Jacksonian Democracy 1824-1844
01. Andrew Jackson failed to support the annexation of Texas because (A) he feared
war with Mexico would be the result (B) there was considerable opposition in New
England to another slave state (C) 1836 was an election year and he did not want to
injure Martin Van Buren’s chances for the Presidency (D) all of these.
02. Which of the following would not be considered part of Jacksonian Democracy?
(A) establishment of labor unions and their recognition by the courts (B) the growth of
railroad monopolies (C) spread of free public schools (D) extension of male suffrage.
03. Jackson won the Election of 1828 because of the (A) support of many Americans
who had recently gained the right to vote (B) support of wealthy businessmen (C) support
of the Whigs (D) all of these.
04. Which of the following was not associated with Jacksonian Democracy? (A)
extension of the suffrage (B) national nominating conventions (C) spoils system (D)
decrease in Presidential power.
05. Jackson favored the destruction of the Bank of the United States because he (A)
considered it unconstitutional (B) thought it was a monopoly benefiting the rich (C)
charged that it was engaging in questionable political activity (D) all of these.
06. The South called the tariff of 1828 the “Tariff of Abominations” because (A) it
considered the rates too high (B) it applied only to the South (C) it would raise
unnecessary revenue (D) all of these.
07. The major issue in the election of 1832 was (A) nullification (B) the tariff (C) the
Bank of the United States (D) sectionalism.
08. Jackson’s reply to South Carolina’s threat to secede was (A) Force Act (B) a policy
of inaction (C) a “wait and see” attitude (D) none of these.
09. The political party that was formed by various groups united chiefly by their dislike
of Jackson was the (A) Federalist (B) Liberal (C) Whig (D) Democratic.
10. The Specie Circular (A) forbade payment to the Treasury for public land in
anything but gold or silver (B) forbade the sale of public land for six months (C) forbade
payment to the Treasury for public land in specie (D) forbade the “Pet Banks” to issue
Notes.
11. In 1837, many banks failed because (A) they did not print enough money (B) their
Notes were not backed by gold or silver (C) land speculators withdrew their money (D)
the Bank of the United States was abolished.
12. Under the “Spoils System,” a victorious political party could (A) determine the
make up of Congress (B) remove Supreme Court Justices (C) fill public offices with
political supporters (D) do all of these.
13. The South Carolina Exposition and Protest was drawn up in opposition to (A)
Tariff of Abominations (B) Intolerable Acts (C) spoils system (D) Constitutional
Convention (1787).
14. President Jackson’s Indian policy resulted in all of the following except: (A) the
defeat of Tecumseh and the Prophet (B) defeat of the Black Hawks (C) Seminole War
(D) removal of the Cherokees from Florida.
15. In 1830, a famous debate took place in the Senate between Webster and (A)
Calhoun (B) Hayne (C) Clay (D) Jackson.
16. Henry Clay’s Compromise (1833) included (A) a lower tariff (B) a Force Bill,
authorizing the President to use the military to enforce the law (C) both of these (D)
neither of these.
17. The Panic of 1837, occurred because (A) many banks failed (B) sound money
disappeared from circulation (C) both of these (D) neither of these.
18. Although William Henry Harrison won an overwhelming victory in the Election of
1840, voters were disappointed because (A) he was not an effective President (B) he
supported Jackson’s ideas (C) he died shortly after taking office (D) he refused to use the
spoils system.
19. Florida was purchased from (A) Russia (B) France (C) Spain (D) Britain.
20. The Jacksonian Era is generally considered to include the (A) 1st quarter of the 19th
century (B) 1st half of the 19th century (C) 2nd half of the 19th century (D) 2nd quarter
of the 19th century.
21. Which of the following treaties had nothing to do with the northern United States
border? (A) Adams-Onis (B) Line of 1818 (C) Russo-American (D) Rush-Bagot.
22. The “Era of Good Feelings” was thus dubbed because of (A) the domination of the
Democratic-Republicans (B) the absence of political conflict (C) the absence of sectional
strife (D) the lack of important national issues.
23. The South Carolina Exposition and Protest was adopted as a result of (A) “The
Tariff of Abominations” (B) the Hartford Convention (C) the Embargo Act (D) William
Lloyd Garrison’s The Liberator.
24. Jefferson and Jackson agreed on all of the following except: (A) all citizens are
equally fit for office (B) the rights of the individual should be protected (C) privilege and
monopoly in government are undemocratic (D) the power of government rests on the
consent of the governed.
25. By 1850, the attitude of most Northern people toward slavery can best be described
as (A) strongly supporting abolition (B) tolerating slavery’s existence, but opposing its
spread (C) favoring limited importation of slaves (D) favoring compensated
emancipation.
26. John Quincy Adams was elected President in 1824 because (A) he was supported
by the Democratic Republican Party (B) he received a majority of the electoral votes (C)
he was supported by the West and South (D) he received a majority of the popular vote.
27. Which of the following would favor a protective tariff? (A) Southern planter (B)
Northern manufacturer (C) Western farmer (D) land speculator.
28. What is true about the so-called “corrupt bargain” between Henry Clay and John
Quincy Adams? (A) it resulted in Jackson’s selection as President (B) the charge was
never proved, but it was good politics (C) it showed that the South and West were
working together (D) it split the Republican Party
29. The major reason for the Panic of 1837 was (A) people had lost their jobs (B) the
negative effects of the high tariff (C) a war in Europe (D) overspeculation in western
lands.
30. The reason that Jackson vetoed the recharter of the Bank of the United States was
that he believed (A) the federal government should not be responsible for handling
money (B) the Bank was a corrupt monopoly (C) the bank was unconstitutional (D) the
Bank favored the South.
31. Which of the following statements about Jackson is not true? (A) he supported
nullification (B) he practiced the spoils system (C) he had faith in the common man (D)
he opposed the Bank of the United States.
32. As a result of the decisions of Chief Justice John Marshall, the powers of the federal
government (A) decreased (B) increased (C) increased only in time of crisis (D)
decreased only in time of crisis.
33. In the Webster-Hayne Debates, Hayne presented all of the following views except:
(A) the states were independent sovereigns (B) each state was the final interpreter of its
duties under the Constitution (C) the national government was supreme over the states
(D) the central government was becoming too powerful.
34. The President elected in 1840 was (A) Martin Van Buren (B) Zachory Taylor (C)
John Tyler (D) William Henry Harrison.
35. Which of the following was the President of the Second Bank of the United States?
(A) Eli Whitney (B) Nicholas Biddle (C) Daniel Webster (D) Martin Van Buren.
36. A major factor leading to the Panic of 1837 was (A) end of canal construction (B)
failure of the Bank of the United States (C) crop failures in the Ohio Valley (D)
overspeculation in public lands.
37. Which of the following helped to spur the western migration of settlers? (A)
removal of the Indians (B) new tariff laws (C) grown of shipping industry (D)
establishment of pet banks.
38. Why was it easy for reform movements to attract supporters during the Age of
Jackson? (A) the Panic of 1837 encouraged the rise of labor unions (B) newspapers and
lyceums spread information about social problems (C) unemployment was increasing (D)
the War of 1812 had broken America’s spirit.
39. The Indian Removal Act was passed because the Indians were (A) occupying public
lands (B) a menace to white settlers (C) on land wanted by white settlers (D) opposed to
the doctrine of nullification.
40. Which of the following was not acquired during the period 1815-1860? (A)
Louisiana Purchase (B) Alaska (C) Hawaii (D) all of these.
41. The cotton gin resulted in (A) the strengthening of slavery (B) the building of
Samuel Slater’s first mill (C) the speedy growth of the textile industry in the South (D)
great wealth for the inventor.
42. The New England transcendentalist authors (A) praised individualism (B) favored
traditionalism (C) denounced liberalism (D) embraced sensationalism.
43. The largest number of people in the South prior to 1860 were (A) freedmen (B)
slave owners (C) slaves (D) yeoman farmers.
44. The most significant economic change in America before 1860 was (A) the growth
of powerful labor unions (B) increased manufacturing in the South (C) the opening of
new markets through improved transportation (D) the shift from cotton to wheat
production.
45. The Free Soilers favored (A) immediate abolition with compensation (B)
immediate emancipation without compensation (C) compensated manumission on a
gradual basis (D) prohibition of slavery only in the new territories.
46. The Utopian communities in America before 1860 were handicapped because they
(A) were ultimately overcrowded (B) were forced to compete with free enterprise (C)
were outlawed by Congress (D) generally embraced free love.
47. Which of the following was not a leader of a slave revolt? (A) Nat Turner (B)
Denmark Vessey (C) Frederick Douglass (D) Gabriel Proesser.
48. The slavery issue effected ante bellum religions in America by (A) fostering
religious unity (B) causing many Southerners to release their slaves (C) tempering racial
prejudice (D) splitting Northern and Southern churches.
49. Americans before 1860 (A) surpassed Europeans in basic scientific research (B)
shone in adapting European science to their problems (C) lacked any real scientific talent
(D) were not interested in science.
50. Which of the following was not a reason for the rapid expansion of cotton
cultivation in the South? (A) the decline of the tobacco market (B) the invention of the
cotton gin (C) abundant, unoccupied and fertile land to the west (D) the industrial
revolution in England.
51. The major factor in anti-foreigner agitation in the 1850s was (A) the threat to
American temperance movements (B) the influx of Catholics (C) the flood of Southern
Europeans (D) the worsening of urban slum conditions.
52. A majority of slave owners in the South owned how many slaves? (A) less than 10
(B)
10-50 (C) 50-100 (D) more than 100.
53. By 1860, religion in America was characterized by (A) greater intolerance (B)
greater religious intensity (C) a multiplicity of denominations (D) increased restrictions
on Catholics and Jews.
54. The slow development of the industrial revolution in America was characterized by
all of the following except: (A) an abundant labor force (B) corresponding changes in
agriculture (C) a lack of capital (D) underdeveloped natural resources.
55. The South in ante bellum times could best be described as (A) Protestant and an
oligarchy (B) egalitarian and agricultural (C) industrial and agrarian (D) rural and
democratic.
56. The major application for steamboats transporting freight and passengers in the
United States was on (A) New England streams (B) western rivers (C) the Great Lakes
(D) the trans-Atlantic.
57. In general,______ tended to bind the West and South together, while______
and_______ connected West to East. (A) steamboats, canals, railroads (B) railroads,
canals, steamboats (C) canals, steamboats, turnpikes (D) turnpikes, steamboats, canals.
58. Those who were frightened by the rapid influx of Irish immigrants organized (A)
the Order of the Star-Spangled Banner (B) the Molly Maguires (C) Tammany Hall (D)
the Ancient Order of Hibernians.
59. The religious sects that gained most from the revivalism of the Second Great
Awakening were the (A) Catholics and Episcopalians (B) Unitarians and Adventists (C)
Methodists and Baptists (D) Congregationalists and Presbyterians.
60. The South’s “positive good” argument for slavery claimed all of the following
except: (A) slavery was supported by both the Bible and the Constitution (B) slavery was
good for the barbarous Africans, because they were introduced to Christianity (C) slavery
was moral and uplifting (D) slaves were better off than most Northern wage earners.
61. The American working force in the early 19th century was characterized by (A)
substantial employment of women and children in factories (B) strikes by workers that
were few in number but usually effective (C) a general lengthening of the workday from
10 to 14 hours (D) a high amount of political activity among workers.
62. The “Canal Era” of American history was initiated by the construction of the (A)
Mainline Canal in Pennsylvania (B) James River and Kanasha Canal from Virginia to
Ohio (C) Wabash Canal in Indiana (D) Erie Canal in New York.
63. Most early railroad construction in the United States was in the (A) Northeast (B)
Old South (C) Lower Mississippi Valley (D) Far West.
64. As the new continental market economy grew (A) individual households became
increasingly self-sufficient (B) the home came to be viewed as a refuge from the
workaday world (C) traditional women’s work was more highly valued and increasingly
important (D) respect for women as homemakers declined.
65. In foreign trade in the early 19th century Americans _____ agricultural products
and
_____manufactured goods and they generally imported _____ than they exported (A)
imported, exported, less (B) imported, exported, more (C) exported, imported, less (D)
exported, imported, more.
66. The Irish immigrants to early 19th century America (A) tended to settle on western
farmland (B) were warmly welcomed by American workers (C) were mostly Catholics
(D) identified and sympathized with American free blacks.
67. The sentiment of fear and opposition to open immigration was called (A) the cult
of domesticity (B) nativism (C) abolitionism (D) rugged individualism.
68. The Second Great Awakening tended to (A) reduce social class differences (B) blur
regional distinctions (C) promote religious diversity (D) discourage church membership.
69. An early 19th century religious rationalist sect that was devoted to the rule of
reason and free will was the (A) Methodists (B) Adventists (C) Unitarians (D) Mormons.
70. Of the following, the most flourishing of the early 19th century communitarian
experiments was that at (A) Brook Farm, Massachusetts (B) Oneida, New York (C) New
Harmony, Indiana (D) Seneca Falls, New York.
71. The Hudson River school excelled in the art of painting (A) landscapes (B)
portraits (C) animal life (D) daguerreotypes.
72. Transcendentalists believed that all knowledge came through (A) the writings of
John Locke (B) the senses (C) observation (D) an inner light.
73. Virtually all the distinguished historians of early 19th century America were from
(A) the South (B) the middle Atlantic states (C) New England (D) the West.
74. The plantation system of the cotton South was (A) increasingly monopolistic (B)
efficient at utilizing natural resources (C) financially stable (D) attractive to European
immigrants.
75. By the mid-19th century, (A) most southerners owned slaves (B) the smaller
slaveholders owned a majority of the slaves (C) slavery was a dying institution (D) most
slaves lived on large plantations.
76. Most white southerners were (A) planter aristocrats (B) small slaveowners (C)
yeoman farmers (D) “poor white trash”.
77. Transcendentalists were dedicated to (A) predestination (B) individualism (C)
respect for authority (D) conventional wisdom.
78. Perhaps the slave’s greatest horror was (A) the separation of slave families (B) the
frequent use of the whip by slaveowners (C) the breeding of slaves (D) slaves always
having to do the most dangerous work on the plantation.
79. In the ante bellum South, the most uncommon and least successful form of slave
resistance was (A) feigned laziness (B) sabotage of plantation equipment (C) running
away (D) armed insurrection.
80. After 1830, the Abolitionist Movement took a new, more energetic tone,
encouraged by the (A) success of the British abolitionists (B) the triumph of the Liberty
Party (C) success of the American Colonization Society (D) success of several southern
slave revolts.
81. Which of the following best describes the term “Manifest Destiny”? (A) rapid
settling of the frontier (B) right of the United States to acquire all the territory to the
Pacific Ocean (C) obligation of the United States to spread democracy (D) duty to
conquer the Native Americans.
82. The first settlements in the Salt Lake Valley were founded by (A) farmers seeking
fertile land (B) traders with the Indians (C) army posts to protect wagon trains (D) people
seeking religious freedom.
83. Which of the following was a prominent Democratic leader? (A) Abraham Lincoln
(B) William Seward (C) Stephen Douglas (D) Horace Greely.
84. Which of the following was elected immediately after Van Buren? (A) Taylor (B)
Polk (C) Pierce (D) Harrison.
85. Which of the following was a result of the other three? (A) annexation of Texas (B)
questionable boundary claims (C) rights of Mexican residents (D) treaties with the
Indians.
86. Which of the following events occurred first? (A) Tariff of Abominations (B) Force
Act (C) South Carolina Exposition and Protest (D) Clay’s Compromise Tariff.
87. The admission of Texas to the Union was delayed over the issue of (A) extension of
slavery (B) questionable boundary claims (C) rights of Mexican residents (D) Indian
treaties.
88. By 1860, over 50% of the value of American exports was from (A) peanuts (B)
cotton (C) rice (D) sugar
89. According to the views of John C Calhoun in 1828, a federal law could be nullified
by (A) the majority of the state legislatures (B) opposition of a single state legislature (C)
the action of a state supreme court (D) the action of a state constitutional convention.
90. The passing of the Canal era of United States history was largely the result of (A)
development of the railroads (B) the Panic of 1837 (C) the invention of the steamship (D)
creation of the great turnpike system.
91. All of the following were candidates for President except: (A) Martin Van Buren
(B) Henry Clay (C) William Henry Harrison (D) Salmon Chase.
92. The most important result of the Abolitionist Movement was (A) winning the
majority of the Northern people to the anti-slavery cause (B) a movement that sent most
of the slaves back to Africa (C) convincing a majority of southerners that their way of life
was dying (D) to make compromise between the North and South almost impossible.
93. Which of the following is a TRUE statement? (A) California was purchased from
England (B) Mexico received no money for territory ceded after the Mexican War (C)
Texas won its independence from Mexico after the Battle of the Alamo (D) none of these.
94. What caused the decline of the Whig Party? (A) the party spit over the tariff issue
(B) the party lacked outstanding leaders (C) the party died out when the more vigorous
Republicans took over (D) the party split over the slavery issue.
95. The Compromise of 1850 was based in part on the point of view that (A) the
principles of the Missouri Compromise should be followed (B) slavery should not exist
(C) slaves are personal property cannot be prohibited (D) the voters in a territory should
decide the issue of slavery.
96. Between 1790 and 1860, the Negro population of the United States (A) grew
tremendously (B) was increased by importation from Puerto Rico (C) outnumbered the
white population (D) outnumbered the white population in the South.
97. In 1860, the quickest way to send a message from California to Missouri was (A)
Pony Express (B) wireless telegraph (C) Butterfield mail route (D) stagecoach.
98. Which of the following is a true statement? (A) The South wanted to annex Texas
because it would add to the number of slave states (B) James K. Polk was President in
1845 (C) there was a gold rush to California in 1849 (D) all of these.
99. The city that became the “gateway to the west” because of the Erie Canal was (A)
New York (B) Buffalo (C) Pittsburgh (D Boston.
100. The outstanding advantage of the steamboat over the flatboat for transportation on
the Mississippi River during the 1840s was that it (A) could transport people as well as
goods (B) was cheaper to operate (C) was subsidized by the government (D) could make
a round trip.
101. Most manufacturing establishments during the first half of the 1800s were owned
and operated (A) as partnerships of several people (B) by individuals (C) as corporations
with numerous stockholders (D) as combinations of corporations.
102. The invention that was most responsible for shaping the economy of the South was
the (A) steam locomotive (B) steamship (C) cotton gin (D) cotton planter.
103. Each of the following is a true statement about slavery in the South except: (A)
there were about 1 million slaves in 1860 (B) most slaves worked on farms or plantations
(C) most southerners owned no slaves (D) most southerners owned only a few slaves.
104. During the 1830s, the Abolition Movement became (A) less active (B) more
militant (C) less active (D) convinced that slavery could only be ended gradually.
105. Those who believed in the Pro-Slavery argument held that (A) slavery was of
positive value to the slaves because it provided them with a secure and stable existence
(B) slavery was necessary to provide a secure labor supply of cheap labor (C) slavery
acted as a civilizing influence on the slaves (D) all of these.
106. Each of the following is true about the slave gang labor system except: (A) slaves
could earn wages during their free time (B) overseers assigned work (C) slaves “drivers”
directed the work (D) it was designed to get as much work as possible out of the slaves.
110. Between 1819-1844, the number of Senators representing slave states and free
states had been kept equal by (A) compromises in the admission of new states (B)
increasing the number of Senators from slave states (C) increasing the number of
Senators from Northern states (D) decreasing the number of Senators from Northern
states.
111. The Missouri Compromise (1820) (A) admitted Missouri as a slave state (B) kept
an even balance between slaves and free states (C) prohibited slavery in the rest of the
Louisiana area north of 36’ 30” (D) all of these.
