1
Testing the Writing Skills
The writing skills are complex and sometimes difficult to teach, requiring mastery not only of
grammatical rhetorical devices but also of conceptual and judgemental elements.
General components (or main areas) that are tested:
1) Language use: the ability to write correct and appropriate sentences;
2) mechanical skills: the ability to use correctly those conventions peculiar to the written languagee.g. punctuation, spelling;
3) treatment of content: the ability to think creatively and develop thoughts, excluding all irrelevant
information;
4) stylistic skills: the ability to manipulate sentences and paragraphs , and use language effectively;
5) judgement skills: the ability to write in an appropriate manner for a particular purpose, and for a
particular audience, the ability to select, organise and order relevant information.
There are many kinds of writing tests. The reason for this is fairy simple: a wide variety of writing
tests is needed to test the many kinds of writing tasks that we are engaged in. For one thing, there are
usually distinct stages of instruction in writing, such as pre-writing, guided writing, and free writing.
Each stage tends to require different types of evaluation.
Some tasks of testing writing skills
1. Description exercises
 Describing a person/ describing a fictional character
 Describing festivals and ceremonies/ scenes
2. Letter writing
 A friendly letter
 A formal letter/ a formal job application
 Transactional letter -applying for holiday job / making complaints
3. Writing notes and messages
4. Filling in forms
5. Guidelines and instructions
6. Writing reports and reviews / Summarising
7. Writing articles for newspapers and magazines
8. Telling a story / Writing a narrative
9. Writing speeches
10. Translation
11. Advertising
12. Giving opinions / for and against
The heart of writing evaluation in most schools is guided writing, so that will be our main emphasis in
this unit. Writing is a form of communication, just as much as speaking. Always ask yourself the
following questions:
 Who am I writing to? Should I be friendly or formal?
 Why am I writing this- to explain, to persuade, to apologise, to inform, to amuse, to give facts?
 What effect do I want to have on the person who reads this?
 What style do I need to use to achieve this effect?
 Should the text be formal or informal?
 What sort of layout should I use?
1. Description exercises
 Describing a person/ describing a fictional character/ biography
Focus on describing people (Plan):
 Introduction  why you know the person, e.g. friend, relatives...., how you met, how long
you’ve known each other
 Appearance  how he/she/they look(s)
 Character  good /bad points about the character, how he/she/they behave(s), his/her/their
temperament
2
 reasons for liking/disliking
 his/her/their job, interests, hobbies,
 Conclusion / Final comments  what other people think of her/him/them, your feelings now
Writing a personal profile (plan):
Brief summary of life  Childhood/teenage years  First success  Family life 
Development of career Conclusion
Tasks: 1) Describe your best friend or write an article for a class magazine «The person I most
admire».
2) Write about possible people for this year’s title «Personality of the Year».They can be from
the world of politics, entertainment , sport, the arts or business. Write about reasons why
you think he/she deserves the title.
3) Write a letter to a person you don’t know , asking him/her to meet you at the station, and
giving a description of yourself.
4) Imagine you recently spent an evening with one of your favourite characters from fiction
(book or film). Write a letter to a friend describing how you met the character, his/her own
appearance, personality and interests.
5) Describe your ideal home / room / your new school /a place of work.
6) As part of a ‘witness observation test’, you were shown a reconstruction of a bank robbery
on television. Write a description of the three ‘bank robbers’ (two men and a woman) as
the police.
4) Describe any exciting sporting event you have taken part in or attended as a spectator.
 Describing festivals and ceremonies/ scenes (plan):
Name of festival Preparations  Costumes  Food  The day’s events 
Evening activities  Events for the children  Other details
Introduction /Setting the scene
First Impression
Tasks:
Sights and sounds
People
The scene later on
1) An English -speaking magazine is running a competition. The winning text will be
printed in next month’s issue. The title is: ‘Describe a popular festival/carnival in your
country’. Add some photographs too.
2) Describe a ceremony you’ve attended, such as a wedding.
2. Letter writing ( a friendly letter, a formal letter/ a formal job application, transactional letter
applying for holiday job / making complaints)
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A letter usually contains the following stages:
opening (Dear X,)

