Comparative Government A. AP COMPARATIVE GOVERNMENT Syllabus I. INTRODUCTION: Comparative Government is a college freshman survey course that provides students a conceptual knowledge of global studies by evaluating six world political systems: Great Britain, the former Soviet Union (Russia), China, Mexico, Iran and Nigeria. With this study, students will comprehend the vast diversity of political structures, its practices, and how these societies fit into the global realm. NOTE: This is the first course in an international relations course sequence. II. THE CHALLENGE: Advanced Placement offers to provide high school students the rigors of post-secondary education. Interested students will find a vast array of challenges through out the 18 week course, including analytical study, research and the development of fundamental concepts, and processes of the comparative theory. A. Rewards: 1. COLLEGE CREDIT, based on your scores earned on the College Board exam scheduled May 3, 2010. The exam is a nation-wide examination and you will be competing against Comparative students nationwide. A 55 point multiple choice exam (50 per cent of total) 45 minutes; and three essay format questions, (50 per cent of total) 100 minutes, will culminate into a 1-5 evaluation: 5 = extremely well qualified 4 = well qualified 3 = qualified 2 = possibly qualified 1 = no way The college of your choice will dictate how that College Board examination score will be credited in your program. Most colleges provide credit for “3, 4, or 5.” 2. A RIGOROUS LEARNING EXPERIENCE-- This course is based on the precedent that one will receive what one deserves. If you are willing to put in the time and the effort, you will receive the just rewards. Students are expected to provide at least 1 hour of study per day. III. SYLLABUS: A course outline + primer are provided for each of the six units. Course objectives, reading assignments, terminal objectives and questions will be part of each syllabus. It is strongly recommended that you keep up with the heavy reading material. The main text and supplementary materials will be utilized. IV. CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT: Course material is presented in four formats: Lecture . . . Seminar . . . small group discussion or application, and personal study time. During lectures I talk and ask the questions. During seminars, I will provide the foundation of the discussion. One of our goals for this course is to teach you how to THINK . . . rationally. V. EVALUATION: There will be seven, two-part examinations. Each exam will have a multiple choice exercise and an essay format, entailing two components. The exams will be scored as close to College Board requirements as possible. Short “position” papers (not more than three pages) will also be assigned periodically. Constant emphasis will be placed on writing thesis statements and developing analytical essays. Verbal interaction, in the form of Fishbowls, will be scored on a 20 point scale. All final grades will be determined on a total point format. All exams are closed note. LATE WORK: 25% deduction per day up to two days, then no credit. VI. EXTRA CREDIT: Book Review or brain bursts (Economists or Annual Editions article review--, 15 points per review, three reviews maximum) VII. ADMINISTRIVIA: If you miss class, and are not excused, get a pass. We follow the 10 day policy. Unexcused absences will facilitate a ZERO for the day and NO MAKE-UP work accepted. For excused absences, make-up work is accepted following this formula: Miss 1 day -- work due 2nd day back ; Miss 2 days -- work is due 3rd day back; Miss 3 days -- work is due third day. Long term illness is an exception to the rule but you must contact me and / or counselor for homework. VII. CLASSROOM BEHAVIOR: Be nice, keep and open mind. VIII. TEXTS: Almond, Gabriel, and Powell, G., Comparative Politics Today: A World View, Eighth Edition, Pearson Longman, 2007, ISBN 0-13-194568-8 Supplemental Readings: Hauss, Charles. Comparative Politics: Domestic Responses to Global Challenges. 