112. The Wilmot Proviso provided that (A) slavery would be prohibited in the lands
acquired from Mexico after the Mexican War (B) slavery would be permitted in the lands
acquired from Mexico after the Mexican War (C) voters in the lands acquired from
Mexico would decide the issue of slavery (D) none of these.
115. Which of the following was not necessary for Southern economic prosperity? (A)
acquisition of new lands suitable for cultivation of cotton (B) reduction of the tariff on
manufactured goods (C) establishment of a tariff on raw foreign cotton (D) relaxation of
laws prohibiting the importation of slaves from Africa.
120. Which of the following did not have the effect of stirring up feeling against
slavery? (A) Harriet Beecher Stowe (B) Jefferson Davis (C) William L. Garrison (D)
Henry Ward Beecher.
121. Nearly all Negro Spirituals expressed the slaves” (A) contentment (B) love of
America (C) acceptance of hard work (D) longing for freedom.
122. The two most important issues of the period 1825-1850 were (A) slavery and
territorial expansion (B) territorial expansion and the National Bank (C) free silver and
the tariff (D) the tariff and federal support of internal improvements.
123. The Missouri Compromise provided for all of the following except: (A) slavery
was prohibited north of 36’ 30” (B) the Louisiana Territory was open to slavery (C)
Missouri was admitted as a slave state (D) Maine was admitted as a free state.
124. Abolitionists believed that (A) Negroes were well cared for (B) slavery should be
encouraged in the North (C) slaves should be set free (D) the slave trade with Africa
should be increased.
125. It was the opinion of the southern leaders that the Union was (A) made up of free
and sovereign states (B) a compact among the states, the consent of all of which was
necessary for dissolution (C) the authority of the federal government was supreme (D)
created by the people, not the individual states.
128. The American Colonization Society was largely unsuccessful because (A) slave
owners were not paid for the loss of their slaves (B) Liberia was not a good place to live
(C) most black Americans opposed colonization (D) all of these.
129. The Tariff Act (1833) (A) increased rates (B) sharply reduced rates (C) provided for
a gradual reduction of rates (D) provided for a gradual increase in rates.
130. The Tallmadge Amendment (1819) proposed to (A) prohibit further introduction of
slaves into Missouri (B) prohibit slavery in all territories (C) allow slavery in all
territories (D) free all children born into slavery in the Southern states.
132. The Westward Movement refers to (A) the rapid settlement of the Pacific Coast (B)
the movement of settlers from the east (C) immigration of large numbers of people to the
United States (D) none of these.
133. Most of the slaves on the plantations (A) did housekeeping (B) worked in the fields
(C) were carpenters and blacksmiths (D) worked in factories.
134. Many planters treated their slaves reasonably well because (A) slaves were
expensive (B) slaves were difficult to obtain (C) they were required to do so by law (D)
all of these.
135. Transportation in the 1800s was aided by the development of (A) steamboats (B)
railroads (C) clipper ships (D) all of these.
137. Enthusiasm for canal building ended in 1837 because (A) railroads were increasing
in importance (B) a serious depression began that year (C) several states defaulted on
their canal bonds (D) all of these.
138. The “Forty Niners” were those who (A) participated in the California Gold Rush
(B) explored in the Southwest (C) helped defeat the Mexicans in the Mexican War (D)
settled Utah.
139. Immigrants came to the United States during the 1830s and 1840s for all of the
following reasons except: (A) potato famine (B) unsuccessful political revolutions (C)
reports of plenty in America (D) elimination of tenant farming.
140. The case of Commonwealth v. Hunt (1846) is important because (A) the right of
labor to organize was recognized in Massachusetts (B) labor unions were declared
conspiracies in restraint of trade (C) labor unions were declared illegal throughout the
United States (D) none of these.
141. Free Black Southerners (A) enjoyed the same rights as whites (B) were forced to
move to the North (C) frequently owned their own land (D) none of these.
142. Why did the Southern states attract so few immigrants 1820-60? (A) these states
had stricter immigration laws (B) transportation facilities in this region were undeveloped
(C) free unskilled labor could not compete with slave labor (D)most immigrants wanted
to be wage earners rather than farmers.
143. Which of the following was most important in determining the location of early
factories? (A) nearness to raw materials (B) nearness to swiftly flowing streams for
power (C) supply of unskilled labor (D) whims of Congress.
144. Why did the South fail to develop much industry before the Civil War? (A) the
plantation system produced little capital for investment (B) most of the South’s capital
was invested in the North (C) sources of raw materials were located too far from sources
of power (D) England refused to buy raw cotton unless the South purchased her finished
products.
145. What was the chief source of Southern income in the South 1800-50? (A)
agriculture (B) commerce (C) manufacturing (D) shipping.
146. According to the Doctrine of Nullification, where did the right to determine the
constitutionality of a national law finally reside? (A) in the states (B) in Congress (C) in
the Supreme Court (D) in the Presidency.
147. One of the important effects of slavery on the South was that (A) industrial
development was discouraged (B) the population increased more rapidly than in the
North (C) the South came to favor a protective tariff (D) a stronger economic bond
developed between the western and southern agricultural areas.
150. Whose views on the Union were most opposed to the other three? (A) Daniel
Webster (B) Henry Clay (C) John C. Calhoun (D) John Marshall.
151. Which of the following, though a slaveholder, helped to check the nullification
movement? (A) Daniel Webster (B) Thomas Hart Benton (C) Andrew Jackson (D) John
C. Calhoun.
152. Between 1800-1830, the attitude of the South toward slavery changed because (A)
the North refused to have slaves counted for representation (B) land acquired was
suitable for plantation farming (C) foreign slave trade closed in 1808 (D) growing
economic importance of cotton seemed to make slavery a necessity.
153. An essential cause of the “New Democracy” was (A) corruptions and scandals
among the wealthy who had previously controlled politics (B) the increased stake in
politics felt by the ordinary citizen after the Panic of 1819 (C) the rising level of
education among the citizenry (D) the growing threat of war by citizens who feared the
draft.
154. A new and more democratic way of nominating the presidential candidates was (A)
direct primary (B) national nominating convention (C) the congressional caucus (D) the
petition system.
155. The Jacksonian charge of “corrupt bargain” to gain John Quincy Adams the
presidency arose partly because (A) William Crawford threw his electoral votes to
Adams in exchange for a seat in the House (B) Adams was charged with having bribed
members of the House to vote for him (C) Adams ended his previous opposition to
Clay’s American System (D) Clay was named Secretary of State after throwing his
support to Adams.
156. In the battle over the “Tariff of Abominations” (A) New England backed the high
tariff while the South demanded lower duties (B) both New England and the South
opposed higher duties (C) the South fought for higher tariffs while the West wanted
lower rates (D) the South backed higher tariffs while New England sought to lower the
rates.
157. The idea that there was a “political revolution in 1828 rests on (A) the radical
Jacksonian call for a redistribution of wealth and an end to slavery (B) the weakening of
elite control of politics and increased involvement of ordinary voters in the political
process (C) the riots and political violence that accompanied Jackson’s rise to power (D)
the weakening of the power of party machines to control the party.
158. One of the central beliefs of Jacksonian Democracy was that (A) the Presidency
should be weakened and Congress strengthened (B) office holding should be open to as
many ordinary citizens as possible (C) the federal government should take an active role
in shaping the economy (D) public offices should be distributed on the basis of merit
rather than political affiliation.
159. One unfortunate consequence of the spoils system was (A) a weakening of political
parties (B) a growing lack of interest in politics (C) a growing conflict between the
executive and legislative branches of government (D) an increase in incompetence and
corruption in government.
160. In his debate with Senator Hayne, Daniel Webster argued that (A) the federal
government had been formed by the people and the states had no right to nullify a federal
law (B) the federal government had been created by the states but was superior to them
(C) the states and the Supreme Court had an equal right to rule on the constitutionality of
laws (D) only sections and not individuals could interfere with federal legislation.
161. The Peggy Eaton Affair contributed to the bitter personal conflict between Andrew
Jackson and (A) Henry Clay (B) John C Calhoun (C) Martin Van Buren (D) None of
these.
162. Andrew Jackson’s Maysville Road Veto signaled his opposition to A) states rights
(B) the “American System” (C) the replacement of canals by roads (D) use of the tariff to
finance internal improvements.
163. The strongest regional support for the Tariff (1833) came from (A) the South (B)
New England (C) the Middle Atlantic (D) the West.
164. The Nullification Crisis (1832-33) was over (A) banking policy (B) the Tariff (C)
internal improvements (D) public land sales.
165. Andrew Jackson’s veto of the Bank Recharter Bill represented (A) a bold assertion
of Presidential power on behalf of western farmers and other debtors (B) an attempt to
assure bankers and creditors that the federal government had their interests at heart (C) a
concession to Henry Clay and his National Republican followers (D) a gain for sound
banking and a financially stable currency.
166. In response to South Carolina’s nullification of the Tariff of 1828, Andrew Jackson
(A) hanged several of the nullifiers (B) dispatched several modest naval and army units to
the state while preparing larger forces (C) asked Henry Clay for help (D) said nothing
about nullification.
167. The Nullification crisis started by South Carolina over the Tariff (1828) was ended
when (A) Andrew Jackson used the court system to force compliance (B) the federal
armies crushed resistance (C) Congress used the Force Act (D) Congress passed the
Compromise Tariff of 1833.
168. Among the new political developments that appeared in the Election of 1832 were
(A) political parties and direct popular voting for President (B) newspaper endorsements
and public financing of political campaigns (C) nomination by congressional caucus and
voting by the Electoral College (D) third party campaigning, national conventions and
party platforms.
169. Jackson’s Specie Circular declared that (A) all federal deposits had to be removed
from the Bank of the United States (B) the Treasury would distribute surplus federal
funds to the states (C) all public lands would have to be purchased with “hard” or
metallic money (D) all paper currency had to be backed by gold or silver.
170. A source of friction between the Mexican government and immigrant settlers was
(A) the price of land (B) the importation of slaves (C) the treatment of women (D) the
issue of settlers voting rights.
171. The end result of Jackson’s policies concerning Native Americans was (A) the
florishing of the southwestern tribes on their ancestral lands (B) a united Indian military
confederacy led by Chief Tecumseh and his brother (C) the forced removal of most of the
southerwestern Indians to Oklahoma (D) the assimilation of most native Americans into
the white population.
172. In the aftermath of the successful Texas Revolution (A) Texas petitioned to join the
United States but was refused admission (B) Texas joined the United States as a slave
state (C) Mexico and the United States agreed to a joint protectorate over Texas (D)
Britain threatened the United States with war over Texas.
173. The first industry to be shaped by the new factory system was (A) textiles (B) the
telegraph (C) agriculture (D) iron-making.
174. In general, the Whig Party tended to favor (A) individual liberty and states’ rights
(B) protection of slavery and southern interests (C) a strong federal role in economic and
moral issues (D) the interests of the working people and the farmers against the upper
classes.
175. Prominent leaders of the Whig Party included (A) Martin Van Buren and John C
Calhoun (B) Henry Clay and Daniel Webster (C) Andrew Jackson and William Henry
Harrison (D) Stephen Austin and Henry Clay.
176. The Panic of 1837 and subsequent depression was caused by (A) the stock market
collapse and sharp decline in grain prices (B) a lack of new investment in industry and
technology (C) the threat of war with Mexico over Texas (D) overspeculation and
Jackson’s financial policies.
177. One consequence of the many new immigrants in the 1840s was (A) a decline in the
birthrate of native born Americans (B) an upsurge of anti-Catholicism (C) a virtual end to
westward migration (D) a national decline in wage rates.
178. The Nullification Crisis (1833) resulted in a clear cut victory for (A) South Carolina
(B) Andrew Jackson and the Union (C) states’ rights (D) neither Jackson or the nullifiers.
179. Industrialization was at first slow to arrive in America because (A) there was a
shortage of labor, capital and consumers (B) low tariff rates invited foreign imports (C)
the country lacked the educational system necessary to develop technology (D) the
country lacked a patent system to guarantee inventors the profits from new machines.
180. Andrew Jackson based his veto of the Bank Recharter Bill on (A) constitutional
grounds exclusively (B) advice from Henry Clay (C) the Supreme Court decision in
McCulloch v Maryland (D) the fact that he personally found it harmful to the nation.
181. Andrew Jackson’s charges against the Bank of the United States included all of the
following except: (A) it was antiwestern (B) it was controlled by an elite moneyed
aristocracy (C) the bank was autocratic and tyrannical (D) it refused to loan money to
politicians.
182. One of the positive functions provided by the Bank of the United States was (A) its
officers awareness of the Bank’s responsibility to society (B) it kept the public trust (C)
its promotion of economic expansion by making credit abundant (D) its issuance of
depreciated paper currency.
183. Novel innovations in the election of 1832 included (A) direct election of the
President (B) adoption of written party platforms (C) election of the president by the
House of Representatives (D) presidential nomination of “favorite sons” by state
legislatures.
184. While in existence, the second Bank of the United States (A) was the depository of
the funds of the national government (B) irresponsibly inflated the national currency by
issuing federal bank notes (C) limited economic growth by extending public credit (D)
forced an ever-increasing number of bank failures.
185. The Anti-Masonic Party of 1832 appealed to (A) the supporters of Andrew
Jackson (B) American suspicions of secret societies (C) those who wished to keep the
government from meddling in social and economic life (D) people opposed to the
growing political power of evangelical Protestants.
186. One of the main reasons Andrew Jackson decided to weaken the Bank of the United
States after the 1832 election was (A) his fear that Nicholas Biddle might try to
manipulate the bank to force its recharter (B) to halt the rising inflation rate the bank had
created before 1832 (C) to fight the Specie Circular, which hurt the West (D) all of the
above.
187. The surplus funds paid into the national treasury in the mid 1830s came principally
from (A) public land sales (B) high tariff duties (C) sales taxes (D) implementation of the
Specie Circular.
188. Andrew Jackson’s administration supported the removal of Indians from the eastern
states because (A) the assimilated too easily into white society (B) of a ruling by the
Supreme Court (C) whites wanted their land (D) Georgia and Florida tried to protect the
Indians and their land.
189. Americans moved into Texas (A) when invited by the Spanish government (B) after
an agreement was concluded between Mexican authorities and Stephen Austin (C) after
Houston’s defeat of Santa Anna (D) to spread Protestantism.
190. Texas gained its independence from Mexico with (A) help from Great Britain (B)
no outside assistance (C) help from Americans (D) the blessing of the Mexican
government.
191. Both the Democratic Party and the Whigs (A) favored a renewed national bank (B)
supported federal restraint in social and economic affairs (C) were mass based political
parties (D) clung to states’ rights policies.
192. Presidents Jackson and Van Buren were hesitant to extend recognition to Texas
because (A) Texas did not want to be annexed by the United States (B) antislavery
groups in the United States opposed annexation (C) they were old political opponents of
Sam Houston (D) public opinion in the United States opposed annexation.
193. Texas won independence as a result of the victory over Mexico at (A) Santa Anna
(B) Goliad (C) the Alamo (D) San Jacinto.
194. The Anti-Masonic Party (A) was strongest in the South and Southwest (B) was an
anti-Jackson party (C) was the nation’s first third party (D) all of these.
195. The Whig Party drew its support from (A) Henry Clay and John C Calhoun (B)
southerners and states’ righters (C) large northern industrialists and merchants (D) all of
these.
196. The “cement” that held the Whig Party together in its formative years was (A)
hatred of Andrew Jackson (B) support of the American System (C) opposition to the
Anti-Masonic Party (D) the desire for a strong President.
197. The Whigs tried to win the Election of 1836 by (A) supporting Henry Clay (B)
using smear tactics (C) forcing the election into the House of Representatives (D)
emphasizing personality over issues.
198. As a cure for the Panic of 1837, the Whigs recommended all of the following
except: (A) expanded bank credit (B) higher tariffs (C) subsidies for internal
improvements (D) the “Divorce Bill”.
199. The “Tippecanoe” in the Whigs campaign slogan was (A) Daniel Webster (B)
Henry Clay (C) John C Calhoun (D) William Henry Harrison.
200. The Election of 1840 represented (A) a protest against hard times (B) a campaign in
which issues became important again (C) a movement away from the two-party system
(D) an end to the nomination of military heroes as presidential candidates.
209. The “cult of domesticity” (A) gave women more opportunity to seek employment
outside the home (B) resulted in more pregnancies for women (C) restricted a woman’s
moral influence on the family (D) glorified the traditional role of women as homemakers.
210. Life on the frontier was (A) fairly comfortable for the women but not for the men
(B) downright grim for most pioneer families (C) free of disease and premature death (D)
rarely portrayed in popular literature.
211. Pioneering Americans marooned by geography (A) remained well informed (B)
grew to depend on other people for most of their clothing (C) abandoned the “rugged
individualism” of colonial Americans (D) became provincial in their attitudes.
212. In early nineteenth-century America, (A) the annual population growth rate was
much higher than in colonial days (B) the urban population was growing at an
unprecedented rate (C) the birth rate was rapidly declining (D) the death rate was
increasing.
214. The rapid growth of American cities between 1800 and 1860 (A) led to a lower
death rate (B) contributed to a decline in the birth rate (C) resulted in unsanitary
conditions in many communities (D) forced the federal government to slow immigration.
215. The influx of immigrants to the United States tripled, then quadrupled in the (A)
1810s and 1820s (B) 1820s and 1830s (C) 1830s and 1840s (D) 1840s and 1850s.
216. Ireland’s great export to the United States in the 1840s was (A) people (B) potatoes
(C) wool (D) whiskey.
217. The Irish immigrants to early nineteenth-century America (A) tended to settle on
western farmlands (B) were mostly Roman Catholics (C) were warmly welcomed by
American workers (D) identified and sympathized with American free Blacks.
218. When the Irish flocked to the United States in the 1840s, they stayed in the larger
seaboard cities because they (A) preferred urban life (B) were offered high-paying jobs
(C) were welcomed by the people living there (D) were too poor to move west and buy
land.
219. German immigrants in the early nineteenth century tended to (A) settle in eastern
industrial cities (B) support public schools (C) become slaveowners (D) join the
temperance movement.
220. German immigrants to the United States (A) quickly became a powerful political
force (B) left their homeland to escape economic hardships and autocratic government
(C) were as poor as the Irish (D) contributed little to American life.
221. Those who were frightened by the rapid influx of Irish immigrants organized (A)
the Order of the Star-Spangled Banner (B) the “Molly Maguires” (C) Tammany Hall (D)
the Ancient Order of Hibernians.
222. The sentiment of fear and opposition to open immigration was called (A) the cult of
domesticity (B) nativism (C) Unitarianism (D) rugged individualism.
223. “Native” Americans feared the wave of Catholic immigrants to the United States
would (A) want to attend school with Protestants (B) overwhelm the “native” Catholics
and control the church (C) “establish” the Catholic church at the expense of Protestantism
(D) assume control of the “Know-Nothing” Party.
226. Immigrants coming to the United States before 1860 (A) depressed the economy
due to their poverty (B) found themselves involved in few cultural conflicts (C) had little
impact on society until after the Civil War (D) helped fuel economic expansion.
227. Eli Whitney was instrumental in the invention of the (A) steamboat (B) cotton gin
(C) railroad locomotive (D) telegraph.
228. The “Father of the Factory System” in the United States was (A) Robert Fulton (B)
Samuel F. B. Morse (C) Eli Whitney (D) Samuel Slater.
229. Most of the cotton produced in the American South in the early 19th Century was
(A) produced by free labor (B) sold to England (C) grown on the tidewater plains (D)
consumed by the southern textile industry.
230. The American phase of the industrial revolution first blossomed (A) on Southern
plantations (B) with textile mills (C) in rapidly growing Chicago (D) with ship building.
231. The development of the cotton gin resulted in (A) the continuation of slavery (B)
American industry buying more Southern cotton than Britain (C) a nationwide depression
(D) the South’s diversifying its economy.