reasons for writing

development

closing remarks

signature
You should use at least one paragraph for each of the stage.
A Letter of Application (plan):
Reasons for writing Your personal details Current course of study/current job
Relevant job experience Hobbies and Interests where relevant Why you want
a job  Suitability for job/ availabilityClosing remarks
A Letter of Complaint (plan):
Reasons for writing /place and date of the eventContext of complaintAction wanted
Tasks: 1) You’re spending three months abroad. Write a letter to an English-speaking friend
telling him/her about your experiences.
2) Write a letter to an English-speaking friend inviting him/her to come to your house and
have a holiday with you. Tell him/her about the local countryside, and the people. Suggest
how you could spend the time together.
3) You have just come back from a holiday abroad. You are going to write a letter
complaining about what went wrong on the holiday and asking for a refund of some of the
money you paid or another holiday.
4) You have been sent a gift for Christmas but there is something wrong with it. Write to
the shop to complain. First make a plan of what you are going to write.
5) While staying at a large hotel you lost something valuable. Write a letter to the hotel
manager, describing what you lost and where you might have left it.
6) You are thinking of volunteering to work in Treetops National Park for a week next
summer. Write a letter to a warden, giving a brief description of yourself and asking for
more information.
7) You are considering going to an American university to continue your studies. Write a
letter to your nearest American Embassy requesting information regarding entrance
requirements, specialist courses, methods of payment, etc.
1. Writing notes and messages
Remember that when writing notes we frequently leave out pronouns, articles, prepositions, and
occasionally verbs. We can also use abbreviations.
Tasks: 1) An English-speaking friend is coming round to see you this evening but you’ve been
asked to go and babysit at short notice. Leave a message for your friend telling her
where you are and inviting her to go round.
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2) You’re on a language course in Britain but one day you are ill and can’t attend school.
Write a note for the teacher which a friend can take for you.
3) The TV isn’t working . You’ve phoned the repairman and he’s coming this afternoon
while you’re out. Leave a note for your mother, asking her to stay in for his call.
4) You are ill in bed with flu. Write a note to your English teacher. Explain that you can’t
come to class for a few days. Say you would like to do some homework while you are
away. Ask your teacher to tell a friend in your class what you should do.
4. Filling in forms
Job Application Form:
Personal:
Full name.......................
Home address...............Telephone....................Work address...........
Date of birth.................Status............... Health........... Interests..............
Education:.........................
Qualifications:....................Languages:.............
Present employment:................ Previous employment:.....................
5. Writing reports and reviews
Writing Reviews (plan):
Introduction /Background  Plot  General comments  Recommendation
Task: 1) Write a review of a film / book you’ve seen / read recently.
6. Writing articles for newspapers and magazines
Summary of story  Expansion Comments from spokesman

