who were
concerned with the conditions of the urban poor. They saw in the settlement
house an opportunity to share their lives and culture with the poor and to allay
the dangers of class struggle. Toynbee Hall, founded in 1885, served as a
direct impetus to the pioneer settlement houses in the US. Americans imitated
its form and many of its practices, but the circumstances of American life led
to significant changes to the British model. By 1900, the US movement had
dwarfed its British predecessors, and international leadership passed to US
settlement-house officials.
Rose, E. (1994). From sponge cake to Hamentashen: Jewish identity in a Jewish
settlement house, 1885-1952. Journal of American Ethnic History, 13(3), 3, 21.
Abstract: Explores the evolution of Jewish identity within a Jewish settlement
house. Expression of Jewish identity at neighborhood center; Young
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Women's Union as an Americanizing agency for Jewish immigrants;
Differences between the settlement workers and East European clients on
religious observance; Continuation of power gain by immigrants within the
city's Jewish establishment
Schwartz, A. (1999). Americanization and cultural preservation in Seattle’s
settlement house: A Jewish adaptation of the Anglo-American model of
settlement work. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 26(3), 25-47).
Rousmaniere, J.P. (1970). Cultural hybrid in the slums: The college woman and the
settlement house, 1889 – 1894. American Quarterly, 22(1), 45-66.
Abstract: Students of American culture have, since Tocqueville, celebrated
this country’s voluntary associations. We have long praised the large
numbers, active programs and enthusiasm of political parties and pressure
groups, philanthropies and professional organizations, athletic and alumni
clubs. But the students concerned with social history rather than historical
sociology, with change and process rather than statics, must admit that his
fellows rarely consider the key question of origins with the same care they
use in their descriptions of the activities of mature associations. Certainly, this
student exclaims, the latter is important, but is it not at least equally valuable
for an understanding of changing norms and values to understand why an
organization was founded at a precise moment in American cultural
development? This study of the origins of the first womens’ (and first
successfulO settlement organization in the United States was stimulated by
just that questions, rephrased in this manner: why did a particular group of
women found a strikingly unique philanthropic organization in 1889? The
answer has important implications, specifically about the impact of changes in
women’s higher education in the Gilded Age and more generally, about the
link between social marginality and organizational structure.
Schwartz, A. (1999). Americanization and cultural preservation in Seattle’s settlement
house: A Jewish adaptation of the Anglo-American model of settlement work. Journal of
Sociology and Social Welfare, 26(3), (25-47).
Abstract: Examines the dual agendas of Americanization and preservation of
Ashkenazic Jewish culture through a historical analysis of the work of
Seattle's (WA) Settlement House, a social service center founded in 1906 by
elite, Americanized Jews to serve poorer, immigrant Jews of Ashkenazic and
Sephardic origin. The analysis is set against the ideological backdrop of
Anglo-Americanism that pervaded the field of social work in its early efforts at
self-definition and professionalization. Particular attention is paid to the role of
the arts at Settlement House, with comparisons to Chicago's (IL) Hull House,
the prototypical US settlement operating at the turn of the century. This case
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study analyzes a German Jewish adaptation of an Anglo American, Christian
model of social work.
Segal, S. & Baumohl, J. (1985). The community living room. Social Casework, 66 (2),
111-116.
Abstract: This article describes a program called the "community living room"
after one of its principal functions, which is to provide a place for the easy
socializing from which help often derives. To the authors' knowledge, no
program exactly like it exists anywhere; the community living room is a
composite of programs that have been visited and studied by the authors and
those in which they have worked. It is also the product of imagination,
informed by years of research and practice with the chronically mentally ill,
street people, and the homeless and poor in general. The existing program
that is perhaps closest to this ideal is Berkeley Support Services in Berkeley,
California, but there are doubtless others of a similar nature. The goal here is
to be useful rather than original. The program envisioned is one that serves
as an effective link between society's Byzantine system of formal aid and
those individuals who are in serious need of assistance but whose tolerance
of protocol is severely limited. That this program owes much to settlement
houses, runaway centers, hotel outposts, street work agencies and other
programs should be obvious and is gratefully acknowledged.
Shapiro, E.S. (1978). Robert A. Woods and the settlement house impulse. Social
Service Review, 52(2), 215-226.
Abstract: The South End House, established in 1891, was Boston’s first
social settlement house. Its founding & early history reflected the dismay of
Boston’s intellectual, social, and religious elite regarding the city’s growing
cultural heterogeneity and the increasing potential for ethnice and religious
conflict and communial disintegration. Its primary goal of restoring communal
harmony was conservative and resulted in part from the nostalgic feelings for
the small New England town of Boston’s leadership, which hoped the South
End House could become an Ur counterpart of the New England town
meeting hall. The South End House, by attempting to become the focus for
the social and communal loyalties of the South End’s inhabitants, initially was
viewed with great suspicion by the Roman Catholic church. Its emphasis on
social reconciliation and the restoration of a sense of community were popular
themes among America intellectuals of the late nineteenth & early twentieth
centuries.