232. The basis for modern mass-production was the (A) cotton gin (B) musket (C) use of
interchangeable parts (D) principle of limited liability.
233. The early factory system distributed its benefits (A) mostly to the owners (B)
evenly to all (C) primarily in the South (D) to workers represented by unions.
234. The American working force in the early nineteenth century was characterized by
(A) substantial employment of women and children in factories (B) strikes by workers
that were few in number but usually effective (C) a general lengthening of the workday
from ten to fourteen hours (D) a high amount of political activity among workers.
235. One reason the lot of adult wage earners improved was (A) support gained from the
United States Supreme Court (B) the laboring man’s acquiring the right to vote (C)
passage of laws restricting the use of strikebreakers (D) the enactment of immigration
restriction.
236. In the case of Commonwealth v. Hunt, (1846) the supreme court of Massachusetts
ruled that (A) corporations were unconstitutional (B) labor unions were legal (C) labor
strikes were illegal (D) the Boston Associates’ employment of young women in their
factories was inhumane.
237. One of the goals of the child-centered family of the 1800s was to (A) raise children
who were obedient to authority (B) allow parents to spoil their children (C) raise
independent individuals (D) increase the number of children.
238. The effect of early 19th Century industrialization on the trans-Allegheny West was
to encourage (A) specialized, cash-crop agriculture (B) slavery (C) self-sufficient farming
(D) heavy industry.
239. With the development of a cash-crop agriculture in the trans-Allegheny West, (A)
subsistence farming became common (B) the farmers began to support the idea of slave
labor (C) mounting indebtedness followed quickly for the farmers (D) the South could
harvest a larger crop.
240. The first major transportation project linking the East to the trans-Allegheny West
was the (A) Baltimore and Ohio railroad (B) National (Cumberland) Road (C) Erie Canal
(D) Lancaster Turnpike.
241. Problems associated with western road building included all of the following
except: the expense (B) states’ rights advocates (C) Eastern states (D) competition from
canals.
242. The major application for steamboats transporting freight and passengers in the
United States was on (A) New England streams (B) western rivers (C) the Great Lakes
(D) the Gulf of Mexico.
243. The “canal era” of American history was initiated by the construction of the (A)
Mainline Canal in Pennsylvania (B) James River and Kanasha Canal from Virginia to
Ohio (C) Wabash Canal in Indiana (D) Erie Canal in New York.
244. Construction of the Erie Canal (A) forced some New England farmers to move or
change occupations (B) showed how long established local markets could survive a
continental economy (C) helped farmers so much that industrialization was slowed
(D)was aided by federal money.
245. Most early railroad construction in the United States was in the (A) North (B) Old
South (C) lower Mississippi Valley (D) Far West.
246. Compared with canals, railroads (A) were more expensive to construct (B)
transported freight more slowly (C) could be built almost anywhere (D) were susceptible
to weather delays.
247. In general, _____ tended to bind the West and South together, while _____ and
_____ connected West to East. (A) steamboats, canals, railroads (B) railroads, canals,
steamboats (C) canals, steamboats, turnpikes (D) turnpikes, steamboats, canals.
248. As a result of the transportation revolution, (A) division of labor became a thing of
the past (B) New Orleans became an even more important port (C) each region in the
nation specialized in a particular type of economic activity (D) self-sufficiency became
easier to achieve for American families.
249. In the new continental economy, each region specialized in a particular economic
activity: the South _____ for export; the West grew grains and livestock to feed
_____and the East _____ for the other two regions. (A) raised grain, southern slaves,
processed meat (B) grew cotton, southern slaves, made machines and textiles (C) grew
cotton, eastern factory workers, made machines and textiles (D) raised corn, eastern
factory workers, made furniture and tools.
250. As the new continental market economy grew, (A) individual households became
increasingly self-sufficient (B) the home came to be viewed as a refuge from the
workaday world (C) traditional women’s work was more highly valued and increasingly
important (D) respect for women as homemakers declined.
251. In foreign trade in the early nineteenth century, Americans _____ agricultural
products and _____ manufactured good and they generally imported _____ than they
exported. (A) imported, exported, less (B) imported, exported, more (C) exported,
imported, less (D) exported, imported, more.
252. In early nineteenth-century American families, (A) family ties were becoming more
loosely knit and less affectionate (B) family size was getting smaller (C) children were
taught to be unquestioningly obedient (D) parental arrangements usually determined
choice of marriage partners.
253. America’s early nineteenth century population was notable for its (A) restlessness
(B) wastefulness (C) youthfulness (D) aggressiveness.
254. Factors encouraging the growth of immigration rates in the first half of the 19th
Century included the (A) rapid growth rate of the European population (B) perception of
America as the land of freedom and opportunity (C) introduction of transoceanic
steamshipping (D) economic and political turmoil in Europe.
255. The growth of industry and the factory system in the United States was slowed by
(A) the high price of land (B) the scarcity of labor (C) limited investment capital (D) a
small domestic market.
256. The Northeast became the center of early nineteenth-century American industry
because it had (A) a relatively large labor supply (B) abundant water power (C)
investment capital available (D) a local supply of raw materials used in manufacturing.
257. The American medical profession by 1860 was noted for (A) its still primitive
standards (B) having abandoned the practice of bleeding (C) its discovery of germs as the
cause of illness (D) pioneer work in dentistry.
258. Unitarians endorsed the concept of (A) the deity of Christ (B) original sin (C)
salvation through good works (D) predestination.
259. An early 19th Century religious rationalist sect that was devoted to the rule of
reason and free will was the (A) Unitarians (B) Adventists (C) Methodists (D) Mormons
260. The greatest of the revival preachers of the Second Great Awakening was (A)
Joseph Smith (B) Horace Greeley (C) Carl Schurz (D) Charles G. Finney.
261. Deists like Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin endorsed the concept of (A)
revelation (B) original sin (C) the deity of Christ (D) a Supreme Being who created the
universe.
262. By 1850, organized religion in America (A) retained the rigor of colonial religion
(B) was ignored by three-fourths of the people (C) had lost some of its austere Calvinist
rigor (D) had grown more conservative.
263. The Second Great Awakening tended to (A) promote religious diversity (B) reduce
social class differences (C)blur regional differences (D) discourage church membership.
264. All the following are true about the Second Great Awakening except it (A) resulted
in the conversion of countless souls (B) encouraged a variety of humanitarian reforms (C)
was not as large as the First Great Awakening (D) was a reaction against the growing
liberalism in religion.
265. The religious sects that gained most from the revivalism of the Second Great
Awakening were the (A) Roman Catholics and Episcopalians (B) Unitarians and
Adventists (C) Methodists and Baptists (D) Congregationalists and Presbyterians.
266. The Second Great Awakening tended to (A) widen the lines between classes and
regions (B) open Episcopal and Presbyterian churches to the poor (C) unite southern
Baptists and southern Methodists against slavery (D) bring the more prosperous and
conservative eastern churches into the revivalist camps.
267. Which of the following is least related to the other three? (A) Brigham Young (B)
William Miller (C) Mormon (D) Salt Lake City
268. The Mormon religion was developed by (A) Europeans (B) Brigham Young (C)
Charles G. Finney (D) Joseph Smith.
269. One characteristic of the Mormons which angered many non-Mormons was their
(A) highly individualistic lifestyles (B)unwillingness to vote (C) refusal to take up arms
and defend themselves (D) emphasis on cooperative or group effort.
270. Tax-supported public education (A) mainly existed for the wealthy (B) was deemed
essential for social stability and democracy (C) began in the South as early as 1800 (D)
provided little opportunity for the poor.
271. In the first half of the nineteenth century, tax-supported schools were (A) chiefly
available to educate the children of the poor (B) most in evidence in the South (C)
continuously opposed by wealthy, conservative whites (D) open only to tuition-paying
children of the well to do.
272. Many of the small denominational colleges founded as a result of the Second Great
Awakening (A) were academically distinguished institutions (B) were educationally
anemic with little intellectual vitality (D) easily gained tax-supported status (D) offered a
new, non-traditional curriculum.
273. One of the most prominent groups participating in the reform movements of pre1860 America was (A) women (B) Blacks (C) Native Americans (D) none of the above.
274. Women became involved in the reform campaigns of the 1800s for all of the
following reasons except: (A) they provided the women with an opportunity to escape
the confines of the home (B) an entrance into the public arena (C) a means of finding a
suitable husband (D) a way to improve the world in which they lived.
275. New England reformer Dorothea Dix is most notable for her efforts on behalf of
(A) prison and asylum reform (B) the peace movement (C) the temperance movement
(D) abolitionism.
276. Neal Dow sponsored the Maine Law of 1851, which called for (A) abolishing of
capital punishment (B) outlawing war (C) prohibiting the manufacture and sale of
intoxicating liquor (D) women’s suffrage.
277. The excessive consumption of alcohol by Americans in the 1800s (A) was due to
the hard and monotonous life of many (B) did not involve women (C) held little threat for
the family since all drank (D) had little impact on the efficiency of labor.
278. Sexual differences were strongly emphasized in nineteenth century America
because (A) of the necessities of the frontier (B) men were regarded as morally superior
beings (C) it was the duty of men to teach the young how to be good, productive citizens
(D) the market economy increasingly separated men and women into distinct economic
roles.
279. Women on the frontier were treated better than European women partly because (A)
they could not vote (B) the law prohibited men from beating them (C) there were so few
women there (D) their ideas of equality were well received by American men.
280. By the 1850s, the crusade for women’s rights was eclipsed by (A) the temperance
movement (B) the “Lucy Stoners” (C) abolitionism (D) prison reform advocates.
281. Most of the utopian communities in pre-1860s America had as one of their
founding ideals (A) rugged individualism (B) cooperative efforts (C) capitalism (D)
opposition to communism.
282. Of the following, the most flourishing of the early nineteenth-century
communitarian experiments was that at (A) Brook Farm, Massachusetts (B) Oneida, New
York (C) New Harmony, Indiana (D) Seneca Falls, New York.
283. America’s artistic achievements in the first half of the nineteenth century (A) were
remarkable in their creativity (B) contributed the least to architecture (C) built on the
achievements of the Puritans (D) took very little from Europe.
284. The Hudson River school excelled in the art of painting (A) portraits (B) landscapes
(C) animal life (D) daguerreotypes.
285. A genuine American literature received a strong boost from the (A) wave of
nationalism that followed the War of 1812 (B) writing of Charles Wilson Peale (C)
religious writings of the Second Great Awakening (D) none of the above.
286. Transcendentalists believed that all knowledge came through (A) the writings of
John Locke (B) the senses (C) observation (D) an inner light.
287. All of the following influenced transcendental thought except: (A) German
philosophers (B) Oriental religions (C) Catholic belief (D) individualism.
288. Civil Disobedience, an essay that later influenced both Mahatma Gandhi and Martin
Luther King, Jr., was written by the transcendentalist (A) William Cullen Bryant (B)
Ralph Waldo Emerson (C) James Fenimore Cooper (D) Henry David Thoreau.
289. The Poet Laureate of Democracy, whose transcendentalist writings exposed his love
of the masses and enthusiasm for an expanding America, was (A) Edgar Allan Poe (B)
Nathaniel Hawthorne (C) Walt Whitman (D) Herman Melville.
290. One American writer who did not believe in human goodness and social progress
was (A) James Russell Lowell (B) Henry David Thoreau (C) Henry Wadsworth
Longfellow (D) Edgar Allan Poe.
291. The most noteworthy southern novelist before the Civil War was (A) William
Gilmore Simms (B) John Greenleaf Whittier (C) James Russell Lowell (D) Oliver
Wendell Holmes.
292. Universal manhood suffrage (A) convinced many Americans of the need for free
public education (B) swelled the ranks of the illiterates (C) actually led to less democracy
(D) all of these.
293. Plantation agriculture (A) led to a slow return on investments (B) remained diverse
until the Civil War (C) was wasteful (D) discouraged immigration to the West.
294. The plantation system of the cotton South was (A) increasingly monopolistic (B)
efficient at utilizing natural resources (C) financially stable (D) attractive to European
immigrants.
295. All of the following were weaknesses of the slave plantation system except: (A) it
relied on a one-crop economy (B) it repelled a large-scale European immigration (C) it
lost significant numbers of people to the West (D) its land continued to remain in the
hands of the small farmers.
296. The mistress of the plantation (A) had little contact with slaves (B) primarily
controlled male slaves (C) frequently supported abolitionism (D) commanded a sizable
household staff of mostly female slaves.
297. Most white southerners were (A) planter aristocrats (B) small slaveowners (C) nonslaveowning subsistence farmers (D) “poor white trash.”
298. By the mid 1800s, (A) most southerners owned slaves (B) the smaller slaveholders
owned a majority of the slaves (C) most slaves lived on large plantations (D) slavery was
a dying institution.
299. The group in the South owning the most slaves was (A) subsistence farmers (B)
mountain whites (C) plantation owners (D) small farmers.
300. The majority of southern whites owned no slaves because (A) they opposed slavery
(B) they could not afford the purchase price (C) their urban location did not require them
(D) their racism would not allow them to work alongside the African-Americans.
301. The most pro-Union of the white southerners were (A) “poor white trash” (B)
mountain whites (C) small slaveowners (D) nonslaveowning subsistence farmers.
302. Some Southern slaves gained their freedom as a result of all of the following
except: (A) the wave of emancipation after the War of 1812 (B) an idealism inspired by
the Revolution (C) being the children of white masters (D) purchasing their freedom.
303. The great increase of the slave population in the first half of the nineteenth century
was largely due to (A) the reopening of the African slave trade in 1808 (B) larger imports
of slaves from the West Indies (C) natural reproduction (D) reenslavement of free Blacks.
304. Northern attitudes towards free Blacks can be best described as (A) supporting their
right to full citizenship (B) disliking the race but liking individual Blacks (C) advocating
black movement into the new territories (D) very racist.
305. For free Blacks living in the North, (A) living conditions were nearly equal to those
for whites (B) voting rights were widespread (C) good jobs were plentiful (D)
discrimination was common.
306. The profitable Southern slave system (A) hobbled the economic development of the
region as a whole (B) saw many slaves moving to the upper South (C) led to the textile
industry first developing in the South (D) relied almost totally on importing slaves to
meet the unquenchable demand for labor.
307. When it came to work assignments, slaves were (A) given some of the most
dangerous jobs (B) generally spared dangerous work (C) given the same jobs as Irish
laborers (D) usually given skilled rather than menial jobs.
308. Perhaps the slave’s greatest horror, and the theme of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle
Tom’s Cabin, was (A) the separation of slave families (B) the frequent use of the whip by
slaveowners (C) the breeding of slaves (D) slaves always having to do the most
dangerous work on the plantation.
309. By 1860, slaves were concentrated in the “black belt” located in the (A) upper
South states of Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee (B) deep South states of South
Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana (C) old South states of
Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina (D) new Southwest states of Texas,
Arkansas, and Indian Territory.
310. Forced separation of spouses, parents, and children was most common (A) in the
deep South (B) on the large plantations (C) on small plantations and in the upper South
(D) in the decade prior to the Civil War.
311. Most slaves were raised (A) without the benefit of a stable home life (B) never
knowing anything about their relatives (C) without religion (D) in stable two-person
households.
312. Slaves fought the system of slavery in all of the following ways except: (A)
slowing down the work pace (B) refusing to get an education (C) sabotaging expensive
equipment (D) pilfering goods their labor had produced.
313. One result of white Southerners’ brutal treatment of their slaves and their fear of
potential slave rebellions was the (A) development of a theory of biological racial
superiority (B) adoption of British attitudes towards the “peculiar institution” (C)
emancipation of many slaves (D) South’s shedding its image as a reactionary backwater.
314. In the pre-Civil War South, the most uncommon and least successful form of slave
resistance was (A) feigned laziness (B) sabotage of plantation equipment (C) running
away (D) armed insurrection.
315. Which one of the following has the least in common with the other three? (A) Nat
Turner (B) Gabriel (C) Wendell Phillips (D) Denmark Vesey.
316. The idea of transporting Blacks back to Africa was (A) proposed by William Lloyd
Garrison (B) never carried out (C) the result of the widespread loathing of Blacks in
America (D) suggested by the African nation of Liberia.
317. William Lloyd Garrison pledged his dedication to (A) shipping freed Blacks back to
Africa (B) outlawing the slave trade (C) preventing the expansion of slavery beyond the
South (D) the immediate abolition of slavery in the South.
318. Many abolitionists turned to political action in 1840 when they backed the
presidential candidate of the (A) Free Soil party (B) Republican party (C) Know-Nothing
party (D) Liberty party.
319. The voice of white southern abolitionism fell silent at the beginning of the (A)
1820s (B) 1830s (C) 1840s (D) 1850s.
320. In arguing for the continuation of slavery after 1830, Southerners (A) placed
themselves in opposition to much of the rest of the Western world (B) were in opposition
to the North but on the side of the Western world (C) failed to contrast slaves to the
northern factory worker (D) allowed considerable dissent in the South.
321. Those in the North who opposed the abolitionists, believed these opponents of
slavery (A) were creating disorder in America (B) were defending the American way of
life (C) deserved the right to speak freely (D) had turned their backs on religion.
322. As a result of President John Tyler’s veto of a bill to establish a new Bank of the
United States, (A) he was expelled from the Whig Party (B) all but one member of his
cabinet resigned (C) an attempt was made in the House of Representatives to impeach
him (D) all of the above.
323. To bring more money to the federal treasury, John Tyler (A) raised the price of
western land (B) passed an income tax (C) supported legislation to establish a Fiscal
Bank (D) signed into law a moderately protective tariff.
324. During an 1837 Canadian insurrection against Britain, (A) the United States stayed
neutral in word and action (B) the United States imprisoned several American violators
of neutrality (C) America was invaded by the British (D) Canada warned the United
States to stay out of the conflict.
327. Which of the following canals did not connect to the Erie Canal system? (A)
Genesee Valley Canal (B) Oswego Canal (C) Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (D) Champlain
Canal.
328. The United States’ claim to the Oregon Country rested on all of the following
except: (A) the presence there of missionaries and other settlers (B) Lewis and Clark
expedition (C) naming of the Columbia River by Captain Robert Gray (D) Hudson’s Bay
trading company.
329. Most Americans who migrated to the Oregon Country were attracted by the (A)
rich soil of the Willamette River Valley (B) expectation of getting to fight British troops
(C) potential profits in the fur trade (D) discovery of gold and silver in the Cascade
Mountains.
330. As a result of the Panic of 1837, (A) several states defaulted on their debts to
Britain (B) Britain loaned money to America, its close ally (C) anti-British passions
cooled in America (D) the Democrats led America into war for more territory.
331. The British-American dispute over the border of Maine was solved (A) by war (B)
by a compromise which gave each side some territory (C) when America was given all of
the territory in question (D) with the Caroline incident.
332. The Aroostook War resulted from (A) a short-lived insurrection in British Canada
(B) the Caroline incident (C) asylum offered to the crew of the Creole (D) a dispute over
the northern boundary of Maine.
334. Which of the following was the first steamboat to go from Pittsburgh down the
Mississippi to New Orleans? (A) the Caroline (B) the New Orleans (C) the Gaspee (D)
the Reuben James.
335. Which of the following was a primary goal of labor in the 1830s? (A) fringe benefit
packages (B) recognition of the 10 hour day (C) recognition of the AFL as a craft union
(D) immigration restriction.
336. Which of the following represents the probable view of Southerners toward the
factory labor system in New England? (A) wage slavery (B) communist agitation (C)
source of support for the Mexican War (D) source of abolitionist agitation.
337. Which of the following was the site of a factory disaster that cost the lives of over
200 workers? (A) Lowell, Massachusetts (B) New York, New York (C) Boston,
Massachusetts (D) Lawrence, Massachusetts.
338. Which of the following ultimately proved to be the best transportation method for
most Americans? (A) railroad (B) canal (C) steamboat (D) clipper ship.