Reference to future developments
The place/date  Who was involved  Background details  Result
Tasks: 1) You’re a news reporter for a popular newspaper. You’ve been sent to cover a
serious accident . Write an article for your newspaper.
2) Write an account of an incident/accident which has happened to you or someone you
know.
Say when and where the incident/accident took place , who was involved and what they
were doing at the time.
7. Writing a narrative
Writing a story (plan):
Introduction Background  Events  Result /Sequel Conclusion
Tasks: 1) You’ve been asked to write a story for your English class magazine. Possible titles are:
‘ The most exciting meeting/experience/event of my life’(it may be pleasant or
unpleasant)
2) Describe one day in your life that you will never forget , either because it was so
marvellous or because it was so awful.
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3) This is the last sentence of a story: «That was the last time she ever saw him». Write the
story that led up to it.
4) Write an account of a day or a weekend that changed your life.
5) Write an article for a magazine in which you describe your memories of being seven
years old.
8. Writing speeches
Introduction/ Welcome Body of speech  Conclusion/ best wishes for the future/ toast
Tasks:
1) You’ve been asked to give a talk to a local English-speaking club on a subject which
interests you (a hobby, a charity, some organisations or problems).
2) Two English-speaking friends have come to spend some time with you and you’ve
taken them to school/college with you for a day. Write what you say as you show
them around.
3) A sports club of which you are a member has been invited to another club to a oneday meeting. After the events have taken place, the two teams sit down to a meal
together , and you have been asked to give a vote of thanks to your host team. Write
what you would say.
4) You are renting your apartment for a week to an English -speaking family you know.
Write what you would say (pointing out, for example, how to use various pieces of
equipment) as you show them round the kitchen and living-room.
9. Advertising
Tasks: 1) You have lost something valuable. Write an advert for the ‘Lost and Found’ column of
an English-speaking newspaper.
2) You are looking for a pen-friend. Write an advert for the ‘Personal’ column of an
international magazine describing yourself / your interests.
3) You want to sell something (a car....). Write an advert for the newspaper describing
your thing/ conditions/reasons for selling.....etc.
10. Giving opinions / for and against
Stating an Opinion
(plan):
Introduction/Stating the problem Your personal opinion and reasons for it  Other people’s
arguments and why they are wrong  Conclusion /Restatement of your view
For and Against (plan):
General statement of the problem/current situation Points for Points against  Conclusion
Tasks: 1) You have to write a ‘For and Against’ article for an English language magazine.
Choose
one of the topics: ‘Living in the city and in a small town’, ‘Single-sex schools- are they
good for our children?’, ‘Advantages and Disadvantages of having a computer / a
television at home’.....
2) ‘Is it a good idea for a couple to live together before they marry?’ Write a short article
for a magazine giving your views .
3) In the future , we shall probably have ‘videophones’. (A videophone is a telephone
which will allow speakers to see each other.)Would you have one? What advantages
and disadvantages can you forsee?
4) It has been said in Russia in recent years that parents expect too much of schools and
they (the parents) should contribute more to their children’s education. What do you
think?
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5) Sometimes three generations with very different attitudes and lifestyles live together in
one family home. What are some possible problems, and what can be done to keep
them to a minimum?
In addition to skills, grammar and vocabulary work, and the use of practice tests , there are other
approaches to exam preparation which will help to motivate students and make them more effective
learners.
Sources
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Bernard Seal Vocabulary Builder 1,2. Longman
Classroom Testing. J.B.Heaton. Longman 1991
Communicative Language Testing. Cyril J.Weir. Prentice Hall International 1990.
Keep Talking. Friederike Klippel. Cambridge University Press 1984
Listening in Action. Michael Rost. Prentice Hall 1991.
Making the most of your textbook. Neville Grant. Longman 1992
New Discoveries. Brian Abbs, Ingrid Freebairn. Longman 1999. (Students’ Book-2, Teacher’s
Book)
8) New Discoveries. Steve Elsworth. (Activity Book-2) Longman
9) Pitman Exams ESOL (Practice Tests). Felicity O’Dell. Longman 1992.
10) Practice Writing. Mary Stephens.Longman 1998
11) Practice advanced Writing. Mary Stephens. Longman 1995
12) Project English-2. Tom Hutchinson. Oxford University Press.
13) Resource Books for Teachers. Series editor Alan Maley. Class Reader. Jean Greenwood. Oxford
University Press 1992.
14) Resource Books for Teachers. Series editor Alan Maley. Exam Classes. Peter May. Oxford
University Press 1996.
15) Start Testing Your Vocabulary. Peter Watcyn. Jones Penguin English.
16) Target Vocabulary. Peter Watcyn Jones. Penguin Books 1994
17) Teaching Listening Comprehension. Penny Ur. Cambridge University Press 1992
18) Techniques in Testing. Harold S.Madsen. Oxford University Press 1983.
19) Test Your Vocabulary-2. Peter Watcyn. Jones Penguin English.
20) Trio-2. Paul Radley, Alan Sharley with Liz Driscoll. Heinemann 1987. (Students’ Book,
Teacher’s Book, Practice Book)
21) Writing English Language Tests. J.B.Heaton. Longman 1990
Transactional Letters
1. Asking for information ( a holiday, an English course)
Exam Tips:
To pass the exam , you must include all the necessary information given in the exam question. A letter
written in very good English, but missing some information, will get a lower mark than one which has
mistakes, but all the information.
Useful Vocabulary
Places to stay: bed &breakfast, campsite, caravan, guest house, top-class hotel
Hotel facilities: beauty salon, gym, lift, room service, sauna, tennis court, swimming pool
Activities: buying souvenirs, diving, sunbathing, sailing, surfing, sightseeing, skating, ........
Introduction
 I’m writing to enquire........
 I’m writing in response to.../ ...for information about.../...to ask whether...
 With reference to your advertisement in.... (the title of the newspaper...), I am writing to ask for
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more information about.......
Asking for information (Main body)
 I would like some more information about....
 First of all, I would like to know if........
 I would be grateful if you could give me some information about.../ ...if you could tell me..../ ...if
you could send me this information ( details of the courses you offer) as soon as possible
 Could you give me some more information about...?
 I would also like to know if there is.........
 Let me know how much it costs, could you?
 Can/Could you tell me how many people will be in the group?
 Would it be possible to add......?( another name to the list of participants)
 I would like to know whether/if we can hire the rooms for the whole weekend..
 Finally, I would like to know if.../where.../what/...
Conclusion
1) Thanking you for your help in this matter
2) I look forward to hearing from you
3) I look forward to receiving your reply
4) I hope to hear from you soon
2. Giving information
Introduction
 I am writing to let you know about.....
 I have managed to get some information about...
 I am writing to tell you the possibilities for....
Conclusion
 Write back and let me know what you think is best
 Write and tell me your decision
 Write back and let me know what you have decided
№
Что требуется
анкете
1
Полное
name
2
Домашний адрес /
Home address
имя
в
/Full
Рекомендации
Пишется сначала имя, потом фамилия.
Отчество можно не указывать, если оно не
выделено в специальную графу.
 В принятом в Великобритании порядке:
номер квартиры, корпуса, дома, улица,
почтовый индекс, страна
 Слова Flat, Block, Street, Avenue, Prospect
пишут с заглавной буквы
 Можно пользоваться общепринятыми
сокращениями, которые тоже пишут с
заглавной буквы.
Примеры
Tamara (Alexandrovna) Kovalenko
Flat 29 Block 1
20 Sofiyskaya St
St Petersburg 197025
Russia
Fl, Apt, St, Ave, Pr
8
3


