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Wed Dec 9 5:58:33 EST 2009
CSA
Notices cochées
Dernière stratégie: undocumented migrants
Notice 1 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Illegal Immigration: A Positive Economic Contribution to the United
States
AU: Auteur
Nadadur, Ramanujan
SO: Source
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 35, no. 6, pp.
1037-1052, July 2009
DE: Descripteurs
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Costs; *United States of America; *Labor
Market; *Wages; *Immigrants; *Taxation; *Public Services
AB: Résumé
This paper surveys a range of contemporary issues regarding illegal
immigration in the United States, with a focus on the consequences of
undocumented immigrants on the economy. The analysis looks at the
effects of illegal immigration on jobs & wages in a dual labour
market model and the fiscal impacts of illegal immigration on jobs
& wages in a dual labour market model & the fiscal impacts of
illegal immigrants (taxes paid & cost imposed on society through
use of public services). The paper argues that illegal immigration has
a positive impact on the US economy; although illegal immigrants
impose a fiscal cost at the state & local levels, this cost should
be addressed by efficiently allocating resources between the federal
& state governments. Adapted from the source document.
Notice 2 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Sweden: Detention and Deportation of Asylum Seekers
AU: Auteur
Khosravi, Shahram
SO: Source
Race and Class, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 38-56, Apr-June 2009
DE: Descripteurs
*Sweden; *Asylum; *Policy; *Criminalization; *Human Rights;
*Imprisonment
AB: Résumé
Based on ethnographic fieldwork among undocumented migrants (including
asylum seekers) in Stockholm between 2004 and 2006, additional
interviews with police officers, deportation escorts and staff at
Swedish detention centres and some fieldwork in Tehran in June 2005
and August 2007, this article examines the impact of Sweden's more
restrictive asylum policy since the beginning of the decade. From a
condition of 'deportability' to incarceration in detention centres and
then removal from Sweden, asylum seekers have been increasingly
criminalised their confinement and removal being seen as mechanisms
for preserving national security. Focusing, in particular, on the
techniques used by the detention apparatus to 'humanise' and
'rationalise' the confinement and expulsion of asylum seekers, it is
argued that a discourse of 'caring' and 'saving' works, in effect, as
a disciplinary mechanism that presents asylum seekers as responsible
for their own detention and deportation. [Reprinted by permission of
Sage Publications Ltd., copyright Institute of Race Relations.]
Notice 3 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Illegality as risk factor: A survey of unauthorized migrant patients
in a Berlin clinic
AU: Auteur
Castaneda, Heide
SO: Source
Social Science & Medicine, vol. 68, no. 8, pp. 1552-1560, Apr
2009
DE: Descripteurs
*Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany; *Clinics; *Access; *Health Care
Services; *Social Inequality; *Undocumented Immigrants
AB: Résumé
Unauthorized migrants face health disadvantages in many receiving
nations. However, few studies have explored precisely how the
condition of "illegality" influences illness experiences, medical
treatment, and convalescence. This article presents a case study from
Germany (2004-2006 and 2008), where unauthorized migrants face limited
access to health care and the threat of deportation results in
avoidance of services and treatment delays. This is confounded by
unique laws which essentially criminalize health care workers for
aiding migrants. This article provides a snapshot of 183 patients who
attended a Berlin clinic that functions as the single largest source
of medical assistance for unauthorized persons in Germany. The
demographic information sketches a picture of labor migrants with a
mean age of approximately 29 years. More women than men presented at
this clinic, a result of its ability to successfully arrange prenatal
care and delivery as well as a reflection of local labor markets. The
diversity of countries of origin (n = 55) is surprising, underscoring
the utility of using illegal status as a unifying variable to
highlight migrants' shared position in the global economy and the
resulting barriers to basic medical services. Patients presented with
a range of illnesses typical for their age group. However, the effects
of illegal status resulted in four areas of disparities: 1) limits to
the overall quality and quantity of care for mothers and infants; 2)
delayed presentation and difficulties accessing a regular supply of
medication for patients with chronic illnesses; 3) difficulties in
accessing immediate medical attention for unpredictable injuries and
other acute health concerns; and 4) a lack of mental health care
options for generalized stress and anxiety affecting health. In
Germany, an incoherent policy environment contributes to inadequate
services and treatment delays. Solutions must address these legal
ambiguities, which represent a primary barrier to equity in a nation
with otherwise universal health coverage. [Copyright Elsevier Ltd.]
Notice 4 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Inhabiting Spaces of Liminality: Migrants in Omonia, Athens
AU: Auteur
Noussia, Antonia; Lyons, Michal
SO: Source
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 601-624,
Apr 2009
DE: Descripteurs
*Migrants; *Boundaries; *Migration; *Urban Areas; *Athens, Greece;
*Conflict; *Liminality; *Public Space
AB: Résumé
When a dominant group yields space to the 'other', boundaries are
redrawn in urban space or time. However, as migration increases, the
'other' becomes increasingly diverse. Through a study of the Omonia
area of Athens, this article addresses two gaps at the intersection of
urban and migration studies: (How) is spatial differentiation
constructed and negotiated among migrant groups? (How) is it
maintained over time? Findings enrich our understanding of liminal
moments and zones. Different migrant groups maintain distinct spatial
boundaries within overlapping areas without overt conflict; and access
to distinct spaces is negotiated over time within migrant groups. This
is discussed in terms of the role of norms of public behaviour and
modes of socialisation in defining divisions in public space. Adapted
from the source document.
Notice 5 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
A Confluence of Interests in Immigration Enforcement: How Politicians,
the Media, and Corporations Profit from Immigration Policies Destined
to Fail
AU: Auteur
Golash-Boza, Tanya
SO: Source
Sociology Compass, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 283-294, Mar 2009
DE: Descripteurs
*Immigration; *Law Enforcement; *Migrants; *Marginality; Legislative
Bodies
AB: Résumé
The concept of an immigration industrial complex draws from previous
work on the prison industrial complex and the military industrial
complex. All three of these complexes point to the ways that the
interests of government bureaucracies, corporate elites, and
politicians shape laws and policies. This article explains how the
undocumented status of migrants provides advantages to at least three
groups: (a) media pundits who make their careers railing against
'illegal aliens'; (b) politicians who use undocumented migrants as
scapegoats; and (c) contractors who profit from massive immigration
enforcement expenditures. The disenfranchised status of undocumented
migrants enhances the ability of each of these groups to benefit from
their presence. This confluence of interests explains why Congress has
not enacted viable immigration policies that effectively deal with the
'problem' of illegal immigration. This is the second in a two-part
series on the immigration industrial complex. Sociology Compass 3/2
(2009): 283--294, 10.1111/j.1751-9020.2008.00192.x. Adapted from the
source document.
RL: Localisation
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/soco
Notice 6 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Pangs of nascent nationalism from the nationless state? Euro coins and
undocumented migrants in Malta since 2004
AU: Auteur
Baldacchino, Godfrey
SO: Source
Nations and Nationalism, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 148-165, Jan 2009
DE: Descripteurs
*Malta; *European Union; *Money; *Migrants
AB: Résumé
This paper examines recent manifestations of the emergence of national
identity amongst the citizens of Malta, now the smallest member state
of the European Union. In this search, discrete events and 'things'
are examined as symbolic paraphernalia, empirical phenomena that
provide insights to overarching narratives about identity, nationalism
and integration. The discussion and eventual decision on the choice of
euro coin faces in Malta is proposed as one that illustrates a process
of 'nascent nationalism'. Meanwhile, the arrival of boatloads of
undocumented migrants on Malta's shores has also encouraged the
evolution of a secular, national character in Malta. Such episodes,
and others, ultimately reflect a need for symbols of national unity
that remain largely absent in this 'nationless state' which continues
to be gripped by a bipolar partisanship that spares almost no one.
Adapted from the source document.
Notice 7 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
The United Nations Convention on Migrant Workers' Rights. Obstacles,
Opportunities and Perspectives
AU: Auteur
Guchteneire, Paul de; Pecoud, Antoine
SO: Source
Migraciones, no. 24, pp. 9-55, Dec 2008
DE: Descripteurs
*Migration; *Rights; *United Nations; *International Law; *Migrant
Workers; *Human Rights; *Security; *Management
AB: Résumé
This article analyses the obstacles encountered by the UN
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All
Migrant Workers & Members of their Families, the most
comprehensive international treaty in the field of migration &
human rights, which has however been ratified by only 39 states. It
gathers evidence from major destination states in Africa, Asia, Europe
& the Americas & outlines three main sources of difficulties
stemming from the influence of market forces, security &
sovereignty on migration policies. It concludes by an investigation of
the place of the Convention & of migrants' rights in recent
initiatives taken by the international community in the field of
migration management. Appendixes, References. Adapted from the source
document.
Notice 8 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Competing Claims of Victimhood? Foreign and Domestic Victims of
Trafficking in the United States
AU: Auteur
Brennan, Denise
SO: Source
Sexuality Research and Social Policy: Journal of NSRC, vol. 5, no. 4,
pp. 45-61, Dec 2008
DE: Descripteurs
*Prostitution; *United States of America; *Youth; *Migrants; *Slavery;
*Foreign Workers; *Migrant Workers; *Victims
AB: Résumé
This article considers how, in the United States, a rhetorical &
policy shift that focuses on domestic youth in prostitution affects
the broader effort to fight trafficking of foreign nationals in
industries other than sex work. Common sense suggests that with
resources directed toward finding domestic youth in forced
prostitution, fewer efforts will be made to reach foreign workers
exploited in work sites outside of the sex industry. The author
contends that the low numbers of individuals found thus far in forced
(nonsexual) labor nationwide have been, in part, a consequence of not
looking. This article also examines a number of factors that prevent
migrant workers who have experienced a range of exploitation from
coming forward about these abuses. In an environment of undocumented
migrants' increasing distrust of law enforcement, there are many
challenges to finding individuals who are subject to forced labor.
Adapted from the source document.
RL: Localisation
http://caliber.ucpress.net
Notice 9 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Paternity for Sale: Anxieties over "Demographic Theft" and
Undocumented Migrant Reproduction in Germany
AU: Auteur
Castaneda, Heide
SO: Source
Medical Anthropology Quarterly (New Series), vol. 22, no. 4, Dec 2008
DE: Descripteurs
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Citizenship; *Federal Republic of Germany;
*Females; *Fertility; *Law; *Mothers
AB: Résumé
Women's experiences of migration, and their relationship to a host
country, vary significantly from those of migrant men simply because
pregnancy is a possibility. The concept of 'demographic theft'
highlights popular anxieties regarding high fertility among
foreigners, including undocumented migrants. This article examines
pregnant undocumented women's experiences with the health care system
and relationship to the state in Germany. It also provides a
discussion of how a restrictive immigration climate, particular models
of citizenship, and liberal family laws have resulted in unique
practices surrounding paternity claims. It is based on long-term
ethnographic data to highlight contradictions and ambiguities in the
policy environment and utilizes the notion of stratified reproduction
to bring new evidence regarding mothers' deportability and practices
of paternity. Adapted from the source document.
Notice 10 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
The Labour Market Consequences of Human Smuggling: 'Illegal'
Employment in London's Migrant Economy
AU: Auteur
Ahmad, Ali Nobil
SO: Source
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 853-874,
Aug 2008
DE: Descripteurs
*Smuggling; *Migrant Workers; *Labor Market; *London, England;
*Criminalization; *Undocumented Immigrants
AB: Résumé
This article explores the short- and medium-term labour market
consequences of human smuggling for migrants at destination within the
context of Pakistani migration to London. It questions the pessimistic
picture painted in some recent academic and journalistic accounts of
the experience of 'illegality', and argues that the context of
reception does not necessarily make clear distinctions between
so-called 'legal' and 'illegal' migrants. It also questions the wisdom
of assuming that trafficking and smuggling go hand-in-hand. Whilst
harsh abuse by employers does indeed occur, this by no means
structures the totality of the irregular migrant's experience. A more
helpful conceptual distinction, it is argued, can be made between
'work' and 'jobs' -- different types of employment experienced by all
migrant workers. Adapted from the source document.
Notice 11 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Research on International Migration within Sub-Saharan Africa: Foci,
Approaches, and Challenges
AU: Auteur
Agadjanian, Victor
SO: Source
The Sociological Quarterly, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 407-421, Summer 2008
DE: Descripteurs
*Immigration; *Sub Saharan Africa; *Migration Patterns; *Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AB: Résumé
This article reviews the state of research on international migration
within sub-Saharan Africa. It examines the international migration
systems that have emerged on the subcontinent, especially in Southern
and Western Africa, as well as issues pertaining to gender and
migration and to migrants' incorporation in host societies. Special
attention is given to conflict-induced migration and to implications
of international migration for health, with a particular emphasis on
the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Despite the large volume and diversity of
international migration in the subcontinent, the literature on the
subject remains scarce and disconnected from the body of international
migration research in other settings. The review identifies causes of
this mismatch and discusses ways to mainstream the subcontinent's
migration problematique. Adapted from the source document.
Notice 12 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Zimbabweans in Britain: Transnational Activities and Capabilities
AU: Auteur
Bloch, Alice
SO: Source
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 287-305,
Mar. 2008
DE: Descripteurs
*Zimbabwe; *United Kingdom; *Transnationalism; *Migrants; *Social
Networks
AB: Résumé
This paper explores the economic, political, social and cultural
transnational exchanges of 500 Zimbabweans living in the UK. The paper
examines the ways in which motivations for migration and immigration
status impact on the type of transnational exchanges that take place
between the UK and Zimbabwe, and also among diasporic networks
elsewhere. After social contact with close family members, economic
remittances form the most regular exchanges. The paper shows the ways
in which remittance activities are affected by the structural
exclusions, due to government policy, experienced by asylum-seekers
and undocumented migrants who are prohibited from working in the
regular labour market. However, it also clearly demonstrates that,
with the exception of more political activity among those who left
Zimbabwe for political reasons, motivations for migration have little
impact on the nature of transnational exchanges among Zimbabweans in
the UK. Adapted from the source document.
Notice 13 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Undocumented vs. Illegal Migrant: towards Terminological Coherence
AU: Auteur
Paspalanova, Mila
SO: Source
Migraciones Internacionales, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 79-90, Jan-June 2008
DE: Descripteurs
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Immigrants; *Terminology
AB: Résumé
This article offers a terminological reflection on the expression
'illegal immigrant.' In particular, it argues against the arbitrary
choice of terminology used to refer to undocumented migration in
academic & scientific texts. On the basis of certain legal,
linguistic, & sociopolitical concerns, it suggests that the use of
'illegal migrant/ alien' should be seriously reconsidered &
replaced with alternative terms, such as 'undocumented' or 'irregular
immigrant,' which are both terminologically correct & lack the
negative social implications of the phrase 'illegal immigrant/alien'
or 'clandestine alien'. References. Adapted from the source document.
Notice 14 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Crossing the Desert: Construction of a Typology for the Analysis of
Migration in Sonora
AU: Auteur
Huerta Rodriguez, Liliana
SO: Source
Migraciones Internacionales, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 143-146, Jan-June
2008
DE: Descripteurs
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Latin American Cultural Groups; *Migration;
*United States of America; *Borders
AB: Résumé
A review essay on a book by Ana Lucia Castro Luque, Jaime Olea
Miranda, & Blanca E. Zepeda Bracamontes, Crossing the Desert:
Construction of a Typology for the Analysis of Migration in Sonora
(Hermosillo: Coll de Sonora, 2006). Studies about undocumented
migrants crossing into the US are not a novelty, but in this book, the
diverse authors have each described the different steps of the
migratory process: the migrants' leaving their towns of origin -Tijuana & Ciudad Juarez, crossing the desolate Sonora desert,
actually crossing the border, & arriving at their final
destination. Adapted from the source document.
Notice 15 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
The making of a border labor migration system: Government policies,
labor markets, and social networks in Tijuana (Mexico)
AU: Auteur
Chavez, Sergio.