Sklar, K. K. (1985). Hull house in the 1890s: A community of women reformers. Signs,
10(4), 658-677.
Abstract: What were the sources of women's political power in the United
States in the decades before they could vote? How did women use the
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political powei they were able to muster? This essay attempts to answer
these questions by examining one of the most politically effective groups of
women reformers in U.S. history-those who assembled in Chicago in the early
1890s at Hull House, one of the nation's first social settlements, founded in
1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr. Within that group, this study
focuses on the reformer Florence Kelley (1859-1932). Kelley joined Hull
House in 1891 and remained until 1899, when she moved to Lillian Wald's
Henry Street Settlement on the Lower East Side of New York, where she
lived for the next twenty-seven years. According to Felix Frankfurter, Kelley
"had probably the largest single share in shaping the social history of the
United States during the first thirty years of this century," for she played "a
powerful if not decisive role in securing legislation for the removal of the most
glaring abuses of our hectic industrialization following the Civil War."' It was in
the 1890s that Kelley and her colleagues at Hull House developed the
patterns of living and thinking that guided them throughout their lives of
reform, leaving an indelible imprint on U.S. politics.' This essay attempts to
determine the extent to which their political power and activities flowed from
their collective life as coresidents and friends and the degree to which this
power was attributable to their close affiliation with male reformers and male
institutions.
Southwick, P.C., & Thackeray, M.G. (1969). The concept of culture in the neighborhood
center. Social Casework 50(7), 385-388.
Abstract: The article discusses the concept of culture in the neighborhood
center. It states that the role of culture in determining the social functioning of
the individual and the group has long received recognition in the settlement
house movement. In order to gain a full understanding of the individual and
his values, motivations and adjustments, the social worker must first
understand that larger part of him, culture that is learned both consciously
and unconsciously through experience. Knowledge of such factors makes it
possible for the worker to penetrate the social and personality systems of the
client and thus help him to improve his social functioning as an individual or
as a member of a group. The need for a practical understanding of culture at
the grassroots level is, perhaps, most evident in community settlements.
Positive feelings among persons of different ethnic groups can be nurtured
through a variety of settlement house programs. Of utmost importance in the
successful functioning of a community center is the professional responsibility
of helping the board members and the people in the community understand
the kind of clients served and the special problems related to culture and
ethnic group.
Soyer, D. (1961). Reaching problem families through settlement-based casework.
Social Work, 6(3), 36-42.
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Abstract: This seems to be the day of the "hard-core," "hard-to-reach,"
"multiproblem," and "hopeless" family. The authors are writing and saying
much in the search for ways to help such families. This study will attempt to
show that the caseworker in the settlement house or community center is
often in a particularly good position to aid these clients. No attempt will be
made here to define such terms as "hard-core," "hard-to-reach," and so on,
not to supply such criteria as those of the New York City Youth Board to the
cases selected for discussion. Suffice it is to say that the clients under
discussion are not victims of refined neurotic conflicts. Primitive in ego
development, they are quickly overwhelmed by outside pressures and
anxieties of the moment and seek the worker out in their pain and panic; but
once some kind of equilibrium is attained, they do not stay to "work through"
their problems in order to avoid future crisis. They seek quick and tangible
help. This seems to be the day of the "hard-core," "hard-to-reach,"
"multiproblem," and "hopeless" family. The authors are writing and saying
much in the search for ways to help such families.
Speizman, M.D. (1963). The movement of the settlement house idea into the south.
Southwestern Social Science Quarterly, 44(3), 237-246.
Abstract: The article focuses on the development of settlement movement in
the U.S. According to the author, any attempt to select one agency as the first
settlement house in the South or to identify any particular year as the date of
its origin is hazardous. Somewhat laggard as Southern settlements may have
been in organizing themselves, their role, once established, was fully
consistent with the highest objectives of the famous English and Northern
leaders of the movement. There is nothing surprising in this fact since the
early leaders in the South consciously and overtly modeled themselves on
their great counterparts in the older agencies. Sometimes the idea of the
settlement drifted down from the North considerably in advance of the arrival
of any missionary with the new creed. It is true that the South had its own
unassimilated elements, the African Americans and the Spanish-Americans,
but it must be pointed out that valiant efforts were sometimes made to
establish at least a measure of settlement activity among them.
Spratt, M. (1997). Beyond Hull house: New interpretations of the settlement movement
in America. Journal of Urban History, 23(6), 770-776.
Stockwell, C. & Fox, N. T. (2006). Social work and social change: Lessons from
Chicago and “Chicago Semester”. Social Work and Christianity, 33(4), 330-354.
Abstract: This paper will explore the logical connections of the traditional
practice of social work with social change models that have emerged in this
country over the last century, particularly the history of social work and its
relationships to social change in Chicago. The first section will detail the
history of social work practice in Chicago from the city’s founding to the
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progressive era. The second section links progressive era social reform to
contemporary social work practice as the context for Chicago Semester’s
social work program.