Дата / Date

4

Школа / School

5
Школьные
предметы / School
subjects
Можно писать цифрами или буквами
Названия месяцев пишут с заглавной
буквы
В зависимости от задания (адресата)
можно писать британский вариант: дата/
месяц/ год или американский вариант
: месяц / дата / год
Слова “School / Gymnasium” пишутся с
заглавной буквы.
Знак «номер» может быть британским или
американским в зависимости от задания.

British: 4 January 1999
4 Jan
1999
4th Jan
1999
4/1/1999; 04/01/1999
4-1-1999; 04.01.1999
American: January 4, 1999
Jan 4,1999;
Jan 4th 1999
1/4/1999; 01/04/1999; 1-4-1999;
01-04-1999; 01.04.1999
School # 102
Gymnasium Nо 105
# 102 (AE)
Nо 105 (BE)
Названия языков всегда пишутся с
заглавной буквы
 Названия отдельных предметов можно
писать как с заглавной, так и с маленькой
буквы
Английское слово “Nationality” соответствует
русскому
слову
«гражданство»
и
не
предполагает
указания
этнической
принадлежности учащихся
French, English
History, Russian, Maths
history, russian, maths
Russian
Russia
Russian Federation
6
Гражданство
Nationality
7
Религия /Religion
Название религии пишут с заглавной буквы
Orthodox / Catholic / Muslin/
Protestant/ Buddhist/ Jewish/ none
8
Место рождения /
Place of birth
Географические названия пишут с заглавной
буквы. Соблюдается общий принцип в порядке
написания от меньшего к большему: город 
страна
Деревня область страна
St Petersburg, Russia
При ответе используют существительные и
герундий
History, cooking, travelling
/
Utkino Village,
Jaroslavl Region,
Russia
Male/ Female; M/F; m/f
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Пол / Sex
1
0
Интересы
и
увлечения
Hobbies and Interests
№
1
Что требуется
письме
Адрес
2
Дата
Под адресом дата (пропустив строку)
3
Обращение
Письмо начинается с обращения, после
которого ставят запятую. (с новой строки,
пропустив строку)
Dear Sally,
Dear Mr Brown,
My darling,
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Начало письма
В начале письма автор обычно
 Благодарит
адресата
за
полученную корреспонденцию
Thanks for…, Many thanks for…, How
nice of you …, I was awfully glad to
в
Рекомендации
Примеры
Адрес пишущего указывается в правом
верхнем углу
ранее
2 Victoria street
Oxford
OX2 006
Saturday, March 1st, 1999
9 September 1999
9
get your letter…