SO: Source
Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social
Sciences, vol. 68, no. 08, pp. 3618, 2008
DE: Descripteurs
*Borders; *Labor Migration; *Migrants; *Labor Market; *Migration
Patterns; *Males
AB: Résumé
This study investigates border migrants' modes of incorporation into
U.S. labor markets to understand their migration and employment
patterns in the Tijuana-San Diego region. In particular, the social
organization of labor migration, the influence of labor market
experience on mobility, and the role of government policy on migration
is examined. I focus on two groups of border migrants -- former
braceros and commuters -- to provide a historical trajectory of the
development of the border migrant labor system. The research is based
on fifteen months of field research in which observations and in-depth
interviews were conducted with both groups of border migrants. By
studying the experiences of border migrants, the research shows the
evolution of government policies in an era of increased border
enforcement and their effects on men's migration patterns and
employment experiences. While at one time Tijuana was the major
crossing point for California-bound undocumented migrants, its place
in the international labor migration system has changed. Today,
Tijuana is no longer the main artery for California-bound undocumented
migration, but the city continues to occupy an important place in
Mexican migration history. The study begins by examining braceros'
internal migration to the Sonoran cotton industry. I argue that
internal migration to the Sonoran cotton industry is a metaphor for
how Mexican labor markets provide a conduit to the international
migrant labor stream, particularly in contemporary Tijuana. The study
then investigates the labor market experiences of men after the
termination of the bracero program to reveal how their modes of
incorporation in the decades following the program altered their life
chances. It demonstrates how men's incorporation in the post-bracero
years was defined by labor markets and networks on both sides of the
border which resulted in distinct employment trajectories. Finally,
the study focuses on contemporary border crossing patterns in Tijuana
in which legal status affects the occupational mobility and migration
patterns of border crossers. I conclude that contemporary border
migration in Tijuana is a select mode of entry reserved for those with
legal documents. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by addressing
your request to ProQuest, 789 E. Eisenhower Parkway, P.O. Box 1346,
Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346. Telephone 1-800-521-3042; e-mail:
disspub@umi.com
Notice 16 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
The New Latin Nation: Immigration and the Hispanic Population of the
United States
AU: Auteur
Portes, Alejandro
SO: Source
Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race, vol. 4, no. 2, pp.
271-301, Fall 2007
DE: Descripteurs
*Labor Migration; *Transnationalism; *Borders; *Law Enforcement;
*Latin American Cultural Groups; *United States of America
AB: Résumé
This article presents an overview of the Hispanic population of the
United States, focusing on the sources of its growth, its internal
composition, its connections with the countries of origin, its role in
the U.S. economy, and the emerging second generation.
Intergenerational differences in outlooks and self-identities and the
forces leading to the emergence of a "thick" Hispanic identity in the
second generation are examined. The obstacles to successful
integration faced by this youthful population and evidence of both
"upward" and "downward" assimilation among its members are analyzed.
Implications for the field of race and ethnic relations and for public
policy toward immigrants and their offspring are discussed. Adapted
from the source document.
Notice 17 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Understanding America's Immigration "Crisis"
AU: Auteur
Massey, Douglas S.
SO: Source
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 151, no. 3,
pp. 309-327, Sept 2007
DE: Descripteurs
*United States of America; *Immigration; *Crises; *Borders; *Labor
Migration
AB: Résumé
Argues that the immigration "crisis" in the US is largely
the result of counterproductive border control policies. Immigrants
make up 12 percent of the US population & about one-third of these
are Mexicans. Although 60 percent of the Mexican immigrants are in the
US illegally, the rate of undocumented in-migration from Mexico has
not changed in 30 years in spite of the perception that there has been
a dramatic increase in border crossings. What has changed is the rate
of undocumented out-migration. Border policies attempt to encourage
the movement of goods, capital, information, services, & certain
kinds of people while preventing the movement of workers. The high
costs of this contradiction are explored. Suggested ways to improve
the situation include a new guestworker program; a temporary visa
program; greater investment in Mexico's economic development; &
shifting resources from the border to the interior to enforce tax,
labor, environmental, health, & safety laws, thereby thwarting
employers from hiring undocumented migrants. Figures. J. Lindroth
Notice 18 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
New Faces, Old Masks: Borders and Confinements between the Desert and
the Mediterranean Sea
AU: Auteur
Zaccaria, Paola
SO: Source
Human Architecture: Journal of the Sociology of Self-Knowledge, vol.
5, no. Special Issue, pp. 305-318, Summer 2007
DE: Descripteurs
*Europe; *Decolonization; *Immigration; *Fanon, Frantz; *Derrida,
Jacques; *Freedom
AB: Résumé
This essay, which analyzes what is happening in "Fortress Europe" as a
result of (post-colonial) migration, deals with the geography and
politics of migration in the South of Italy, in Puglia and on Italy's
southernmost island, Lampedusa ("the Southern Gate to Fortress
Europe," Andrijasevic 2006) where people arriving on "despair boats"
are confined in temporary holding centers, places reminiscent of Nazi
concentration camps. Taking account of the fact that the primary
regions of origin of these undocumented migrants have been identified
by NGO (ARCI and Medecins sans Frontieres) as the Middle East,
Maghreb, Horn of Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa, the essay examines
Fanon's theory on the specular distortion, violence, and rejection
arising from the racist encounters between colonizers and colonized,
as expressed in The Wretched of the Earth, to see if and how his
thought can be useful in reading contemporary violent relations
between ex-colonizers and post-colonial peoples. Adopting Fanon's
scheme-humanism, justice, cosmopolitanism, the constructivity of
race-as guidelines for a discussion of contemporary migration, the
essay questions the transplanting of hierarchization and apartheid
practices into European nation-states faced with the perspective of a
univers concentrationnaire. Then it tries to find ways to dismantle
this perspective and offer an epistemologico-political alternative
with the help of Fanon's view that "total liberation concerns every
aspect of personality" -- re-read through a displaced female Algerian
intellectual, Assia Djebar, who writes of decolonization as a definite
break with the legacy of violence and mourning that Fanon was
nevertheless imbued with. The self-exiled Algerian writer goes as far
as stripping down the Algerian national language as an act of
decolonization, beyond postcoloniality, in order to redefine freedom.
Issues also discussed are: citizenship and denizens (Arendt, Agamben),
the right to citizenship as a human right, cohabitation versus
militarization, droit de cite (Balibar, Derrida), right to write as
existence. Adapted from the source document.
Notice 19 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Challenging Alliances: Lobbying from the Perspective of 'weak actors'
Negotiating Social Rights of Undocumented Migrants in the European
Union
AU: Auteur
Schwenken, Helen
SO: Source
Peripherie, vol. 27, no. 105-106, pp. 35-56, May 2007
DE: Descripteurs
*Alliance; *European Union; *Migrants; *Lobbying; *Nongovernmental
Organizations; *Social Movements; *Interest Groups; *Transnationalism;
*Social Networks
AB: Résumé
The paper discusses various attempts of forming coalitions to support
undocumented migrants in the European Union. The author refers
theoretically to the widespread assumption in N GO & social
movement studies that transnational advocacy networks (Keck &
Sikkink) enable 'weak interests' to be better heard; further it deals
with the question of alliances between NGOs & business
organizations, a strategy which gained importance in some policy
fields such as labor rights & environmentalism. However, the
empirical evidences of the author show that it is difficult to build
alliances in the field of undocumented migration, both among NGOs
& between NGOs & business actors. Among others, one reason is
the rather narrow common denominator on such a controversial issue
& the political opportunity structure at the level of the European
Union; another reason lies in diverging political cultures of business
& pro-migrant NGOs. The paper pleas for a stronger recognition of
'weak actors' such as self-organizations of migrants & antiracist
groups. These forces open up new perspectives on the issue of social
rights for undocumented migrants which have been underestimated up to
now. References. Adapted from the source document.
Notice 20 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Driven to Despair: Asylum Deaths in the UK
AU: Auteur
Athwal, Harmit; Bourne, Jenny
SO: Source
Race and Class, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 106-114, Apr-June 2007
DE: Descripteurs
*United Kingdom; *Refugees; *Racism; *Self Destructive Behavior;
*Detention; *Death; *Asylum
AB: Résumé
The authors examine recent research from the Institute of Race
Relations, which documents the deaths of over 200 asylum seekers &
undocumented migrants who have lost their lives trying to reach the UK
or in work-related accidents, as a result of racial attacks &,
most often, as a result of self-harm, especially in detention centres.
[Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Ltd., copyright 2007
Institute of Race Relations.]
Notice 21 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Borders for Whom? The Role of NAFTA in Mexico-U.S. Migration
AU: Auteur
Fernandez-Kelly, Patricia; Massey, Douglas S.
SO: Source
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,
vol. 610, pp. 98-118, Mar 2007
DE: Descripteurs
*Immigrants; *United States of America; *Borders; *International
Trade; *Immigration Policy; *Mexico; *Migrant Workers
AB: Résumé
In this article, the authors first give attention to main factors that
resulted in the passage of NAFTA and subsequently investigate Mexican
migration to the United States during roughly the same period that the
bilateral treaty has been in effect. At the center of the relationship
between economic liberalization and immigration is the paradox of
increasing capital mobility and attempts at controlling more tightly
the movement of immigrant workers. Although immigration from Mexico
has remained flat over the past ten years, the Mexican population in
the United States has grown rapidly, partly as a result of the
unanticipated effects of harsh immigration policies since 1986. Prior
to that date, Mexicans engaged in cyclical movements, but as security
measures became harsher, especially in the 9/11 period, more
immigrants and their families settled in the United States hoping to
avert the dangers of exit and reentry. This analysis shows the slanted
function of borders that have become permeable for capital but
increasingly restrictive for immigrants. [Reprinted by permission of
Sage Publications Inc., copyright 2007 The American Academy of
Political and Social Science.]
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TI: Titre
Janitors, Street Vendors, and Activists: The Lives of Mexican
Immigrants in Silicon Valley
AU: Auteur
English-Lueck, J A
SO: Source
American Anthropologist, vol. 109, no. 1, pp. 230-231, 2007
DE: Descripteurs
*Janitors; *Aliens; *Nonfiction; *Working conditions; *Families &
family life; *Silicon; *Labor unions; *Field study
AB: Résumé
Christian Zlolniski has produced a rich ethnographic tapestry that
will benefit scholars of U.S. immigration, labor, and community
politics, and the growing body of social scientific work done on the
Silicon Valley region. Laura's snacks feed the bachelor janitors,
Arturo's paletas (street-vendor popsicles) sales mask a kind of
flexible low-wage franchising, and Gustavo's dental business provides
needed low-cost medical services while allowing him to accumulate
capital for a dental office back in Mexico. Bilingual education, power
politics in school site councils, neighborhood engagements with
landlords, and the obtainment of drivers' licenses for undocumented
migrants are focal points that lead women from issue activism into
ethnic politics as they learn to recast their identities and mobilize
their efforts.
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TI: Titre
Battling for Survival, Battling for Moral Clarity: "Illegality" and
Illness in the Everyday Struggles of Undocumented HIV+ Women Migrant
Workers in Tel Aviv
AU: Auteur
Rosenthal, Anat
SO: Source
International Migration, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 134-156, 2007
DE: Descripteurs
*Morality; *Everyday Life; *Undocumented Immigrants; *Females;
*Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; *Israel
AB: Résumé
Undocumented migrant workers living with HIV/AIDS in Israel, like
their counterparts elsewhere, are doubly abject due to their lack of
legal status on one hand and their ill health on the other. Unlike
Israeli citizens living with HIV/AIDS, who can access an array of
state funded treatments and support services, undocumented migrant
workers living with HIV/AIDS are marginalized both by the state's
exclusive immigration regime and by its efforts to shake off
responsibility for their health needs. At the same time, HIV treatment
and care are generally unavailable in migrants' countries of origin.
Despite the state's exclusionary orientation and in contradiction of
official policies, certain forms of HIV treatment are available to
undocumented migrants through the day-to-day efforts of a small array
of activist Israeli NGOs, (state-employed) doctors, and state
officials. The tension between these simultaneous, oppositional
processes of exclusion and inclusion generate a "gray area"- a zone of
competing values, claims and interests- in which undocumented migrants
living with HIV/AIDS and these other stakeholders search for new
options and possibilities while continually taking pains to protect
their own varied, and often competing, interests. Actors thus
constantly bargain with laws, health policies, and one another in a
collective battle not only over migrants' chances of survival, but
also over the rationality and the morality underlying the state's "and
their own" decisions and choices. Anchored within this complex,
indeterminate zone, the present article draws upon ethnographic field
research conducted among undocumented HIV+ migrant women in Tel Aviv
to explore some of the stakes, mechanisms, and outcomes of these
complicated, high stakes negotiation processes. Adapted from the
source document.
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TI: Titre
In-Between Places: Trans-Saharan Transit Migrants in Morocco and the
Fragmented Journey to Europe
AU: Auteur
Collyer, Michael
SO: Source
Antipode, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 668-690, 2007
DE: Descripteurs
*Social Networks; *Morocco; *Africa; *Migrants; *Europe; *Social
Movements; *Transnationalism; *Motivation
AB: Résumé
As undocumented migration becomes more difficult, migrants' journeys
become longer and more fragmented. This is a response to new
spatialities of migration control which are continually reconfigured
in an effort to eliminate clandestine movement. In the trans-Saharan
region, this pattern of fragmented journeys also arises from a network
of transnational social organisations that depend upon newly available
technologies. Migrants' social networks provide both the means and the
motivation for continued movement, even as destinations become more
elusive. This paper investigates the imbalanced conflict between the
social organisation of Sahara transit migrants and the developing
spatial logic of control. It is based on recent research with
undocumented migrants in Morocco. Adapted from the source document.
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TI: Titre
Striving for a Better Position. Aspirations and Resources of Irregular
Migrants in Belgium
AU: Auteur
van Meeteren, Masja; Engbersen, Godfried; van San, Marion
SO: Source
Tijdschrift voor Sociologie, vol. 28, no. 3-4, pp. 296-320, 2007
DE: Descripteurs
*Belgium; *Labor Migration; *Migrant Workers; *Aspiration; *Resources;
*Cultural Capital
AB: Résumé
Drawing upon 120 semi-structured interviews with irregular migrants in
Belgium, this article focuses on their aspirations & the resources
needed in order to realise these aspirations. It is demonstrated that
specific aspirations require specific resources. A typology is
constructed, based on three types of aspirations with corresponding
resources. First, investment migrants, whose migration is aimed at
achieving upward social mobility in their country of origin, require
job competences (cultural capital) & social leverage (social
capital). Second, legalisation migrants, who aspire to obtain legal
residency, require different forms of capital, depending on the
marriage market they are active on. Thirdly, residence migrants,
aiming at residing legally or illegally in the receiving society,
require both social support & social leverage (combined social
capital). These findings indicate it is important to adopt a
contextualised approach studying the mechanisms through which various
forms of capital lead to different outcomes for irregular migrants.
Adapted from the source document.
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TI: Titre
Senegalese Labor Migration to Antwerp: A Life-Course Analysis
AU: Auteur
Van Nieuwenhuyze, Inge
SO: Source
Tijdschrift voor Sociologie, vol. 28, no. 3-4, pp. 321-343, 2007
DE: Descripteurs
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Labor Migration; *Belgium; *Southern
African Cultural Groups; *Migrant Workers
AB: Résumé
This research focuses on an element of migratory experience that has
been relatively neglected thus far: a dynamic view of changes over
time. The material underpinning the arguments is the qualitative
life-course analysis of 35 in-depth interviews with Senegalese
migrants living in Antwerp. I describe how respondents may move from
purely survival stages, over phases of looking for a regularisation of
their legal status, to a more stable context in which they can invest
in improving their socio-economic situation. In analysing their life
courses, attention is paid to the changing roles of community, the
legal context, & the relationship with home. An in-depth insight
is given into the lives of migrants, the limits, rights, &
possibilities for getting by in an urban setting. The project shows
how a more dynamic approach on the position of newly arrived migrants
in receiving economies improves the static perspective common to most
theories. Adapted from the source document.