Stuart, P. H. (1992). The Kingsley house extension program: Racial segregation in a
1940s settlement program. Social Service Review 66(1),112-120.
Abstract: In this article, I review the experience of a settlement house that
conducted a biracial recreation program in a southern city from 1945 to 1949.
The Kingsley House Extension Program, while innovative, was controversial
and was, ultimately, abandoned. The program's fate was a harbinger of
events to come in the South during the height of the civil rights movement in
the 1950s and early 1960s.
Stuart, P. H. (1995). Black Neighbors: Race and the limits of reform in the American
settlement house movement, 1890-1945 (Book). Social Service Review, 69(3), 535-536.
Abstract: Reviews the book "Black Neighbors: Race and the limits of reform
in the American settlement house movement, 1890-1945," by Elisabeth
Lasch-Quinn.
Sullivan, M. (1993). Social work's legacy of peace: Echoes from the Early 20th Century.
Social Work, 38(5), 513-520.
Abstract: Profiles women in social work who took courageous stands in
working for peace in the early twentieth century, focusing on Jane Addams
and Emily Greene Balch, who were active in the settlement house movement
and played instrumental roles in opposing WWI. Their fierce commitment to
mediation in settling international conflicts despite negative public opinion
holds lessons for social workers today. Both women formed organizations,
some of which continue to play central roles in the social work profession.
Their activities in the Women's Peace party are chronicled, as well as their
accomplishments at the 1915 Women's International Peace Conference at
The Hague, Netherlands.
Stuart, P.H. (1999). Linking clients and policy: Social work’s distinctive contribution.
Social Work, 44(4), 335 – 347.
Abstract: Social work’s distinctive contribution to American life has been its
ability to link client systems – individuals, families, groups, and communities 0
and social welfare policy. This unique focus has characterized the profession
since its origins in the 19th century. Both settlement houses and charity
organization societies emphasized the relations of clients with larger systems
in their social environment. Social workers developed social survey methods
as a way of understanding their client’s environments during the Progressive
Era. They struggled to enact the “Social Standards for Industry” (a precursor
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to the social welfare legislation of the New Deal), which was adopted by a
committee of the National Conferecne of Charities in 1912. Social work’s
dual focus on client systems and their environments will continue to be
important in the profession’s second century.
Trolander, J. A. (1973). The response of settlements to the Great Depression. Social
Work, 18(5), 92-102.
Abstract: The article focuses on the response of social settlements to the
Great Depression of 1930s. During the depression of the 1930s, only
settlements in New York City and Chicago continued the reform activities of
the Progressive Era. A social settlement, Chicago Commons, held the first
hearing, and many people connected with settlement houses were also
deeply involved in the Chicago Workers Committee on Unemployment.
Outside New York City and Chicago, virtually no settlement took part in social
action to improve economic conditions. The major professional social work
organization in the 1930s was the American Association of Social Work.
Some of the differences in cities that did and did not have a Community Chest
were reflected in attitudes toward various New Deal measures. Until the
Social Security Act was passed in August 1935, the New Deal had provided
only temporary relief programs, formed in response to the drastic conditions
of the depression. The Social Security Act marked a turning point.
Trolander, J.A. (1987). Professionalism and social change: From the settlement house
movement to neighbourhood centers 1886 to the present. New York: Columbia
University Press.
Turner, J.B. (1999). Neighbourhood organization: How well does it work? R. Jack
(ed.), Reflections on Community Organization: Enduring Themes and Critical Issues.
Itasca, IL: R.E. Peacock Publishers.
Wagner, D. & Cohen, M.B. (1978). Social Workers, Class, and Professionalism.
Catalyst (US), 1(1), 25-55.
Abstract: In an empirical study of the working conditions of social workers,
data are drawn from interviews with social workers from 3 NY agencies (a
hospital, a settlement house, and a child welfare agency) and several
previous studies. Information is gathered concerning salaries, bargaining
power, physical working conditions, autonomy, input into policy decisions, and
opportunity for advancement. The vast majority of social workers is poorly
paid, resembling clerical, janitorial, and other semiskilled Wc occupations.
Opportunity for advancement and autonomy are merely myths. The survey
revealed that conditions in social agencies are very similar to many
nonprofessional workplaces -- social workers have little of the prestige, power,
or autonomy attributed to them by social work elites. The obsession with
professionalism is primarily political; the myth and ideology of social work
Settlement Houses Annotated Bibliography
P..29
professionalism encourages workers to remain emotionally neutral and
detached from client problems. In effect, a political function is performed: by
helping people adjust to an oppressive society, the political system is
protected from consumer demands and a conservative status quo is
supported. Alternative strategies are suggested for viewing social workers as
a highly skilled section of the Wc. These include the unionization of the field
and a systematic organizing of clients.
Walker, N. (1915). Chicago housing conditions. X Greeks and Italians in the
neighborhood of hull house. American Journal of Sociology, 21(3), 285-316.