Извиняется, что не писал раньше
I must apologise for not writing…,
I really should have written sooner….
5
Основная
письма
часть
6
Конец письма
7
Завершающая фраза
письма
8
Подпись автора
В ней должны быть раскрыты все аспекты,
указанные в задании. Каждый параграф
пишут с новой строки, пропустив строчку.
В конце письма автор упоминает о
дальнейших контактах. (с новой строки,
пропустив строку)
Эта фраза зависит от степени близости
автора и адресата, после неё всегда
ставится запятая. (с новой строки,
пропустив строку)
Личные письма подписывают без указания
фамилии (с новой строки, пропустив
строку)
I’ll write again soon.
Looking forward to seeing you.
Hope to hear from you soon.
I love you so much,
Lots of love,
Much love,
Best wishes,
All the best,
Yours…..,
Sally
David
2 Victoria Street
Oxford
OX2 006
January 1st
Dear Sally,
Thank you for your lovely birthday card, I have not written sooner as I wanted to invite you round and
would never find a suitable time.
We are having a small party next Friday night to celebrate Tony’s return from Canada , and we would be
very happy if you and Simon could join us, around 8 p.m.
Do come if you can.
Looking forward to seeing you.
Yours,
Margery
Рекомендации к написанию сочинений.
I. Типы сочинений:
1. Дискуссионные сочинения (Discursive / Argumentative essays)
 For and Against essays («за» и «против»)
 Opinion essays (выражение мнения)
 Providing solutions to problem essays (решение проблемы)
 Discursive essays( аспектно -дискуссионные сочинения)
2. Описательные сочинения ( Descriptive essays)
 Describing people
 Describing places and buildings
 Describing events and festivals
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
Describing objects
II. Советы к написанию сочинений.
1. Discursive / Argumentative essays
Содержание
Введение
В котором вы
знакомите с
обсуждаемой темой
в самых
общих чертах, не излагая своего
мнения по данному вопросу
Основная часть
2-3
параграфа,
излагающие
доводы «за» и «против» с вашими
комментариями по
каждому
доводу
Заключение
Ваше мнение по обсуждаемому
вопросу или вывод, сделанный на
основе изложенных соображений
Способы реализации- ваше сочинение должно быть интересным
 Сделайте ссылку на необычное и.или оригинальное видение
проблемы
 Задайте читателю прямой вопрос
 Приведите цитату или интересное высказывание






Начинайте каждый параграф с ключевого предложения, раскрывая
суть каждого параграфа
Комментариями могут быть либо примеры либо общие соображения
и аргументы
Если вы к концу основной части склоняетесь к определенному
выводу в пользу «за» или «против», то выделите свои аргументы в
отдельный, предпоследний параграф, логически переходящий в
заключение
Выразите свое личное мнение
Предложите идею или риторический вопрос для дальнейшего
обдумывания
Приведите цитату или высказывание , суммирующее ваши
рассуждения
Useful Vocabulary ( For and Against Essays)
Вводные фразы, излагающие преимущества либо
недостатки, точки зрения «за» и «против»
Фразы, характеризующие «+» и «- » аспекты
обсуждаемой проблемы, в порядке их значимости
Фразы, добавляющие новые аспекты обсуждаемой
проблеме
Фразы, выражающие
высказывание
причины,
уточняющие
Фразы, подчеркивающие контраст, связывающие
различающиеся идеи
Фразы, приводящие
аргументацию
Заключительные фразы
пример,
доказательство,



















The best/worst thing about……is…
One major advantage/disadvantage of…
The main drawback of…
One point of view in favour of / against…
In the first place……….. First of all………
To start / begin with………
Secondly…, Thirdly…….., Finally……
Last, but not least…….
Furthermore / Moreover / What is more….
As well as…… In addition to this / that…..
Besides /
Also…….
Apart from this / that…….. Not to mention……….
Because…….., The reason why…. is that……..
What I like/dislike about….is……
This would mean………
By doing this……….
As a result of this……..
However, On the other hand….
In spite of / Despite… Even though / Although…….
Nevertheless , Otherwise , Yet…….


For example / For instance………
Such as,
Like,
Especially,


In conclusion / On the whole , To sum up,
All in all, All things considered,
In particular
11

To put it in a nutshell, etc.
