6th ed. Belmont , Calif.: Wadsworth/Thomson, 2002 Soe, Harold, Annual Editions -- Comparative Politics, McGraw Hill/ Dushkin. http://www.dushkin.com AP Central Resource Guide; Comparative Government. http://apcentral.com “The Economist”, www.economist.com/countries IX. Current Events: Students will summarize one current event per week from the Economist, BBC News, the Washington Post, or the New York Times. The article must relate to one of the themes of AP Comparative Government and Politics or one of the core countries. Course Planner: I. Comparative Thought: A. Goals: Length: 7 Days 1. The student will: a. evaluate the purpose and methods of comparison. b. identify government and political classifications. c. decipher the problems created in cross-cultural analysis. d. evaluate the world’s political scene via comparative analysis. B. SCHEDULE: Day 1-INTRO Day 2-The Comparative Method Day 3-Thesis; Library research Day 4- Round table research + Pre-test Day 5-State of the state address Day 6-Art of Politics+ Globalization Take Home essay Day 7- Objective exam C. EXAMS: ESSAY; OBJ EXAM D. READINGS: Almond + Powell – pp. Chap 2, Chap 1. AE: 04/05 pp. 160-161; pp. 210-214; pp. 227-231 E. TERMINAL CONCEPTS: (note capitalized terms are truly terminal) 1. Ethnocentrism 2. Behavioralism 3. Politics 4. INPUT 5. OUTPUT 6. STATE 7. System function 8. WITHINPUTS 9. POLITY 10. Demands/Supports 11. ENVIRONMENT 12. GNP 13. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION 14. Elites 15. GDP 16. POLITICALIZTION 17. ADJUDICATION 18. EJIDO 19. INTEREST AGGREGATION 20. Process function 21. INTEREST ARTICULATION 22. Welfare state 23. DEVELOPING COUNTRY 24. COLLECTIVIZATION 25. Post-industrial 26. Agrarian State 27. Decentralization 28. Ethnicity 29. Centralization 30. European Community 31. GATT 32. NAFTA 33. PPP 34. Service economy 35. Regime 36. Import substitution 37. Iron Rice Bowl 37. PPP 38. GDP 39. Globalization 40. Democratization 41. Underdeveloped state 42. Developing state 43. Developed state 44. Nation 45. State II. Political Change-- Revolution to Evolution A. GOALS: Time: 11 Days 1. The students will: a. Distinguish between the internal and external sources of political change (e.g. political upheaval, industrialization, urbanization, economic crisis, international economy, foreign invasion, diffusion of new ideas and ideologies, and revolution.) b. Assess the nature of political change by: 1) identifying the differences between regime continuity and change (revolutionary and evolutionary, violent and nonviolent regime change.) 2) formulate ideas related to the changing basis of regime legitimacy. 3) recognize the changing scope of governmental activity. 4) analyze the five revolutions that established the base for the five contemporary political systems. c. Evaluate the consequences of political change (e.g. redistribution of land, change in ownership of means of production, circulation of elites, changing nation of citizen participation, changing party systems, the acquisition and/or loss of citizen rights.) d. Determine the basis of social cleavages and analyze the depth and consequences of such cleavages. e. Describe the translation of social cleavages into political conflict. B. SCHEDULE – 1- Revolution components. 2- Rev research. 3- Revolution results. 4- Rev paper due. Revolution results. 5- Revolution results 6-Revolution Results- + Revolution Quiz 7- Quiz due Chasms- Gorbachev + Perestroika + video. 8 -Liberal democracies 9- China-Tinammen Square + video. 10- Mexico. + 11- Essay Exam, 12- MC Exam C. EXAMS -- Essay exam - MC Exam - Quiz D. READINGS: Almond-Powell –8TH: GB 157-167; Russ- 363-370, 391-395; Nigeria: pp. 311-321, Mex-255-257, 260-266; China-233-236, 207-210, 248-249; Iran- pp. 457-464, 491-497. AE 04/05: GB-pp. 28-30; Mex-pp. 162-166; China-pp. 175-179; Russ-pp. 131-142.Iran pp. 146-150 Nigeria pp. 155-159 College Board Briefing Paper: Democratization E. TERMINAL CONCEPTS: 1. Revolution 3. conflictural political culture 5. legitimacy 7. democracy 9. liberal 11. reactionary 13. pluralism 15. great purge 17. Josef Stalin 19. Tsar 21. bolshevik 23. Caudillo 25. Perestroika 27. Xia Fang 29. William + Mary 31. No re-election 33. Shah Reza Pahlavi 35. Cultural Revolution 37. Majles 38. Biafran Civil War 40. Yoruba 42. Islamic Republic 44. Internal War 46. Clientelism 2. Agents of Political Socialization 4. consensual political culture 6. parochial 8. communist 10. conservative 12. radical 14. terrorist 16. Mao 18. taille 20. Xenophobia 22. Mestizo 24. Proletariot 26. Glasnost 28. Parliament 30. Effective Suffrage 32. CAP 34. Ayatollah Khomeini 36. Westoxication 37. Savak 39. Igbo 41. Hausa 43. Revolutionary Council 45. 