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TI: Titre
Paradoxes of providing aid: NGOs, medicine, and undocumented migration
in Berlin, Germany
AU: Auteur
Castaneda, Heide
SO: Source
Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social
Sciences, vol. 68, no. 03, pp. 1051, 2007
DE: Descripteurs
*Nongovernmental Organizations; *Health Care Services; *Migrant
Workers; *Undocumented Immigrants; *Citizenship; *Humanitarianism;
*Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany
AB: Résumé
This dissertation examines the paradoxes involved in offering medical
aid to undocumented migrants in Berlin, Germany. Coinciding with the
end of guestworker programs in the 1970s, undocumented migrants have
increasingly filled gaps in the German labor market. Political
pressures following reunification, along with border militarization in
the wake of European Union expansion, have resulted in restrictions on
legal entry. However, neoliberal reforms in the labor market and a
rapidly aging population have resulted in high demand for undocumented
workers in particular sectors of the economy. At the same time,
soaring unemployment and nationalist sentiments have made immigration
unpopular, with political parties negatively predisposed to assuring
the rights of migrant workers. One such right is access to health care
services in a nation with a traditionally universal system of
coverage. Undocumented migrants are officially denied 'medical
citizenship' and must rely upon humanitarian aid provided by
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). This study examines the
experiences of multiple stakeholders, particularly physicians and NGOs
that provide medical aid. It draws upon the anthropology of health
policy, a critical approach within medical anthropology. Fieldwork in
Berlin during 2004-2006 included participant observation at an
outpatient clinic, which yielded case studies of 204 undocumented
patients, along with sixty-one interviews. Results indicate that in
Germany, certain minimal rights are technically available to migrants;
however, they are not assured access to these rights. This underscores
the importance of utilizing legal status as a unifying measure of
analysis. I argue that the state absolves itself of responsibility by
handing off the provision of services to the NGO sector. While laws
criminalize the provision of medical aid, they are only selectively
enforced, and organizations are recognized for their volunteer work
through awards and commendations. These paradoxes allow the state to
square the contradiction of condemning yet relying upon undocumented
migration. This dissertation presents an ethnographic portrait of the
single largest source of medical aid for undocumented migrants in
Germany, providing an analysis of patient characteristics and
illnesses. Prenatal care highlights the interplay between race,
reproduction, and citizenship, and offers a particularly poignant
window into the challenges of nation-building in contemporary Germany.
Copies of dissertations may be obtained by addressing your request to
ProQuest, 789 E. Eisenhower Parkway, P.O. Box 1346, Ann Arbor, MI
48106-1346. Telephone 1-800-521-3042; email: disspub@umi.com
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Undocumented Bulgarian Immigrants in Brussels
AU: Auteur
Paspalanova, Mila
SO: Source
Kolor, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 47-61, Nov 2006
DE: Descripteurs
*Bulgaria; *Undocumented Immigrants; *Brussels, Belgium; *Migration;
*Social Integration
AB: Résumé
This article seeks to offer a broad description of the Bulgarian
undocumented migrants in Brussels, which are a relatively recent
phenomenon in the Belgian migration scene. The presented results are
based on semi-standardized interviews with 90 Bulgarian undocumented
migrants in Brussels, identified & sampled through snowball
sampling. The focus is on the demographic profiles, the reasons for
migration, the professional activities & the social integration of
the undocumented Bulgarians. It is revealed that the population under
study is ethnically heterogeneous & that it also includes people
with professional & educational qualifications who, however,
cannot succeed in securing economic stability in Bulgaria. References.
Adapted from the source document.
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TI: Titre
The Smuggling of Migrants in Greece: An Examination of its Social
Organization
AU: Auteur
Antonopoulos, Georgios A.; Winterdyk, John
SO: Source
European Journal of Criminology, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 439-461, Oct 2006
DE: Descripteurs
*Greece; *Smuggling; *Migrants; *Comparative Analysis
AB: Résumé
The smuggling of migrants is not a new phenomenon but in recent years
it has attracted increasing international attention. Within the
European context, Greece represents a unique case because of its
social, economic, political and geographical location. Drawing on a
variety of information sources, such as interviews with the police,
official statistics, informal interviews with migrants in the country,
and interviews with two retired migrant smugglers, this article
examines the social organization of migrant smuggling in Greece.
[Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications, Ltd., copyright 2006.]
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TI: Titre
Making Theological Sense of the Migration Journey from Latin America:
Catholic, Protestant, and Interfaith Perspectives
AU: Auteur
Hagan, Jacqueline
SO: Source
American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 49, no. 11, pp. 1554-1573, July
2006
DE: Descripteurs
*Religious Cultural Groups; *Borders; *Migration Patterns;
*Immigration Policy; *Religious Orders; *Churches
AB: Résumé
This article focuses on the ways in which religious workers in Central
America, Mexico, and U.S. border areas respond to the increasing
dangers that confront undocumented migrants as a consequence of the
militarization of international borders in the region. Drawing on
interviews with religious leaders who work with departing and
journeying migrants, this article examines the theological bases for
pastoral care and social justice actions for migrants in the context
of current immigration law and policy. Findings suggest that the
Catholic church embraces a communitarian social theology that
translates into social justice activities when it comes to migration
matters. Protestant churches remain divided when it comes to
immigration matters, with mainline Protestant workers aligning
themselves with Catholic workers. In contrast, Pentecostal and
Evangelical workers, who maintain an individualistic orientation, shy
away from immigration politics, focusing instead on the needs and
salvation of individual members of their ministries. References.
[Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright 2006.]
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TI: Titre
The field of work and the work of the field: Conceptualising an
anthropological research engagement
AU: Auteur
Kalir, Barak
SO: Source
Social Anthropology, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 235-246, Jun 2006
DE: Descripteurs
*Fieldwork; *Bourdieu, Pierre; *Ethnography; *Anthropologists;
*Habitus; *Israel
AB: Résumé
This article aims to examine our positioning process as ethnographers
in the field. Drawing on my fieldwork in Israel among non-Jewish
undocumented migrants who initially were extremely reluctant to
cooperate with my research, I highlight the power of informants to
largely dictate the conditions for an engagement with an
anthropologist, and define the parameters of proximity. This power of
informants, or more generally of the 'field', brings to the fore the
existing tension between our strategic design of methods and their
tactical implementation during fieldwork. By applying Bourdieu's
conceptualisation of a 'field', I seek to emphasize both the
relational configuration and habitus of actors, as generative elements
that shape our interactions and position in the field. I particularly
focus on our ingrained dispositions that can sometimes significantly
direct our tactical management of crucial situations in the field, and
shape our sense of ethics. Echoing Marcus (1995) and following
Bourdieu's insights, I finally suggest that we should try to exercise
self-reflexivity as an element of method before and throughout our
fieldwork, rather than use it retrospectively to account for our
distinctive involvement and the ways it might have impacted our
informants and collected data. Adapted from the source document.
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TI: Titre
Conducting Research among Smuggled Migrants in the Netherlands and
Austria: Methodological Reflections
AU: Auteur
Bilger, Veronika; van Liempt, Ilse
SO: Source
Migraciones, no. 19, pp. 165-185, June 2006
DE: Descripteurs
*Smuggling; *Immigration; *Life History; *Asylum; *Austria;
*Netherlands
AB: Résumé
Qualitative research among smuggled migrants raises methodological as
well as ethical questions. In this article the implications of
fieldwork among this specific group of people are thoroughly
discussed. Also migrants who have been smuggled have a past, a travel
experience & some have a confrontation with immigration officers
which can have a concrete impact on the story provided to the
researcher & as such on the data collection. Besides, once the
story is told, the researcher is responsible for how best to deal with
this often secret information. References. Adapted from the source
document.
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TI: Titre
A Safe Return for Victims of Trafficking
AU: Auteur
Willemsen, Eline
SO: Source
Forced Migration Review, no. 25, pp. 30-31, May 2006
DE: Descripteurs
*Return Migration; *Victims; *Smuggling; *Netherlands; *Undocumented
Immigrants
AB: Résumé
The Dutch focus on the expulsion of undocumented migrants hinders the
protection of victims of trafficking. Adapted from the source
document.
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TI: Titre
Mexican Migration towards the United States: The Close Reforms and
Future Challenges
AU: Auteur
Tuiran, Rodolfo
SO: Source
Papeles de Poblacion, vol. 12, no. 48, pp. 9-31, Apr-June 2006
DE: Descripteurs
*United States of America; *Mexico; *Mexican Americans; *Borders;
*Immigration Policy; *Decriminalization
AB: Résumé
This article emphasizes the increasing importance of the mexican
migration to the United States & examines its distinctive
characteristics & some of the present & future challenges for
Mexico derived from this phenomenon. It examines briefly one of the
few attempts to negotiate some responses of both governments to face
this phenomenon from a bilateral perspective. It also concentrates its
attention to the recent legislative action in the United States with
the goal of evaluating some of the possible consequences for Mexico
derived from the hypothetical implementation of such measures as the
reinforcement of border control, a temporary workers program & the
legalization of a huge number of undocumented migrants. Finally, this
article considers that the debate about immigration reform in the
United States should push Mexico to review its own policy on this
matter. References. Adapted from the source document.
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TI: Titre
Emigration from Zimbabwe: Migrant Perspectives
AU: Auteur
Bloch, Alice
SO: Source
Social Policy and Administration, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 67-87, Feb 2006
DE: Descripteurs
*Migration; *Employment; *Payments; *Zimbabwe
AB: Résumé
This article explores migration from Zimbabwe to the UK and South
Africa and the experiences of the receiving countries from the
perspective of the migrants. It provides a critical examination of the
impact of structural barriers in both the UK and South Africa on the
economic experiences of migrants. The effects of immigration status,
due to the exclusion of asylum-seekers in the UK and the presence of
undocumented migrants in the UK and South Africa, is explored in
relation to employment and remittance activities. The clear evidence
of the deskilling taking place among the majority of Zimbabwean
migrants - and its impact on remittances and other forms of
transnational support - is also examined. The article concludes that
any real commitment to alleviating global poverty on the part of the
world's migrant receiving countries must include a re-examination of
barriers to employment, education and the use of skills, since these
barriers not only have a short-term impact on remittances to the
sending country and fiscal capacity to contribute in the receiving
country, but will also impact on longer-term development should the
migrants return to their country of origin. Tables, Figures, y,
References. Adapted from the source document.
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AU:
SO:
DE:
AB:
Liminal Legality: Salvadoran and Guatemalan Immigrants' Lives in the
United States
Auteur
Menjivar, Cecilia
Source
American Journal of Sociology, vol. 111, no. 4, pp. 999-1037, Jan
2006
Descripteurs
*Latin American Cultural Groups; *Immigrants; *Assimilation; *United
States of America; *Law; *Citizenship; El Salvador; Guatemala
Résumé
This article examines the effects of an uncertain legal status on the
lives of immigrants, situating their experiences within frameworks of
citizenship/belonging & segmented assimilation, & using Victor
Turner's concept of liminality & Susan Coutin's "legal
nonexistence." It questions black-&-white conceptualizations
of documented & undocumented immigration by exposing the gray area
of "liminal legality" & examines how this in-between
status affects the individual's social networks & family, the
place of the church in immigrants' lives, & the broader domain of
artistic expression. Empirically, it draws on ethnographic fieldwork
conducted among Salvadoran & Guatemalan immigrants in San
Francisco, Los Angeles, Washington, D.C., & Phoenix from 1989 to
2001. The article lends support to arguments about the continued
centrality of the nation-state in the lives of immigrants. References.
Adapted from the source document.
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TI: Titre
Lampedusa in Focus: Migrants Caught between the Libyan Desert and the
Deep Sea
AU: Auteur
Andrijasevic, Rutvica
SO: Source
Feminist Review, no. 82, pp. 120-125, 2006
DE: Descripteurs
*Libya; *Arid Zones; *Immigration Policy
AB: Résumé
This article gives a historical account and political analysis
regarding immigration policies of detention and removal of
undocumented migrants in Europe and Libya. Adapted from the source
document.
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TI: Titre
The Migration of Workers at the Dawn of the Millenium
AU: Auteur
Aragones, Ana Maria
SO: Source
Sociologica, vol. 21, no. 60, pp. 15-42, Jan-Apr 2006
DE: Descripteurs
*Labor Migration; *Migrant Workers; *Immigration Policy; *Twenty First
Century; *Undocumented Immigrants; *Demographic Change
AB: Résumé
This article analyzes some of the new characteristics of workers'
migration at the dawn of the millennium, & the role it plays in
their destination societies. Firstly, worldwide restrictions on
migration are key, contrasting precisely with the unrestricted
international flow of other factors of production, when historically
they had moved together & in the same direction. One of the
consequences of this abnormal situation has been the extraordinary
increase in undocumented migrants, as well as the role they play in
the new productive processes. Finally, the article presents a
preliminary look at the positive demographic effect of migration in
receiving countries, which, paradoxically, have effected
anti-immigrant policies. Tables, Graphs, References. Adapted from the
source document.
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TI: Titre
Contesting Europe's Borders: How Do Undocumented Migrants Articulate
and Organize Themselves while Crossing Borders?
AU: Auteur
Schwenken, Helen
SO: Source
International Sociological Association, Durban, South Africa, 2006
DE: Descripteurs
*Borders; *Undocumented Immigrants; *France; *United Kingdom;
*Immigration Policy; *Political Behavior; *Mobilization
AB: Résumé
RC 48 Based on intensive empirical research between 1999 & 2003
(documentary analysis, protest event analysis), I analyse political
mobilizations by undocumented migrants in the borderland between
France & the United Kingdom. My hypothesis is that borderlands
become highly contested geographic spaces in which questions of
entry/exit/citizenship/identity etc. are negotiated. Irregular
migrants are among the relevant actors. This perspective is seldom
taken in social movement research as well as in migration studies. The
focus has mostly been on undocumented migrants already living in the
receiving states & facing hardship due to their irregular status.
I show that the migrants made use of splitted elites (in the UK &
France) & the discrepancy of the declared official policies &
the outcome, the failure of control. Migrants managed to establish a
practice & discourse of "autonomous migration" which is
disrespectful regarding migration control policies. Furthermore,
(precarious) alliance structures were establishes which contributed to
mobilizations. The theoretical framework is rooted in social movement
approaches (framing & political opportunity structures) as well as
in political science (to explain the organization of "weak
interests") & the concept of "spaces of resistance"
in Geography.
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Migration and Gender among Mexican Women
AU: Auteur
Parrado, Emilio A.; Flippen, Chenoa A.
SO: Source
American Sociological Review, vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 606-632, Aug 2005
DE: Descripteurs
*Migration; *Opposite Sex Relations; *Females; *Acculturation; *United
States of America; *Latin American Cultural Groups
AB: Résumé
Despite their importance to women's empowerment & migrant
adaptation more generally, the social & cultural processes that
determine how gender relations & expectations evolve during the
process of migration remain poorly understood. In this article, data
from a survey conducted in Durham, North Carolina & four sending
communities in Mexico are used to examine how the structures of labor,
power, & emotional attachments within the family vary by migration
& U.S. residency, women's human capital endowments, household
characteristics, & social support. Using both quantitative &
qualitative information, the main finding of the study is that the
association between migration & gender relations is not uniform
across different gender dimensions. The reconstruction of gender
relations within the family at the place of destination is a dynamic
process in which some elements brought from communities of origin are
discarded, others are modified, & still others are reinforced.
Results challenge the expectation that migrant women easily
incorporate the behavior patterns & cultural values of the United
States & illustrate the importance of selective assimilation for
understanding the diversity of changes in gender relations that
accompany migration. 9 Tables, 1 Appendix, 78 References. Adapted from
the source document.
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Ripples of Hope: Acehnese Refugees in Post-Tsunami Malaysia
AU: Auteur
Nah, Alice M.; Bunnell, Tim
SO: Source
Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 249-256,
July 2005
DE: Descripteurs
*Malaysia; *Refugees; *Natural Disasters; *Indonesia; *Undocumented
Immigrants
AB: Résumé
Examines the situation of refugees from Banda Aceh, Indonesia, who had
fled their homes for Malaysia in response to the imposition of martial
law in 2003, in the aftermath of the 26 Dec 2004 tsunami that
devastated their homeland. The tsunami struck just as the Malaysian
government was strengthening its efforts to arrest & deport
illegal immigrants; many Acehnese had already lost their jobs or been
otherwise marginalized, socially & economically. Through their
grief for the unknown fate of families left in the tsunami's wake
& hopelessness about being able to return home, the Acehnese
anticipate that the postdisaster arrival of international forces -relief agencies, troops, & humanitarian organizations -- in Aceh
may help the region's political situation. A geohistorical analysis is
offered of the relationship between Aceh & Peninsular Malaysia,
& implications for the reinvigoration of commerce & peaceful
ethnic affiliations across the Straits of Malacca in the aftermath of
the tsunami are explored. Figures, References. K. Hyatt Stewart
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TI: Titre
Controlling 'Unwanted' Immigration: Lessons from the United States,
1993-2004
AU: Auteur
Cornelius, Wayne A.