339. Which of the following opponents are correctly matched? (A) turnpike investors
against canals (B) canal investors against steamboats (C) railroads against the motor truck
(D) all of these.
340. The 1830s saw riots directed against which of the following groups? (A) Irish (B)
English (C) Polish (D) Iranian.
341. What was the main reason that many Americans tolerated the Irish? (A) they were
Catholics (B) they did the work that without them could hardly be done (C) they had
money to spend (D) Americans knew of the awful conditions in Ireland from which many
had fled.
342. Many of the Irish (A) worsened the conditions of the already stinking slums (B)
became willing tools of corrupt political machines (C) led to the “Know Nothing” Party
(D) all of these.
343. The Know Nothing Party was in favor of (A) immigration restriction (B) exclusion
of Catholics from holding political office (C) raising the residence requirements for
citizenship (D) all of these.
344. Which statesman argued for the theory that the Constitution was formed by the
people of the United States, not by the States? (A) John C. Calhoun (B) Thomas Jefferson
(C) Daniel Webster (D) Robert Hayne.
345. A major factor leading to the Panic of 1837 was the (A) end of canal construction
(B) crop failures in the Ohio Valley (C) failure of the Bank of the Unites States (D)
speculation in public lands.
346. Which of the following helped spur the westward migration of settlers? (A) the
removal of the Indians (B) the new tariff laws (C) the establishment of "pet banks" (D)
the growth of the shipping industry.
347. Which United States Senator became known as the "Great Compromiser"? (A)
Daniel Webster (B) Stephen Douglas (C) Henry Clay (D) John C. Calhoun.
348. The "Trail of Tears" refers to the (A) perils of wilderness travel (B) relocation of
the Southern Indians (C) dangerous routes to California (D) hardships aboard the slave
ships.
364. Which of the following land acquisitions occurred first? (A) Louisiana Purchase (B)
Gadsden Purchase (C) Florida Purchase (D) Annexation of Texas.
365. Sectional differences existed in all of the following areas except (A) foreign affairs
(B) National Bank (C) tariff, (D) internal improvements.
366. Westward expansion of the United States produced conflict with all of the
following countries except (A) Russia (B) Spain (C) Mexico (D) Great Britain.
367. Which of the following did not aid Westward expansion? (A) Specie Circular (B)
Northwest Ordinance (C) Preemption Act (D) the removal of the Indians.
368. "Old Hickory" and was a champion of the common man? (A) Andrew Jackson,
(B) Benjamin Harrison (C) James K. Polk (D) Zachary Taylor (E) William Henry
Harrison.
369. "Manifest destiny" was a term applied to a policy of (A) high tariffs, (B) internal
improvements (C) territorial expansion (D) abolition of slavery, (E) sectionalism.
370. With the election of (A) George Washington (B) John Quincy Adams (C) Andrew
Jackson (D) Abraham Lincoln (E) James K. Polk the present day Democratic party
elected its first president.
371. Which of the following men would not be a strong advocate of states' rights? (A)
John C. Calhoun (B) Abraham Lincoln (C) Jefferson Davis (D) John C. Breckinridge (E)
Roger B. Taney.
372. In the emergence of two distinctive sections in the trans-Appalachian West, the
Northwest (A) failed to attract slavery chiefly because soil and climate conditions were
hostile to cotton growing (B) tended increasingly to emphasize commercial farming
rather than subsistence farming (C) although handicapped by poor soil, concentrated on
the production of perishable and bulk items (D) came to be settled mainly by New
Englanders and New Yorkers, since Southerners were barred by the Northwest
Ordinance.
373. All of the following are correct statements concerning the steamboat era, except (A)
Western steamboats combined huge cargo capacities with shallow-draft construction (B)
Steamboats were impractical for canal use (C) The first steamboat appeared in the
Northeast (D) The Northeast and the Northwest were benefited at the expense of the
South.
374. As one of the so-called internal improvements, turnpikes (A) increased trade
between the Northeast and the South (B) proved to be too expensive and impractical west
of the Appalachians (C) charged the cheapest rates for freight haulage (D) frequently
were federally financed.
375. The significance of the Erie Canal lay in the fact that it (A) was constructed without
the use of locks (B) linked the Great Lakes trading area with New York City (C) was
used by steamboats regularly (D) postponed the arrival of the railroad.
376. The growth of manufacturing in the Northeast (A) was due largely to a process
developed by Eli Whitney (B) eliminated farming as an occupation in that section (C)
was retarded by a lack of capital and power supply (D) was retarded by labor shortages
caused by the desire of Northeasterners to move west.
377. As factory working conditions became more deplorable in the Northeast, (A)
construction workers formed the first collective-bargaining group (B) guilds became the
chief agency through which the worker sought to bargain collectively (C) the courts
refused to recognize unions as legal organizations (D) the master craftsman played an
increasingly important part in workingmen's bargaining groups.
378. One of the shortcomings of the government's public land policy, 1785-1841, was
the fact that (A) it failed to encourage western settlement (B) the minimum purchase area
was so large that only speculators could afford to buy (C) there was no provision for
settlers to buy land which they had occupied before official survey and sale (D)
installment purchases frequently resulted in obtaining more land than could be paid for.
379. Which one of the following is a correct statement concerning Southern agricultural
development, 1815-1850? (A) Tobacco and cotton were the only two Southern staple
crops that proved to be profitable (B) "Upland" (green seed) cotton was unprofitable to
gin and gave way to long-fiber cotton cultivation (C) The states in the deep South
received the greatest benefits from the cotton gin (D) A majority of Southern farmers
owned slaves.
380. By 1850, the pattern of United States foreign trade indicated that (A) the South
contributed the bulk of United States exports (B) New York City had no close rival as an
export center (C) manufactured items made up the biggest portion of United States
exports (D) Britain was no longer the chief supplier of imports to the United States.
381. Tariff policy was the key issue which produced the nullification controversy. Which
of the following is a correct statement concerning attitudes toward the tariff question? (A)
A low tariff to encourage commerce was regarded as essential to the functioning of the
"American System" (B) Southerners opposed both the tariff of 1816 and that of 1828 (C)
The growth of the textile industry in the North led to a reversal of opinion in the sections
with regard to tariffs (D) Southerners consistently opposed a protective tariff because it
would increase prices on imported goods.
382. America's lag in developing a literary independence to match her political
independence (A) was due, according to Alexis de Tocqueville, to an excess of
democracy (B) continued into the 1830's in spite of the efforts of British visitors to
encourage their countrymen to buy American works (C) was being overcome within a
decade of the War of 1812 (D) began to disappear with the appearance of American
themes and settings.
383. The settlement of the South Carolina nullification controversy seemed to indicate
that (A) Jackson won a complete victory for his nationalistic approach (B) both Jackson
and South Carolina could claim victories (C) not even the threat of nullification could
produce a modified tariff, (D) given leadership by one state, other Southern states would
support the threat of secession.
384. The national nominating convention (A) grew out of a provision in the Constitution
for nominating candidates for President (B) failed to reduce the power of the professional
politician (C) was first used by the National Republicans (D) increased the importance of
congressional party meetings.
385. All of the following were features of the spoils system except one. Which is the
exception? (A) Civil service (B) Rotation in office (C) Party loyalty (D) Support of party
workers.
386. Which of the following was not true of party battles and elections in the period
1828-1840? (A) The Whigs succeeded in changing the image of their party (B) The size
of the electorate increased nearly every election year (C) Political issues became less
important than personalities (D) The Jacksonian party was unable to win the electoral
votes of any Northeastern state.
387. By 1830, the trend toward political democracy at the national level was evident in
that (A) all states permitted all adult, white males to vote in presidential elections (B)
voting restrictions on Negroes had been removed throughout the North (C) all but one of
the states permitted the people to vote for the President (D) the presidential nominating
convention was an established practice.
388. The rise of the political "machine" in party politics during this period (A) occurred
in the least populous states (B) tended to cause divisions within the political parties (C)
discouraged the individual from participation in party activities (D) was dependent upon
the use of patronage.
389. The long-range results of the "bank war" indicated that (A) "pet banks" were fully
capable of taking over the second Bank's responsibilities (B) Jackson had underestimated
the Bank's contribution and function (C) the Bank of the United States had little financial
power (D) the Independent Treasury provided a more flexible currency system than that
of the Bank of the United States.
390. In its decision in the Charles River Bridge case, the Taney court appeared to be (A)
reversing Marshall's position by supporting a state-granted charter (B) duplicating
Marshall's decision in the Dartmouth College case (C) abandoning the Marshall reliance
upon "broad construction (D) de-emphasizing property rights.
391. Which of the following does not belong in a description of the Whig party by 1832?
(A) Supported a protective tariff-, (B) Was composed of former National Republicans (C)
Supported the second Bank of the United States (D) Opposed government interference
with the economy.
392. Fourier and Owen are names associated with what kind of reform during this
period? (A) Women's rights (B) Temperance (C) Idealistic communities (D) Elimination
of war.
393. As one of the most famous pre-Civil War antislavery reformers, William Lloyd
Garrison (A) supported colonization of free Negroes to Africa (B) violently denounced
the United States Constitution (C) was effective in his use of Western religious revival
methods (D) took the lead in coordinating and centralizing the work of the many
antislavery societies.
394. Jackson's veto of the Bank's request for recharter (A) left Biddle powerless to take
any countermeasures (B) had no effect on the practices of the various state banks (C)
nearly cost him the election of 1832 (D) became a campaign issue in the election of 1832.
395. As a general rule, the various reform movements of this era (A) had the support of
the majority of the established churches (B) believed in the perfectability of man (C)
were in conflict with the principles of transcendentalism (D) were composed of upper
class, aristocratic reformers who saw the necessity of change.
396. Antislavery societies believed all of the following to be constitutional except: (A)
the federal government should abolish slavery in the states (B) the federal government
should prohibit slavery in the territories (C) the federal government should abolish
slavery in the District of Colombia (D) the federal government should bring an end to the
interstate slave trade.
Manifest Destiny and the Mexican War
107. Texas revolted against Mexico because (A) Mexico closed its doors to further
settlement (B) Mexico prohibited slavery (C) Mexico canceled land grants (D) all of
these.
108. As a result of the Mexican War, the United States (A) took over 40% of Mexico (B)
purchased land for the transcontinental railroad (C) was paid $15 Million in damages (D)
all of these.
109. In view of the nature of the territory acquired, what motive best accounts for
American expansion 1840-1850? (A) slaveowners desire for more cotton land (B) both
parties wanted a good political issue (C) popular belief that the nation should expand to
its “natural” borders (D) a desire to exploit the resources of new regions.
113. In 1849, all of the following issues threatened to break up the Union except: (A) the
“Underground Railroad” (B) admission of California (C) abolition of slavery in the
District of Colombia (D) passage of a new fugitive slave law.
114. Henry Clay was responsible for (A) Compromise of 1850 (B) Missouri
Compromise (C) Tariff of 1833 (D) all of these.
116. The slogan “54’ 40” or Fight” was concerned with the controversy with Great
Britain over (A) Texas (B) Oregon (C) California (D) Florida.
117. Why did Texas have to wait 9 years before becoming a state? (A) the North
opposed the admission of Texas (B) the South opposed the admission of Texas (C) the
people of Texas opposed statehood (D) President Polk opposed the admission of Texas.
118. The principal cause of the Mexican War was (A) attack upon Texas by Mexico (B)
Mexican attack on the Alamo (C) fur trading rights in Alaska (D) dispute over the United
States- Mexican border.
119. Manifest Destiny was the belief that (A) God would prevent the United States from
losing a war (B) belief that the Southern states were destined for independence (C) belief
that the United States Flag was destined by God to fly from the Atlantic to the Pacific (D)
the belief that God had destined the United States the greatest and most powerful nation
on earth.
126. What part of the Compromise of 1850 created the most opposition in the North?
(A) admission of California (B) popular sovereignty in the territories (C) slavery in Texas
(D) the Fugitive Slave Act.
127. By 1850, the South increasingly felt that the admission of free states would destroy
the balance of slave and free states in the (A) House (B) Senate (C) Supreme Court (D)
selection of Presidential candidates.
131. Why did many Southerners support the Compromise of 1850? (A) it equalized
Northern and Southern representation in the Senate (B) it provided for the creation of five
slave states out of Texas territory (C) it contained a law for the return of fugitive slaves
(D) it legalized slavery in the remaining United States territories.
136. The treaty of 1846 between the United States and Great Britain established the (A)
49th parallel as the boundary between the joint claims in Oregon (B) 54 40 as the
northern boundary of American claims in Oregon (C) right of Americans to purchase
land in Oregon (D) joint occupation of the Oregon country.
148. California entered the Union as a free state as a result of the (A) Missouri
Compromise (B) Compromise of 1833 (C) Compromise of 1850 (D) Dred Scott decision.
149. Which of the following was not used as an Anti-Slavery argument by 1850? (A)
slavery handicapped the industrial development of the South (B) almost all nations had
already abolished slavery (C) free workers had greater economic security than slaves (D)
abolition would effect the property rights of only a small minority of Southern people.
170. A source of friction between the Mexican government and immigrant settlers was
(A) the price of land (B) the importation of slaves (C) the treatment of women (D) the
issue of settlers voting rights.
189. Americans moved into Texas (A) when invited by the Spanish government (B) after
an agreement was concluded between Mexican authorities and Stephen Austin (C) after
Houston’s defeat of Santa Anna (D) to spread Protestantism.
190. Texas gained its independence from Mexico with (A) help from Great Britain (B)
no outside assistance (C) help from Americans (D) the blessing of the Mexican
government.
192. Presidents Jackson and Van Buren were hesitant to extend recognition to Texas
because (A) Texas did not want to be annexed by the United States (B) antislavery
groups in the United States opposed annexation (C) they were old political opponents of
Sam Houston (D) public opinion in the United States opposed annexation.
193. Texas won independence as a result of the victory over Mexico at (A) Santa Anna
(B) Goliad (C) the Alamo (D) San Jacinto.
194. The Anti-Masonic Party (A) was strongest in the South and Southwest (B) was an
anti-Jackson party (C) was the nation’s first third party (D) all of these.
201. In the Presidential Election (1844), the Whig candidate, Henry Clay (A) opposed
the annexation of Texas (B) wanted immediate annexation of Texas (C) favored
postponing the annexation of Texas (D) ignored the annexation issue entirely.
202. The area in dispute in Oregon between the United States and Great Britain (1845)
lay between (A) the 42nd parallel and the Colombia River (B) the Colombia River and
the 49th parallel (C) the 36 30 line and the Colombia River (D) the 49th parallel and 54
40.
203. In the 1840s, the view that God had ordained the growth of an American nation
stretching across North America was called (A) continentalism (B) isolationism (C)
anglophobia (D) Manifest Destiny.
204. President Polk’s claim that “American blood has been shed on American soil”
referred to news of an armed clash between Mexican and American forces near (A) San
Francisco (B) the Nueces River (C) Santa Fe (D) the Rio Grande.
205. During the Mexican War, the Polk Administration was frequently called upon to
respond to the “Spot Resolution” indicating where American blood had been shed to
provoke the war. The resolution was frequently introduced by (A) Abraham Lincoln (B)
Henry Clay (C) Robert Gray (D) David Wilmot.
206. The major application for steamboat transportation was (A) New England streams
(B) Western Rivers (C) the Great Lakes (D) the Gulf of Mexico.
207. The Wilmot Proviso introduced into Congress during the Mexican War declared
that (A) Mexican territory would not be annexed to the United States (B) slavery would
be banned from all territories Mexico ceded to the United States (C) the United States
should annex all of Mexico (D) the United States should have to pay an financial
indemnity for having provoked the war.
208. The Mexican War resulted in (A) a 1/3 increase in the size of the United States (B)
combat experience for those who would the nation in the Civil War (C) increased respect
for American military and naval capabilities (D) all of these.
349. Manifest Destiny was the 19th century American policy directed at (A) expanding
the United States (B) controlling the Western Hemisphere (C) spreading democratic
principles to underdeveloped countries (D) preventing further European colonization.
350. The Bear Flag Revolt refers to the (A) Texas war of Independence (B) annexation
of the Oregon Territory (C) revolt of California from Mexico (D) annexation of Florida.
351. After which of these events was Texas admitted as a state? The (A) Missouri
Compromise (B) War with Mexico (C) Compromise of 1850 (D) first transcontinental
railroad.
352. Which best describes the phrase "manifest destiny"? The (A) rapid settling of the
frontier (B) right to acquire all territory to the Pacific Ocean (C) obligation to spread
democratic principles of government (D) duty to subjugate the Indian tribes.
353. Which was the next territory to be acquired by the United States after the Louisiana
Purchase? (A) Texas (B) California (C) Florida (D) Oregon.
354. The first settlements in the Salt Lake Valley were founded by (A) farmers seeking
fertile land (B) traders with the Indians (C) army posts to protect the wagon trains (D)
people seeking religious freedom.
355. In the early 19th century the most economical means of transporting goods into the
Ohio and Mississippi valleys was by (A) flatboat (B) railroad (C) stagecoach (D)
conestoga wagon.
356. Which of the following trails to the West followed the course of the Columbia
River? (A) Gila Trail (B) Oregon Trail (C) California Trail (D) Santa Fe Trail.
357. Today, President Polk would be called a (A) isolationist (B) internationalist (C)
protectionist (D) expansionist.
358. Which one of the following was the result of the other three? (A) election of James
Polk (B) annexation of Texas (C) the Mexican War (D) independence of Texas.
359. The admission of Texas into the Union was delayed over the issue of the (A)
extension of slavery (B) questionable boundary claims (C) rights of the Mexican
residents (D) treaties with the Indians.
360. In general, the Oregon Territory attracted settlers by prospects of (A) gold and
silver discoveries (B) good farm land (C) trade with the Far East (D) trade with British
Canada.
361. In 1850, the quickest way to send a message from the California Territory to
Missouri was by (A) stagecoach (B) Butterfield-Overland mail route (C) wireless
telegraph (D) pony express.
363. All of the following are true about Jackson except he (A) had faith in the common
man (B) supported the National Bank (C) opposed nullification (D) practiced the Spoils
System.
325. One argument given against the annexation of Texas to the United States was that it
(A) could involve the country in a series of ruinous wars in America and Europe (B)
might give more power to the supporters of slavery (C) was not supported by the people
of Texas (D) offered little of value to America.
326. Texas was annexed to the United States as a result of (A) Senate approval of the
Treaty of Annexation (B) President Tyler’s desire to help his troubled administration (C)
a Presidential order of Andrew Jackson (D) the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo.
333. Some people in Britain hoped for a British alliance with Texas because (A) it would
help support the Monroe Doctrine (B) this area would provide an excellent base from
which to attack the United States (C) Mexican efforts.
334. In developing his elaborate Exposition and Protest, Calhoun (A) maintained that the
individual states could reclaim the sovereignty they had delegated to the central
government (B) argued that if a nullifying state were overruled by three fourths of the
states, it would have no choice but to yield (C) recognized that he would antagonize the
newly elected Jackson, a strong nationalist (D) made the formulation of "nullification
ordinances" the responsibility of various state legislatures.
335. Undoubtedly the chief reason for American migration to the Oregon country after
1840 was the (A) growing profits of the fur trade (B) commercial advantage of excellent
Pacific ports (C) lure of good land for farming (D) strong missionary urge in behalf of
the Indians.
336. Prior to the Mexican War, the Santa Fe trade (A) accelerated American settlement
of the province of New Mexico (B) tapped a Mexican market for manufactured goods (C)
was established to open the West to settlement (D) was opened too late to make a
significant impact on expansionism.
337. The final blow in the Mexican War was (A) Scott's capture of Chapultepec (B)
Taylor's occupation of Monterey (C) Stockton's seizure of San Francisco (D) Fremont's
conquest of California.