Abstract: The article reports on studies of housing conditions in Hull House
of Chicago, based on studies by the students in the Department of Social
Investigation of the Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy. Hull House is
a social settlement house founded in Chicago in 1889 by Jane Addams.
When Hull House was opened, the West Side of Chicago had already
degenerated from one of the poorer suburbs, inhabited largely by Americans
in moderate circumstances, into a crowded and unattractive immigrant
neighborhood. In such a neighborhood as this, houses of varying heights and
sizes crowded into a small area does exists. It is inevitable that buildings
erected upon such strips of land should, in order to obtain the necessary
width, extend to the very limits of the lot, and thus deprive each other of light
and air. Furthermore, they must be fairly deep, in which case there are
difficulties of construction hard to overcome, or else a very considerable
percentage of the lot space will be unused to all intents and purposes, wasted.
Weaver, H.N. (1992). African-Americans and social work: An overview of the AnteBellum through progressive eras. Journal of Multicultural Social Work, 2(4), 91-102.
Abstract: The history of social welfare can provide important insights into
current policy and practice. Although a disproportionate number of social work
clients are minorities, including African-Americans, little comprehensive
information has been compiled on the development of social services for this
population. This paper presents an overview of social welfare services
available to African-Americans in the Antebellum period through the
Progressive Era. African-American sponsored organizations, white
philanthropy, public agencies, and inter-racial efforts are discussed in the
context of major political and social developments in these eras.
Organizations discussed include: Freedman's Aid Societies, African-American
mutual aid and benevolent societies, fraternal orders, the Freedman's Bureau,
the Women's Club movement, settlement houses, Charity Organization
Societies, and the National Urban League.
Weissman, H.H. & Heifetz, H. (1968). Changing program emphases of settlement
houses. Social Work, 13(4), 40-49.
Settlement Houses Annotated Bibliography
P..30
Abstract: The authors trace the development of the settlement house
movement through the history of the nation's oldest settlement--New York
City's University Settlement--from its beginnings in the 1880's as an attempt
to deal with the new poor created by the Industrial Revolution, through the era
of its recreational emphasis, to its current place in the War on Poverty. The
authors feel there is a clear need for the settlement to serve as an adultcentered agency, concerning itself programmatically with adult needs and
problems
Weisman, C.B. (2000). A Reminiscence: Group work principles withstanding time From the settlement house to United Nations. Social Work with Groups, 23(3), 5-18.
Abstract: Weisman discusses three principles of importance when practicing
group work. She describes them in the context of the history of the
profession and the development of theory and practice. These principles, she
argues, are clusters of concepts that operationalize overarching goals in
social group work.
Woods, R.A. & Kennedy, A.J. (1990). The settlement horizon. Transaction Publishers
Woods, R.A. (1923). The neighbourhood in nation-building: The running commentary of
thirty years at the South End. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Yan, M.C. (2002). Reclaiming the social of social group work: An experience of a
community center in Hong Kong. Social Work with Groups, 12(1), 21-40.
Abstract: This paper recaptures the history of the settlement house and is
relationship with social group work. Through the examination of a community
center in Hong Kong, the author argues that the “social” of social group work
lies largely in the organizational domain within which group work is practiced.
Group work practice inherited from the mission of the settlement house can
connect individual change and growth with improvement in the social context.
Therefore, to reclaim the roots of social group work, we may need to revisit
the commitment of the profession to community-based center service.
Yan, M.C. (2002). Recapturing the history of settlement house Movement: its
philosophy, service model and implications in China’s Ddvelopment of communitybased centre services. Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work, 12(1), 21- 39.
Abstract: In this paper, we will briefly recapture the history of the Settlement
House Movement. The focus of this paper will examine the philosophies and
service models of the settlement houses and their implications for China's
newly developed centre-based community services. Before we conclude, we
will also highlight some reasons why in North America, the Settlement House
Settlement Houses Annotated Bibliography
P..31
Movement has been losing favour as a social endeavor in tackling social
problems and what lessons China can learn from it.
Yan, M.C. (2004). Bridging the fragmented community: Revitalizing settlement houses
in the global era. Journal of Community Practice, 12(1/2): 51-69.
Abstract: In the global era, with the retrenchment of welfare states, people
have to turn to their community, a major component of civil society, for
support. In this paper, a fluid concept of community is proposed in response
to the fragmentation and diversity caused by globalization in the local
community. It is argued that to bridge different interests in the community,
settlement houses, as a third sector organization in the community, is an
effective community-building mechanism. This paper provides a brief history
of the success of the settlement house in building solidarity and generating
social capital in the local community. The author identifies implications for the
role of the social work profession in revitalizing the settlement house as a
community-building approach.
Yan, M.C. & Lauer, S. (2008). Social Capital and ethno-cultural diverse immigrants: A
Canadian study on settlement house and social integration. Journal of Ethnic and
Cultural Diversity in Social Work.