SO: Source
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 775-794,
July 2005
DE: Descripteurs
*Immigration Policy; *United States of America; *Borders;
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Law Enforcement; *Migrant Workers; *Labor
Migration
AB: Résumé
This paper evaluates the strategy for controlling 'unwanted'
immigration that has been implemented by the US government since 1993,
& suggests explanations for the failure of that strategy to
achieve its stated objectives thus far. Available evidence suggests
that a strategy of immigration control that overwhelmingly emphasises
border enforcement & short-changes interior (especially workplace)
enforcement has caused illegal entries to be redistributed along the
south-west border. The evidence also suggests that the financial cost
of illegal entry has more than quadrupled; that undocumented migrants
are staying longer in the United States; that migrant deaths resulting
from clandestine border crossings have risen sharply; & that there
has been a surge in anti-immigrant vigilante activity. Consequences
predicted by advocates of the concentrated border enforcement strategy
have not yet materialised: there is no evidence that unauthorised
migration is being deterred at the point of origin; that would-be
illegal entrants are being discouraged at the border after multiple
apprehensions by the Border Patrol & returning home; that their
employment prospects in the US have been curtailed; or that the
resident population of undocumented immigrants is shrinking. It is
argued that a severely constrained employer-sanctions enforcement
effort that has left demand for unauthorised immigrant labour intact
is the fundamental reason why steadily escalating spending on border
enforcement during the last ten years has had such a weak deterrent
effect. Reasons for the persistence of a failed immigration control
policy are discussed, & alternatives to the current policy are
evaluated. 1 Table, 3 Figures, 34 References. Adapted from the source
document.
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When Do Social Networks Fail to Explain Migration? Accounting for the
Movement of Algerian Asylum-Seekers to the UK
AU: Auteur
Collyer, Michael
SO: Source
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 699-718,
July 2005
DE: Descripteurs
*Asylum; *Refugees; *North African Cultural Groups; *Social Networks;
*North and South; *Cultural Capital; *Immigration Policy; United
Kingdom; France; Undocumented Immigrants; Kinship Networks
AB: Résumé
This paper examines the diversity of destinations of asylum-seekers in
Europe, focusing on the particular situation of asylum-seekers who
claim asylum in countries with no significant co-national population,
such as the growing Algerian community in the UK. This movement
challenges existing social network approaches to migration. It is
clear that many Algerians have family links in France & that the
majority continue to travel there, so there can be no suggestion that
social networks are no longer relevant, or do not apply to refugee
movement. However, it is apparent that most Algerians coming to
Britain also have family links to France but that strict migration
controls reduce the possibility of mobilising the social capital
inherent in these social networks. I conclude therefore that, as a
result of migration restrictions, undocumented migrants use social
networks differently, focusing on weaker ties rather than strong
family networks. Political & economic factors also influence
location decisions, especially in the absence of strong social
imperatives towards particular locations. 1 Table, 1 Figure, 43
References. Adapted from the source document.
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TI: Titre
From Ethnic Cooperation to In-Group Competition: Undocumented Polish
Workers in Brussels
AU: Auteur
Grzymala-Kazlowska, Aleksandra
SO: Source
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 675-697,
July 2005
DE: Descripteurs
*Poland; *Migrant Workers; *Undocumented Immigrants; *Social Networks;
*Belgium; *Ethnic Relations
AB: Résumé
This article analyses the appearance & expansion of Polish
irregular workers on the Belgian labour market. It discusses the
development of the Polish migrant 'community'. The problem is
considered by examining the quantitative & qualitative
transformations of migratory networks as well as changes in strategies
of accumulation of various types of migratory capital. It is argued
that the major change can be described as a shift from ethnic
cooperation within the group to an in-group rivalry within the
quasi-community. 28 References. Adapted from the source document.
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TI: Titre
The Changing Legal Status Distribution of Immigrants: A Caution
AU: Auteur
Massey, Douglas; Bartley, Katherine
SO: Source
International Migration Review, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 469-484, summer
2005
DE: Descripteurs
*Immigrants; *Census; *Classification; *Data Quality
AB: Résumé
This article presents arguments & data to show that the decennial
census & annual Current Population Surveys include immigrants
falling into four broad legal status groups: naturalized citizens;
legal immigrants; legal nonimmigrants; & undocumented migrants.
Since 1986, the relative rewards & penalties imposed on these four
categories have shifted dramatically in response to U.S. policies, as
have the relative number of foreigners in each group. In general, the
relative share of foreigners in the most vulnerable status groups has
increased, with the proportion of undocumented migrants & legal
nonimmigrants rising & that of legal immigrants falling.
Researchers using census & CPS data need to be aware of the
shifting distribution of foreigners by legal status over time & of
the changing profile of opportunities experienced by each status
group, & they need to exercise caution in their interpretation of
trends with respect to immigrant assimilation & the effects of
immigration on U.S. society. 4 Figures, 17 References. Adapted from
the source document.
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TI: Titre
Violence Associated with the Undocumented Crossing of the Mexico-USA
Border
AU: Auteur
Alonso Meneses, Guillermo
SO: Source
Nueva Antropologia, vol. 20, no. 65, pp. 113-129, May-Aug 2005
DE: Descripteurs
*Borders; *Undocumented Immigrants; *Immigration Policy; *Mortality
Rates; *Violence; *Detention; *Mexico; *United States of America
AB: Résumé
In the Mexico-USA border region, since 1993 there has been an
increased number of detentions & deaths of immigrants who enter
illegally into the U.S.A. One of the factors that caused these
problems has been the aggressive control of that country's
southwestern border. Another factor is the persistence of the Mexican
& Latin American immigrants in going to work to the U.S.A., no
matter that they must enter by dangerous areas & risk their own
lives crossing the border. From the perspective of socio-cultural
anthropology, this work analyzes statistical data & ethnographic
information to give a general view of the problems faced by immigrants
& to select evidences that allow us to distinguish the different
types of violence & the actors engaged in such situations. This
may help to explain why more than three thousand undocumented migrants
have died in the Mexico-USA border region, in the period between 1993
& 2003. References. Adapted from the source document.
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TI: Titre
Undocumented Workers and New Migration Destinations
AU: Auteur
Aragones Castaner, Ana Maria; Dunn, Timothy
SO: Source
Politica y Cultura, no. 23, pp. 43-65, spring 2005
DE: Descripteurs
*Globalization; *Labor Migration; *Economic Conditions; *Undocumented
Immigrants; *United States of America; *Mexico
AB: Résumé
This paper studies the new economic conditions that give rise to
migratory flows under the aegis of globalization. It analyzes new
working processes based on increased labor flexibility &
deregulation, which favor the employment of migrant workers &,
most particularly, of undocumented migrants. It questions certain
theoretical concepts, such as the role of social networks in promoting
migration, & it examines the new destinations of migration &
the role played by the United States in worldwide globalization as an
exporter of agricultural goods, the labor requirements of which
encourage the migration phenomenon. Tables. Adapted from the source
document.
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TI: Titre
Mexico-US Migration: Views from Both Sides of the Border
AU: Auteur
Hill, Kenneth; Wong, Rebeca
SO: Source
Population and Development Review, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 1-18, Mar 2005
DE: Descripteurs
*Latin American Cultural Groups; *Mexico; *Migrants; *Migration
Patterns; *Undocumented Immigrants; *United States of America;
*Estimation
AB: Résumé
Migration to the United States increased sharply in the 1980s &
1990s, raising political concerns. The immigrant flow from Mexico,
both authorized & unauthorized, was particularly large. Good data
would contribute to rational discussion of this politically charged
issue, but data on immigration, particularly of the unauthorized, are
notoriously poor. This article applies residual estimation techniques
to data from the 1990 & 2000 population censuses of Mexico &
the United States (Mexico-born population) to quantify the intercensal
migration flow, arguing that the reasons why unauthorized migrants
might avoid enumeration in the United States would not adversely
affect data from Mexico. Results suggest that the annual net flow of
migrants aged 10 to 80 years from Mexico to the United States averaged
between 324,000 & 440,000 between 1990 & 2000. A sensitivity
analysis indicates that these results are quite robust (especially
those using US data) to likely errors. 5 Tables, 4 Figures, 19
References. Adapted from the source document.
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TI: Titre
English Matters? Undocumented Mexican Transmigration and the
Negotiation of Language and Identities in a Global Economy
AU: Auteur
Ullman, Char
SO: Source
Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social
Sciences, vol. 65, no. 9, pp. 3332-A, Mar 2005
DE: Descripteurs
*Language Acquisition; *Undocumented Immigrants; *Migrant Workers;
*English Language; *Employment Opportunities; *Language Usage; *Second
Language Learning; *Motivation; *Mexican Americans; Arizona
AB: Résumé
Does learning English help undocumented Mexican transmigrants get
better jobs in the United States? In this transborder ethnography, I
worked with three households of undocumented people in Tucson, Arizona
and traveled to their hometowns in Mexico, to better understand the
context of their migration. For these migrants, speaking English did
not lead to better jobs. Some employers tried to prevent them from
learning English. Others were fired for using English to complain
about unpaid wages. One person who was fired was replaced by a
monolingual Spanish speaker. Many Americans think that all immigrants
must learn English, and this discourse is common, both in the
political and educational arenas. However, this study demonstrates
that alongside this social discourse, there is a parallel economic
discourse, urging the production of docile workers. Docility means not
speaking English. Despite these findings, the discourse of "learning
English in order to find better work" is a persistent one among the
undocumented. I traced its origins and found that it begins shortly
after a migrant arrives in the U.S. If English did not lead to better
jobs, why did migrants learn it? For some people, it was because
English helped them perform the identity of a U.S. citizen. They used
self-consciously constructed semiotic and linguistic performances to
appear Chicano/a, and these performances lessened their anxiety about
deportation. For others, English was a conflicted symbol. Although it
was a symbol of wealth, and therefore desirable, using it in public
could easily reveal one's legal status to the wrong interlocutor.
There are significant obstacles to the use of English among
undocumented Mexican transmigrants, and language use is essential for
language mastery. This study encourages those who teach English to
Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) to understand the social structures
that impact their students' language use. With implications for
education, border, and immigration policy, this study sheds light on
the lived experiences of undocumented migrants and brings language and
language use into conversations about globalization. Understanding
transmigrants' experiences and ideologies offers a new lens to
theorizing social inequality and human agency, and ultimately, to
creating more humane borders.
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TI: Titre
Human Trade and the Criminalization of Irregular Migration
AU: Auteur
Lee, Maggy
SO: Source
International Journal of the Sociology of Law, vol. 33, no. 1, pp.
1-15, Mar 2005
DE: Descripteurs
*Immigration; *Smuggling; *Prostitution; *Immigration Policy;
*Imprisonment; *Criminalization
AB: Résumé
This article documents the criminalization of irregular migration. The
growth of civil wars & political & economic inequalities has
led to a rising number of transnational border crossings & a
corresponding expansion of state means of regulating migration.
Various economic & social causes impel actors to migrate either
legally or illegally, & state policies may unintentionally shape
the nature & experience of illegal migration rather than control
migration overall. On the other hand, states' overly narrow
conceptions of trafficking as covering only the sexual exploitation of
women & as being distinct from smuggling (presumably voluntary)
ignores the complexity of the situation, where coercion exists in even
in nonsexual labor & in formally voluntary arrangements.
Nevertheless, there is a growing tendency to punish irregular
migrants. Again, policies such as managing migration through work
permits pushes irregular migrants into illegal activities in order to
avoid detection. Given inequities in the policy-driven likelihood that
members of different class, racial, & gender groups will be
involved in irregular migration, the criminalization of irregular
migration (including, increasingly, imprisonment) is seen as
especially troubling. 66 References. C. Ong-Dean
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TI: Titre
The Development of a Migratory Disposition: Explaining a "New
Emigration"
AU: Auteur
Kalir, Barak
SO: Source
International Migration, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 167-196, 2005
DE: Descripteurs
*Latin American Cultural Groups; *Motivation; *Migration Patterns;
*Immigration; *Emigration; *Israel
AB: Résumé
Since the late 1990s, migration from Ecuador has diversified with
migrants now targeting a range of new destinations. By highlighting
the recent immigration of non-Jewish undocumented migrants from
Ecuador to Israel, this article looks to discern not only a new
trajectory but primarily a new type of migrant. Empirical findings
point in the direction of an increased number of migrants who operate
their migration largely from outside the realm of transnational
networks. These migrants have no established connection in their
destination & they thus also base their decision to migrate there
upon very little information, which is usually obtained from an
acquaintance who had been there. It appears that these migrants make
their decision to migrate in an individual & hasty manner. Often
they do not deliberate their migration plans with their close family
& household. Nonetheless, once they have successfully operated
their migration independently, they then regularly serve as pioneers
who encourage & facilitate the migration of their relatives &
friends. References. Adapted from the source document.
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TI: Titre
The "Misfortunes" of Fosterage in France: The Case of "Little Maids"
from the Ivory Coast
AU: Auteur
Deshusses, Mathias
SO: Source
Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines, vol. 45, no. 3-4, pp. 731-750, 2005
DE: Descripteurs
*France; *Domestics; *Undocumented Immigrants; *Females; *Labor
Policy; *Exploitation; *Foster Care
AB: Résumé
Several young women from the Ivory Coast work in France as maids for
persons from their homeland who have residence or work permits. The
immense majority of these young women are undocumented migrants
employed under conditions contrary to labor law. Some of them are
exploited to the utmost, but a minority have managed to take their
employers to court. According to these women, their families in the
Ivory Coast entrusted them to "foster" families in France. By studying
their testimonies and examining homeland customs of fosterage, it can
be seen that these traditions are misused so frequently not only in
France but also in big cities in the Ivory Coast. References. Adapted
from the source document.
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TI: Titre
The Effect of Legalization on the Labor Markets of Latin American
Immigrants: A Gendered Comparison
AU: Auteur
Aguilera, Michael Bernabe
SO: Source
Sociological Focus, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 349-369, Nov 2004
DE: Descripteurs
*Decriminalization; *Labor Migration; *Labor Market; *Wages; *Latin
American Cultural Groups; *Undocumented Immigrants; *Sex Differences;
*Immigration Policy
AB: Résumé
The impact of legalization on the labor market outcomes of those Latin
American immigrants granted amnesty by the Immigration, Reform, &
Control Act of 1986 is considered, paying special attention to
differences between men & women. I utilize the Legalized
Population Survey (1988 & 1992) to test several hypotheses token
from the literature about legalization. Contrary to previous research
indicating that legalization was beneficial only to male immigrants, I
show that legalization improved the labor market outcomes of both men
& women using several measures of improvement. I also show that
returns to human capital significantly increased after legalization
for both Latin American males & females. 5 Tables, 1 Appendix, 44
References. Adapted from the source document.
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TI: Titre
Measuring Undocumented Migration
AU: Auteur
Massey, Douglas S.; Capoferro, Chiara
SO: Source
International Migration Review, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 1075-1102, fall
2004
DE: Descripteurs
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Migration Patterns; *Longitudinal Studies;
*Measurement; *Surveys; *Methodology (Data Collection); Mexico; United
States of America
AB: Résumé
This article reviews standard sources of demographic data-censuses,
intercensal surveys, registration systems, & specialized surveys
& describes their inability to provide accurate data on
immigrants, particularly those without documents. We discern a need
for data that can identify undocumented migrants & their
characteristics, measure trends over time, support longitudinal
research, compare the characteristics of migrants before & after
they enter, provide sufficient sample sizes for detailed analyses,
study transitions between different legal statuses & movements
back & forth, & monitor the effects of policy changes on a
timely basis. We suggest that the ethnosurvey design satisfies these
criteria. We describe the theory, structure, & organization of the
ethnosurvey & then describe its application in the Mexican
Migration Project. We then highlight its application in other
locations around the world & outline an agenda for future
comparative research. 4 Tables, 1 Figure, 30 References. Adapted from
the source document.