419 Men 47. III. SOURCES OF PUBLIC AUTHORITY AND POLITICAL POWER LENGTH: 8-10 Days A. GOALS: 1. The students will: a. Evaluate the nature and sources of government’s legitimacy (social contracts, constitutionalism, ideologies and other claims to political legitimacy b. Assess the historical evolution of national political traditions. c. Formulate the different political cultures and the socialization of political values. B. SCHEDULE: 1- Hand back exam, critique - Legitimacy / Nature intro. 2 – GB 3 – GB video 4- China , China Web site 5-USSR + Stalin,. 6. Nigeria + Islam /Iran 7. Mexico 8-Exam Essay MC take-home C. EXAMS Essay + Obj Exam take-home D. READINGS: Almond/Powell – 8th Ed: pp. 46-61; GB pp. 159-167, 177-183; Nig: pp. 321-332, Russia: pp. 365-370, 379-383; China: pp. 210-216, 226-230. Mexico: pp. 258-264, 266-269; Iran- pp. 459462, 474-482. AE 02/03 GB: 10-15; Russ-pp. 121-123. AE 04/05 China pp. 184-186; FR pp 43-44 E. TERMINAL CONCEPTS: 1. Political Institutions 3. Ideologies 5. Magna Carta 7. Boxer rebellion 9. Caciguismo 11. Stalin 13. Charles DeGaulle 15. Guanxi 17. Meritocracy 19. Collective responsibility 21. European Community 23. nationalization 25. nomenclature 27. Cultural revolution 29. Great Leap Forward 31. mass line 33. Zhou Enlai 35. Rule of Law 2. Political Culture 4. Political Symbols 6. Pays Legal/Pays Reel 8. Long March 10. Crillos 12. Mao 14. PLA 16. Xenophobia 18. Camarilla 20. legitimacy of authority 22. Fifth Republic 24. Communist party (CPSU 26. Cadre 28. Democracy Wall 30. Hundred Flowers Campaign 32. warlordism 34. Legitimacy 36. CCP IV. Political Frameworks Time: 15 days A. The student will 1. Differentiate between types of regimes (communist, authoritarian, democratic etc.) 2. Evaluate the source of government activity (social and economic policy, planning and control.) 3. identify and qualify the institutions of national governments (legislatures, executives, bureaucracies and courts.) (a) the major formal and informal institutional arrangements and powers. (b) relations among these institutions (c) relations to subnational political units B. SCHEDULE: 1- State intro; 2- Govt overview 3- Govt overview; 4- Quiz Exec Action Essay to Library. 5- Russia 6 -FSU; 7- China, Exec Action Essay is due. 8- Mexico; 9- G. Britain; 10- Iran 11. Nigeria. 12- Articular quiz- Rule of Law; 13- Review 14- Essay 15- objective exam. C. EXAMS: State quiz ; Articular quiz- ; Essay ; Objective D. Readings: 8th Ed: Almond-Powell pp. 101-128 GB 167-177; Russia pp. 370-379, 401-405. China pp. 216-226; Mex pp.270-281, 482493; Nigeria- 334-340; Iran – pp. 462-470. ; AE 02/03:GB pp. 20-21;; Mexico: pp. 138-145; China: pp. 163-165. AE 04/05: Russia pp. 143-151. College Board Briefing Paper: Iran F. Terminal concepts 1. Constitution 3. Federal 5. sovereignty 7. parliamentary 9. succession 11. prime minister 13. backbenchers 15. cabinet 17. politburo 19. Congress of Peoples’ Deputies 21. State Council 23. political parties 25. legitimacy 27. bicameral 29. fusion of powers 31. crypto-politics 33. rational-legal leadership 35. Democracy Movement 37. presidentialism 39. Zampolit 41. European Community 43. permanent/Career Civil service 45. motion of censure 47. comrades courts 49. Soviet 51. Constitutional Council 2. Unitary 4. confederation 6. presidential 8. adhoc 10. departments 12. head of state 14. House of Lords/ Commons 16. extralegal 18. Supreme Soviet 20. National Peoples Congress 22. PRI 24. Patron Client 26. confederal 28. coalition 30. minority government 32. nomenclature 34. vertical division of powers 36. premier 38. Komsomol 40. caciques 42. ombudsman 44. Shadow Cabinet 46. Council of Ministers 48. democratic centralism 50. Federal Assembly 52. Rule of Law V. Citizens + Society -- Political Parties + Interest Groups Length: 16 days A. Political participants: The student will: 1. Compare the strengths and weaknesses of political parties and interest groups. a. compare functions, organization and development. b. analyze the range of interests that are or are not represented. c. indicate the links to institutions of government and effects on political process. 2. Analyze the different political leaderships; their recruitment and succession 3. Analyze the impact of the military on the political structure and legitimacy of the current administration. 