338. Which is the correct chronological order for the following: (1) acquisition of Texas
(2) acquisition of California (3) acquisition of Florida (4) Webster-Ashburton Treaty? (A)
4, 3, 1, 2 (B) 4, 1, 2, 3 (C) 3, 4, 1, 2 (D) 1, 2, 3, 4.
339. Which of the following, as President, was opposed to the annexation of Texas? (A)
Van Buren (B) Jackson (C) Adams (D) Tyler.
340. In the election of 1844 (A) the Whig candidate was President Tyler (B) Clay
defeated Polk (C) the Democrats nominated Van Buren (D) the winner was a "dark
horse" and former speaker of the House.
341. The Gadsden Purchase included parts of (A) New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas (B)
Southern New Mexico and Arizona (C) Southern California and Arizona (D) Nevada and
Wyoming.
342. The Donner party (A) was a group of Americans who were among the first to settle
in New Mexico (B) was a group of would-be California settlers, trapped in the snowcovered mountains on their way west (C) was the first group of Americans to arrive in
California by sea (D) was the first group of Americans to go to California by land.
343. Brigham Young (A) was the leader of a "gentile" mob who assassinated Joseph
Smith in Nauvoo, Illinois (B) founded the Mormon church (C) founded a Mormon
settlement in the Mexican territory near the Great Salt Lake (D) was a trapper and fur
trader.
344. The first Americans to reach California (A) arrived by sea (B) were trappers and
traders (C) were led by Jedediah Smith (D) were the Mormons.
345. A major reason for the growth of sectionalism during the 1820's was the (A)
treatment of the Indians by the Federal government. (B) differing economic activities of
each section. (C) inequality created by the electoral college system. (D) dispute over the
active role of the U.S. in world affairs.
346. The supremacy clause of Article VI of the Constitution states that, (A) individual
states will be permitted to declare Federal laws unconstitutional (B) the governor of each
state has the ultimate decision on enforcing Federal laws (C) the Supreme Court can
override Presidential vetoes (D) states are bound to obey all laws made by the Federal
government.
347. The South objected to the 1828 Tariff of Abominations because the tariff (A)
encouraged increased trade with nations that had outlawed slavery (B) placed taxes on
agricultural exports grown in the South (C) increased the cost of imported manufactured
goods and could cause economic ruin of Southern plantation agriculture (D) increased the
power of the Bank of the United States by giving it more funds.
348. Armed confrontation in the Constitutional crisis over the Tariff of 1828 was
avoided when Henry Clay (A) proposed a gradual reduction in the tariff rates (B)
proposed the Missouri Compromise (C) agreed to change the "Supremacy Clause' of the
Constitution (D) traded lower tariff rates for rechartering the Bank of the United States.
349. During the 19th century, the expansion of the population affected the lives of
American Indians in that most of them (A) moved to urban areas in large numbers (B)
sought to form alliances with other groups working for civil rights (C) were forced to
leave their ancestral lands by the government (D) chose to adopt the culture of the white
settlers.
350. Slavery did not become a lasting institution in the Northern states primarily because
(A) it was always considered morally wrong by the people there (B) anti-slavery societies
were formed in the North (C) traders never brought any slaves to the North (D) it was
unprofitable on small farms of the North.
351. One result of the new two-party system that emerged between 1824 and 1840 was
(A) a new era of good feeling (B) popular acceptance of the normality of political conflict
(C) widespread public withdrawal from political participation (D) heightened antipathy
between the rich and the poor.
352. Which statement best summarizes the meaning of the phrase, "the rise of the
common man"? (A) Average Americans greatly increased their social mobility during
this period (B) Almost all social distinctions were erased when Jackson came to power.
(C) The number of middle-class landowners dramatically increased, shifting political
power. (D) Politicians had to pay more attention, at least in their rhetoric, to the ordinary
voter.
353. During the Jacksonian era, provision for universal white manhood suffrage (A) was
passed by almost all the states with relatively little resistance (B) was legislated by the
Democratic-controlled Congress (C) encountered considerable opposition and organized
rebellion (D) was mandated by President Jackson's Executive Order.
354. Increasing democracy in politics during the Jacksonian era included all except (A)
establishment of national presidential nominating conventions (B) abolition of property
requirements for voting (C) direct election of presidential electors (D) establishment of a
civil service based on merit.
355. Party leaders of the Jacksonian era were most likely to be (A) ideological amateurs
(B) loyal party professionals (C) old-line aristocrats (D) long-time bureaucrats.
356. Henry Clay used his influence to elect John Quincy Adams as President because
(A) he had been promised the Vice Presidency (B) Clay saw Crawford as a potential
political rival in the West (C) like Clay, Adams supported the American system (D)
Jackson refused to consider Clay for his cabinet.
357. The emphasis of John Quincy Adams' Administration was largely on (A) protecting
Southern and Western interests (B) encouraging (A) national commercial and
manufacturing growth (C) laying the foundation for Jacksonian democracy (D) upholding
the principle of state rights.
358. The tariff enacted in 1828 was called the "tariff of abominations" because it (A)
established extreme protectionism to the detriment of Southern cotton interests (B) was
insufficient to protect infant industries (C) made concessions to Southern and Western
farmers at the expense of Northern manufacturers (D) was too low to finance the internal
improvements Adams wanted.
359. Andrew Jackson believed that the final word on constitutional interpretation
belonged to (A) Congress (B) the Supreme Court (C) the states (D) the President.
360. Jackson's belief in the spoils system resulted in (A) dismissal of over 80 percent of
all federal officeholders (B) very little change in the personnel holding government
offices (C) appointments of Supreme Court justices instead of their selection by Congress
(D) a doubling of the size of the national bureaucracy.
361. The "kitchen cabinet" is a reference to (A) Jackson's official cabinet (B) the leaders
of the Whig party (C) the leadership of the Democratic party (D) an informal group of
men who advised Jackson.
362. In his views on the role of the federal government, the Presidency, and the basic
goals of this country, Andrew Jackson most closely resembled (A) Henry Clay (B) John
Adams (C) Thomas Jefferson (D) Alexander Hamilton.
363. The Maysville veto was significant because it (A) marked the end of a national
banking system (B) split the Democratic party and prepared for its defeat in 1840 (C)
greatly increased the power of the President over Congress (D) diminished the role of the
federal government in internal improvements.
364. Jackson favored a Western land policy emphasizing (A) the sale of public lands to
raise revenues for the federal government (B) support for maintaining the factory labor
supply in the East (C) distribution of revenues from Western public lands among all the
states in the Union (D) sale of public lands to settlers at minimum prices coupled with
public land grants to each new state.
365. Jackson's policy toward Indians emphasized (A) methods strongly opposed by
Congress (B) purchase of the Indians lands (C) reversal of a plan developed by Monroe
(D) removal of them to lands west of the Mississippi
366. Unlike other Southern Indian tribes during the Jacksonian era, the Cherokee of
Georgia (A) successfully fought off whites who were encroaching on their territory (B)
won legal battles and were allowed to retain their lands (C) left their land without
offering any resistance (D) sought legal redress of their grievances, though favorable
court decisions were ignored by whites
367. All of the following factors contributed to the tariff crisis of 1832 except (A)
Northern attempts to finance Western settlers opposed to slavery with tariff revenues (B)
Southern fears that federal power would soon extend to abolishing slavery (C) economic
troubles in South Carolina (D) the cotton growers' belief that protective tariffs were
discriminatory
368. John C. Calhoun forwarded the argument for state "interposition," which meant that
(A) states had a right to dissolve the union (B) any state could block enforcement of
federal laws it considered unconstitutional (C) only by constitutional amendment could
the federal government nullify a state law (D) state conventions could nullify
constitutional amendments.
369. In the Webster-Hayne debate in the Senate over the doctrine of nullification, Daniel
Webster held that (A) the Constitution could be abolished only by a majority of the states
(B) both the federal government and the states were fully sovereign (C) the people had
created the Union, not the states (D) compromise on the issue was the only way to avert
civil war.
370. Jackson responded to Calhoun's doctrine with (A) sympathy (B) neutrality (C) open
opposition (D) selective application of the doctrine.
371. The nullification crisis of 1832 resulted in (A) South Carolina's secession from the
Union (B) eventual acceptance by all Southern states of the original 1832 tariff bill (C)
President Jackson's use of the "force bill" to send troops into South Carolina (D) a
compromise tariff and withdrawal of nullification by South Carolina.
372. The National Bank performed all the following functions except (A) collecting
federal taxes (B) providing credit for businesses (C) marketing government bonds (D)
supplying a sound paper currency.
373. Jackson vetoed the rechartering of the National Bank because (A) he believed it
represented a dangerous concentration of wealth (B) Nicholas Biddle had supported
Adams in the election of 1824 (C) he thought the bank was an impediment to interstate
commerce (D) Great Britain had too much influence over foreign policy by ownership of
a third of the bank's stock.
374. An important political development in the election of 1832 was the (A) elimination
of the Electoral College (B) extension of the franchise to all male immigrants over thirty
(C) emergence of the first national third party (D) outlawing of party caucuses to choose
nominees for national office.
375. The Panic of 1837 was caused by all(A) (A) withdrawal of British investors'
support (B) the failure of transcontinental railroads (C) a decline in the demand for
American cotton (D) land and banking speculation
376. The Independent Treasury Act provided for the (A) establishment of decentralized
depositories for government funds (B) reestablishment of the National Bank to curb
speculation (C) liquidation of pet banks to eliminate sectional favoritism (D) creation of a
Federal Reserve to oversee creation of money.
377. One effect of the low level of electioneering in 1840 was to (A) spur passage of
election reform laws that outlawed political misbehavior in future elections (B) so
embitter the major parties that little compromise could be reached in the next four years
(C) discourage voters from participating in the election (D) bring out more voters than in
any other election.
378. Under the stewardship of Chief Justice Robert (B) Taney, the Supreme Court may
be said to have (A) reversed the Court's previous stand on the doctrine of judicial review
(B) repudiated the pro-business pronouncements of John Marshall (C) reasserted the
sovereignty of the states (D) upheld most of Marshall's judicial opinions.
379. John Tyler's succession to the Presidency affected the party system by (A)
strengthening the Whig party in the Executive branch and in Congress (B) bringing
together the two parties in a new era of good feeling (C) bringing about a serious rift in
the Whig party (D) causing a serious rift in the Democratic panty
380. The area chiefly affected by the Webster-Ashburton Treaty was (A) Oregon (B)
Maine (C) California (D) Texas.
381. The basis of the social reform movements that began in the 1820s in this country
was the belief of many that (A) this country was lagging behind Europe in social progress
(B) the American people had a divine mission to eradicate social injustice in the world
(C) the American Revolution had proven the effectiveness of controlled violence in
adjusting social wrongs (D) this country was less likely to become entangled in foreign
affairs if its people were kept busy at home.
382. Most nineteenth-century American reformers believed that the proper agencies of
reform were (A) churches and benevolent societies (B) political patties (C) local
government agencies (D) revolutionary movements.
383. All of the following contributed to the decline of orthodox Calvinism in the early
nineteenth century except (A) Enlightenment rationalism (B) the optimism engendered
by the Revolution (C) Jonathan Edward's attack on the dogma of predestination (D)
widespread acceptance of the idea of progress.
384. Unitarian beliefs included all the following(A) (A) religious differences among men
must be abolished (B) God was benevolent (C) Jesus was mortal (D) Christians should
seek rewards for their virtue on earth.
385. The leader of Unitarianism during much of the early nineteenth century was (A)
Jonathan Edwards (B) Thomas Paine (C) Charles Finney (D) William Ellery Channing.
386. In opposition to Unitarian beliefs, the transcendentalists held that knowledge sprang
from (A) sensory experience (B) reason (C) intuition (D) tradition
387. Which of the following would transcendentalists tend not to subscribe to? (A) Trust
the opinion of the common people. (B) America--love it or leave it. (C) In the long run,
everything works out for the best (D) Conscience is the only reliable guide.
388. The revivalist movement of the 1820s aided the formation of reform movements by
stressing the (A) divinity of mankind (B) limitations of worldly authority (C) basic
rationality of all human beings (D) need to do good works.
389. Charles G. Finney is closely associated with (A) revivalism and social reform (B)
millennialism (C) Mormonism (D) transcendentalism.
390. In their social backgrounds and economic assumptions, nineteenth(A)century
reform leaders were (A) usually upper (D)ass (B) predominantly industrial working class
(C) generally middle class (D) members of all strata of society.
391. One of the major shortcomings of early nineteenth-century social reformers was
their (A) extreme pessimism about human nature (B) naive belief in the social causes of
crime (C) confidence that social problems could be solved by reforming individuals (D)
tendency to support lunatic fringe ideas, not substantial reform enterprises.
392. One of the lasting penal reforms instituted by early nineteenth(A)century reformers
was (A) isolation of the criminally insane (B) abolition of capital punishment for offenses
other than murder (C) institution of professional training for prison staffs (D) reform
schools for juvenile offenders.
393. Which of the following statements concerning the temperance movement is most
accurate? (A) The movement never had widespread popular support. (B) It never
succeeded in lowering alcoholic consumption significantly. (C) The movement was
united on the need for prohibition enforced by state statutes. (D) People took the
movement seriously, believing that drinking was the root of most social problems.
394. In the years before the Civil War, the women of the United States made limited
gains, including all except (A) the right, in a few states, to control their own property if
they were married (B) acceptance as elementary school teachers and nurses (C) the right
to vote if not married (D) establishment of the first women's college and the first coeducational college
395. Which of the following groups did not support the movement for free public
education? (A) businessmen in need of an educated working force (B) laborers interested
in bettering their own condition (C) religious school supporters, who felt they were
carrying an unfair burden (D) political egalitarians, who believed education necessary to
democracy.
396. The movement for free public education was least successfully implemented in (A)
the South (B) New England (C) the Middle Atlantic states (D) the West.
397. In 1837 Horace Mann campaigned for and won all of the following educational
reforms in his own state(A) (A) state-supported teacher training (B) an improved
curriculum in schools (C) a longer school year (D) equal educational opportunity for
blacks and women.
398. The reform movement for peace stated in the 1820s finally collapsed when (A) a
personal rivalry between William Ladd and William Lloyd Garrison split the movement
into factions (B) peace advocates were not able to agree on the use of violence in selfdefense (C) sectional conflict became more bitter and the Civil War broke out (D)
members of an international congress for peace broke over the issue of slavery.
399. Brook Farm, Massachusetts, and New Harmony, Indiana, were (A) famous refuges
for runaway Southern slaves (B) model communes designed to achieve a better social
order (C) theocratic colonies under strict religious guidance (D) experiments to promote
states' rights.
400. William Lloyd Garrison transformed the movement against black slavery by his
advocacy of (A) gradualism in the abolition of slavery (B) colonization of freed blacks in
Africa (C) immediate abolition of Southern slavery (D) elimination of race prejudice in
the North before attacking slavery in the South.
401. Which of the following does not account for the increasing appeal of abolitionism
after 1830? (A) The expansion of slavery alarmed many. (B) Southerners began losing
faith in the wisdom of their peculiar institution. (C) Antislavery tracts documenting
cruelties found wide public readership. (D) Many realized that slavery discredited
American's claim to be a model liberal democracy.
402. A disagreement over tactics and the admission of women to the abolitionist
movement in 1840 led to (A) Garrison's resignation from the movement (B) transference
of responsibility for implementing reform from the national to the state and local levels
(C) formation of two national organizations, one headed by Garrison, the other by the
Grimke sisters (D) disavowal of the abolitionist movement by women's rights leaders.
403. All of the following blacks played a significant role in the abolitionists movement
except (A) Sojourner Truth (B) Denmark Vesey (C) Frederick Douglass (D) David
Walker
404. Harriet Tubman made a major contribution to the abolitionist movement by (A)
guiding fugitive slaves to freedom on the socalled underground railroad (B) founding the
NAACP (C) founding a colony for freed blacks in the West (D) organizing black
resistance to segregationist patterns in the North.
405. The most common approach used by the abolitionists to achieve their objective was
(A) armed confrontation (B) purchase of slaves and then liberation of them (C) "moral
suasion" (D) an indictment of the economic inefficiency of slavery.
406. On the question of political action to achieve their goals, most abolitionists felt that
(A) formation of a third party concentrating on abolition would be desirable (B)
government was not empowered to deal with slavery, so political involvement would be
useless (C) political involvement would eventually split the nation, so the tactic should be
avoided (D) working through the existing party system could help achieve some reforms.
407. Under pressure from the abolitionists, a number of Northern states adopted
"personal-liberty laws" that (A) upheld the legality of fugitive slave laws (B) aided
professional slave-catchers in their work (C) withheld assistance in the capture of fugitive
slaves (D) were declared unconstitutional in the case of Prigg v. Pennsylvania.
408. Success of the abolitionists in the antebellum period included all except (A) a
significantly growing movement toward voluntary abolition of slavery among Southern
slave holders (B) escape to the North of several thousand slaves along the underground
railroad (C) growing Northern political support for confining slavery to its present
boundaries (D) a growing Northern moral commitment to civil liberties, which helped
prepare for the Civil War struggles.
409. Religious and secular justification of slavery in the South rested on (A) rejection of
Aristode's recommendations for political society (B) the assumption that black
Americans were intellectually and physically inferior to white Americans (C) a desire to
achieve orderly and progressive reforms initiated by Southern slave holders (D) a basic
optimism about human nature and social progress.
410. Americans generally did not settle west of Missouri and Arkansas in the 1820s and
1830s because (A) a powerful conservative European alliance would have intervened to
prevent it (B) Indian power was considered sufficient to disrupt settlement (C) most
Americans considered social reform a more pressing need than territorial expansion (D)
the area seemed unsuited for settlement.
411. Reasons for the revived interest in territorial expansion in the 1840s included all
except (A) the American sense of Manifest Destiny (B) elimination of Britain as a threat
to expansion (C) a growing desire to develop trade with the Far East (D) renewed fear of
foreign intervention in lands bordering this country.
412. The concept of Manifest Destiny includes all of the following except (A) the desire
for land (B) the legitimacy of slavery as an economic institution (C) the superiority of
Anglo-Saxon culture (D) the American mission to extend democratic institutions.
413. The first settlers who moved to Texas were motivated by (A) the search for gold (B)
the need to escape religious persecution (C) a desire for land to cultivate cotton (D) a call
to convert Indians.
414. Texas was not annexed after declaring its independence from Mexico in 1836
because of opposition from (A) Western farmers (B) Southern defenders of slavery (C)
Texas settlers (D) Northern Whigs and opponents of Southern expansion.
415. Which of the following was not an ardent annexationist on the Texas question? (A)
Andrew Jackson (B) Martin Van Buren (C) John Tyler (D) John C. Calhoun.
416. The American claim to Oregon rested primarily on prior American exploration; the
British claim was based on (A) the presence of the British fleet off the Oregon coast (B)
the missionary efforts of Dr. John McLaughlin (C) purchase of the Spanish and French
claims to the area (D) essentially the same ground.
417. A large migration of American settlers into Oregon began in the 1840s because of
the (A) missionary zeal the reform movements had stirred (B) fear that Britain was about
to undertake a second colonization of the New World (C) economic potential of the area's
fertile lands (D) discovery of gold in the Willamette Valley.
418. The first American Contact with California was made by (A) Jesuit missionaries
seeking to convert the Indians (B) New England whalers and merchants (C) fortune
hunters looking for California gold (D) runaway slaves from Texas who sought refuge
with the more tolerant Mexicans.
419. Utah was settled by people seeking mainly (A) fertile lands for cotton cultivation
(B) trade relations with the Mexicans living there (C) escape from religious persecution
(D) implementation of communitarian ideals.