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TI: Titre
The Unauthorized Residency Status Myth: Health Insurance Coverage and
Medical Care Use among Mexican Immigrants in California
AU: Auteur
Marcelli, Enrico A.
SO: Source
Migraciones Internacionales, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 5-35, July-Dec 2004
DE: Descripteurs
*Health Care Services; *Health Insurance; *California; *Immigrants;
*Residents; *Mexican Americans; *Epidemiology
AB: Résumé
Informed by recent developments in the behavioral model of medical
care use & social epidemiology, this article employs survey data
to estimate whether unauthorized residency status among non-elderly
Mexican & other-Latino immigrant adults in California influenced
the probability of having had health insurance & having received
medical care. Unauthorized residency status is estimated to have
decreased the probability of having been insured, & augmented the
probability of having relied on public health insurance. However,
after controlling for other individual characteristics, neighborhood
context, & social capital, neither insurance nor residency status
appears to have influenced whether a person obtained needed medical
care. Rather, neighborhood context, difficulty locating a medical care
facility, & civic engagement appear to be more important for
understanding use of medical services. Tables, Figures, References.
Adapted from the source document.
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TI: Titre
The Impact of Hukou Status on Migrants' Employment: Findings from the
1997 Beijing Migrant Census
AU: Auteur
Guo, Fei; Iredale, Robyn
SO: Source
International Migration Review, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 709-731, summer
2004
DE: Descripteurs
*Labor Migration; *Urban Areas; *Employment Opportunities; *Labor
Market Segmentation; *Registration; *Peoples Republic of China
AB: Résumé
This article uses new data to analyze whether the 1990s brought a
change in terms of migrants' access to urban jobs. The November 1997
"Beijing Migrant Census" provides a unique data set that
enables a quantitative assessment of non-locally registered migrants'
access to the formal sector, & more specifically to
"white-collar" occupations. The results show that a
university degree & a nonagricultural registration status are both
means of increasing access to employment in the formal sector. The
"formal" sector is defined as employment with five types of
large, relatively stable employers -- government organizations,
state-owned enterprises, joint ventures, shareholding enterprises,
& enterprises owned/invested in by foreign, Hong Kong, or
Taiwanese capital (San Zi). White collar jobs, in particular, are only
available to migrants with a university degree, with bukou status
having a limited relative effect. This article shows that qualified
migrants are penetrating the formal job market while the majority of
migrants are still taking low level jobs in the informal sector. This
dichotomy represents a recent change that could reflect a new stream
of migrants &/or more open urban employment. At the same time, the
continuing segregation or marginalization of most migrants is clearly
evident from the data. 5 Tables, 4 Figures, 27 References. Adapted
from the source document.
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TI: Titre
Life in the Twilight Zone: Migration, Transnationality and Gender in
the Private Household
AU: Auteur
Lutz, Helma
SO: Source
Journal of Contemporary European Studies, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 47-55,
Apr 2004
DE: Descripteurs
*Federal Republic of Germany; *Undocumented Immigrants; *Domestics;
*Exploitation; *Labor Migration; *Females
AB: Résumé
Explores the neglected process of the "transnationalization of
care services," which requires global flows of capital, goods,
services, & information, as well as the transnational movement of
people. Three aspects of transnationalized domestic work are
addressed: (1) domestic work as a potential space for illegal workers;
(2) how these "new servants" cope with illegality; & (3)
transnationalization of the private household. The extent & shape
of the informal, primarily female, migrant domestic labor market in
Germany is described with special attention given to recruitment,
varied employment relations, & the perilous existence of
"illegalized" workers. Domestic work is discussed as an
"opportunity space" for undocumented migrants. Although some
new servants have no specific plan for dealing with illegality, others
develop networks through which they are able to find accommodations,
employment, & information about such things as where to receive
medical treatment. Emphasis is placed on the precarious boundaries
between the private & public sphere, as well as the high emotional
price of living without important forms of security. 21 References. J.
Lindroth
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TI: Titre
Appendix: The Mexican Migration Project
AU: Auteur
Durand, Jorge; Massey, Douglas S.
SO: Source
Durand, Jorge; Massey, Douglas S.. (2004). CROSSING THE BORDER (pp.
321-336). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
DE: Descripteurs
*Methodological Problems; *Methodology (Data Collection); *Research
Methodology; *Longitudinal Studies; *Surveys; *Immigration; *United
States of America; *Mexico; *Borders
AB: Résumé
A concluding chapter explains the "ethnosurvey" methodology
employed by the Mexican Migration Project (MMP) to study patterns
& processes of undocumented migration from Mexico. The
inadequacies of other data sources for measuring undocumented
migration are pointed out, along with the benefits of ethnosurveys for
such research tasks as measuring trends, undertaking longitudinal
studies of the migration process, & comparing the characteristics
& behavior of documented/undocumented migrants. Ethnosurvey
involves both qualitative & quantitative methods that, when used
together, provide a body of data with greater reliability & more
internal validity. Specific tools used in ethnosurveys include
semi-structured interviews, the collection of life histories &
multilevel data, representative multisite sampling, parallel sampling,
& multiplicity sampling. The structure & content of the MMP
database is described, noting the organization of the material into
five basic data files that contain data on individuals, the households
themselves, the household head's most recent trip to the US, detailed
life histories for all household heads, & labor histories of all
spouses. 3 Tables, 1 Figure. J. Lindroth
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TI: Titre
The Green Card as a Matrimonial Strategy, Self-Interest in the Choice
of Marital Partners
AU: Auteur
Martinez Curiel, Enrique
SO: Source
Martinez Curiel, Enrique. (2004). CROSSING THE BORDER (pp. 86-108).
New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
DE: Descripteurs
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Marriage; *Citizenship; *Immigration
Policy; *United States of America
AB: Résumé
Draws on Mexican Migration Project data to argue that undocumented
migrants from Ameca, Jalisco increasingly travel to the US to
establish relationships with US citizens as part of a
"matrimonial strategy" which guarantees a higher standard of
living & gives undocumented migrants access to legal status
through family reunification provisions of US immigration law. The
pursuit of these marriages has resulted in mercenary attitudes toward
marriage & is associated with high subsequent rates of marital
dissolution stemming from the willingness to marry US citizens/legal
residents purely as a way to gain access to a US visa. However, an
examination of motives that push migrants to marry US citizens notes
that many of these "marriages of convenience" result in
unions that last longer than either spouse originally intended.
Consideration is given to why some migrants opt for living together
without legal or religious matrimony. The cases of numerous
individuals are citied. 3 Tables, 4 Figures, 18 References. J.
Lindroth
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TI: Titre
Survival on the Margins: Summary of a Research Project on Undocumented
Migrants in Munich
AU: Auteur
Anderson, Philip
SO: Source
Journal of International Migration and Integration, vol. 5, no. 1, pp.
53-76, winter 2004
DE: Descripteurs
*Unemployment; *Living Conditions; *Federal Republic of Germany;
*Social Problems; *Undocumented Immigrants; *Health Problems; *Social
Closure
AB: Résumé
The paper summarizes results of a research project commissioned by the
City of Munich into the social problems of undocumented migrants. The
accommodation situation, health problems, women as a vulnerable group,
employment, & the economic dimension of the undocumented as a
"silent reserve" are principal topics addressed by the
article. Analytical hypotheses on the findings are followed by
concluding remarks on recommendations to the local authority in order
to address the social & human rights concerns raised by the
precarious existential conditions faced by the sans papiers. 15
References. Adapted from the source document.
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TI: Titre
Social Capital and the Wages of Mexican Migrants: New Hypotheses and
Tests
AU: Auteur
Aguilera, Michael B.; Massey, Douglas S.
SO: Source
Social Forces, vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 671-701, Dec 2003
DE: Descripteurs
*Cultural Capital; *Immigrants; *Latin American Cultural Groups;
*Wages; *Social Networks; *United States of America; *Undocumented
Immigrants; *Migrant Workers; Working Men
AB: Résumé
In this article, we develop hypotheses about the ways in which network
ties influence wages & the circumstances under which social
capital assumes greater or lesser importance in the determination of
migrant earnings. We then test these hypotheses using data on male
Mexican migrants gathered by the Mexican Migration Project. We find
that social capital has both direct & indirect effects on migrant
wages. Indirectly, social capital influences how a job is obtained
& whether it is in the formal sector. Directly, having friends
& relatives with migratory experience improves the efficiency
& effectiveness of the job search to yield higher wages. Moreover,
the effects of social capital on wages are greater for undocumented
than documented migrants, reflecting the more tenuous labor market
position of the former. These results confirm & extend social
capital theory & underscore the importance of social networks in
understanding the determination of migrant earnings. 5 Tables, 1
Figure, 2 Appendixes, 63 References. Adapted from the source
document.
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TI: Titre
Measuring Immigrant Integration: The Case of Belgium
AU: Auteur
Phalet, Karen; Swyngedouw, Marc
SO: Source
Studi Emigrazione/Migration Studies, vol. 40, no. 152, pp. 773-804,
Dec 2003
DE: Descripteurs
*Belgium; *Immigrants; *Social Integration; *Socioeconomic Factors;
*Cultural Pluralism; *Ethnic Relations
AB: Résumé
Belgium, like its neighbors, has received pre- & postwar European
& non-European labor immigrants & their families, whose
children are forming an emerging second generation. Likewise, Belgium
attracts an increasingly diverse inflow of refugees, asylum seekers,
undocumented migrants, & EU free movers. As a multination state,
however, Belgium is also unique. Specifically, it stands out in terms
of the late & diffuse implementation of its official integration
policies, with considerable discrepancies in policy practices between
the semiautonomous regions of Flanders, Wallonia, & Brussels. This
review presents the main national data sources on the integration of
immigrant communities in the 1990s, including the 1991 census & a
series of special surveys. The main part of the paper discusses
exemplary measures & findings pertaining to socioeconomic,
cultural, & political dimensions of immigrant integration. The
analyses document contextual variation in enduring socioeconomic
disadvantage, along with cultural pluralism & multiple identities
in ethnic relations between immigrants & hosts. We conclude that
the Belgian case has wider comparative relevance, as it demonstrates
that the varying contexts of immigration & settlement, & the
more or less conflicted ethnic relations between immigrant & host
communities, make the difference between integration & exclusion.
8 Tables, 67 References. Adapted from the source document.
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TI: Titre
Survival of the Fittest? Economic Strategies of Undocumented Workers
in Brussels
AU: Auteur
Soenen, Helke
SO: Source
Kolor, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 43-54, Nov 2003
DE: Descripteurs
*Brussels, Belgium; *Undocumented Immigrants; *Migrant Workers; *Latin
American Cultural Groups; *African Cultural Groups; *Work Skills;
*Human Capital
AB: Résumé
This paper analyzes economic behavior of undocumented workers in
Brussels, Belgium, originating from Congo & Colombia. We show that
they develop specific human & social capital skills that allow
them to increase their revenue over time. We identify their most
important survival strategies. Congolese migrants seem to favor more
relational, nonmonetary strategies, while Colombians use relational
monetary strategies. 20 References. Adapted from the source document.
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Anti-Racism, Racism and Asylum-Seekers in France
AU: Auteur
Lloyd, Catherine
SO: Source
Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 323-340, Sept 2003
DE: Descripteurs
*Racism; *Protest Movements; *France; *Asylum; *Immigration;
*Refugees; *Social Movement Organizations; *Mobilization
AB: Résumé
Anti-racist movements in France have been characterized by their
strong political orientation & their tendency to be highly
centralized. However, in the past decade the increasing salience of
the position of 'new immigrants', a term that in France is used to
include asylum-seekers, has been accompanied by a shift in the form
& content of anti-racist mobilization. Support for asylum-seekers
has been provided by a multiplicity of specialist national & local
organizations developing modes of solidarity that are more akin to
welfare, social work or humanitarian aid than the more directly &
overtly political interventions common among French anti-racists. At
the same time local committees have developed in places of high
tension, but at some distance from the political limelight of Paris.
Lloyd examines some of these developments in the context of the crisis
of provision for asylum-seekers in France. After setting out some
basic information about asylum, undocumented migrants & the law in
France she examines the political debate about 'the new immigrants'
& racism. Comparing the relatively successful sans papiers
movement of the 1990s with the difficulties of organizing among &
with more isolated, transient & socially deprived asylum-seekers,
she discusses the way in which this new set of issues has challenged
the main anti-racist organizations & given rise to new actors
& alliances. Adapted from the source document.
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Christian Zionists in the Holy Land: Evangelical Churches, Labor
Migrants, and the Jewish State
AU: Auteur
Kemp, Adriana; Raijman, Rebeca
SO: Source
Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, vol. 10, no. 3, pp.
295-318, July-Sept 2003
DE: Descripteurs
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Israel; *Latin American Cultural Groups;
*Zionism; *Evangelism; *Social Integration; *Labor Migration; *Church
State Relationship; *Churches
AB: Résumé
In this article, we trace the creation of Evangelical churches created
by & for Latin American undocumented migrants in Israel. First, we
relate to the social significance of religious practices & beliefs
for migrants' individual & collective identity in the host society
& the ways through which non-Jewish labor migrants in Israel are
creating alternative spaces that operate simultaneously as a new
community of belonging. We consider the possibilities latent in the
churches as "free spaces" for foreigners in the Jewish
State, along with the limitations that participation in such a church
entails for the migrant community. The second theme involves the
universe of meanings through which believing migrants interpret their
existence & place in the Jewish State. Here, we probe how religion
becomes a way of legitimizing the migrants' presence in a Jewish state
& a means of channeling their claims for inclusion in the host
country. We delve into the modes whereby the theological position of
Christian Zionism is translated into a sociological position of
Christian migrants in a Jewish state. 1 Appendix, 50 References.
Adapted from the source document.
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Travel Agency: A Critique of Anti-Trafficking Campaigns
AU: Auteur
Sharma, Nandita
SO: Source
Refuge: Canada's Periodical on Refugees, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 53-65,
May 2003
DE: Descripteurs
*Smuggling; *Feminism; *Exploitation; *Labor Migration; *Immigration
Policy; *Social Movements; *Undocumented Immigrants
AB: Résumé
This paper offers a critical evaluation of anti-trafficking campaigns
spearheaded by some in the feminist movement in an attempt to deal
with the issues of unsafe migrations & labor exploitation. I
discuss how calls to "end trafficking, especially in women &
children" are influenced by & go on to legitimate -governmental practices to criminalize the self-willed migration of
people moving without official permission. I discuss how the
ideological frame of anti-trafficking works to reinforce restrictive
immigration practices, shore up a nationalized consciousness of space
& home, & criminalize those rendered illegal within national
territories. Anti-trafficking campaigns also fail to take into account
migrants' limited agency in the migration process. I provide
alternative routes to anti-trafficking campaigns by arguing for an
analytical framework in which the related worldwide crises of
displacement & migration are foregrounded. I argue that by
centering the standpoint of undocumented migrants a more
transformative politics emerges, one that demands that people be able
to "stay" & to "move" in a self-determined
manner. Adapted from the source document.
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Cultural Citizenship and Labor Rights for Oregon Farmworkers: The Case
of Pineros y Campesinos Unidos del Nordoeste (PCUN)
AU: Auteur
Stephen, Lynn
SO: Source
Human Organization, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 27-38, spring 2003
DE: Descripteurs
*Citizenship; *Latin American Cultural Groups; *Mexican Americans;
*Agricultural Workers; *Undocumented Immigrants; *Migrant Workers;
*Immigration Policy; *Labor Movements; Oregon; Social Movements;
Unions
AB: Résumé
This article uses the story of OR's only farmworker union, Pineros y
Campesinos Unidos del Noroeste (PCUN), & worker testimonies to
illustrate how cultural citizenship has been created for some
farmworkers through grassroots organizing around immigration,
cultural, & labor issues. The notion of "cultural
citizenship" offers anthropologists a model for understanding how
Mexican migrants in the US can be recognized as legitimate political
subjects claiming rights for themselves & their children based on
their economic & cultural contributions regardless of their
official legal status. Cultural citizenship is an alternative concept
to "legal citizenship," which labels undocumented migrants
in the US as "illegal aliens," & is a way of reaffirming
the contributions of Mexican migrants outside the framework of US
immigration law. 45 References. Adapted from the source document.