Abstract: With ethno-culturally diverse immigrants arriving in constantly
increasing numbers, connecting newcomers to residents in the local
community is a growing challenge. Settlement houses have traditionally been
the “machinery of connection” that bridges such diverse groups. This paper
reports the results of a study on settlement houses (a.k.a. neighbourhood
houses) in an urban center located in Western Canada. The results show
that, by embracing bridging as their mission, promoting volunteering, and
providing holistic services to meet needs, settlement houses have
successfully helped newcomers build cross-group social ties and integrate
into the community.
Yan, M.C. & Lauer, S. (2006). Bridging newcomers in the neighbourhood scale: A study
on settlement/integration role and functions of neighbourhood house in Vancouver.
UBC School of Social Work and Family Studies. Nov. 6, 2006.
Yan, M.C., Lauer, S. & Sin, R. (In Press). Issues in Community (Re)building: The tasks
of settlement houses in two cities. Social Development Issues.
Abstract: There have recently been cultural and racial clashes in many
Western countries. Through presenting findings of two studies in San
Francisco and Vancouver, this paper argues that settlement houses in their
present form are still effective civil society mechanisms in helping new
immigrants to socially integrate with the host society and in helping troubled
urban communities to (re)build social harmony and solidarity.
Settlement Houses Annotated Bibliography
P..32
Young, P.V. (1935). The social settlement in the changing city. Sociology & Social
Research, 20(1), 63-70.
Abstract: This article discusses the social relevance of the social settlement
movement. When the social settlement was first initiated it was deeply
concerned with neighborhood life and problems. It came more intimately in
touch with social reality and the concrete facts of social life as it was lived by
the other half than any other agency. Group and neighborhood life were the
basic social units and the chief field of operation. The pioneers of the
settlement movement never ceased to study neighborhood forces. With the
rapid encroachment of industry into old residential districts, with constant
invasion of new peoples, numerous transitional areas have appeared. These
areas are in transition from an older to a newer order of life but the new order
has not yet arrived. The settlement house is peculiarly fitted to carry on social
education of the masses since it has the opportunity to contact not only
isolated members of the family or contact only the adults as the unions do, or
teach the dependent groups as the charity organization society does, but to
deal with the family as a whole and with entire cultural groups as units. Much
of the settlement program has been devoted to Americanizing the immigrant
to prepare him for an active and intelligent participation in cosmopolitan urban
life.
Settlement Houses Annotated Bibliography
P..33
Websites and Online Resources
1. Association of Neighbourhood Houses of Greater Vancouver:
www.anhgv.org
2. Association of Neighbourhood Houses and Learning Centres
www.anhlc.asn.au/welcome
3. Bassac – British Association of Settlements and Social Action Centres
www.bassac.org.uk
4. Community and Neighbourrhood Houses and Centres Association Inc.
www.canh.asn.au
5. Cowichan Neighbourhood House Association
www.members.shaw.ca/CNHAwebsite/
6. Oxford House
www.oxfordhouse.org.uk
7. Neighborhood Houses
www.neghborhoodhouses.org
8. Pyramid Hill Neighbourhood House
www.pyramidhillneighbourhoodhouse.org.au/
9. International Federation of Settlements and Neighbourhood Centres:
www.ifsnetwork.org
10. South Burnaby Neighbourhood House
www.sbnh.ca
11. Toronto Neighbourhood Centres:
www.neighbourhoodcentres.ca
12. Toynbee Hall
www.toynbeehall.org.uk
13. Hull House
www.hullhouse.org
14. United Neighbourhood Houses
www.unhny.org
15. Vancouver Family Connections
www.vancouverfamilyconnections.org
Settlement Houses Annotated Bibliography
P..34
Chronological Index
1.
Walker, N., Chicago housing conditions. Greeks and Italians in the
Neighborhood of Hull House. American Journal of Sociology, 1915. 21(3): p.
285-316.
2.
Holden, A.C., The settlement idea: A vision of social justice. 1922, New York:
The Macmillan Company.
3.
Buell, B., The settlement and its foreign born neighbor. Social Forces, 1928.
7(2): p. 258-261.
4.
Mock, C., The trend of settlement activities toward school use. Social Forces,
1931. 9(4): p. 532-534.
5.
Young, P.V., The Social settlement in the changing city. Sociology & Social
Research 1935. 20(1): p. 63-70.
6.
Kennedy, A.J., The settlement heritage, An address given at the N.F.S.
Central Session. 1953, Cleveland, Ohio: National conference of Social Work.
7.
Bremner, R.H., Humanizing Cleveland and Toledo. American Journal of
Economics & Sociology, 1954. 13(2): p. 179-190.
8.
Hillman, A., Neighbourhood centres today: Action program for a rapidly
changing world. 1960, New York: National Federation of Settlements and
Neighbourhood Centres. .
9.
Soyer, D., Reaching problem families through settlement-based casework.
Social Work, 1961. 6(3): p. 36-42.
10.
Carter, G.W., What is the future focus for settlements? Social Work 1963.
8(2): p. 41-47.
11.
Speizman, M.D., The movement of the settlement house idea into the south.
