Assignment 10 Species Relationships
Due November 1
1. Essay (3 points)
Using the organisms in the sponge community, describe two food chains. Each chain
must have at least three organisms in it--when describing each chain, start with the
lowest trophic level. One of your food chains must include the sponge.
2. Essay (2 points)
Convert your food chains in question 1 into a food web by adding at least one primary or
secondary consumer. Indicate clearly where the new organism fits and how it links the
two food chains together.
3. Multiple select (3 points)
Pick three of the following members of the sponge community that are most likely to be
primary consumers:
___ tunicate
___ barnacle
___ flatworm
___ fire worm
___ brittlestar
___ nudibranch
___ crab
___ sponge
4. Multiple select (3 points)
Pick three of the following members of the sponge community that are most likely to be
tertiary consumers:
___ small crustaceans, like the isopod
___ fan worm
___ crab
___ burrowing annelid filter-feeder
___ nudibranch
___ tunicate
___ cnidarian
___ sponge
5. Multiple-choice (1 point)
Which group of animals in the sponge community (if any) can be placed at all three
consumer levels?
brittlestar
crab
flatworm
tunicate
none of these
The next two questions are based on the malaria animation:
6. Essay (2 points)
Persons suffering from malaria have repeated attacks of fevers and chills. If the patient
is not treated with appropriate drugs, each attack tends to be more severe than the
previous one. Write a short essay explaining why this happens.
7. Essay (4 points)
There are several examples of parasitic relationships in the life cycle of the protist that
causes malaria. Write a short essay that describes two examples of parasitism related
to this disease. For each example, indicate how one species benefits and how the other
is harmed.
The next question refers to the diagram of the Chinese liver fluke life cycle :
8. Multiple-choice (1 point)
The Chinese liver fluke has two intermediate hosts in which larval stages live. The host
that releases cercariae into the water is a
snail
human
fish
mosquito
adult fluke
9. Essay (3 points)
We sometimes find nematodes of unknown species in the digestive tract of bluegill that
we dissect. Are these worms parasites or commensals? Write a short essay that
indicates the difference between these two species relationships. If the nematode is a
commensal, what benefit might it derive from living within a fish?
The next question is based on Table 2 :
10. Multiple-choice (1 point)
If you had to rank the Ohio parasites in order of prevalence, which species would rank
as most prevalent across all five bodies of water?
Posthodiplostomum minimum
Proteo-cephalus ambloplitis
Camallanus oxycephalus
Spinitectus micracanthus
All four species are equally prevalent.
The next two questions are based on Table 3 :
11. Multiple-choice (1 point)
What effect(s) besides bleaching occurred when the sea anemones were kept in the
dark?
Many of the anemones died.
The base of all anemones decreased in size.
The "head" of all anemones decreased in size.
Both the base and "head" of all anemones decreased in size.
The base and "head" of all anemones increased in size.
12. Essay (2 points)
From the data in Table 3, it appears that the larger sea anemones may have fared
better during the experiment. Write a short essay that explains how you would test this
hypothesis. Hint: Would you examine base or head diameter changes? Would you
examine absolute or relative (%) changes in diameters?
The last two questions are based on the videos that show life around deep-sea, thermal
vents.
13. Multiple-choice (1 point)
How do the tube worms that live around deep-sea vents survive?
They perform chemosynthesis.
They perform photosynthesis.
They eat the nearby shrimp and crabs.
They acquire nutrients from symbiotic bacteria.
They scrape bacteria from rocks around the vent.
14. Multiple-choice (1 point)
How do the shrimp that live around deep-sea vents survive?
They perform chemosynthesis.
They perform photosynthesis.
They eat the nearby tube worms.
They acquire nutrients from symbiotic bacteria.
They scrape bacteria from rocks around the vent.