4. Evaluate the role of media in democracies and authoritarian societies. 5. Compare and contrast the political participation of the various polities. 6. Analyze how minorities (including women) have attempted to become incorporated within the polity. B. SCHEDULE: 1 Pol Game; 2- intro pol parties; 3- GB - First past the poll; 4- Russ. 5-6 Russ assembly Simulation 7- Pol Participation + Voting 8- Mex- Fox Rules; 9- China’s Quanxi SCHEDULE CONTINUED 10- Iran 11- Nigeria, 12- Party Quiz, 13- POL Participation; 14- Interest groups + Factions + Military. 15- Women - EXAM Essay take-home 16- EXAM Obj. C. EXAMS: QUIZ; ESSAY EXAM; OBJ EXAM D. READINGS: Almond-Powell pp. 62-100. GB 183-194; Russia: pp. 372-381. China pp. 219-226, 230-242; Mex pp. 269, 281-296. Nig- pp. 340-349. Iran- pp. 468-474, 483-487. AE 02/03: pp. GB pp. 20-21; Mex pp. 138-145; China 163-165 AE 04/05 Russia pp. 143-151. E. Terminal concepts: 1. PRI 2. interest groups 5. functional representation 7. cell 9. representative + direct democracy 11. political efficacy 13. cadres 15. CPSU 17. CCP 19. Hua Kuo Feng 21. Gang of Four 23. Ejidtitarious/ ejidios 25. CTM 27. CROC 29. CEN 31. corporatism 33. proportional representation 35. gulag 37. associational groups 39. consociational party systems 41. exclusive governing body 43. Alliance 45. Labor party 47. Liberal Democrats 49. Thatcherism 51. Communist Party (PCF) 53. CGT 55. FNSEA 57. National Front 58. RPR 60. UDF 62. CPSU 64. CCP 66. mobilized participation 68. CTM 70. Corrienge Democratica 2. political parties 4. advisory commission 6. polarization 8. democratic centralism 10. patron client 12. single member plurality 14. apparatchiki ` 16. nomenclature 18. samizdat 20. Teng Hsiao Ping 22. CNC 24. BUO 26. CROM 28. CNOP 30. PARM 32. Hegemonic party system 34. collectivist 36. anomic interest groups 38. nonassociational groups 40. consociational party systems 42. inclusive governing party 44. First-past-the-post electoral system 46. New Labor Party 48. privatization 50. blocked vote 52. CFDT 54. CNPF 56. Jean Marie Le Pen 58. Prefects 59. Socialist Party 61. UDC 63. procuracy 65. PLA 67. Camarilla 69. PAN 71. Charismo VI. Citizen + State + Public Policy Objectives: LENGTH: 9-10 DAYS The Student will: A. Explain the beliefs that citizens hold about their governments and its leaders. B. Evaluate the processes by which citizens learn about politics. C. Analyze the way in which citizens vote and otherwise participate in political life. D. Differentiate between the variety of factors that influence citizens from one another in terms of their political beliefs and behavior. E. Determine the impact of the political culture on one’s current economic system. Calendar: 1-Review 2- Stability Rankings 3 EU Development 4- Establishing public policy. 5- Conceptual reviews. 6- Jeopardy game 7- Final Essay. 8- Final objective. 9. Review EXAMS: Essay; Obj MC D. READINGS: Almond-Powell -- pp. 129-154; GB – 194-202, RUSS- 397-406. CH-237-250; MEX-296-306; Nig- pp. 349-358. Iran- pp. 487-498. AE02/03: GB: pp. 21-22; 92-93; 96-98; 187-193. E. TERMINAL CONCEPTS: 1. Command Economy 3. distributive policies 5. feedback 7. neotraditional political system 9. opportunity cost 11. political performance 13. public policies 15. regulative policies 17. technocratic 19. welfare state 21. Keynesian 23. EEC 25. PEMEX 27. GOSPLAN 29. Centralized 31. Welfare state 33. EMU 2. direct taxes 4. extractive policies 6. indirect taxes 8. OECD 10. outputs and outcomes 12. progressive taxes 14. regressive taxes 16. symbolic policies 18. tradeoff 20. Political efficacy 22. NAFTA 24. Command Socialism 26. Market economy 28. GOSBANK 30. Decentralized 32. European Union B. Analysis Starpower Debriefing 1. Directions: Complete the following in a one page synopsis. It must be typed and at least one page in length. Questions to consider: a. What was the purpose of this demonstration? b. What was the symbol of power in this demonstration? c. How did one know their standing? d. How did the simulation involve the quest for power, human nature, greed, competition? e. How did you respond to the rule changes in the context of your role? f. What two democratic institutions could prevent such an abuse of power? g. Would this “abuse of power” be more prevalent in a developing country, or a developed country? Explain Rubric 8 __ 6 __ 4 __ Thesis statement ( topic statement + five supporting sentences) __ __ __ Power assessments are accurate ___ ___ __ Role Play interpretation was accurate. ___ ___ __ Democratic institutions are explained. ___ ___ __ Developing country v. developed country abuse of power analysis ___ __ Syntax, spelling, grammar is accurate ___ Deadline is met. Total (50) ____ Comments: 2. THESIS POLITY #1 “Human beings as physical organisms are subject to continual change . . . Bound together in an increasingly interdependent world; all governments confront challenges that demand the best of their capabilities.” Assess the validity of this statement by examining how a political scientist compares the polities of developed countries, developing countries and lesser developed countries in determining how well a system meets its people’s needs 3. Thesis statement #2 . "The task of government is to identify problems (or to anticipate them) and provide for solutions. Our study then is to ask ourselves constantly --How well is the art performed." In the context of one's research, how does one perceive the state of Mexico politically in the performance of meeting the needs of its people; and compare and contrast this performance with any of the other four states. 4. Revolutionary Components Essay Directions: Complete a 2-3 page typed essay, describing the revolution that established one’s current political system. Within your essay include • the revolutionary components, explaining how they were a part of the revolutionary era. • Why the revolution began . . . explaining three reasons for its development. • Why the revolution ended . . . explaining three reasons, or policies, that were implemented that ended the political strife and created the current government. Revolutions: Iran – Islamic Revolution of 1979 Russia -- Downfall of the Soviet Union, 1984 - 1991 China -- Chinese revolution, 1920-1948 Mexico -- Mexican revolution, 1920-1945 Great Britain -- Glorious Revolution of 1688 Nigeria-- Revolution of 1960 Revolution Essay Check Rubric 8 5 3 __ ___ ___ Thesis states one’s position. __ ___ ___ Three causes of the revolution are stated accurately. __ ___ ___ Three revolutionary solutions are stated accurately. __ ___ ___ Punctuation, spelling, syntax are accurate. __ ___ ___ Proper end noting procedures are utilized. (LaShomb pg2) Work Cited section is included ___ ___ ___ Key revolutionary components are defined. ___ Deadline is met. Total (51) _______ Due: _________ Thesis example Beset by economic difficulties and an authoritarian government, 13 fledgling colonies banned together against a perennial world power in an attempt to promote democracy and a free enterprise system. Relying upon the Bostonian influence to insight the masses, upper middle class businessmen incited the British government into forcing them into an untenable situation. With shouts of “No Taxation, Without Representation; and Give Me Liberty, or Give Me Death;” the radicals mobilized their forces to undo the imperial wrong doings of the British monarchy. Faced with the alternatives presented by radical Ben Franklin: “Gentlemen, we are either going to swing together or we are going to swing separately,” the colonists began the movement to evict their political antagonists, eventually ousting Great Britain from their shores. 5. II. Tiananmen Square Thesis In 1981, Deng implemented the Democracy Movement. Eight years later China’s leaders snuffed out democracy at Tiananmen Square. Why? Compare and contrast how China dealt with its chasms with how Gorbachev dealt with his cleavages? 6. MAO"S WAY Directions: Write a 2-3 page paper concerning the following issue. Endnote and provide a bibliography outlining your sources. How did Mao, who inherited a country beset by political, social and economic deprivation, mobilize the Chinese masses in just 30 years, and strive for an economic recovery that some analysts equate to the American industrial revolution, a socioeconomic change that encompassed 150 years of development. Describe four factors that influenced Mao’s revival. 7. Legit thesis #1 Which institutions have the British utilized in establishing a legitimate government for over 900 years and compare and contrast those institutions with Nigeria’s. Explain why a developing country would have it far more difficult to attain legitimacy while a developed country would not. 9. Mao’s Legacy By researching the following websites, answer the following Websites: http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/glf.html http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/cult2.html http://www.chinaleadershipmonitor.org/20024/ 1. What was the purpose of the Great Leap Forward (GLF)? 