I think………I believe……. In my opinion……
In my view… The way I see it…..
It seems to me (that)……….
As I see it……..
I doubt whether………
In the first place………..
First of all………
To start / begin with………
Secondly…, Thirdly…….., Finally……
Last, but not least…….
Furthermore / Moreover / What is more….
In addition to this / that…..
Besides /
Also……. Apart from this / that……..
Not to mention the fact that……….
Because…….., The reason why…. is that……..
What I like/dislike about….is……
This would mean……….
By doing this……….
As a result of this……..
It is argued that….. People argue that……
There are people who oppose……..
Contrary to what most people believe………
Opponents of this way say……….
However, On the other hand….
In spite of / Despite……….
Even though / Although…….
Nevertheless , Otherwise , Yet…….
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For example / For instance………
Such as,
Like,
Especially,
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In conclusion / On the whole ,To sum up, All in all,
All things considered, To put it in a nutshell,
Taking everything into account…
Useful Vocabulary (Opinion Essays)
Вводные фразы, выражающие ваше мнение
Фразы, перечисляющие точки зрения и аспекты
обсуждаемой проблемы в порядке их значимости
Фразы, добавляющие новые аспекты обсуждаемой
проблеме
Фразы, выражающие
высказывание
причины,
уточняющие
Фразы, подчеркивающие контраст, связывающие
различающиеся идеи
Фразы, приводящие
аргументацию
пример,
доказательство,
Заключительные фразы
In particular
Useful Vocabulary (Providing solutions to problem essays)
Фразы, перечисляющие ваши предложения
Фразы, выражающие эффект
Фразы, выражающие ожидаемый результат
Фразы, выражающие причину
Фразы, выражающие реальное положение вещей
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In the first place… First of all,,,
To start /begin with…Secondly… Thirdly…
Finally…One way to…
Another solution/way to… would be…
It has been suggested that….
Last, but not least…
and therefore…
and as a result….
and consequently…… so…. as a consequence….
…would be / could be / may be / should be
because of… due to…
owing to…
due to the fact that…
for this reason
In fact…
As a matter of fact….
Actually….
In reality/ practice
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Фразы, добавляющие новые аспекты
Фразы,
особо
подчеркивающие
что-то
в
высказывании
Фразы, приводящие пример, доказательство либо
аргументацию
Заключительные фразы
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Furthermore / Moreover/ What is more……..
In addition to this /that…
Besides/ Also….
Apart from this / that….
Not to mention the fact that…
Obviously…. Clearly…. Needless to say….
No doubt….
In particular
For example / For instance….
Such as…
Like….
Especially / In particular….
In conclusion / On the whole/ To sum up/ All in all
All things considered…
To put it in a nutshell…
Taking everything into account…
1.
Содержание
Descriptive essays (Describing people)
Способы реализации- ваше сочинение должно быть
интересным
Введение
 Сошлитесь на наиболее яркую черту характера
В котором вы знакомите с человеком, объясняя,
 Приведите интересную деталь отношений или
кто он / она и каковы ваши отношения
знакомства
Основная часть
 Напишите об интересном хобби или деле, которому
2-3 параграфа, описывающих возраст, внешность,
человек посвящает свое свободное время
манеру одеваться, что в первую очередь замечаешь
 Все доводы, как «+» , так и «-» , должны быть
в человеке, какое впечатление он / она производит
подкреплены примерами или убедительными
на окружающих
аргументами
Заключение
 Выразите еще раз свое отношение к человеку, но
Вы обобщаете сказанное
другими словами
Useful vocabulary (Describing people)
Фразы,
касающиеся
возраста, внешности,
телосложения,
черт
характера, как «+» так и
«-»
,
а
также
производимого
впечатления
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He/she is in her twentieth/ early/late fiftieth / in her teens…
He/She has got…
He is medium built with pale complexion…
He always wear…
He is the kind of person you can always…
His most striking feature is… The most striking thing about him is…
It seems to me (that) he… He looks as if…
He always /sometimes appears to be…
He gives the impression of being…
What I like /appreciate most about him is…
The best/worst thing about him is…
The reason why I /people like him is…
At first glance he can appear to be very….. but when you get to know him better you
realize that…
Generally he is a kind person, but sometimes he tends to be ………..
I doubt whether……….
Descriptive essays (Describing places/buildings)
Содержание
Введение
В котором вы знакомите с объектом описания
( что это, расположение, размер) и выражаете своё
Способы реализации- ваше сочинение должно быть
интересным
 Приведите интересную деталь вашего знакомства с