Southwestern Social Science Quarterly, 1963. 44(3): p. 237-246.
12.
Gans, H.J., Redifining the settlements function for the war on poverty. Social
Work, 1964. 9(4): p. 3-12.
13.
Berry, M.E., Mr. Gans is Challenged. Social Work 1965. 10(1): p. 104-107.
14.
Lasch, C., The social thought of Jane Addams, ed. T.A.H. Series. 1965,
Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill Co.
Settlement Houses Annotated Bibliography
P..35
15.
Davis, A.F., Spearheads for reform: The social settlements and the
progressive movement 1890-1914. 1967, New York: Oxford University Press.
16.
Weissman, H.H. and H. Heifetz, Changing program emphases of settlement
houses. Social Work 1968. 13(4): p. 40-49.
17.
Southwick, P.C. and M.G. Thackeray, The concept of culture in the
neighborhood center. Social Casework, 1969. 50(7): p. 385-388.
18.
Rousmaniere, John P. Cultural hybrid in the slums: The college woman and
the settlement house, 1889 – 1894. American Quarterly, 1970, 22(1): p. 45-66.
19.
Woods, R.A., The neighbourhood in nation-building: The running commentary
of thirty years at the South End. 1970, c1923, New York: Arno Press.
20.
Peterson, J.H., Lauderdale, M.L. & Bard, R., Neighbourhood centers and
service delivery systems. 1971, Washington, DC.: Education, Training, and
Research Sciences Corp. .
21.
O'Donnell, E. D., and O.M. Reid, The Multiservice Neighbourhood Center
Organizational Structure and Selected Issues' Welfare in Review ,10, 1972: p.
1-18.
22.
Switzer, E., Chicago settlements, 1972: An overview. Social Service Review,
1973. 47: p. 581-592.
23.
Trolander, J.A., The response of settlements to the Great Depression. Social
Work, 1973. 18(5): p. 92-102.
24.
Trolander, J.A., Settlement house and the Great Depression. 1975, Detroit,
MI: Wayne State University Press.
25.
Kahn, A.J., 'Service delivery at the neighborhood level: Experience, theory
and fads'. Social Service Review, 1976. 50(1): p. 23-56.
26.
Austin, M. and N. Bretten, Intellectual origins of community organizing 19201939. Social Service Review, 1977. 51(1): p. 155-170.
27.
Abel, E.K., Middle-class culture for the urban poor: The educational thought of
Samuel Barnett. Social Service Review, 1978. 52(4): p. 596-620.
28.
Reid, K.E., The use of groups in social work: A Historical Perspective. Arete,
1978. 5(1): p. 37-47.
Settlement Houses Annotated Bibliography
P..36
29.
Shapiro, E.S. and A. Robert, Woods and the settlement ohuse impulse.
Social Service Review, 1978. 52(2): p. 215-226.
30.
Wagner, D. and M.B. Cohen, Social workers, class, and professionalism.
Catalyst (US), 1978. 1(1): p. 25-55.
31.
Abel, E.K., Toynbee Hall, 1884 -1914. Social Service Review, 1979. 53(4): p.
606-632.
32.
Greenstone, J.D., Dorothea Dix and Jane Addams: from transcendentalism to
pragmatism in American social reform. Social Service Review, 1979. 53(4): p.
527-559.
33.
Reinders, R.C., Toynbee Hall and the American Settlement Movement. Social
Service Review, 1982. 56(1): p. 39-54.
34.
Segal, S.B., J., The community living room. Social Casework, 1985. 66(2): p.
111-116.
35.
Sklar, K. K. Hull house in the 1890s: A community of women reformers. Signs,
1985. 10(4), p. 658-677.
36.
Yanay, U., Annual Survey of Community Centre- Findings 1976-1984. Vol. 9.
1985, Jerusalem: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Israel
Association of Community Centers.
37.
Berry, M.E., One hundred years on urban frontiers: The settlement movement
1886-1986. Cleveland: United Neighborhood Centers of America, 1986.
38.
Karger, H.J., "Minneapolis settlement houses in the 'not so roaring' 20's:
Americanization, morality, and the revolt against popular culture. Journal of
Sociology & Social Welfare, 1987. 14(2): p. 89-110.
39.
Meagham, S., Toynbee Hall and social reform 1880-1914: The search for
community. 1987, New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
40.
Trolander, J.A., Professionalism and social change: From the settlement
house movement to neighborhood centers, 1886 to the present. 1987, New
York: Columbia University Press.
41.
Johnson, M.A., The many faces of Hull-House: The photographs of Wallace
Kirkland. 1989, Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Settlement Houses Annotated Bibliography
P..37
42.
Lissak, R.S., Pluralism & progressives: Hull House and the new immigrants,
1890-1919. 1989, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
43.
Miller-Evans, J., Preventing the common toothache: Jane Addams'
philosophy of Social work. Jewish Social Work Forum, 1989(20): p. 50-57.
44.