420. Polk's Administration brought to an end the (A)`i power of the South in the
Democratic party (B) influence of Jacksonian principles in the Democratic patty (C) low
revenue tariff (D) American System
421. Texas was legally annexed to the United States in 1845 by means of (A) Tyler's
executive order before leaving office (B) Polk's executive order upon taxing office (C) a
joint resolution that required only a simple majority vote of the House and Senate (D)
approval of a treaty by two-thirds of the Senate.
422. In negotiating a settlement with Britain over the Oregon boundary, Polk appears to
have been most concerned about (A) upholding the strongly expansionist Democratic
party platform (B) avoiding wars with both Britain and Mexico at the same time (C)
reflecting the prevailing views of the House and Senate (D) rejecting the precedent of the
Monroe Doctrine.
423. According to the treaty that resolved the Oregon controversy between the United
States and Great Britain (A) the United States received title to all of Oregon (B) Great
Britain received title to most of the original Oregon Territory (C) Oregon was divided at
the Columbia River (D) Oregon was divided at the forty-ninth parallel.
424. All of the following were causes of the war with Mexico except (A) the inability of
United States citizens to obtain compensation for claims against the Mexican government
(B) American determination to obtain California and New Mexico (C) the anger of
Mexican patriots over American annexation of Texas (D) Mexico's attempt to seize part
of the Louisiana Territory in compensation for American annexation of Texas.
425. The Slidell diplomatic mission to Mexico failed to avoid war because (A) a new
Mexican nationalist government had come to power and refused to negotiate (B)
Congress refused to authorize payment of the money Slidell had offered Mexico for its
territory (C) England had offered more money to the Mexican government to keep
California and Santa Fe neutral buffer states (D) Polk was bent on war and knew the offer
would not be accepted.
426. Strongest opposition to the Mexican War in this country came from & Southern
Whigs (B) Southern Democrats (C) Westerners (D) Northern abolitionists.
427. The "Bear Flag Revolt" involved a rebellion of (A) Conscience Whigs against their
own party over the Mexican War (B) Californians against Mexico during the Mexican
War (C) Texans against Mexico during the Mexican War (D) slaves in the territory
annexed after the Mexican War.
428. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ending the Mexican War left Americans with all
the following problems except (A) how to govern the multicultural society America had
become as a result of the treaty (B) whether to allow slavery into the new territories (C)
whether to compensate Mexico for the territories taken away by the treaty (D) how to
defend a vast new American territory.
429. The Wilmot Proviso, rejected by the Senate, stipulated that slavery would be (A)
prohibited in the territories gained from Mexico (B) prohibited in California, but
permitted in New Mexico (C) permitted in California (D) permitted only by the popular
vote of settlers in each territory.
430. Antislavery Northerners argued that slavery could most constitutionally be
prohibited in new territories by (A) the President through an executive order (B) the
Supreme Court through a test case (C) Congress through its authority to make regulations
for new territories of the United States (D) Congress through exercise of its powers over
interstate commerce.
431. Proslavery Southerners argued that the federal government could not prohibit
slavery in the territories because (A) citizens would thereby be deprived of their right to
migrate with their property (B) there was no legal precedent for it (C) the Constitution, in
the three-fifths clause, recognized the right of slavery to exist (D) the states, not the
federal government, are sovereign.
432. Popular sovereignty refers to the notion that (A) the people's representatives in
Congress have the power to decide the legal sphere of slavery (B) the states, since they
are more closely connected with the sovereign people than the federal government, have
the power to decide the limits of slavery (C) the people of the United States have the
power to decide the question of slavery by plebiscite (D) only the people who actually
settle a territory have the power of deciding the slavery question.
433 The Free-Soil party advocated all of the following except (A) freedom for settlers
of each territory to choose slavery or reject it (B) a homestead act to give land to Western
settlers (C) the explicit exclusion of slavery from any new territories (D) federal
appropriations for internal improvements.
434. The event that precipitated the crisis of 1850 was (A) repeal of the Missouri
Compromise line (B) the Southern attempt to introduce slavery into Maryland and the
District of Columbia (C) the rapid settlement of California after the gold strike and
subsequent application for statehood (D) repeal of the Fugitive Slave Law.
435. The principal drafter of the Compromise of 1850 was (A) John C. Calhoun (B)
Daniel Webster (C) Stephen Douglas (D) Henry Clay.
436. After 1850, the South's position in the Union grew increasingly untenable for all the
following reasons(A) (A) Northern domination of the Senate (B) likely admission to the
union of several new tree states (C) domination of political life by a hostile Whig party
(D) the growing economic superiority of the North.
437. The feature of the Compromise of 1850 that stirred the most sectional conflict was
(A) the admission of New Mexico as a slave state (B) the admission of California as a
free state (C) the new and more severe fugitive slave act (D) the closing of the District of
Columbia as a depot for interstate slave trading.
01. In 19th century American politics, the phrase "twisting the lion's tail" refers to (A)
getting money from American industrialists for political purposes. (B) needling England
for political profit. (C) taking actions to thwart labor unions. (D) needling the Dutch for
political profit.
02. President Polk accepted the 49th parallel as the Oregon boundary because of (A) the
apparent fairness of the settlement. (B) Russian threats from Alaska (C) Canada's
pressure on the United States. (D) problems with Mexico.
03. America's claim to the Oregon Territory stemmed from all the following except (A)
the Lewis and Clark expedition. (B) a grant from the British crown. (C) the settlers in the
Willamette Valley. (D) the Astor Fur Company.
04. The United States interest in making Texas a state was spurred by (A) Great
Britain's interest in Texas. (B) Texas' repeated requests for statehood (C) Mexico's desire
to sell Texas. (D) constant border clashes with Mexico.
05. All of the following battles relate to Texas' war for independence from Mexico
except (A) San Jacinto. (B) Veracruz. (C) Alamo. (D) Goliad.
06. Texas became a state by a (A) constitutional amendment. (B) joint resolution of
Congress. (C) presidential proclamation. (D) treaty.
07. In the 1820s, Stephen Austin took settlers to (A) Texas. (B) New Mexico. (C)
California (D) Utah.
08. The Americans who went to Texas in the ooze differed from the native inhabitants
in all the following ways except (A) language. (A) desire for land (C) religion. (D)
country of origin.
09. The American settlers in Texas in the 1830s were particularly upset over Mexico's
decision to (A) tax them more heavily. (B) restrict land holding. (C) draft Texas into the
Mexican army. (D) restrict the institution of slavery.
10. The issue which led to open conflict in 1846 between the United States and Mexico
was (A) slavery. (B) rights on the seas. (C) the Texas-Mexico boundary. (D) the future of
California
11. Most people believed that what President Polk in the 18405 really wanted from
Mexico was the territory of (A) Texas. (B) New Mexico. (C) Utah. (D) California
12. The significant city captured by the Americans in the New Mexico territory during
the war with Mexico was (A) Bent's Fort. (B) Santa Fe. (C) Phoenix. (D) Tucson.
13. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo contained all the following provisions except that
(A) the Texas boundary be set at the Rio Grande. (B) the United States receive upper
California and the New Mexico and Utah Territories. (C) a strip of land across what is
now southern New Mexico and Arizona suitable for a railroad be given to the United
States. (D) the United States pay Mexico $15 million and agree to pay American citizens
money owed them by the Mexican government.
14. Many Americans opposed "Mr. Polk's War" because they felt it (A) profited the
West only. (B) would hurt northern industry. (C) would hurt the United States on the
international scene. (D) was a war for the expansion of slavery.
15. The Webster-Ashburton Treaty represented an agreement between the United States
and (A) Spain. (A) Mexico. (C) England (D) France.
16. The Aroostook "War" was over disputed territory between Maine and (A) New
Brunswick. (B) New Hampshire. (C) Massachusetts. (D) Newfoundland.
17. After the War of 1812, the United States and Great Britain negotiated disputes over
(A) Maine, the Great Lakes, and Florida (B) the Great Lakes, Maine, and Oregon. (C)
Oregon, California, and the Great Lakes. (D) Florida, Oregon, and Maine.
18. "The word used in the constitution, then, comprehends, and has been always
understood to comprehend, navigation within its meaning; and a power to regulate
navigation is as expressly granted as if that term had been added to the word
`commerce'." The Court decision which followed this line of reasoning was (A) Marbury
v. Madison (B) McCulloch v. Maryland (C) Gibbons V. Ogden (D) Dartmouth v.
Woodward.
19. "In Park-Street Church, on the Fourth of July, 1829, in an address on slavery, I
unreflectingly assented to the popular but pernicious doctrine of gradual abolition. I seize
this opportunity to make a full and unequivocal recantation, and thus publicly to ask
pardon of my God, of my country, and of my brethren the poor slaves, for having uttered
a sentiment so full of timidity, injustice, and absurdity." These words were spoken by (A)
William Lloyd Garrison. (B) Theodore Weld (C) Frederick Douglass. (D) Abraham
Lincoln.
20. "Whereas the Congress of the United States, by various acts, purporting to be acts
laying duties and imports on foreign imports, but in reality intended for the protection of
domestic manufactures, and the giving of bounties to classes and individuals engaged in
particular employments,..." are words justifying (A) South Carolina's nullification of the
1828 tariff. (B) South Carolina's nullification of the 1832 tariff. (C) Virginia's
nullification of the Alien and Sedition Acts. (D) Kentucky's nullification of the Alien and
Sedition Acts.
21. "Complained the compiler of his funeral eulogies in ..... . his opponents have ever
been most bitter enemies, and his friends almost his worshipers." These words referred to
(A) Henry Clay. (B) James Knox Polk. (C) Andrew Jackson. (D) Martin Van Buren.
2. "..... to substitute a system of brotherly cooperation for one of selfish competition;
to secure to our children and those who may be entrusted to our care, the benefits of the
highest physical, intellectual, and moral education, which, in the progress of knowledge,
the resources at our command will permit;..What community's constitution contained
these words? (A) Oneida (B) Shaker (C) Rappite (D) Brook Farm
23. In 1817, the American Colonization Society established the African state of (A)
Ivory Coast. (B) Mali. (C) Ghana (D) Liberia.
24. The American Colonization Society was unsuccessful in resettling freed slaves
because (A) most whites opposed the idea (B) the freed slaves did not wish to leave the
United States. (C) areas were set aside in the United States for freed slaves. (D) the
government said freed slaves could not leave the United States.
25. The most celebrated author of the Knickerbocker School was (A) Ralph Waldo
Emerson. (B) Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. (C) Washington Irving. (D) James
Fenimore Cooper.
28. In order to ship upstream, merchants and farmers needed (A) flatboats. (B) canoes.
(C) steamboats. (D) clipper ships.
29. Many of the early railroad building ventures were partially financed by (A) local
and state governments. (B) the national government. (C) international combines. (D) state
issued bonds.
30. John Tyler's Cabinet, except for Daniel Webster, resigned over Tyler's veto of a bill
dealing with (A) the tariff. (B) banking. (C) internal improvements. (D) military
appropriations.
31. Martin Van Buren's term as president was marred by (A) his poor relations with
Andrew Jackson. (B) the activities of the slave holders. (C) the tariff issue. (D) a financial
panic.
32. Charles Bullfinch popularized the style of architecture known as (A) Federal. (B)
rococo. (C) Gothic (D) Greek Revival.
33. In the first half of the 19th century, many wealthy southerners built their homes in
the style of the (A) Romans. (B) Greeks. (C) French. (D) British.
34. The North American Review was founded in an effort to (A) create a forum for
anti-slavery arguments. (B) publicize Canadian literature. (C) provide a forum for
American literary works of note. (D) provide a monthly magazine of international news.
35. Ralph Waldo Emerson, Thomas Jefferson, and Henry David Thoreau shared the
belief that (A) "government is best which governs the least." (B) "to the victor belongs
the spoils." (C) our position in respect to Oregon should be "54' 40" or fight" (D) the
question of slavery is best left to the individual states.
36. Alexis De Tocqueville, in his travels around the United States, observed that
Americans had a (A) fear of the frontier and that which was new. (B) desire to maintain
the European class system. (C) consuming interest in material things. (D) love for
everything French.
37. Many religious people in the first half of the 19th century believed that (A) religion
was on the decline in America (B) communal living was the best way to practiced
Christianity. (C) the millennium was near. (D) all of the above were true.
38. James Fenimore Cooper wrote all the following except (A) The Deerslayer. (B) The
pathfinder. (C) The Sketch Book. (D) The Last of the Mohicans.
39. The popular American poet who wrote "Evangeline" and "The Courtship of Miles
Standish" was (A) Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. (B) William Cullen Bryant. (C) Walt
Whitman. (D) John Greenleaf Whittier.
40. "Connected with the establishment of an university, or separate from it, might be
undertaken the erection of an astronomical observatory, with provision for the support of
an astronomer, to be in constant attendance of observation upon the phenomena of the
heavens, and for the periodical publication of his observations." These words were
spoken by (A) John Q. Adams. (B) Andrew Jackson. (C) James Monroe. (D) Henry Clay.
41. "The jubilee of America is turned into mourning... the first emotion of the Fourth of
July will be of joy and triumph in the great event which immortalizes the day; the second
will be one of chastened and tender recollection of the venerable men who departed on
the morning of the jubilee." In this speech of August 1,1826, Edward Everett mourned
the passing of (A) John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. (B) Thomas Jefferson and James
Madison. (C) James Madison and Thomas Jefferson. (D) John Adams and James
Monroe.
42. "Sir, the very chief end, the main design, for which the whole constitution was
framed and adopted, was to establish a government that should not be obliged to act
through state agency, or depend on state opinion and state discretion. The people had had
quite enough of that kind of government, under the confederacy." The sentiments
expressed in the above were those of (A) Robert Hayne. (B) Henry Clay. (C) Daniel
Webster. (D) John C. Calhoun.
43. "I believe that it deals unjustly by no part of the Republic; that it saves their honor
and, as far as it is dependent upon Congress, saves the interests of all quarters of the
country." This evaluation of the Compromise of 1850 was made by (A) Daniel Webster.
(B) John (C) Calhoun. (C) Henry Clay. (D) Stephen Douglas.
44. "When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one portion of the
family of man to assume among the people of the earth a position different from that
which they have hitherto occupied, but one to which the laws of nature and of nature's
God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinion of mankind requires that they should
declare the causes that impel them to such a course." These words may be found in the
(A) American Anti-Slavery Society Constitution. (B) Indian Bureau By-Laws. (C)
Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions. (D) Declaration of
Independence.
45. "But, if education be equally diffused, it will draw property after it by the strongest
of all attractions; for such a thing never did happen, and never can happen, as that an
intelligent and practical body of men should be permanently poor." This defense of the
need for public education was given by (A) Henry Barnard (B) Dorothea Dix. (C) John
Q. Adams. (D) Horace Mann.
46. Henry Clay's American System included (A) the elimination of tariffs. (B) support
for internal improvements. (C) the abolition of slavery in the territories. (D) the extension
of suffrage.
47. In the alleged "corrupt bargain" of 1824, Henry Clay received the position of (A)
Secretary of the Treasury. (B) Speaker of the House. (C) Secretary of State. (D) Vice
President.
48. Political reforms enacted by the time of Andrew Jackson's presidency included (A)
widening the electorate. (B) instituting the process of rotation in office. (C) providing for
the popular election of governors and judges. (D) all of the above.
49. The years from 1817 to 1824 were known as the Era of Good Feelings because (A)
the United States relationship with England was good (D) (B) the slavery issue was
dormant. (C) the existence of only one major political party eliminated partisan strife. (D)
the United States was the number one industrial nation.
50. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 did all of the following except (A) allow
Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state. (B) allow Maine to enter the Union as a free
state. (C) draw a line at 36050 forbidding slavery north of this line. (D) eliminate slavery
in all the territories.
51. President Andrew Jackson destroyed the national bank by (A) raising the tariff. (B)
removing government funds. (C) creating a subtreasury. (D) dismissing Nicholas Biddle.
52. President John Q. Adams was a spokesman for (A) strong nationalism. (B) slave
holding interests. (C) regionalism. (D) low tariffs.
53. The Revolution of 1828 demonstrated that political power was shifting (A) west of
the Appalachian Mountains. (B) south of the Mason Dixon line. (C) north of the MasonDixon line. (D) to the big cities of the East.
54. Many southerners objected to the Tariff of 1828 because they believed it (A) was
too high on American exports. (B) protected northern industry at southern expense. (C)
was unfair to farmers west of the Appalachian Mountains. (D) benefited British
merchants.
55. The major reason why Texas was not annexed in 1836 was (A) Andrew Jackson's
refusal to recognized Texas' independence from Mexico. (A) its location north of the
Missouri Compromise line. (C) Texas' preference to remain an independent republic (D)
the northern states fear of additional slave states.
56. President Jackson supported the state of Georgia against the (A) Seminoles. (B)
Cherokees. (C) Lumbees. (D) Choctaws.
57. William Henry Harrison was all of the following except (A) a Whig.
(A) a military hero. (C) a southerner by birth. (D) a strong executive.
58. The major issue in the 1832 presidential campaign was (A) the national bank. (B)
the tariff. (C) slavery. (D) the government's Indian policy.
59. James Knox Polk can best be described as an (A) anti-Jacksonian. (B) expansionist.
(C) Indian hater. (D) abolitionist.
60. The Cumberland Road (A) facilitated the flow of traffic south. (B) facilitated the
flow of traffic west. (C) was built entirely with federal funds. (D) followed the route of
the Erie canal.
61. New England was a good place for textile factories because it possessed (A) an
available labor-supply. (B) investment capital. (C) water as a source of power. (D) all of
the above.
62. Labor unions received legal recognition in the Massachusetts courts in (A)
Commonwealth v. Hunt. (B) McCulloch v. Maryland (C) Cohen v. Virginia (D) Gibbons
V. Ogden.
63. During the first half of the 19th century, the person most often associated with
assisting the mentally ill was (A) Susan B. Anthony. (A) Dorothea Dix. (C) Horace
Mann. (D) Theodore Weld.
64. The "gag rule" of 1836 stated that (A) no member of Congress could speak on the
topic of slavery. (B) no further discussion could be held on the Texas issue. (C) the bank
issue could not be brought up during that session of Congress. (D) any petition relating to
slavery must be placed on the table.
65. Transcendentalism embodied each of the following ideas except (A) the importance
of the individual. (B) God as identical with the world (C) harmony with nature. (D) selfreliance.
66. Santa Fe, Spanish, Oregon, and Mormon were all (A) railroads. (B) trails. (C)
territories. (D) canals.
67. Horace Mann maintained the Puritan tradition and made this state a leader in 19th
century education: (A) Massachusetts. (B) Rhode Island (C) New Hampshire. (D)
Connecticut.
68. Two of Horace Mann's demands for an improved education system were (A) public
secondary and public primary education for everyone. (B) trained teachers and public
higher education for everyone. (C) trained teachers and public secondary education for
everyone. (D) trained teachers and public primary schools for everyone.
69. The position of women in early 19th century America was improved by (A) the
opening of women's colleges. (B) demands for new marriage and property laws. (C) the
Seneca Fall's Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions. (D) all of the above.
70. The most well-known school of American artists in the first half of the 19th century
was the (A) Impressionist. (B) Surrealist. (C) Hudson River. (D) Ashcan.
71. Much of the early 19th century art depicted (A) mother/child pictures. (B)
American landscape scenes. (C) urban skylines. (D) still life.
72. The Oneida and Shaker communities were noted for their (A) religious mysticism.
(B) opposition to slavery. (C) sexual beliefs. (D) transcendental meditation.
73. President Jackson vetoed the Maysville Road project because he felt that (A) Henry
Clay opposed it. (B) the road was unnecessary in the first place. (C) intrastate projects
should be locally and state funded (D) the federal government could not afford the
project.
74. Nathaniel Hawthorne took the 19th century American reader back to America's (A)
Dutch heritage (B) Puritan heritage (C) Quaker heritage (D) German heritage.
