Opening format for Stand Alone essay: In “Title of the passage” by last name of the author… Example: Question for November 2008 exam: In paragraph form, and with specific reference to Bonny Laing’s “An Ode to a User-Friendly Pencil,” discuss irony in the article. In “An Ode to a User-Friendly Pencil” by Laing, the passage uses irony to communicate its message about technology in our modern world. Opening format for Synthesis essay: In “Title Passage 1” by last name of the author, and “Title of Passage 2” by last name of the author… Synthesis question from November 2008 exam: Contrast the relationships that the father in “Wordsmith” and Sam Sing in “The Gold Mountain Coat”have with their children. You must refer to both passages in your essay. In “Wordsmith” by Young and “The Gold Mountain Coat” by Fong-Bates both passages show relationships between fathers and their children. The relationship between father and daughter in “Wordsmith” contrasts greatly with the type of relationship that Sam Sing has with his children. Although the relationships are very different, both passages show the importance of communication between family members.