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Undocumented Migrants and Deported Residents of the State of Mexico
AU: Auteur
Anguiano Tellez, Maria Eugenia
SO: Source
Papeles de Poblacion, vol. 9, no. 36, pp. 133-160, Apr-June 2003
DE: Descripteurs
*Labor Migration; *Undocumented Immigrants; *Mexico; *United States of
America
AB: Résumé
In recent years, there has been an increase in the proportion of
native & resident persons from the state of Mexico in the flow of
international labor migrants. Based on data from two surveys conducted
in Mexico, I describe the characteristics of two groups of highly
vulnerable "mexiquense" international migrants, the
undocumented persons & the persons that have been deported by the
US Border Patrol, to extend & deepen the knowledge that we have on
international migrants coming from the "regiones
emergentes." I propose to conduct more research on this topic. 21
Tables, 7 References. Adapted from the source document.
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Governability Crisis and New Migration Policies in Latin America
AU: Auteur
Marmora, Lelio
SO: Source
Studi Emigrazione/Migration Studies, vol. 40, no. 149, pp. 5-33, Mar
2003
DE: Descripteurs
*Latin America; *Globalization; *Migration Patterns; *Immigration
Policy; *Undocumented Immigrants; *Smuggling; *Borders
AB: Résumé
Argues that Latin America, along with other continental areas, is
subjected to a "crisis in governing migration," due to
effects that globalization has on human mobility. The article begins
by examining the characteristics of this crisis -- the increase of
undocumented migrants, the surge of social conflicts, the rise in
human trafficking -- & its close connection with changes that
affect the normal authority that, in the era of globalization, states
have over the movement of people across their borders. Changes in
migration patterns in Latin America are examined. A significant flow
is still registered from Mexico, the Caribbean, & Central America
to the US, showing a substantial continuity with the past. However,
new migration flows begin to appear (eg, Brazil to Japan) or to
increase (eg, migration toward Italy & Spain). Change in migration
policies also reflects this ever-changing picture, one of the most
important being the regional consultative process taking place in
recent decades, particularly the "Puebla Process" & the
"South American Forum on Migration." As a matter of
conclusion, a window is opened on possible developments & policy
change after 11 September (2001). 49 References. Adapted from the
source document.
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Why Does Immigrant Trip Duration Vary across U.S. Destinations?
AU: Auteur
Reyes, Belinda I.; Mameesh, Laura
SO: Source
Social Science Quarterly, vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 580-593, June 2002
DE: Descripteurs
*Migration Patterns; *Undocumented Immigrants; *Males; *Latin American
Cultural Groups; *Return Migration; *Regional Differences;
*California; *Illinois; *Texas
AB: Résumé
Objective. This article explores the factors that lead to differences
in immigrant trip duration across US destinations. Methods. Using data
from the Mexican Migration Project & the 1970, 1980, & 1990 US
Censuses, we estimate discrete-time hazard models of the probability
of return for unauthorized male migrants. Results. We find three
patterns of migration for undocumented migrants across US
destinations: semi-permanent & permanent migration to urban areas;
temporary migration to agricultural areas; & sojourner, or
cyclical, migration to border regions. These patterns depend on the
characteristics of the immigrant population that moves to each
destination, in addition to the opportunities available to migrants in
each destination. However, all these factors are mediated by social
& institutional conditions at the destination. Conclusions. The
findings of this study reiterate the importance of economic
opportunities as an important predictor of not only migration to, but
also length of stay in, the US. Dynamic regions not only attract more
immigrants, but they also attract a more permanent population of
migrants. 3 Tables, 2 Figures, 20 References. Adapted from the source
document.
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Migrant 'illegality' and deportability in everyday life
AU: Auteur
De Genova, Nicholas P
SO: Source
Annual Review of Anthropology, vol. 31, pp. 419-447, 2002
DE: Descripteurs
*Immigration; *Migrant workers; *Immigration policy; *Labor law;
*Hispanics; *United States; *US; *Mexico; *Latin America
AB: Résumé
This article strives to meet two challenges. As a review, it provides
a critical discussion of the scholarship concerning undocumented
migration, with a special emphasis on ethnographically informed works
that foreground significant aspects of the everyday life of
undocumented migrants. But another key concern here is to formulate
more precisely the theoretical status of migrant 'illegality' and
deportability in order that further research related to undocumented
migration may be conceptualized more rigorously. This review considers
the study of migrant 'illegality' as an epistemological,
methodological, and political problem, in order to then formulate it
as a theoretical problem. The article argues that it is insufficient
to examine the 'illegality' of undocumented migration only in terms of
its consequences and that it is necessary also to produce historically
informed accounts of the sociopolitical processes of 'illegalization'
themselves, which can be characterized as the legal production of
migrant 'illegality.'.
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Inside Illegality: Migration Policing in South Africa after Apartheid
AU: Auteur
Klaaren, Jonathan; Ramji, Jaya
SO: Source
Africa Today, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 35-47, fall 2001
DE: Descripteurs
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Human Rights; *Police; *Corruption; *South
Africa; *Detention; *Apartheid
AB: Résumé
South Africa's migration policing policy has not changed substantially
since the demise of apartheid. Tactics used by the police in recent
operations are dramatically similar to apartheid policing practices.
While some amendments to the legislative regime have aimed to protect
human rights, the structures introduced have failed to make any
impact. The discretion allowed to police has contributed to the
institutional & symbolic entrenchment of the lack of legal status
for undocumented migrants. At the level of implementation, the police
& the army have played major roles in migration policing with no
more than administrative oversight from the Dept of Home Affairs. The
policing strategy pursued has been one of border control backed up
with intrusive & extensive internal military style policing.
Corruption is an institutional feature of both the arrest &
detention of undocumented migrants. Numerous human rights abuses occur
in the arrest & detention of undocumented migrants as well as of
refugees. Despite the embarrassing attention of domestic & foreign
human rights organizations exposing certain instances of abuse, the
principal features of this policing strategy have remained intact
& human rights abuses have continued through to the present. 27
References. Adapted from the source document.
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Introduction
AU: Auteur
Kyle, David; Koslowski, Rey
SO: Source
Kyle, David; Koslowski, Rey. (2001). GLOBAL HUMAN SMUGGLING (pp.
1-25). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins U Press.
DE: Descripteurs
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Organized Crime; *Globalization;
*Historical Development; *Political Factors; Comparative Analysis
AB: Résumé
An introductory chapter notes that human smuggling became officially
recognized as a "global problem" in 1998, when several major
human smuggling rings were caught, world leaders openly denounced the
exploitation of undocumented migrants, & numerous actions were
taken, including formation of the US Worker Exploitation Task Force.
The wide range of ability, organization, & trustworthiness that
exists among smuggling operations is examined, along with the global
scope of the contemporary trafficking of people, & the complex
human rights issues involved. This volume provides qualitative &
quantitative research that explores the historical context, social
organizations, & political ramifications of human smuggling as a
global phenomenon. It is maintained that the combination of regional
research & a comparative global vision offers the best hope for
developing sound theories about the diverse contexts of human
smuggling. Antismuggling strategies in the US are described, & the
need for social scientists to research the complex social dimensions
of human smuggling is discussed. A brief synopsis of each chapter is
included. 1 Figure, 41 References. J. Lindroth
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Smuggling Migrants through South Texas: Challenges Posed by Operation
Rio Grande
AU: Auteur
Spener, David
SO: Source
Spener, David. (2001). GLOBAL HUMAN SMUGGLING (pp. 129-165).
Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins U Press.
DE: Descripteurs
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Organized Crime; *Texas; *Mexico; *Law
Enforcement; Corruption
AB: Résumé
Describes preliminary findings of a research project on the movement
of undocumented migrants through the south TX-northeastern Mexico
border region by smugglers known as "coyotes" or
"pateros." Data were obtained from a review of relevant
literature, official records of 24 smuggling cases, & field
interviews with US Border Patrol agents, attorneys, human rights
activists, recruiters for smugglers, several migrants who had been
smuggled, & two coyotes. Systematic interviews with migrants about
their border-crossing experiences are planned for later in the
project. An examination of methods used by coyotes to move
undocumented Mexicans through the south TX border region includes a
description of activities at each stage of the smuggling process. It
is maintained that intensified border policing by the US has made it
more difficult for Mexican migrants to enter the country illegally.
However, crossings have continued unabated in spite of US enforcement
efforts because many migrants have turned to smuggling enterprises
that have managed to successfully penetrate Border Patrol operations
for an affordable fee. Future prospects are discussed. 1 Table, 2
Figures, 59 References. J. Lindroth
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
From Fujian to New York: Understanding the New Chinese Immigration
AU: Auteur
Liang, Zai; Ye, Wenzhen
SO: Source
Liang, Zai; Ye, Wenzhen. (2001). GLOBAL HUMAN SMUGGLING (pp. 187-215).
Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins U Press.
DE: Descripteurs
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Asian Cultural Groups; *New York City, New
York; *Economic Factors; Peoples Republic of China; Economic
Conditions
AB: Résumé
Examines the recent wave of undocumented migrants from Fujian,
People's Republic of China, to New York City. Data were obtained from
historical documents, official Chinese statistics, & surveys
conducted in Fujian in 1994 & 1998. Several immigrant-sending
communities in Fujian are described to argue that the current movement
represents the continuation of a long-term tradition. However, unlike
past migrations prompted by extreme poverty, the recent surge is said
to be based on relative deprivation resulting from increasing
inequality associated with China's transition to a market economy. In
addition, current migrations would not be possible without the help of
international smuggling organizations. The historical roots of
immigration from Fujian are traced from the mid-15th century. Special
attention is given to changes in income disparity in Fujian,
1983-1995, & strategies used by smugglers to get "snake"
people to the US. A description of the risky nature of illegal
immigration suggests that the seafaring background of the Fujianese
people makes it easier for them to endure the horrendous voyage. The
social & political impact of large numbers of Fujianese settling
in New York's Chinatown is explored. 2 Tables, 86 References. J.
Lindroth
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Newcomer Migrant Workers in the Underclass: A Yokohama, Japan Case
Study
AU: Auteur
Yamamoto, Kahoruko
SO: Source
International Journal of Japanese Sociology, no. 9, pp. 121-136, Sept
2000
DE: Descripteurs
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Migrant Workers; *Japan; *Underclass;
*Support Networks; *Self Help; *Ethnic Groups; *Minority Groups
AB: Résumé
This paper will investigate how some undocumented migrant workers,
known as the urban underclass, survive in Kotobuki, Yokohama. Since
the latter half of the 1990s, Kotobuki itself has undergone structural
changes. Once a center of day laborers it is now a center of older
ex-laborers, mostly surviving on welfare. However, Kotobuki holds
positive associations for many Korean & Pilipino migrants, many of
whom arrived at the end of the 1980s. They regard the area as a place
to earn high wages & as a center for building ethnic networks.
Migrants tend to help their ethnic fellows find jobs & exchange
information that they may otherwise be unable to acquire given that
undocumented migrants are ineligible for public services in Japan.
Additionally, ethnic-related self-help activities as well as NGOs play
a valuable role in sustaining the livelihood of such migrants who are
denied access to public services & assistance. This paper will
illustrate the role of self-help among ethnic minority migrant
workers. It also aims to demonstrate that, contrary to prevailing
assumptions, their social status as underclass is not lower than that
of their Japanese counterparts. 26 References. Adapted from the source
document.
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Issues and Recent Trends in International Migration in Sub-Saharan
Africa
AU: Auteur
Adepoju, Aderanti
SO: Source
International Social Science Journal, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 383-394,
Sept 2000
DE: Descripteurs
*Sub Saharan Africa; *Migration; *Migration Patterns; *Socioeconomic
Factors; *Political Factors; *Regional Development; *International
Cooperation; *Labor Migration; Economic Development; Brain Drain
AB: Résumé
Migration in sub-Saharan Africa features a variety of movements,
mostly intraregional: migrant workers, undocumented migrants, nomads,
frontier workers, refugees, & highly skilled professionals.
Changing patterns & especially the increase in irregular
migration, diversification of migratory routes, & trafficking in
migrants result from worsening socioeconomic & political
conditions in the region. Sponsored, selective male migration &
increasing female autonomous migration are manifestations of migration
as survival strategies. Brain circulation within the region,
especially to core areas of rapid economic growth, has intensified;
increasingly, labor migration is being replaced by commercial
migration. Migrants are also exploring alternative destinations within
the region in response to tightened immigration laws in the North.
Rapid population growth, economic depression, conflicts, political
instability, widespread poverty, & deepening unemployment signal
the possibility of increased migration, including refugee flows, in
the coming years. Subregional economic unions could help promote
intraregional labor mobility if concerted efforts are made to
harmonize national laws with regional & subregional treaties. 28
References. Adapted from the source document.
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
The Crisis and International Population Movement in Indonesia
AU: Auteur
Hugo, Graeme
SO: Source
Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 93-129, 2000
DE: Descripteurs
*Indonesia; *Economic Crises; *Migration; *Labor Migration; *Migrant
Workers; *Labor Market; *Labor Market Segmentation; *Undocumented
Immigrants
AB: Résumé
Indonesia is the country most affected by the Asian financial crisis
that began in mid-1997 & has been the slowest to recover from it.
In the present paper, the effects of the first two & a half years
of the crisis on international population movements influencing
Indonesia are discussed. The crisis has increased economic pressures
on potential migrant workers in Indonesia & the result has been
increased out-movement. In both pre- & postcrisis situations, this
was dominated by women, at least among official migrant workers. The
crisis has tightened the labor market in some of Indonesia's main
destination countries, but the segmentation of the labor market in
those countries has limited the impact of the crisis in reducing jobs
in those countries. The crisis has created more pressure on
undocumented migrants in destination countries, but the extent of
repatriation, while higher than in the precrisis situation, has been
limited. The crisis has directly or indirectly affected other
international movements influencing Indonesia including expatriate
movement to Indonesia & longer-term, south-north migration out of
the country. The policy implications of these changes are discussed,
including the fact that the crisis has led to an increased
appreciation of the importance of contract labor migration by
government & greater attention being paid to improving the system
for migrants themselves & the country as a whole. 13 Tables, 8
Figures, 56 References. Adapted from the source document.
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
The Migratory Project of Undocumented Migrants by Gender
AU: Auteur
Izquierdo Escribano, Antonio
SO: Source
Papers: Revista de sociologia, no. 60, pp. 225-240, 2000
DE: Descripteurs
*Sex Differences; *Immigrants; *Immigration; *Spain; *Motivation;
*Social Integration; *Immigration Policy; *Undocumented Immigrants;
Males; Females
AB: Résumé
Discusses the different motivations of male & female immigrants in
the context of family immigration. The author uses survey data taken
from 11.5% of the work permit applications for foreigners in Spain,
1996. Findings suggest that the conditions for social integration of
undocumented immigrants were diverse according to gender. The article
argues that there is a need to (1) acknowledge the migratory cycle,
(2) go beyond stereotypes of undocumented immigrants as illiterate,
& (3) analyze the heterogeneous component of migration especially
for the variables of gender & nationality. It is concluded that
this analysis needs to be placed within the context of the different
periods of the Spanish immigration polices (pre-legal, pre-political,
& political). 9 Tables, 9 References. Adapted from the source
document.
