Math 40 Breed
PROCESS: To add or subtract fractions, you must have the SAME DENOMINATORS. If the denominators are already the same, simply add (or subtract) the numerators & keep the denominator the same in the answer. Don’t forget to reduce your answer to lowest terms. For example:
PROCESS: To add fractions, with different denominators, you must first CHANGE them to the
SAME denominators. Do this by multiplying one or both fractions by the SAME NUMBERS, to increase its value. Then simply add the numerators and any whole numbers separately. Don’t forget to reduce your answer to lowest terms. For example:
3
8
5
12
2
8
1
12
1
8
6
12
1
2
3
8
1
3
3
3
8
8
9
24
8
24
17
24
To subtract fractions with different denominators, first use multiplication to create equivalent fractions with the SAME denominators. Then subtract the numerators first. Subtract any whole numbers second. Keep the denominator he same and simplify the answer.
Sometimes when subtracting you may find you don’t have enough value in the top fraction’s numerator to do the subtraction. When this happens we borrow from the whole number, adding the borrowed whole number to the existing fraction to increase its value.
3
5
4 x
3
3
9
= 5
12
1
4
5 x
3
3
3
= 4
15
+
15
15
18
= 3
15
1
3
6 x
2
2
2
= 3
12
2
1
3 x
5
5
10
= 1
15
1
10
15
7
2
12
8
2
15
Note: When borrowing one from the whole number, it is written as fraction with the same numerator/same denominator (one whole). This whole is then ADDED to the existing fraction to combine the two into a new, improper fraction, which we then use for subtracting.
Math 40 Breed
When multiplying fractions, IT DOES NOT MATTER whether the denominators are the same or different!
However, you cannot multiply mixed numbers – you must change them to improper fractions. Also, you can sometimes use the process called cancellation before multiplying. Using cancellation can save you from having to simplify your answer. To use cancellation, before multiplying, FACTOR all numbers to prime & rewrite the problem. Now cancel any “common factors” shared in ANY numerator with ANY denominator. Multiply any remaining factors to finish and simply your final answer.
Example: 5
5
6 x 2
1
7 x 4
35
6 x
15
7 x
4
1
( 5 )( 7 )
( 3 )( 2 ) x
( 5 )( 3 )
7 x
( 2 )( 2 )
1
5
1 x
5
1 x
2
1
=
50
1
= 50
To divide fractions you must first change any whole or mixed numbers to improper fractions. Then invert (or flip) EVERY fraction that directly follows a division sign. You should then factor each numerator & denominator to prime so you can cancel common factors. Multiply any factors that remain and simplify your answer.
6
3
5
¸
2
1
4
Example:
33
5
¸
9
4
33
5 x
4
9
( 3 )( 11 )
5 x
( 2 )( 2 )
( 3 )( 3 )
44
15
= 2
14
15