Polacheck, A.S., I came a Stranger: The story of a Hull-House girl. 1989,
Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
45.
Andrews, J.L., Female social workers in the second generation. Social
Service Abstracts, 1990. 5(2): p. 46-59.
46.
Carson, M., Settlement Folk: Social thought and the American Settlement
Movement: 1885-1930. 1990, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
47.
Gulati, P.G., and G. Guest, The community-centered model: A garden-variety
approach or a radical transformation of community practice? Social Work,
1990. 35(1): p. 63-68.
48.
Perlmutter, F.D. and U. Yanay, Updating the settlement house: A model for
developing nations. The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy,
1990. 10(1): p. 71-80.
49.
Forte, J.A., Operating a member-employing therapeutic business as part of
an alternative mental health center. Health and Social Work, 1991. 16(3): p.
213-223.
50.
Crocker, R.H., Social work and social order: The settlement movmeent in two
industrial cities, 1889-1930. 1992, Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
51.
Stuart, P.H., The Kingsley house extension program: Racial segregation in a
1940's settlement program Social Service Review, 1992. 66(1): p. 112-120.
52.
Weaver, H.N., African-Americans and social work: An overview of the AnteBellum through progressive eras. Journal of Multicultural Social Work, 1992.
2(4): p. 91-102.
53.
Hargrove, G.P., Neighborhood center presepctives on community service
learning. Equity and Excellence in Education, 1993. 26(2): p. 35-40.
54.
Husock, H., Bringing back to the settlement house: Settlements see poor
people as citizens, not clients. Public Welfare, 1993. 51(4): p. 16-26.
Settlement Houses Annotated Bibliography
P..38
55.
Lasch-Quinn, E., Black neighbors: Race and the limits of reform in the
American Settlement House Movement, 1890-1945. 1993, Chapel Hill, NC:
University of North Carolina Press.
56.
Mark, E.M., Settlement houses today: A public-private collaboration. Public
Welfare, 1993. 51(4): p. 24.
57.
McArthur, A.A., Community Partnership- A formula for neighbourhood
regeneration in the 1990s? Community Development Journal, 1993. 28(4): p.
305-315.
58.
McCullagh, J.G., The roots of school social work in New York City. Journal of
School Social Work, 1993. 6(1-2): p. 49-74.
59.
Menlo, E.M., Settlement houses today: A public-private collaboration. Public
Welfare, 1993. 51(4): p. 24-25.
60.
Mishne, J.M., Dilemmas in provision of urban mental health services for
latency age children. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 1993. 10(4):
p. 271-287.
61.
Sullivan, M., Social work's legacy of peace: Echoes from the early 20th
Century. Social Work, 1993. 38(5): p. 513-520.
62.
Berman-Rossi, T. and I. Miller, African-Americans and the settlements during
the late ninteenth and early twentieth centuries. Social Work with Groups,
1994. 17(3): p. 7-95.
63.
Carlton- LaNey, I., The career of Birdye Henrietta Haynes, a pioneer
settlement house worker. Social Service Review, 1994. 68(2): p. 254-273.
64.
Hasson, S. and D. Ley, Neighbourhood organizations and the welfare state.
1994, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
65.
Rose, E., From sponge cake to Hamenstashen: Jewish identity in a Jewish
settlement house, 1885-1952. Journal of American Ethnic History, 1994.
13(3): p. 3,21.
66.
Brown, P., Settlement houses today: Their community building role. 1995,
Chicago, IL: Chapin Hall Center for Children.
67.
Halpern, R., Rebuilding the inner city: A history of neighbourhood initiatives to
address poverty in the United States. 1995: Columbia University Press.
Settlement Houses Annotated Bibliography
P..39
68.
Irving, A., Pearsons, H. & Belamy, D. (Eds.) Neighbours: Three social
settlements in downtown Toronto. 1995, Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press
Inc.
69.
Johnson, C., Strength in community: An introduction to the history and
impacts of the international settlement movement. 1995, Derby, UK:
International Federation of settlement and Neighbourhood centres.
70.
Kraus, A., & Chaudry, A., The settlement house initiative: Merging headstart
and daycare in New York. Public Welfare, 1995: p. 16-25.
71.
Lundblad, K.S., Jane Addams and social reform: A role model for the 1990's.
Social Work, 1995. 40(5): p. 661-669.
72.
Stuart, P.H., Black Neighbors: Race and the limits of reform n the American
settlement house movement, 1890-1945 (Book Review). Social Service
Review, 1995. 69(3): p. 535-536.
73.
Chesler, E. "Back to the Future": Reviving the settlement house as
neighbourhood social service center. Breaking away: The future of cities (pg.
121-134) 1996 [cited; In J. Bitullo-Martin Edition:]
74.
Andrews, J., Helen Hall and the Settlement House Movement's repsonse to
unemployment: Reaching out to the community. Journal of Community
Practice, 1997. 4(2): p. 65-75.
75.
Estes, R.J. (1997). Social work, social development, and community welfare
centers in international perspective. International Social Work, 40(1): 43-55.