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Making Connections: A Study of the Social Network of Immigrant
Professionals
AU: Auteur
Bagchi, Ann Dalton
SO: Source
Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social
Sciences, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 2237-A-2238-A, Dec 1999
DE: Descripteurs
*Social Networks; *Network Analysis; *Immigration; *Labor Migration;
*Professional Workers; *Foreign Workers; New York City, New York;
South Asian Cultural Groups; Asian Cultural Groups
AB: Résumé
This dissertation employs both quantitative and qualitative research
methods to examine the development and use of social networks in the
immigration process among members of a subset of professional
occupations. In addition to quantitative analyses of Immigration and
Naturalization Service and Census Bureau data I utilize information
gathered from a focus group study and personal interviews with
immigrant professionals residing in the New York metropolitan area in
order to document the form and content of their migrant networks. Two
chapters of the dissertation focus specifically on Indian and Filipino
respondents based on the over-representation of these groups within
the professions of interest. The research makes several contributions
to the study of immigration processes. First, I present a more
generalized framework for understanding the configuration of migrant
networks. Previous studies, based almost exclusively on the study of
unskilled and/or undocumented migrants from Latin American source
countries, emphasized the use of strong ties to family, friends and
fellow community members for obtaining entry to the United States. My
framework allows for consideration of weak ties in the immigration
process as they may operate among skilled immigrant professionals and
therefore offers a conceptualization of networks which proves
applicable to a greater variety of immigrant circumstances. By
emphasizing the experiences of professionals, this research also
offers important insights into the immigration patterns of a
heretofore largely overlooked sub-population of recent immigrants.
Despite the growing significance of skilled workers and Asian
countries as source areas most analyses of migrant networks ignore
these populations. The resources professionals possess suggest likely
differences in the patterns of network development and usage between
skilled workers and their less-skilled counterparts. This study lays
the groundwork for further comparative analyses of these two general
populations as well as directions for research into gendered
immigration patterns among professionals and the use of qualitative
techniques for studying immigrant professional populations.
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Migrants in the Italian Underground Economy
AU: Auteur
Quassoli, Fabio
SO: Source
International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, vol. 23, no. 2,
pp. 212-231, June 1999
DE: Descripteurs
*Migrants; *Informal Sector; *Italy; *Migrant Workers; *Economic
Structure; Immigration Policy; Undocumented Immigrants
AB: Résumé
The underground economy is a long-standing & overall structural
element of the Italian economy: migrants' insertion in this informal
economy represents an element of continuity in economic organization
& involves documented & undocumented migrants as well as many
types of Italian workers. Highlighted is the central role of the
institutional framework -- immigration policies & their
implementation -- in the context of the formal & actual
constraints informing immigrant strategies of incorporation into the
formal/informal labor market. Implementation of the institutional
framework, by different branches of the public administration &
the judicial system, interacts with immigrant economic strategies
& generates mobile borders between various informal arrangements
& between the informal & illegal economy. Accounting for the
structural & geographical characteristics of each economic sector,
the economic institutional & legal frameworks, &
decision-making processes that produce them, it is possible to
reconsider the concept of the informal economy & reevaluate its
role in the most important explanatory models. 2 Tables, 64
References. Adapted from the source document.
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
The New Labor Market: Immigrants and Wages after IRCA
AU: Auteur
Phillips, Julie A.; Massey, Douglas S.
SO: Source
Demography, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 233-246, May 1999
DE: Descripteurs
*Immigrants; *Wages; *Immigration Policy; *Undocumented Immigrants;
*Employment Discrimination; *Labor Market; *United States of America
AB: Résumé
Examines the effect of the Immigration Reform & Control Act (IRCA)
on migrants' wages using data from the Mexican Migration Project,
begun in 1987, collected annually from approximately 200 households in
39 Mexican communities & US destination areas. Changes in the
determinants of wages since passage of the IRCA are examined, as are
effects of its massive legalization program. Migrants' wages
deteriorated steadily, 1970-1995, but the IRCA did not foment
discrimination against Mexican workers per se. Rather, it appears to
have encouraged greater discrimination against undocumented migrants,
with employers passing the costs & risks of unauthorized hiring on
to the workers. Although available data do not permit elimination of
competing explanations entirely, limited controls suggest that the
post-IRCA wage penalty against undocumented migrants did not stem from
expansion of the immigrant labor supply, an increase in the use of
labor subcontracting, or deterioration of the US labor market. 3
Tables, 1 Appendix, 60 References. Adapted from the source document.
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
The Amnesty Reveals Intra-Ethnic Divisions among Mexicans in Chicago
AU: Auteur
de Lourdes Villar, Maria
SO: Source
Urban Anthropology, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 37-64, spring 1999
DE: Descripteurs
*Immigration Policy; *Policy Reform; *Undocumented Immigrants; *Ethnic
Relations; *Statutes; *Labor Policy; *Latin American Cultural Groups;
*Advocacy; Chicago, Illinois
AB: Résumé
The Immigration Reform & Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 offered
amnesty to long-term undocumented migrants & sought to penalize
employers hiring unauthorized workers. While beneficial to many, this
act generated deep apprehensions as it threatened nonqualifying aliens
with deportation & raised fears of employer discrimination among
legal ethnic residents. To assuage the fear of amnesty applicants,
authorities invited ethnic advocates & community organizations to
assist with the application processes. Surprisingly, however, most
aliens bypassed these trusted intermediaries & submitted their
applications directly to the immigration authorities. Ethnographic
observations of Mexicans in Chicago, IL, suggest that the
organizations that volunteered their help during the amnesty period
were headed by legal co-ethnics torn between the immediate needs of
illegal aliens & their own long-term interests. Unable to
reconcile these goals, or to understand & transcend the
inequalities of power that separated them from the migrants they
sought to help, the advocates largely saw their efforts marginalized.
Instead of promoting unity, the volunteer effort mounted to facilitate
the amnesty program exacerbated intraethnic divisions in some migrant
communities. 22 References. Adapted from the source document.
Notice 84 sur 108
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Undocumented Migrants in Greece: Issues of Regularization
AU: Auteur
Lazaridis, Gabriella; Poyago-Theotoky, Joanna
SO: Source
International Migration, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 715-740, 1999
DE: Descripteurs
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Greece; *European Cultural Groups; *Social
Integration; *Social Closure; *Immigration Policy; *Government Policy;
*Migrant Workers; *Labor Migration; Game Theory
AB: Résumé
Studies migrants from Albania into Greece & schematically looks at
their socioeconomic integration &/or exclusion. The issue of
regularization is explored, first providing an explanation for the
choices made by a government by using a simple game-theoretic
framework & outlining the current efforts made toward
regularization of undocumented migrants in Greece. The game-theoretic
example shows the conditions that determine whether the optimal policy
for a government is to legalize, or not legalize, an illegal
immigrant. In the case of Greece, where migrant workers were not
initially regularized, there now exists a new legal framework for
their regularization. The character of Albanian migration into Greece
reflects two things: the changing global nature of international
migration & the way in which migrants are embedded in the specific
model of Southern European postindustrial society. 1 Table, 1 Figure,
47 References. Adapted from the source document.
Notice 85 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
The Social Process of Undocumented Border Crossing among Mexican
Migrants
AU: Auteur
Singer, Audrey; Massey, Douglas S.
SO: Source
International Migration Review, vol. 32, pp. 561-592, fall 1998
DE: Descripteurs
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Borders; *Latin American Cultural Groups;
*Mexico; *Social Processes; *Cultural Capital; *Law Enforcement;
*United States of America
AB: Résumé
Develops a theoretical model that views undocumented border crossing
as a well-defined social process influenced by the quantity &
quality of human & social capital that migrants bring with them to
the border, & constrained by the intensity & nature of US
enforcement efforts. Detailed histories of border crossing collected
via interviews with undocumented migrants originating in 34 Mexican
communities (N = 6,341 households) are employed to estimate equations
corresponding to this model. On first trips, migrants rely on social
ties to locate a guide to help them across the border. As people gain
experience in border crossing, they rely less on the assistance of
others & more on abilities honed on earlier trips, thus
substituting migration-specific human capital for general social
capital. The probability of apprehension is influenced by different
factors on first & later trips. On initial trips, crossing with
either a paid (coyote) or unpaid (a friend or relative) guide
dramatically lowers the odds of arrest, but on subsequent trips, mode
of crossing has no effect on the odds of apprehension, which are
determined primarily by the migrant's own general &
migration-specific human capital. On all trips, the intensity of the
US enforcement effort has little effect on the likelihood of arrest,
but Immigration & Naturalization Services involvement in drug
enforcement sharply lowers the odds of apprehension. 6 Tables, 2
Figures, 1 Appendix, 44 References. Adapted from the source document.
Notice 86 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
The social process of undocumented border crossing among Mexican
migrants
AU: Auteur
Singer, Audrey; Massey, Douglas S
SO: Source
The International Migration Review, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 561-592, 1998
DE: Descripteurs
*Migration; *Aliens; *Border patrol; *Mexico; *United States; *US
AB: Résumé
In this article a theoretical model is developed that views
undocumented border crossing as a well-defined social process
influenced by the quantity and quality of human and social capital
that migrants bring with them to the border, and constrained by the
intensity and nature of U.S. enforcement efforts. Detailed histories
of border crossing from undocumented migrants originating in 34
Mexican communities are employed to estimate equations corresponding
to this model.
Notice 87 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Undocumented Migrants in Brussels: Diversity and the Anthropology of
Illegality
AU: Auteur
Leman, Johan
SO: Source
New Community, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 25-41, Jan 1997
DE: Descripteurs
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Brussels, Belgium; *Migration; *Labor
Migration; *Migrant Workers; Southern African Cultural Groups;
European Cultural Groups; Southeast Asian Cultural Groups; Latin
American Cultural Groups; Religiosity
AB: Résumé
An examination of 1993-1996 survey data from 380 undocumented Polish,
Latin American, Filipino, Nigerian, & Zairian migrants in
Brussels, Belgium, reveals that undocumented migrants are highly
heterogeneous in terms of their origins, the way in which they enter
the country, their work, & the structure of their family life. The
structures of daily life in clandestine & illegal circles are
described, including orientation toward work, money, the
employer-employee relationship, & the absence of host country
administration & housing. Ethnoreligiosity is shown to play a role
in the lives of most migrants, reinforcing the host country-immigrant
separation. 31 References. Adapted from the source document.
Notice 88 sur 108
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Using INS Border Apprehension Data to Measure the Flow of Undocumented
Migrants Crossing the U.S.-Mexico Frontier
AU: Auteur
Espenshade, Thomas
SO: Source
International Migration Review, vol. 29, pp. 545-565, summer 1995
DE: Descripteurs
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Borders; United States of America; Mexico;
Measurement; Models
AB: Résumé
Reviews the difficulties in measuring the flow of undocumented
migrants crossing the US-Mexico border. Other researchers have pointed
out that the flow of illegal immigrants & the number of
apprehensions by the Immigration & Naturalization Service (INS)
are not the same. This relationship is examined here using a repeated
trials model, which is based on known border-crossing strategies &
the US Border Patrol process. This model also supplies a method that
gives estimates of the size of the illegal migrant flow. 1 Table, 2
Figures, 47 References. Adapted from the source document.
Notice 89 sur 108
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CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Wage Mobility of Undocumented Workers in the United States
AU: Auteur
Tienda, Marta; Singer, Audrey
SO: Source
International Migration Review, vol. 29, no. 109, pp. 112-138, spring
1995
DE: Descripteurs
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Labor Force; *Assimilation; *United States
of America; *Immigrants; *Wages; *Mobility
AB: Résumé
Draws on data from the Legalized Population Survey (N = 3,468
immigrant males [Ms]) & the 1986/1988 Current Population Surveys
(N = 7,505 foreign-born & 13,845 native-born white Ms) to address
two fundamental questions about the economic assimilation of
undocumented immigrants in the US: (1) how recently legalized
immigrants differ from all foreign-born persons & native-born
whites; & (2) whether wages of undocumented immigrants improve as
they acquire greater amounts of US experience &, if so, how these
improvements compare to those of immigrants in general. Results
indicate positive returns to US experience for both undocumented
migrants & all foreign-born Ms, depending on region of origin.
Undocumented immigrants from Mexico received the lowest wage returns
& Ms from non-Spanish-speaking countries received the highest
returns. 5 Tables, 50 Figures. Adapted from the source document.
Notice 90 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Unauthorized Immigration to the United States
AU: Auteur
Espenshade, Thomas J.
SO: Source
Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 21, pp. 195-216, 1995
DE: Descripteurs
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Labor Migration; United States of America;
Public Opinion; Government Policy
AB: Résumé
Surveys research on the size of the undocumented immigrant population
in the US, the causes & consequences of illegal migrant flows,
public attitudes toward unauthorized migrants, & the history of
attempts to control the volume of undocumented migration. It is
concluded that: (1) there are powerful push & pull factors that
create & sustain the volume of unauthorized migration; (2) there
is little evidence that undocumented migrants have negative labor
market consequences despite what the general public thinks; (3) US
policy has been largely powerless to make a permanent dent in
undocumented immigration; & (4) the current level of clandestine
US immigration may not be far from what society might view as socially
optimal. 2 Figures, 83 References. Adapted from the source document.
Notice 91 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Selective Emigration, Cohort Quality, and Models of Immigrant
Assimilation
AU: Auteur
Lindstrom, David P.; Massey, Douglas S.
SO: Source
Social Science Research, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 315-349, Dec 1994
DE: Descripteurs
*Immigrants; *Assimilation; *United States of America; *Latin American
Cultural Groups; *Methodology (Data Analysis); *Methodological
Problems; *Methodology (Data Collection)
AB: Résumé
Contends that sample underenumeration, changing cohort quality, &
selective emigration threaten the validity of findings on immigrant
socioeconomic assimilation. Using both binational & 1990 US census
data on Mexican immigrants, the effects of these problems on
cross-sectional regressions of English proficiency & wage
attainment are addressed. Results suggest that the underenumeration of
temporary & undocumented migrants biases the estimated effects of
human capital variables downward, but that selective emigration does
not significantly affect cross-sectional models. However, period of
entry is a poor proxy for total migrant experience, &
disentanglement of duration & cohort effects reveals some evidence
for shifts in cohort quality over time, but not the systematic decline
seen by others. 7 Tables, 1 Appendix, 78 References. Adapted with
permission from Academic Press.
Notice 92 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Does the Threat of Border Apprehension Deter Undocumented US
Immigration?
AU: Auteur
Espenshade, Thomas J.
SO: Source
Population and Development Review, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 871-892, Dec
1994
DE: Descripteurs
*Borders; *Undocumented Immigrants; *United States of America;
*Mexico; *Deterrence; *Law Enforcement
AB: Résumé
Aggregate time-series data are used to explore whether US Border
Patrol enforcement actively discourages undocumented migration at its
source. Two models are compared: (1) includes such familiar
determinants of undocumented migration as relative economic conditions
between the US & Mexico, the size of the Mexican young-adult
population, & implementation of the 1986 Immigration Reform &
Control Act; & (2) relates the magnitude of undocumented migration
to lagged monthly values of estimated apprehension probabilities, on
the assumption that migrants form expectations about the apprehension
risks they will face on the basis of experiences of other recent
undocumented migrants. Findings show that both models have some
explantory power; however, the influence of perceived risks of
apprehension all but disappears when both sets of predictor variables
are combined into a single model. Although the total undocumented flow
is largely unaffected by variations in the intensity of Border Patrol
enforcement, border control policies may nevertheless exert a broader
deterrent influence. 4 Tables, 1 Figure, 32 References. Adapted from
the source document.
Notice 93 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Immigration and Collective Action. The Case of Undocumented Migrant
Mobilizations
AU: Auteur
Simeant, Johanna
SO: Source
Societes Contemporaines, no. 20, pp. 39-62, Dec 1994
DE: Descripteurs
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Collective Action; *Protest Movements;
*France; *Mobilization; *Group Formation
AB: Résumé
A study of undocumented migrant protests in France raises questions
regarding group formation, collective mobilization, & action
repertoires (specifically, hunger strikes). Since French politics are
closely tied to nationally defined processes & citizenship, it is
suggested that illegal migrants constitute a particularly resourceless
population. Therefore the concept of integration, often falsely
applied to these populations, cannot explain their organized action.
The notion of immigrant communities also is rejected, for it ignores
the heterogeneity of these groups & avoids a central question
raised by resource mobilization theorists: shared interests are not
sufficient to cause a united movement. Actual strategies of obtaining
support from Christian militants from the Left, or from leftists
linked to the former antiracism movement, are discussed. 58
References. Adapted from the source document.