2. What symbols were used to promote GLF? 3. Why was Mao held in such high esteem? 4. How did Mao remain legitimate in the eyes of the Chinese people? 5. How was Mao’s presence found in every home? 6. How did Mao use the Mass Line approach to maintaining order? 7. Who did the Gang of Four wish to rule? 8. How did Hua Quofeng deal with this threat? 9. Why was Deng’s Democracy Movement of 1981 so rapidly embraced by the Chinese people and its party leadership? 10. Why was Mao considered to be the greatest propagandist in the 20th century? What propaganda techniques did he use so skillfully? 11. What is the purpose of the Mishu? Who was part of Mao’s Mishu; Zemin’s? Wen’s? 12. On the back, design a propaganda poster for the British system, using the sources of legitimacy previously discussed, i.e., symbols, ideology, institutions and political problems. Use examples of your Chinese experience as a template. 10. Russia v. China Fishbowl Question: Why has China’s economic and political development been far more successful than Russia’s over the last 15 years? Consider the following: 1. What are three reasons behind Russia’s slow development? 2. Do Chinese believe in Communism? What is the purpose of this ideology if it is not there to control the economic sector? 3. What is “authoritarian” capitalism? What other concepts could be used to identify this system? 4. Why does one follow the Communist Party? 5. What major event coincides with China’s 80th anniversary of the CCP? 6. What is today’s focus of the Chinese peoples? 7. What is the purpose of one party rule today? 8. What happens to those who wish to promote a more “liberal” China? 9. Is there corruption in China? Who has benefited from it and how have the Chinese people reacted to it? 10. What organizations are not permitted in this capitalistic society? Why? 11. Will China be able to peacefully transition to a democratic society? 12. What has happened in China’s history in comparison to Russia’s history? 13. Does Russia have a problem with corruption? How does Russia deal with it compared to the Chinese? 14. Have the Chinese become more efficient? 15. Do the Chinese have “faith”? How is that important in a one party rule? Resource: O’Neil, Patrick, Essential Readings in Comparative Politics, pp. 353-360: “What Beijing Can Learn from Moscow” W.W. Norton, 2004. C. 1. Evaluation I. Comparative Theory Exams I. Type: Definition and Description Time: 30 minutes Directions: Students will provide brief definitions or descriptions of five concepts or terms, noting their significance. Students may be asked to provide an example of the concept in one or more of the countries studied or to contrast concepts. 1. How has Globalization impacted economic and political relationships between nations? 2. Define Sovereignty? 3. Often times nation states turn to other organizations to promote one’s culture. What does one need to establish this type of Civil Society/Civic Culture? 4. Identify two reasons why multinational corporations play an increasingly large role in globalization. 5. Identify two conditions that would indicate a country has successfully moved beyond a procedural democracy to a substantive democracy. 2. <Format three (40 minutes)> Comparative scientists are often drawing conclusions about the developmental state of various societies. Select Mexico and United Kingdom, and by using the chart provided, compare and contrast the following. A. Identify which country is at a developing country status and which country is at a developed country status. B. Describe two pieces of data pulled from the chart that explains the developing country’s status. C. Describe two pieces of data pulled from the chart that explains the developed country’s status. D. From your knowledge of comparative politics, compare and contrast how the two states indicated above are involved in practicing the “art of politics” and how successful they are in implementing its practices. (30) 2. II. Comparative Change Essay DIRECTIONS: SELECT BOTH of the following: I. Format three – Country Context – 40 minutes a. Briefly describe the objectives and strategies of a protest movement that occurred in Iran in the 1970s and one that occurred in China in the 1980s. b. Compare the state’s response to each movement in the respective countries. c. Based on your comparison, discuss two conditions that affect a protest movement’s chances of achieving change. 