76.
Hirota, J.M., Brown, P., Mallard, W. & Richman, H., Pathways to change:
Settlement houses and the strengthening of community. 1997, Chicago, ÏL:
The Chaplin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago.
77.
Spratt, M., Beyond Hull House: New interpretations of the settlement
movement in American (Review Essay) Journal of Urban History, 1997. 23(6):
p. 770-776.
78.
Landers, S., Settlement houses survive and thrive, in NASW News. 1998:
Washington, D.C.
79.
Addams, J., Twenty years at Hull House. 1999, Boston, MA: Bedford/St.
Martin's.
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80.
Barbuto, D.M., American settlement houses and progressive social reform:
An encyclopedia of the American Settlement Movement. 1999, Phoenix, AZ:
Oryx.
81.
Barbuto, D.M., The American settlement movement: A bibliography 1999,
Phoenix, AZ: Oryx.
82.
Farmer, R. and J. Walsh, Living Room Assessment. Journal of Community
Practice, 1999. 6(4): p. 79-94.
83.
Haynes, D.T. and B.W. White, Will the "real" social work please stand up? A
call to stand for professional unity. . Social Work, 1999. 44(4): p. 385-391.
84.
Schwartz, A., Americanization and cultural preservation in Seattle's
settlement house: A Jewish adaptation of the Anglo-American model of
settlement work. Journal of Sociology and Social welfare, 1999. 26(3): p. 2547.
85.
Stuart, P.H., Linking clients and policy: Social Work's distinctive contribution.
Social Work, 1999. 44(4): p. 335-347.
86.
Turner, J.B., Neighbourhood organization: How well does it work? In R.Jack
(ed.), Reflections on community organization: Enduring themes and Critical
Issues. 1999, Itasca, IL: R.E. Peacock Publishers.
87.
Weisman, C.B., Remininscence: Group work principles withstanding timeFrom the settlement house to United Nations. Social Work with Groups, 2000.
23(3): p. 5-18.
88.
Elshtain, J.B., Jane Addams and the social claim. The Public Interest,
2001(145): p. 82-92.
89.
Hawkins, J.W., et al., Community health centers in the settlement house
tradition: Hope for today's urban ills. Issues in Interdisciplinary Care, 2001.
3(4): p. 262-269.
90.
Jacobson, W.B., Beyond Therapy: Bringing social work back to human
services reform. Social Work, 2001. 46(1): p. 51-61.
91.
James, C., Reforming Reform: Toronto's settlement house movement 190020. Canadian Historical Review, 2001. 82(1): p. 55-90.
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P..41
92.
Moore, L.S., Lessons from the past: Developing allegiances for the future.
Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work, 2001. 7(1): p. 1-15.
93.
Fisher, R. and M. Fabricant, From Henry street to contracted services:
Financing the settlement house. Journal of Sociology and Social welfare,
2002. 29(3): p. 3-27.
94.
Fisher, R. and M.B. Fabricant, Settlement houses under siege: The struggle
to sustain community organizations in New York City. 2002, New York:
Columbia University Press.
95.
Poole, D.L. and I.C. Colby. Do public neighborhood centers have the capacity
to be instruments of change in human services? Social Work, 2002. 47(2): p.
142-152.
96.
Yan, M.C., Reclaiming the social of social group work: An experience of a
community center in Hong Kong. Social Work with Groups, 2002. 12(1): p.
21-40.
97.
Yan, M.C., Recapturing the history of settlement house movement: Its
philosophy, service model and implications in China's development of
community-based centre services. Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work, 2002.
12(1): p. 21-39.
98.
Koerin, B., The settlement house traditions: Current trends and future
concerns. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 2003. 30(2): p. 53-68.
99.
Fisher, R., M. Fabricant, and L. Simmons, Understanding contemporary
university-community connections: Context, practice, and challenges. Journal
of Community Practice, 2004. 12(3-4): p. 13-34.
100.
Yan, M.C., Bridging the fragmented community: Revitalizing settlement
houses in the global era. Journal of Community Practice, 2004. 12(1/2): p. 5169.
101.
Stockwell, C. and N.T. Fox, Social work and social change: Lessons from
Chicago and "Chicago Semester." Social Work and Christianity, 2006. 33(4):
p. 330-354.
102.
Yan, M.C. and S. Lauer, Bridging newcomers in the neighbourhood scale: A
study on settlement/integration role and functions of neighbourhood house in
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Vancouver, British Columbia. University of British Columbia, School of Social
Work. 2006.
103.
Lauer, S. and M.C. Yan, Neighbourhood Houses and Bridging Social Ties.
The Metropolis British Columbia Working Paper Series. BC: Metropolis British
Columbia, 2008.
104.
Yan, M.C. and S. Lauer, Social Capital and ethno-cultural diverse immigrants:
A Canadian study on settlement house and social integration. Journal of
Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 2008. 17(3): p. 229-250.
105.
Lauer, S. & Yan, M.C., Voluntary association involvement and immigrant
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