75. Most of the remembered, well-known writers of the first half of the 19th century
were from (A) Kentucky. (B) Maryland/Virginia (C) the Carolinas/Georgia (D) New
England
76. The "Lowell System" was characterized by (A) interchangeable parts. (B) the
development of cottage industries. (C) mass production. (D) the recognition of labor
unions.
77. Industrialization in the United States prior to the Civil War was hampered by (A)
too much government interference. (B) relatively little capital to invest. (C) the United
States involvement in European wars. (D) the expansion of slavery to the North and the
West.
78. The two Whig presidents (A) were issue oriented candidates. (B) were strong
leaders. (C) died in office. (D) were long time party leaders.
79. Many of the early roads were (A) federally funded (B) state funded(D) (C) private
toll roads. (D) privately owned, but free.
80. Westerners were interested in public support for (A) anti-slavery legislation. (B)
labor unions. (C) subsidized exports. (D) internal improvements.
81. The Indian problem was "solved" during the first half of the 19th century by (A)
moving the Indians west of the Mississippi River. (B) granting the Indians full
citizenship. (C) selling the Indians into slavery. (D) placing the Indians on reservations.
82. England's factory plans were brought to America by (A) Moses Brown. (B) Henry
Bessemer. (C) Samuel Slater. (D) James Watt.
83. The issue dividing the North and the South in the 1820s and 1830s was (A) export
taxes. (B) tariffs. (C) income taxes. (D) land taxes.
84. Southern support of the Tariff of 1816 was lost for the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832
because southern leaders realized that the (A) North was hurt by the high tariff (B) South
was not going to industrialize any time in the near future. (C) West profited from the high
tariff. (D) South's industrialization was moving too rapidly.
85. In 1821, the first public high school opened its doors in (A) New York. (B)
Charleston. (C) Boston. (D) Philadelphia.
86. In the 18405, the United States settled three important boundary questions in (A)
Texas, Oregon, and Louisiana(A) (B) Oregon, Louisiana, and Maine. (C) Maine, Oregon,
and Texas. (D) Maine, Texas, and Louisiana.
87. The following were all spokesmen for the West except (A) Thomas Hart Benton
(B) Robert Hayne. (C) Henry Clay. (D) Andrew Jackson.
88. George Whitefield's counterpart in the Second Great Awakening was (A) Charles
Finney. (B) Theodore Frelinghuysen. (C) Theodore Weld (D) Ralph Waldo Emerson.
89. In the end, Daniel Webster's actions were determined by his belief in the (A)
abolition of slavery. (B) indestructibility of the federal union. (C) superiority of New
England(D) (D) ineffectiveness of high tariffs.
90. The one major issue of the third parties of the 18405 was (A) the income tax. (B) the
extension of slavery into the territories. (C) expansionism. (D) abolitionism.
91. Edgar Allan Poe introduced the (A) folktale. (B) narrative history. (C) lyric poem.
(D) mystery.
92. The Webster-Hayne Debate evolved into a debate over (A) slavery. (B) states'
rights. (C) the tariff. (D) the national bank.
93. The Independent Treasury Act called for (A) the establishment of a national bank.
(B) government owned vaults. (C) the printing of paper currency. (D) the adoption of a
bimetallic standard.
94. During the early 19th century, important advances were made in the development of
(A) anesthetics. (B) a vaccine for polio. (C) antibiotics. (D) viral vaccines.
95. The development of early 19th century music was characterized by (A) authentic
American pianos. (B) the opening of music schools. (C) an increase in the number of
choral societies. (D) all of the above.
96. Patriotism in the first half of the 19th century was made manifest in the writing of
(A) "The Star-Spangled Banner," "America," and "Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean." (B)
"The Star-Spangled Banner," "America," and "America the Beautiful." (C) "America,"
"America the Beautiful," and "Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean." (D) "Columbia, the
Gem of the Ocean," "America the Beautiful," and "The Star-Spangled Banner."
97. In the early 19th century, ethnologists were interested in the study of (A) African
Americans. (B) Hispanics. (C) American Indians. (D) southeastern Europeans.
98. The spokesmen for the North, South, and West during the anti bellum period were,
respectively, (A) Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, and Thomas Hart Benton. (B) Daniel
Webster, John Calhoun, and Thomas Hart Benton. (C) John Q Adams, Henry Clay, and
John Calhoun. (D) John Q Adams, John Calhoun, and Daniel Webster.
99. The Erie Canal, completed in 1825, joined (A) Buffalo and Rochester. (B) Albany
and Buffalo. (C) Rochester and Albany. (D) Buffalo and Pittsburgh.
100. By the 1820s, the financial center of the United States was (A) Philadelphia(A) (B)
Boston. (C) Washington, D.C. (D) New York City.
101. Interest in furthering adult education in the early 19th century was evidenced by the
(A) establishment of Phi Delta Kapp(A) (B) Lincoln movement. (C) Lyceum movement.
(D) Temperance movement.
102. The first indigenous American church was the (A) Methodist. (B) Presbyterian. (C)
Baptist. (D) Mormon.
103. The "burned-over" district refers to an area swept by revivals in the state of (A)
Massachusetts. (B) New York. (C) Pennsylvania (D) New Jersey.
104. Spokesmen for the southern cause during the first half of the 19th century were (A)
William Crawford and John Calhoun. (B) Daniel Webster and John Calhoun. (C) Robert
Hayne and Henry Clay. (D) Andrew Jackson and John Q. Adams.
105. Eli Whitney is most noted for the invention of the cotton gin and (A) holding
companies. (B) interchangeable parts. (C) assembly line production. (D) corporate
management.
106. John Calhoun's famous toast expressing his political philosophy was (A) "The
Union - next to our liberty the most dear!" (B) "give me liberty or give me death." (C)
"Our Federal Union - it must be preserved!" (D) "Sail on, 0 Union, strong and great!"
107. In the Nullification Crisis, Andrew Jackson's response to South Carolina came in
the form of (A) yielding to South Carolina's demands. (B) securing congressional passage
of the Force Bill. (C) sending forces. (D) none of the above.
108. The Nullification Crisis ended when (A) Andrew Jackson personally yielded to the
demands of South Carolina (B) South Carolina seceded from the Union. (C) Congress
passed the Compromise Tariff of 1833. (D) federal troops invaded South Carolina.
109. Andrew Jackson's response to John Calhoun's toast was (A) "The Union - next to
our liberty, the most dear!" (B) "give me liberty or give me death." (C) "I'd rather be right
than be president." (D) "Our Federal Union - it must be preserved!"
110. In 1844, Henry Clay may have lost the election because of the presence of the (A)
Free Soil Party. (B) Know-Nothing Party. (C) Liberty Party. (D) National Republican
Party.
111. The major party that emerged in the 1830s to challenge the Democratic Party was
the (A) Federalist Party. (B) Whig Party. (C) National Republican Party. (D) Republican
Party.
112. The basic philosophical movement underlying the reform of the early 19th century
was (A) transcendentalism. (B) pantheism. (C) existentialism. (D) pragmatism.
113. Of significant importance to the expansion of the railroad system were
improvements in the (A) locomotive. (B) fuel sources. (C) explosives Industry. (D) food
sources.
114. The two significant developments in the last half of the 19th century which
facilitated the making of clothes were the (A) safety pin and spinning wheel. (B) sewing
machine and safety pin. (C) spinning wheel and sewing machine. (D) safety pin and
zipper.
115. Two major agricultural advances in the first half of the 19th century were the
development of the (A) horse collar and yoke. (B) windmill and gravity irrigation. (C)
reaper and steel blade plowshare. (D) barbed wire industry and water wheel irrigation.
116. "..... as it now stands, one section has the exclusive power of controlling the
government, which leaves the other without any adequate means of protecting itself
against its encroachment and oppression." These words concerning the Compromise of
1850 were spoken by (A) Henry Clay. (A) John C. Calhoun. (C) Daniel Webster. (D)
Robert Hayne.
1. With the rise of the New Democracy, westerners believed that a man was well
qualified for office if he (A) had an education. (B) was a superior militia commander. (C)
had gained considerable wealth. (D) was a "leading citizen."
2. Davy Crockett's election to Congress was based mainly on his (A) skill with a rifle.
(B) extensive knowledge of the law. (C) aristocratic background. (D) concern for
preserving frontier resources.
3. In the age of the New Democracy, most high political offices were filled by (A)
common people. (B) federalists. (C) the semiliterate. (D) the wealthy and prominent.
4. At the core of the New Democracy was the belief that government should be (A)
highly centralized. (B) in the hands of the common people. (C) confined to property
owners. (D) left to the well educated.
5. The property qualification to vote became almost meaningless in the West because
(A) so few owned land. (B) new ways had been found to keep the common man from
voting. (C) land was so easily obtained. (D) so few on the frontier wanted to vote.
6. The New Democracy was based on the idea that the right to vote should be
extended to (A) all adults. (B) women and blacks. (C) only those who owned property.
(D) all adult white men.
7. The panic of 1819 got many people involved in politics because they resented (A)
the refusal of their government to promote economic growth actively. (B) governmentgranted privileges for banks. (C) the initiation of expensive government welfare and
relief programs. (D) the government's "hard-money" policies.
8. The growth in political democracy in the 182~s was due in part to (A) the
egalitarian ideas that had developed during colonial and Revolutionary times. (B)
economic prosperity. (C) continued suspicion of political parties. (D) the abolition of the
Electoral College.
9. Many Americans, especially workers and farmers, developed a hatred of banks for
all of the following reasons except (A) overspeculation by bankers. (B) the banks'
inability and unwillingness to redeem bank notes. (C) property foreclosures. (D) the
banks' demand to substitute hard money for bank notes.
10. In the 182es, interest in politics on the part of the common people was invigorated
by a (A) desire to abolish slavery. (B) belief in Manifest Destiny. (C) desire to restore
the republican ideals of ~efferson `s era. (D) need to oppose the resurrection of the
Federalist party.
11. The Missouri Compromise caused many white southerners to (A) abandon national
politics in favor of state politics. (B) fear additional federal aggressions against states'
rights. (C) ally themselves with westerners to protect slavery. (D) oppose the hardmoney policies of the Bank of the United States.
12. The Missouri Compromise was especially instrumental in causing many
__________ to become involved in national politics. (A) southerners (B) northern
urban laborers (C) New England merchants (D) westerners
13. The first political party to hold a national nominating convention was the (A)
Federalist party. (B) Republic party. (C) Democratic party. (D) Anti-Masonic party.
14. Match each individual below with the correct description.
A. Andrew Jackson
1. was vice president on the ticket of two
B. Henry Clay
presidential candidates in 1824
C. iohn C. Calhoun
2. received more popular votes than any
D. William Crawford
other candidate in 1824
3. was eliminated as a candidate when the
election of 1824 was thrown into the
House of Representatives
(A) A-2, B-3, C-1
(B) A-2, B-1, D-3
(C) B-1, C-3, D-2
(D) A-3, C-2, D-1
15. Arrange the following in chronological order: (A) Webster-Hayne debate, (B)
Missouri Compromise, (C) "corrupt bargain," (D) "South Carolina Exposition."
(A) C, B, A, D
(B) D, B, C, A
(C) B, C, D, A
(D) C, A, B, D
16. The House of Representatives decided the 1824 presidential election when (A) no
candidate received a majority of the vote in the Electoral College. (B) William Crawford
suffered a stroke and was forced to drop out of the race. (C) the House was forced to do
so by "King Caucus." (D) Henry Clay, as Speaker of the House, made the request.
17. John Quincy Adams, elected president in 1825, was charged by his political
opponents with having struck a "corrupt bargain" when he appointed __________ to
become (A) John C. Calhoun, vice president (B) William Crawford, chief justice of the
United States (C) Henry Clay, secretary of state (D) Daniel Webster, secretary of state
18. John Quincy Adams could be described as (A) an excellent politician. (B) a man
who sought popular support. (C) a politician with great tact. (D) possessing almost none
of the arts of the politician.
19. As president, John Quincy Adams (A) was more successful than as secretary of
state. (B) adjusted to the New Democracy. (C) was one of the least successful
presidents in American history. (D) put many of his supporters on the federal payroll.
20. The people who proposed the exceptionally high rates of the Tariff of 1828 were
(A) supporters of John Quincy Adams. (B) abolitionists. (C) ardent supporters of
Andrew Jackson. (D) Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun.
21. The section of the United States most hurt by the Tariff of 1828 was (A) New
England. (B) the West. (C) the Southwest. (D) the South.
22. Southerners feared the Tariff of 1828 because (A) it would hurt their
manufacturing sector. (B) they believed that the federal power this bill represented could
be used to suppress slavery. (C) it might hurt Andrew Jackson's political career. (D)
they were convinced that it would destroy the American woolen industry.
23. John C. Calhoun's "South Carolina Exposition" was an argument for (A) secession.
(B) protective tariffs. (C) majority rule. (D) states' rights.
24. By writing "The South Carolina Exposition," John C. Calhoun hoped to (A)
destroy the Union. (B) gain support for his presidential campaign. (C) ruin Andrew
Jackson's presidency. (D) salvage the Union by quieting fears.
25. Andrew Jackson's election to the presidency in 1828 can be considered the
"Revolution of 1828" for all of the following reasons except that (A) more common
people gained the right to vote. (B) John Quincy Adams suffered a crushing defeat in the
popular vote. (C) political power continued to shift from East to West. (D) the wealthy
seemed to lose some political power to the poorer masses.
26. Andrew Jackson's political philosophy was based on his (A) support of a strong
central government. (B) advocacy of the American System. (C) suspicion of a federal
government too remote from the people. (D) opposition to the old antifederalist ideals.
27. Andrew Jackson's inauguration as president symbolized the (A) return of
Jeffersonian simplicity. (B) newly won ascendancy of the masses. (C) supremacy of
states' rights over federal power. (D) involvement of state governments in the economy.
28. The purpose behind the spoils system was to (A) press those with experience into
governmental service. (B) make politics a sideline and not a full-time business. (C)
reward political supporters with public office. (D) reverse the trend of rotation in office.
29. In effect, the Jacksonian principle of "rotation in office" functioned in the same
way as (A) "King Caucus." (B) a national nominating convention. (C) nullification.
(D) a spoils system.
30. The spoils system under Andrew Jackson resulted in (A) a clean sweep of federal
job holders. (B) the replacement of insecurity by security in employment. (C) the
destruction of the personalized political machine. (D) the appointment of many corrupt
and incompetent officials to federal jobs.
31. Andrew Jackson's cabinet during his first term was (A) a collection of very talented
men. (B) wrecked by a dispute over the morals of Peggy Eaton. (C) a very effective
political asset. (D) dominated by Henry Clay.
32. The Webster-Hayne debate began over the efforts of (A) the West to abolish
slavery. (B) the South to condemn New England's advocacy of nullification. (C) New
England to try to halt the lavish distribution of western land. (D) southerners to halt the
westward movement of settlers.
33. The Eaton affair's most important political consequence was that it alienated
Andrew Jackson from (A) John C. Calhoun. (B) Martin Van Buren. (C) his Kitchen
Cabinet. (D) the Democratic-Republican party.
34. Andrew Jackson's veto of the Maysville Road Bill was an example of his (A)
strong nationalism. (B) states' rightism. (C) support for western interests. (D) hostility
toward southern interests.
35. The Webster-Hayne debate of 1830 centered on the subject of (A) presidential veto
power. (B) state nullification of federal laws. (C) reform of the scandalous spoils
system. (D) the morality of slavery.
36. The Webster-Hayne debate (A) ended with a clear-cut winner. (B) had little real
influence on the country. (C) resulted in a duel between the two men. (D) ended with
each side satisfied by its champion.
37. The remark, "The Union, next to our liberty, most dear!" was made by (A) Andrew
Jackson. (B) John C. Calhoun. (C) Daniel Webster. (D) Martin Van Buren.
1. The "nullification crisis" of 1832-1833 erupted over (A) banking policy. (B)
internal improvements. (C) tariff policy. (D) public land sales.
2. The strongest regional support for the Tariff of 1833 came from (A) the South. (B)
New England. (C) the middle Atlantic states. (D) the West.
3. In response to South Carolina's nullification of the Tariff of 1828, Andrew Jackson
(A) hanged several of the nullifiers. (B) dispatched modest naval and military forces to
the state while preparing a larger army. (C) asked Henry Clay for help. (D) said nothing
about nullification.
4. The nullification crisis started by South Carolina over the Tariff of 1828 ended
when (A) Andrew Jackson used the court system to force compliance. (B) the federal
army crushed all resistance. (C) Congress used the provisions of the Force Bill. (D)
Congress passed the compromise Tariff of 1833.
5. In its fight against the Tariff of 1828, South Carolina (A) received no support from
other southern states. (B) took up arms against the Union. (C) obtained considerable help
from its neighbors. (D) refused Henry Clay's compromise.
6. The nullification crisis of 1833 resulted in a clear-cut victory for (A) South
Carolina. (B) Andrew Jackson and the Union. (C) states' rights. (D) neither Andrew
Jackson nor the nullifiers.
7. Andrew Jackson's veto of the recharter bill for the Bank of the United States was
(A) the first presidential veto. (B) a major expansion of presidential power. (C)
unconstitutional. (D) overturned by a two-thirds vote in Congress.
8. Andrew Jackson based his veto of the recharter bill for the Bank of the United
States on (A) constitutional grounds exclusively. (B) advice from Henry Clay. (C) the
Supreme Court's McCul loch V. Maryland decision. (D) the fact that he found the bill
harmful to the nation.
9. Andrew Jackson made all of the following charges against the Bank of the United
States except that (A) the bank was antiwestern. (B) it was controlled by an elite
moneyed aristocracy. (C) the bank was autocratic and tyrannical. (D) it refused to lend
money to politicians.
10. One of the positive aspects of the Bank of the United States was (A) its officers'
awareness of the bank's responsibilities to society. (B) its preservation of the public trust.
(C) its promotion of economic expansion by making credit abundant. (D) its issuance of
depreciated paper money.
11. While in existence, the second Bank of the United States (A) was the depository of
the funds of the national government. (B) irresponsibly inflated the national currency by
issuing federal bank notes. (C) limited economic growth by extending public credit. (D)
forced an ever-increasing number of bank failures.
12. The Anti-Masonic party of 1832 appealed to (A) the supporters of Andrew Jackson.
(B) American suspicions of secret societies. (C) those who wished to keep the
government from meddling in social and economic life. (D) people opposed to the
growing political power of evangelical Protestants.
13. Innovations in the election of 1832 included (A) direct election of the president. (B)
adoption of written party platforms. (C) election of the president by the House of
Representatives. (D) presidential nominations of "favorite sons" by state legislatures.
14. One of the main reasons Andrew Jackson decided to weaken the Bank of the United
States after the 1832 election was (A) his fear that Nicholas Biddle might try to
manipulate the bank to force its recharter. (B) his desire to halt the rising inflation rate
that the bank had created before 1832. (C) his desire to fight the Specie Circular, which
hurt the West. (D) all of the above.
15. Andrew Jackson's administration supported the removal of Native Americans from
the eastern states because (A) the Indians assimilated too easily into white society. (B)
the Supreme Court ruled in favor of this policy. (C) whites wanted the Indians' lands. (D)
Georgia and Florida tried to protect the Indians and their lands.
16. In their treatment of Native Americans, white Americans did all of the following
except (A) recognize the tribes as separate nations. (B) argue that Indians could not be
assimilated into the larger society. (C) try to civilize them. (D) trick them into ceding
land to whites.
17. In an effort to assimilate themselves into white society, the Cherokees did all of the
following except (A) adopt a system of settled agriculture. (B) develop a written
constitution. (C) become cotton planters. (D) refuse to own slaves.
18. The policy of the Jackson administration toward the eastern Indian tribes was (A) a
war of genocide. (B) gradual assimilation. (C) forced removal. (D) federal protection
from state governments.