2. Type: Conceptual Analysis Time: 30 minutes Weight: 25% of free response grade This question requires students to use major concepts from comparative politics, identify and explain important relationships, and, where appropriate, discuss the causes and implications of politics and policy. Define revolution. Explain how revolutions are distinct from other forms of political change. Describe one political institution and one public policy, and explain how each would help reduce the chances of revolution. 3. Revolutionary Quiz “The argument of the broken window pane is the most valuable argument in politics.” Assess the validity of this statement by comparing the success of three revolutions that we have studied. Provide adequate examples to complete your analysis. In your comparison a. Assess the validity of the argument in explaining how it describes an atmosphere of discontent. b. Describe three reasons why the societies were in shambles prior to the revolution. c. Explain three reasons why the societies were apparently successful in establishing new regimes. 4. III. Sources of Political Power Essay Exam DIRECTIONS: Complete both of the following. Format 3 Question: 40 minutes 1. The following characteristics are often associated with democracies. • Sustained and recurring national elections • Competitive political parties • Civilian control over the military • An independent judiciary (a) Define two of the characteristics above and for each of these two characteristics, explain how it contributes to democracy. (a) Has each characteristic you selected in (a) contributed to democracy in Iran, Great Britain and Russia. Explain your answer. Format One: 25 minutes 1. Define how co-optation is used by a government in its attempt to make itself legitimate. 2. Define Legitimacy. 3. Compare the difference between a State and a nation. 4. How is Political Socialization involved in establishing an ideology? 5. Define Clientalism and the components thereof. 5. IV. POLITICAL STRUCTURES ESSAY EXAM 07 Country Context: (40 minutes) 1. The expectations citizens have of their governments often play a major role in determining the score of government policy or action. a) Describe one example of public expectations affecting government policy or action in the United Kingdom. b) Describe one example of public expectations affecting government policy or action in either Iran or Nigeria. c) For each of these examples, describe a factor that limits the ability of the government to totally meet the public expectations and how that factor limits the government. Conceptual Question: (30 minutes) 1. a. Define Democratization. b) Describe one factor that inhibits democratization and one factor that promotes democratization within a country. c) Explain one external factor that impacts a countries’ democratization and how that force encourages its development 6. V. POLITICAL PARTIES/ SIG ESSAY EXAM III. DIRECTIONS: Select One. You are to answer the questions in 40 minutes. Make certain to number your answer as the question is numbered below. 1. The recruitment of political elites is important in any political system. (00) (a) Identify and discuss two factors that affect recruitment in both China and Nigeria. (b) Is it easier to gain access into political elite membership in China or in Nigeria? Explain your answer, using the two factors you identified in (a) and your knowledge of the political systems of the countries. 2. Compare the electoral systems of Great Britain and Russia by doing all of the following. a. Describe the system used to elect members of the British House of Commons. Describe the system used to elect members of the Russian Duma. b. Describe how the electoral system in Great Britain affects the political party system. Describe how the electoral system in Russia affects the political party system. c. Compare the impact of the electoral system in Great Britain and the electoral system in Russia on legislative-executive relations in those countries. Explain your answer. (01)