Notice 94 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Immigration Control in Australia
AU: Auteur
Birrell, Robert
SO: Source
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,
vol. 534, pp. 106-117, July 1994
DE: Descripteurs
*Australia; *Immigration; *Government Policy
AB: Résumé
Australia's physical isolation & rigorous entry procedures have
limited the arrival of undocumented migrants to a trickle, but the
number coming as students, visitors, & under other short-term
visas who apply for permanent residence while in Australia has
increased sharply since the early 1980s. The management of these
claims has proved difficult because of judicial leniency & the
advocacy of humanitarian & ethnic lobby groups. However, since the
late 1980s, the Australian government has introduced tough legislative
& administrative measures that appear to have significantly
diminished the problem. It is argued that this Australian response can
be traced to the heritage of control that has shaped Australia's
immigration policies & Australians' conceptions of themselves as a
nation. Adapted from the source document.
Notice 95 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
An Analysis of Public Opinion toward Undocumented Immigration
AU: Auteur
Espenshade, Thomas J.; Calhoun, Charles A.
SO: Source
Population Research and Policy Review, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 189-224,
1993
DE: Descripteurs
*Public Opinion; *Undocumented Immigrants; *United States of America;
*California
AB: Résumé
Hypotheses about attitudes toward illegal immigration &
undocumented migrants are tested using public opinion data drawn from
interviews conducted in 1983 with 1,031 residents of southern CA. Only
weak support is found for a labor market competition hypothesis.
Evidence does, however, support hypotheses relating to cultural
affinity between respondents (Rs) & undocumented migrants & to
the role of education. Rs' evaluations of tangible costs &
benefits to themselves also influence their assessments of illegal
immigration. Results of this analysis provide additional support for a
symbolic politics model of opinion formation when the model is
extended to the issue of undocumented migration to the US. 1 Table, 3
Figures, 1 Appendix, 78 References. Adapted from the source document.
Notice 96 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
The Employment and Wages of Legalized Immigrants
AU: Auteur
Borjas, George J.; Tienda, Marta
SO: Source
International Migration Review, vol. 27, pp. 712-747, winter 1993
DE: Descripteurs
*Immigrants; *Employment; *United States of America; *Foreigners;
*Ethnic Minorities; *Minority Groups; *Income Inequality; *Wages
AB: Résumé
Analyzes the employment & wages of recently legalized immigrants
using the Legalization Application Processing System (LAPS) file, an
administrative file based on the individual records of amnesty
applicants, & draws comparisons with a sample of the foreign-born
population from the Current Population Surveys of 1983, 1986, &
1988. Findings reveal that the legalized immigrant population differs
from the total foreign-born population in four important respects that
bear on labor market position: (1) a younger age structure; (2) a less
balanced gender composition; (3) a greater representation of Latin
Americans; & (4) few years of US residence. LAPS data reveal high
rates of labor force participation among legalized immigrants, which
exceeded the rates of the foreign-born population by approximately 5%
& 17% for men & women, respectively. Legal immigrants earn
approximately 30% more than their undocumented counterparts from the
same regional origins. National origin alone accounts for about 50% of
the wage gap between legal & undocumented migrants. In addition,
the wage disadvantge of undocumented immigrants actually increases
with age. Cross-sectional data preclude an unambiguous interpretation
of this result, which requires longitudinal data. 9 Tables, 5 Figures,
44 References. Adapted from the source document.
Notice 97 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
The Impact of Geographic Mobility on Individuals and Families
AU: Auteur
Glick, Paul C.
SO: Source
Marriage and Family Review, vol. 19, no. 1-2, pp. 31-54, 1993
DE: Descripteurs
*United States of America; *Immigration; *Law; *Government Policy;
*Population Policy; *Internal Migration
AB: Résumé
During the 1980s, immigration to the US replaced fertility as the
chief concern relative to population growth. Here, focus is on: the
magnitude of migration to & within the US, reasons for moving,
consequences of the movement, the main stresses of migrations, &
several social, economic, & political problems that have resulted
from the concentration of refugees & undocumented migrants in
certain localities. Highlights of recent changes in immigration laws
are followed by an evaluation of the effectiveness of the changes in
reducing the amount of illegal migration to the country. Caps have
been placed on the number of legal migrants that will be accepted.
However, wealthy persons as well as professional & skilled workers
are encouraged to come here to the US, thereby increasing US
competitiveness but creating a brain drain on the countries of origin.
The best interest of Americans as a whole would be to facilitate the
transition of legal immigrants into the mainstream of society. 3
Tables, 37 References. AA
Notice 98 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Changing Conditions in the US Labor Market: Effects of the Immigration
Reform and Control Act of 1986
AU: Auteur
Donato, Katharine M.; Durand, Jorge; Massey, Douglas S.
SO: Source
Population Research and Policy Review, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 93-115,
1992
DE: Descripteurs
*Reform; *Immigration; *Government Policy; *United States of America;
*Migrants; *Workers; *Legislation; *Labor Market; *Economic
Conditions; *Latin American Cultural Groups
AB: Résumé
Survey data collected 1987-1991 from migrants in 10 representative
Mexican communities, as well as outmigrants from those communities
located in the US, are drawn on to investigate how the 1986
Immigration Reform & Control Act (IRCA) affected US labor market
conditions facing Mexican migrant workers in terms of wages, hours
worked, & terms of employment. Estimated period effects did not
indicate a clear break in most of these variables following IRCA's
passage, except for hours worked & monthly income. A fairly
consistent pattern of deterioration in labor market conditions facing
undocumented migrants was revealed, however. Compared to illegal
migrants working in the US before IRCA, those migrating afterward
worked fewer hours & were less likely to have taxes withheld from
their pay. Evidence is also presented that undocumented migrants were
pushed from the agrarian to the urban economy by the increase in labor
supply occasioned by the Special Agricultural Workers program. 6
Tables, 1 Appendix, 27 References. Adapted from the source document.
Notice 99 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Migrant Farmworkers in Baja California and California
AU: Auteur
Anguiano, Maria Eugenia
SO: Source
Nueva Antropologia, vol. 11, no. 39, pp. 155-167, June 1991
DE: Descripteurs
*Farms; *Migrant Workers; *Mexico; *California; *Labor Migration
AB: Résumé
A review of studies of farmworkers migrating from central Mexico to
Baja California, Mexico, & Calif, reveals differences in group
composition of the undocumented migrants working the US &
farmworkers migrating within Mexico. Factors influencing the
organization & composition of the farmworkers include variations
in skill level & resources necessary for migratory existence,
forms of work organization, concepts of rights of field workers, daily
lifestyles, & type & stability of the farmer-employers who
hire them. Strategies of family reproduction & organization are
also key factors. 9 References. J. Sadler
Notice 100 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Human Rights, State Sovereignty and the Protection of Undocumented
Migrants under the International Migrant Workers Convention
AU: Auteur
Bosniak, Linda S.
SO: Source
International Migration Review, vol. 25, pp. 737-770, winter 1991
DE: Descripteurs
*Migrant Workers; *United Nations; *Labor Policy; *Human Rights;
*Protection
AB: Résumé
Generated by the need for the international society to establish
standards of appropriate treatment for irregular migrants who are
present within the territory of receiving states, the UN Convention on
the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers & Members of
Their Families extended a broad range of civil rights &
employment-related protections to all migrant workers & their
families. While the Convention represents the most ambitious statement
to date of international concern for the problematic condition of
undocumented migrants, it excludes undocumented immigrants from the
scope of certain important rights & protections awarded to other
migrant groups. The Convention's terms also repeatedly emphasize that
the rights provided are not to be construed as an infringement on
state power to govern the admission & exclusion of aliens from
their territory & on all concomitant state prerogatives. It is
argued that the process of irregular migration poses a set of
exceptionally complex dilemmas for the theory & practice of
international human rights. Specifically, the Convention's ability to
substantially ameliorate the human rights situation of irregular
migrants is significantly constrained by its overriding commitment to
the norms & structures of sovereign statehood. 72 References.
Adapted from the source document.
Notice 101 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
The U.S. 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act and Undocumented
Migration to the United States
AU: Auteur
White, Michael J.; Bean, Frank D.; Espenshade, Thomas J.
SO: Source
Population Research and Policy Review, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 93-116, May
1990
DE: Descripteurs
*United States of America; *Legislation; *Migrants; *Mexico; *Borders;
*Social Control; *Government Regulation; *Undocumented Immigrants
AB: Résumé
It is argued that apprehensions data can provide insight into the
impact of the 1986 Immigration Reform & Control Act (IRCA) on the
flow of undocumented migrants across the US-Mexican border. A
multivariate statistical model was developed to analyze the
determinants of linewatch apprehensions from 1977 to 1988, including:
Immigration & Naturalization Service (INS) resources, population
growth & economic conditions in Mexico, & economic &
agricultural factors in the US. The estimated model is used to
quantify the contributions of IRCA to the decline in linewatch
apprehensions since 1986 -- eg, the proportions attributable to change
in INS effort, & operation of the agricultural legalization
program that is an integral part of IRCA. Findings include that a
reduced INS effort in linewatching resulted in lower probability of
apprehension, & that there were fewer apprehensions than there
would have been without IRCA, leading to the conclusion that the
legislation reduced the flow of undocumented migrants, but not to the
extent that has been claimed. Demographic, economic, policy, &
other variables have an important influence on migrant flow. 3 Tables,
2 Figures, 28 References. V. Wagener
Notice 102 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Rethinking Settlement Processes: The Experience of Mexican
Undocumented Migrants in Chicago
AU: Auteur
Villar, Maria de Lourdes
SO: Source
Urban Anthropology, vol. 19, no. 1 -- 2, pp. 63-79, spring-summer
1990
DE: Descripteurs
*Chicago, Illinois; *Latin American Cultural Groups; *Undocumented
Immigrants; *Migrant Workers; *Coping; *Settlement Patterns; *United
States of America
AB: Résumé
Contrary to earlier conceptions of migrant workers, recent evidence
suggests that undocumented Mexicans stay in the US for long periods of
time or settle permanently. Data from participant observation &
interviews with 100 undocumented migrants in Chicago, Ill, indicate
that long-term residence is a coping mechanism resulting from adverse
economic factors. Drains on resources due to trips to Mexico,
assisting relatives, & establishing households in Chicago delay
accumulation of capital & postpone plans to return home.
Settlement in the US appears to be a rational decision based on the
poor Mexican economy, health care benefits in the US, low wages, &
the high cost of living. 44 References. Adapted from the source
document.
Notice 103 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Do Undocumented Migrants Earn Lower Wages than Legal Immigrants? New
Evidence from Mexico
AU: Auteur
Massey, Douglas S.
SO: Source
International Migration Review, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 236-274, summer
1987
DE: Descripteurs
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Latin American Cultural Groups; *Wages;
*United States of America
AB: Résumé
The extent to which undocumented status lowers wage rates among
immigrants to the US from 4 Mexican communities is examined, based on
community surveys conducted during 1982/83 in which SE information was
collected on 6,312 Rs enumerated in 885 households in Mexico &
Calif. Here, analysis utilizes data gathered on 1,376 M household
members. Regression equations were estimated to determine the effect
of legal status on wages independent of other demographic, social,
& economic variables, & special efforts were made to control
for possible sample selection biases. Findings suggest that the data
are relatively free from selectivity problems that have characterized
earlier studies, & that legal status had no direct effect on wage
rates earned by M migrants from the 4 Mexican communities. Legal
status also had little effect on the kind of job that migrants take in
the US, but it does play an important indirect role in determining the
length of time that migrants stay in the US. By reducing the duration
of stay, illegal status lowers the amount of employer-specific capital
accruing to undocumented migrants, & thereby lowers wage rates
relative to legal migrants. 9 Tables, 86 References. HA
Notice 104 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Attitudes Towards the Legal Profession: The Poor and the Undocumented
AU: Auteur
Meeker, James W.; Dombrink, John; Schumann, Edward
SO: Source
Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice, vol. 6, pp. 141-159, 1986
DE: Descripteurs
*California; *Legal Profession; *Low Income Groups
AB: Résumé
Trust in the legal profession is important in a society that requires
the services of a lawyer for both the assertion & defense of legal
rights. Recognition of the need for access to the legal profession
justifies the provision of low- or no-cost legal service to those of
low income; but the questions arises of whether provision of access to
legal resources in itself is enough to insure the proper assertion of
rights. Attitudes toward lawyers are important factors in answering
this question. How attitudes toward the legal system vary across
different segments of the poor community & how these attitudes
relate to problem experiences & awareness of available legal
resources are examined, based on data from 2 interview surveys
conducted in 1983 in Orange County, Calif: one of the indigenous poor,
& another of undocumented migrants from Mexico (N = 325 & 245
Rs, respectively). 7 Tables. Modified HA
Notice 105 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Undocumented Immigration and Its Effects on US Economic and Political
Policies
AU: Auteur
Richards, Samuel M.
SO: Source
North Central Sociological Association, 1986
DE: Descripteurs
*Mexico; *Latin American Cultural Groups; *United States of America;
*Undocumented Immigrants; *Social Policy
AB: Résumé
Through the years, curtailing the undocumented immigration flow has
been a dilemma for US legislators. Undocumented migrants,
predominantly unskilled workers, have weighed both positively &
negatively on the economic & social systems of the US &
Mexico. As such, these migrants have served to highlight the basic
contradiction between supporting capitalist accumulation &
intervening politically in the relations of exchange. This basic
capitalist contradiction is explored, particularly with regard to why
it is difficult for US policymakers to act decisively on the
immigration problem. After examining how the migrant flow both
positively & negatively affects both the US & Mexico,
undocumented immigration is analyzed as a process, relating it to
recent theoretical work on the capitalist state.
Notice 106 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Down Under Amnesties: Background, Programs and Comparative Insights
AU: Auteur
North, David S.
SO: Source
International Migration Review, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 524-540, fall
1984
DE: Descripteurs
*Alien/Aliens; *Legal/Legalism/Legality (see also Law, Legislation);
*Australia/Australian/Australians; *Illegal alien/Illegal aliens
AB: Résumé
Australia, proportionately, accepts more immigrants than the US &,
consequently, immigrants & immigration policy carry a greater
impact there. Although Australia's location limits its experience with
undocumented migrants, it conducted three alien legalization programs
in 1973, 1976 & 1980. These are described & discussed, using
government statistics, in terms of scope, administration, &
results. Australia's small-scale programs (by US standards) provide
some useful lessons to the US. 3 Tables, 1 Figure, 4 References.
Modified HA
Notice 107 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Conditions of Employment and Income Distribution in Mexico as
Incentives for Mexican Migration to the United States: Prospects to
the End of the Century
AU: Auteur
Evans, John S.; James, Dilmus D.
SO: Source
International Migration Review, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 4-24, spring 1979
DE: Descripteurs
*Mexico/Mexican/Mexicans; *Economic/Economics/Economical; *Migration;
*Incentive/Incentives; *United States/US
AB: Résumé
Examined are factors contributing to the flow of undocumented migrants
from Mexico to the United States. Rapid population growth, income
inequality, & inadequate growth of productive employment in Mexico
appear to be major causes. The problem is both massive & enduring.
1 Table. Modified HA.
Notice 108 sur 108
DN: Nom de la base de données
CSA Sociological Abstracts
TI: Titre
Immigration in the 70's -- Its Implication to the Church in the U.S.
AU: Auteur
Tomasi, Lydio F.
SO: Source
National Conference of Catholic Charities, 1977
DE: Descripteurs
*United States/US; *Catholic/Catholics/Catholicism (see also Roman
Catholic); *Church/Churches; *Implication/Implications; *Immigration
AB: Résumé
The traditional way in which the church has met the social, economic
& spiritual needs of the varied & numerous immigrant groups to
the US has proven inadequate to the demand & the planning for the
pastoral care, & spiritual assistance to these immigrants has come
to pose a grave difficulty. Explored here are the most conspicuous of
these difficulties in the composition & movement of the new
immigration in the 1970's, in the resettlement of the refugees, &
in the legislation of the undocumented migrants
("illegals"). The manner in which these problems demand a
pastoral care beyond the canonical boundaries is examined. A more
justified concept of the local church according to cultural or ethnic
boundaries is presented.