19. The costliest Indian conflict in American history involved a war against the
__________ Indians led by __________ (A) Cherokee, Osceola (B) Sac and Fox, Black
Hawk (C) Seminole, Osceola (D) Comanche, Black Hawk.
1. Life on the frontier was (A) fairly comfortable for women but not for men. (B)
downright grim for most pioneer families. (C) free of disease and premature death. (D)
rarely portrayed in popular literature.
2. Pioneering Americans marooned by geography (A) remained well informed. (B)
grew to depend on other people for most of their clothing. (C) abandoned the "rugged
individualism" of colonial Americans. (D) became provincial in their attitudes.
3. In early-nineteenth-century America, (A) the annual population growth rate was
much higher than in colonial days. (B) the urban population was growing at an
unprecedented rate. (C) the birthrate was rapidly declining. (D) the death rate was
increasing.
4. The dramatic growth of American cities between 1800 and 1860 (A) led to a lower
death rate. (B) contributed to a decline in the birthrate. (C) resulted in unsanitary
conditions in many communities. (D) forced the federal government to slow immigration.
5. "Ecological imperialism" can best be described as (A) the efforts of white settlers to
take land from Native Americans. (B) the aggressive exploitation of the West's bounty.
(C) a desire for the United States to acquire California. (D) none of the above.
6. George Catlin advocated (A) placing Indians on reservations. (B) the preservation
of nature as a national policy. (C) continuing the "rendezvous" system. (D) keeping white
settlers out of the West.
7. The influx of immigrants to the United States tripled, then quadrupled, in the
(A) 1810s and 1820s.
(B) 1820s and 1830s.
(C) 1830s and 1840s.
(D) 1840s and 1850s.
8. Ireland's great export in the 1840s was (A) people. (B) potatoes. (C) wool. (D)
whiskey.
9. The Irish immigrants to early-nineteenth-century America (A) tended to settle on
western farmlands. (B) were mostly Roman Catholics. (C) were warmly welcomed by
American workers. (D) identified and sympathized with American free blacks.
10. When the Irish flocked to the United States in the 1840s, they stayed in the larger
seaboard cities because they (A) preferred urban life. (B) were offered high-paying jobs.
(C) were welcomed by the people living there. (D) were too poor to move west and buy
land.
11. When the "famine Irish" came to America, they (A) moved to the West.
(B) mostly became farmers.
(C) moved up the economic ladder quickly.
(D) mostly remained in the port cities of the Northeast.
12. Native-born Protestant Americans distrusted and resented the Irish mostly because
these immigrants (A) were poor. (B) were thought to love alcohol. (C) were Roman
Catholic. (D) frequently became police officers.
13. German immigrants in the early nineteenth century tended to (A) settle in eastern
industrial cities. (B) support public schools. (C) become slaveowners. (D) join the
temperance movement.
14. German immigrants to the United States (A) quickly became a powerful political
force. (B) left their homeland to escape economic hardships and autocratic government.
(C) were as poor as the Irish. (D) contributed little to American life.
15. When German immigrants came to the United States, they (A) mixed well with
other Americans. (B) remained mostly in the Northeast. (C) prospered with astonishing
ease.
(D) dropped most of their German customs.
16. Those who were frightened by the rapid influx of Irish immigrants organized (A)
the Order of the Star-Spangled Banner. (B) the "Molly Maguires." (C) Tammany Hall.
(D) the Ancient Order of Hibernians.
17. The sentiment of fear and opposition to open immigration was called (A) the cult of
domesticity. (B) nativism. (C) Unitarianism. (D) rugged individualism.
18. Native-born Americans feared that Catholic immigrants to the United States would
(A) want to attend school with Protestants. (B) overwhelm the native-born Catholics and
control the church. (C) "establish" the Catholic church at the expense of Protestantism.
(D) assume control of the "Know-Nothing" party.
19. Immigrants coming to the United States before 1860 (A) depressed the economy
due to their poverty. (B) found themselves involved in few cultural conflicts. (C) had
little impact on society until after the Civil War. (D) helped to fuel economic expansion.
20. The "Father of the Factory System" in the United States was (A) Robert Fulton. (B)
Samuel F.B. Morse. (C) Eli Whitney. (D) Samuel Slater.
21. Eli Whitney was instrumental in the invention of the (A) steamboat. (B) cotton gin.
(C) railroad locomotive. (D) telegraph.
22. Most of the cotton produced in the American South in the early nineteenth Century
was (A) produced by free labor. (B) sold to England. (C) grown on the tidewater plains.
(D) consumed by the southern textile industry.
23. The American phase of the industrial revolution first blossomed (A) on southern
plantations. (B) with textile mills. (C) in rapidly growing Chicago. (D) with shipbuilding.
24. As a result of the development of the cotton gin, (A) slavery continued. (B)
American industry bought more southern cotton than did British manufacturers. (C) a
nationwide depression ensued. (D) the South diversified its economy.
25. The basis for modern mass production was the (A) cotton gin. (B) musket. (C) use
of interchangeable parts. (D) principle of limited liability.
26. The early factory system distributed its benefits (A) mostly to the owners. (B)
evenly to all. (C) primarily in the South. (D) to workers represented by unions.
27. Match each individual below with the correct invention.
A. Samuel F.B. Morse 1. telegraph
B. Cyrus McCormick 2. mower-reaper
C. Cyrus Field 3. steamboat
D. Robert Fulton
(A) A-3, B-1, D-2
(B) A-1, B-2, D-3
(C) A-1, C-2, D-3
(D) B-2, C-1, D-1
28. The American work force in the early nineteenth century was characterized by (A)
substantial employment of women and children in factories. (B) strikes by workers that
were few in number but usually effective. (C) a general lengthening of the workday from
ten to fourteen hours. (D) extensive political activity among workers.
29. One reason that the lot of adult wage earners improved was (A) support gained
from the United States Supreme Court. (B) the enfranchisement of the laboring man. (C)
the passage of laws restricting the use of strikebreakers. (D) the enactment of
immigration restrictions.
30. In the case of Commonwealth V. Hunt, the supreme court of Massachusetts ruled
that (A) corporations were unconstitutional. (B) labor unions were legal. (C) labor strikes
were illegal. (D) the Boston Associates' employment of young women in their factories
was inhumane.
31. The "cult of domesticity" (A) gave women more opportunity to seek employment
outside the home. (B) resulted in more pregnancies for women. (C) restricted women's
moral influence on the family. (D) glorified the traditional role of women as
homemakers.
32. Early-nineteenth-century American families (A) were becoming more loosely knit
and less affectionate. (B) were getting smaller. (C) taught their children to be
unquestioningly obedient. (D) usually allowed parents to determine choice of marriage
partners.
33. One of the goals of the child-centered family of the 1800s was to (A) raise children
who were obedient to authority. (B) allow parents to spoil their children. (C) raise
independent individuals. (D) increase the number of children.
34. The effect of early-nineteenth-century industrialization on the trans- Allegheny
West was to encourage (A) specialized, cash-crop agriculture. (B) slavery. (C) selfsufficient farming. (D) heavy industry.
35. With the development of cash-crop agriculture in the trans-Allegheny West, (A)
subsistence farming became common. (B) farmers began to support the idea of slave
labor. (C) farmers quickly faced mounting indebtedness. (D) the South could harvest a
larger crop.
36. The first major transportation project linking the East to the trans-Allegheny West
was the (A) Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. (B) National (Cumberland) Road. (C) Erie
Canal. (D) Lancaster Turnpike.
37. Western road building faced all of the following problems except (A) the expense.
(B) states' rights advocates. (C) eastern states. (D) competition from canals.
38. The major application for steamboats transporting freight and passengers in the
United States was on (A) New England streams. (B) western rivers. (C) the Great Lakes.
(D) the Gulf of Mexico.
39. The "canal era" of American history began with the construction of the (A)
Mainline Canal in Pennsylvania. (B) James River and Kanasha Canal from Virginia to
Ohio. (C) Wabash Canal in Indiana. (D) Erie Canal in New York.
40. Construction of the Erie Canal (A) forced some New England farmers to move or
change occupations. (B) showed how long-established local markets could survive a
continental economy. (C) helped farmers so much that industrialization was slowed. (D)
was aided by federal money.
41. Most early railroads in the United States were built in the (A) North. (B) Old South.
(C) lower Mississippi Valley. (D) Far West.
42. Compared with canals, railroads (A) were more expensive to construct. (B)
transported freight more slowly. (C) could be built almost anywhere. (D) were
susceptible to weather delays.
43. In the new continental economy, each region specialized in a particular economic
activity: the South __________ for export; the West grew grains and livestock to feed
and the East __________ for the other two regions. (A) raised grain, southern slaves,
processed meat (B) grew cotton, southern slaves, made machines and textiles (C) grew
cotton, eastern factory workers, made machines and textiles (D) raised corn, eastern
factory workers, made furniture and tools
44. As a result of the transportation revolution, (A) division of labor became a thing of
the past. (B) New Orleans became an even more important port. (C) each region in the
nation specialized in a particular type of economic activity. (D) self-sufficiency became
easier to achieve for American families.
45 In general, __________ tended to bind the West and South together, while
__________ and __________ connected West to East.
(A) steamboats, canals, railroads
(B) railroads, canals, steamboats
(C) canals, steamboats, turnpikes
(D) turnpikes, steamboats, canals
46. As the new continental market economy grew, an individual households became
increasingly self-sufficient. (B) the home came to be viewed as a refuge from the
workaday world. (C) traditional women's work became more highly valued and
increasingly important. (D) respect for women as homemakers declined.
47. In foreign trade in the early nineteenth century, Americans __________ agricultural
products and __________ manufactured goods and they generally imported __________
than they exported.
(A) imported, exported, less
(B) imported, exported, more
(C) exported, imported, less
(D) exported, imported, more
1. The Deist faith embraced all of the following except (A) the concept of original sin.
(B) the reliance on reason rather than revolution. (C) belief in a Supreme Being. (D)
belief in human beings' Capacity for moral behavior.
2. Deists like Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin endorsed the concept of (A)
revelation. (B) original sin. (C) the deity of Christ. (D) a Supreme Being who created the
universe.
3. By 1850, organized religion in America (A) retained the rigor of colonial religion.
(B) was ignored by three-fourths of the people. (C) had lost some of its austere Calvinist
rigor. (D) had grown more conservative.
4. All the following are true of the Second Great Awakening except that it (A) resulted
in the conversion of countless souls. (B) encouraged a variety of humanitarian reforms.
(C) was not as large as the First Great Awakening. (D) was a reaction against the growing
liberalism in religion.
5. Unitarians endorsed the Concept of (A) the deity of Christ. (B) original sin. (C)
salvation through good works. (D) predestination.
6. An early-nineteenth-century religious rationalist sect devoted to the rule of reason
and free will was the (A) Unitarians. (B) Adventists. (C) Methodists. (D) Mormons.
7. Religious revivals of the Second Great Awakening resulted in (A) little increase in
church membership. (B) the regression of many of the "saved" into their former sinful
ways. (C) surprisingly few humanitarian reforms. (D) all of the above.
8. As a revivalist preacher, Charles Grandison Finney advocated (A) opposition to
slavery. (B) a perfect Christian kingdom on earth. (C) opposition to alcohol. (D) all of the
above.
9. The greatest of the revival preachers of the Second Great Awakening was (A)
Joseph Smith. (B) Horace Greeley. (C) Carl Schurz. (D) Charles G. Finney.
10. The Second Great Awakening tended to (A) promote religious diversity. (B) reduce
social class differences. (C) blur regional differences. (D) discourage church
membership.
11. The Mormon religion originated in (A) Utah. (B) England. (C) the Burned-Over
District. (D) Ireland.
12. The religious sects that gained most from the revivalism of the Second Great
Awakening were the (A) Roman Catholics and Episcopalians. (B) Unitarians and
Adventists. (C) Methodists and Baptists. (D) Congregationalists and Presbyterians.
13. The Second Great Awakening tended to (A) widen the lines between classes and
regions. (B) open Episcopal and Presbyterian churches to the poor. (C) unite southern
Baptists and southern Methodists against slavery. (D) bring the more prosperous and
conservative eastern churches into the revivalist camps.
14. The Mormon religion was developed by (A) Europeans. (B) Brigham Young. (C)
Charles G. Finney. (D) Joseph Smith.
15. Which one of the following is least related to the other three? (A) Brigham Young
(B) William Miller (C) Mormons (D) Salt Lake City
16. One characteristic of the Mormons that angered many non-Mormons was their (A)
highly individualistic life-styles. (B) unwillingness to vote. (C) refusal to take up arms
and defend themselves. (D) emphasis on cooperative or group effort.
17. Many of the small denominational colleges founded as a result of the Second Great
Awakening (A) were academically distinguished institutions. (B) were educationally
anemic with little intellectual vitality. (C) easily gained tax-supported status. (D) offered
a new, nontraditional curriculum.
18. Tax-supported public education (A) existed mainly for the wealthy. (B) was
deemed essential for social stability and democracy. (C) began in the South as early as
1800. (D) provided little opportunity for the poor.
19. In the first half of the nineteenth century, tax-supported schools were (A) chiefly
available to educate the children of the poor. (B) most in evidence in the South. (C)
continuously opposed by wealthy, conservative whites. (D) open only to tuition-paying
children of the well-to-do.
20. Noah Webster's dictionary (A) had little impact until the twentieth century. (B)
helped to standardize the American language. (C) was used to educate nineteenth-century
slaves. (D) came to the United States from Britain in the 1800s.
21. All of the following rationales were used to deny women a formal education except
that (A) learning injured the feminine brain. (B) learning undermined women's health.
(C) education was unnecessary because lyceums provided sufficient learning for girls.
(D) education rendered a young woman unfit for marriage.
22. One of the most prominent groups participating in the reform movements of pre1860 America was (A) women. (B) blacks. (C) Native Americans. (D) none of the above.
23. Women became involved in the reform Campaigns of the 1800s because these
activities provided all of the following except (A) the opportunity to escape the confines
of the home. (B) an entrance into the public arena. (C) a means of finding a suitable
husband. (D) a way to improve the world in which they lived.
24. New England reformer Dorothea Dix is most notable for her efforts on behalf of
(A) prison and asylum reform. (B) the peace movement. (C) the temperance movement.
(D) abolitionism.
25. The excessive consumption of alcohol by Americans in the 1800s (A) stemmed
from the hard and monotonous life of many. (B) did not involve women. (C) held little
threat for the family because everyone drank. (D) had little impact on the efficiency of
labor.
26. Sexual differences were strongly emphasized in nineteenth-century America
because (A) frontier life necessitated these distinctions. (B) men were regarded as
morally superior beings. (C) it was the duty of men to teach the young how to be good,
productive citizens. (D) the market economy increasingly separated men and women into
distinct economic roles.
27. Women on the frontier were treated better than were women in Europe partly
because (A) they could not vote. (B) the law prohibited men from beating them. (C) there
were so few women there. (D) their ideas of equality were well received by American
men.
28. Neal Dow sponsored the Maine Law of 1851, which called for (A) the abolition of
capital punishment. (B) a ban on war. (C) a ban on the manufacture and sale of
intoxicating liquor. (D) woman suffrage.
29. According to John Humphrey Noyes, the key to happiness is (A) acceptance of a
sinful mankind. (B) the suppression of selfishness. (C) the abandonment of "complex"
marriages. (D) a rejection of Bible communism.
30. The beliefs advocated by John Humphrey Noyes included all of the following
except (A) no private property. (B) sharing of all material goods. (C) belief in a vengeful
deity. (D) abandoning monogamous marriages.
31. The key to Oneida's financial success was (A) its move from Vermont to New
York. (B) the establishment of Bible communism. (C) the manufacture of steel animal
traps and silverware. (D) its tax-exempt religious status.
32. The Oneida colony declined due to (A) its sexual practices. (B) a decline in animal
trapping. (C) their adoption of capitalism. (D) all of the above.
33. By the 1850s, the crusade for women's rights was eclipsed by (A) the temperance
movement. (B) the "Lucy Stoners." (C) abolitionism. (D) prison reform advocates.
34. The American medical profession by 1860 was noted for (A) its still primitive
standards. (B) having abandoned the practice of bleeding. (C) its discovery of germs as
the cause of illness. (D) pioneer work in dentistry.
35. Most of the utopian communities in pre-1860s America held __________ as one of
their founding ideals. (A) rugged individualism (B) cooperative efforts (C) capitalism (D)
opposition to communism
36. Of the following, the most successful of the early-nineteenth-century
communitarian experiments was at (A) Brook Farm, Massachusetts. (B) Oneida, New
York. (C) New Harmony, Indiana. (D) Seneca Falls, New York.
37. When it came to scientific achievement, America in the 1800s was (A) a world
leader. (B) a nation from which other countries borrowed. (C) most noted for its
successes in medicine. (D) more interested in practical matters.
38. Match each individual below with the correct description.
A. Louis Agassiz
1. author of Birds of America
B. Gilbert Stuart
2. portrait artist
C. John 3. Audubon
3. romantic novelist
4. Harvard biologist
(A) A-3, B-2, C-4
(B) A-4, B-3, C-1
(C) A-2, B-i, C-3
(D) A-4, B-2, C-1
39. America's artistic achievements in the first half of the nineteenth century (A) were
remarkable for their creativity. (B) figured least in architecture. (C) built on the
achievements of the Puritans. (D) took very little from Europe.
40. The Hudson River school excelled in the art of painting (A) portraits. (B)
landscapes. (C) animal life. (D) daguerreotypes.
41. A genuinely American literature received a strong boost from the (A) wave of
nationalism that followed the War of 1812. (B) writing of Charles Wilson Peale. (C)
religious writings of the Second Great Awakening. (D) none of the above.
42. Match each writer below with his work.
A. Washington Irving
1. Walden
B. James Fenimore Cooper
2. Leatherstocking Tales
C. Ralph Waldo Emerson
3. The Sketch Book, with "Rip Van
Winkle"
4. The American Scholar
(A) A-1, B-2, C-3
(B) A-3, B-2, C-4
(C) A-2, B-3, C-i
(D) A-3, B-1, C-4
43. Transcendentalists believed that all knowledge came through (A) the writings of
John Locke. (B) the senses. (C) observation. (D) an inner light.
44. All of the following influenced transcendental thought except (A) German
philosophers. (B) Oriental religions. (C) Catholic belief. (D) individualism.
45. "Civil Disobedience," an essay that later influenced both Mahatma Gandhi and
Martin Luther King, Jr., was written by the transcendentalist (A) William Cullen Bryant.
(B) Ralph Waldo Emerson. (C) James Fenimore Cooper. (D) Henry David Thoreau.
46. The Poet Laureate of Democracy, whose transcendentalist writings exposed his love
of the masses and enthusiasm for an expanding America, was (A) Edgar Allan Poe. (B)
Nathaniel Hawthorne. (C) Walt Whitman. (D) Herman Melville.
47. The most noteworthy southern novelist before the Civil War was (A) William
Gilmore Simms. (B) John Greenleaf Whittier. (C) James Russell Lowell. (D) Oliver
Wendell Holmes.
48. One American writer who did not believe in human goodness and social progress
was (A) James Russell Lowell. (B) Henry David Thoreau. (C) Henry Wadsworth
Longfellow. (D) Edgar Allan Poe.
49. Match each writer below with his work.
A. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
B. Edgar Allan Poe
C Nathaniel Hawthorne
D Herman Melville
1. The Scarlet Letter
2. Moby Dick
3. "Hiawatha"
(A) A-3, B-2, C-1
(B) A-1, B-3, D-2
(C) A-3, C-l, D-2
(D) B-2, C-1, D-3
50. Virtually all the distinguished historians of early-nineteenth-century America came
from (A) the South. (B) the middle Atlantic states. (C) New England. (D) the West.