местом / зданием или отношения к нему
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отношение к нему
Основная часть
2-3 параграфа, описывающих для чего это место
/здание
используется, как выглядит- особо
приметные черты , какие чувства , атмосферу оно
создает
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Заключение
Вы обобщаете сказанное
Приводите примеры, пользуясь интересными и
эмоциональными фразами
Ссылайтесь на ассоциации и чувства , связанные с
описываемым местом / зданием
Сошлитесь на известное высказывание или
исторический факт
Подчеркните, почему у вас особое отношение к
этому месту/ зданию
Useful vocabulary (Describing places/ buildings)
Расположение
Для
используется
чего
Как выглядит, «+»
прилагательное
Как выглядит «-»
прилагательное
Чувства и атмосфера
 …on the south coast of…/ …on the site of…/ on the outskirts of the town…
 ..on the 5th floor, …centrally located…, out of the way… ,
 in the suburbs…, in the city centre…, in a pedestrian area…,
 …west of the…, not far from the…, quite close to the…, surrounded by…
 with a view of the…, overlooks the…, opposite the …,
 with walking distance of the center…, comfortable for public transport…
 it’s a place where people can….
People can… there
 It offers… the opportunity to…,
It has a wide range of things to look at
 The……..is quite expensive compared with the…
It used to be a …..
 There you have a choice between………and…………
 The leisure facilities are fantastic
Lively, well-organised, picturesque, welcoming, impressive, cosy, specious, friendly,
comfortable, well-maintained…( see Opportunities Upper-Intermediate)
Dull, old-fashioned, chaotic, depressing, sleepy, messy, dirty, untidy, dilapidated…..
( see Opportunities Upper-Intermediate)
 It feels / seems / looks…., It looks as if……. It gives the impression of………..
 You get the feeling / impression that…….. It makes you feel as if……
 Generally… You are made to feel…
There is….
Descriptive essays (Describing Events / Festivals)
Содержание
Введение
В котором вы знакомите с событием / фестивалем,
Объясняя его название, назначение, место и время
проведения, какую роль он играет в жизни людей
Основная часть
2-3 параграфа, описывающих подготовку к
фестивалю и что именно происходит в этот день
(шествия, костюмы, танцы, песни,
соревнования…)
Заключение
Вы обобщаете сказанное, описывая чувства,
связанные с событием/ фестивалем
Способы реализации- ваше сочинение должно быть
интересным
 Сошлитесь на исторический аспект описываемого
события
 Приведи интересные детали возникновения
фестиваля
 Напишите об интересном аспекте подготовки к
фестивалю
 Приведите примеры того, что делает фестиваль
особенным и незабываемым
 Не скупитесь на яркие, описательные
прилагательные, чтобы красочно передать
атмосферу
 Выразите свое / общее отношение к фестивалю и
мысли, которые с ним ассоциируются
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Useful vocabulary (Describing Events / Festivals)
Введение
знакомство
с
событием
Основная часть –
подготовка
к
проведению
события,
деталей
самого
события,
памятных
мероприятий
Заключение
–
чувства
и
ощущения,
ассоциирующиеся с
событием
Описательные
прилагательные,
передающие
атмосферу события
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..takes place in… every year
….is held to remember/ commemorate…
It is customary for…
…usually starts at the end of…
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Prior to the actual event, many people…
Preparations for the …begin months in advance
Paper poppies are sold…
bright costumes are designed……..
On the actual day, war veterans parade…
Hymns are sung, speeches are made…
Exotically dressed dancers compete for prizes…
.. the sounds of traditional Caribbean music fills the air…
Everybody danced far into the night
…is a very important event
We should respect and feel proud of…
Everyone has fun at the …
Lots of people look forward to this most impressive event every year…..
Joyful faces…, Sparkling eyes…, Dazzling fireworks…, Enthusiastic crowd…, Blinding lights…,
Grand occasion…, Most spectacular festival…, Delicious dinner…, Play very significant role…,
Romantic white dress…, Glamorous sight…, Lively music…, Clapping and cheering visitors…
Describing Objects
Задания по описанию объекта обычно предлагаются в виде письма официальным органам по
поводу утерянной вещи, либо в письме другу по поводу подарка, интересной покупки и т.д.
План изложения информации:
1) Что это, как выглядит, для чего используется, мнение о предмете ( useful, handy,
expensive…)
2) Размер и вес ( size / weight)
3) Каков срок использования ( old, new…)
4) Форма-shape (round, square, oval…)
5) Цвет-colour
6) Узор –Pattern (striped, floral…)
7) Где произведен и как попал к вам (origin)
8) Материал –material
9) Чувства, связанные с предметом
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