4 MB
CURRICULUM
HANDBOOK
2001-2002
4th Med. Timetable - an Overview
Introduction
Dear students,
This handbook has been designed to help you navigate your way
through the 4th medical year course at NUI,Galway. It will be made
available to you in both paper and web based versions. Whilst the
paper based version will remain unchanged throughout the year, the
web based version has the advantage of offering a notice board facility
so the changes to the course can be posted there at short notice. We
hope to offer this service to you throughout the academic year of
2001/2002. We would welcome your feedback on the timelessness
relevance of the notice board.
This handbook is divided into subject related sections. Thus there are
separate sections for Pathology, Bacteriology etc. Each section
includes an outline timetable, lecture schedule, a description of the
assessment procedures including past papers. A reading list and a
statement of educational aims and objectives. This is the first version
of a 4th med handbook covering the entire year. There will be parts of
it that could be improved with your suggestions. Thus we would
welcome any feedback that you may have regarding the
appropriateness, layout and the content of this handbook.
Dr. Peter Cantillon
Department of Medical Informatics &
Medical Education,
Clinical Science Institute,
NUI,Galway.
E-mail: mime@nuigalway.ie
2
Curriculum Map for 4th, 5th & 6th Medical Years :
(A Direction Finder)
1st Term
(September - December
Pathology
Bacteriology
Med. Informatics
Clin. Attachment in
Med/Surgery
FIFTH MEDICAL
1st Term
(September - December
Paediatrics
Psychiatrics
Gen. Practice
Ophthalmology
Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
Obstetrics & Gynaecology
1st Term
(September - December
Medicine
Surgery
Clin. Attachment in
Medicine/Surgery
Radiology/
Anaesthetics
Tutorials in Obstetrics &
Gynaecology
FOURTH MEDICAL YEAR
2nd Term
(January - March)
Pathology
Bacteriology
Med. Informatics.
Clin. Attachment in
Med./Surgery
3rd Term
(April - June)
Social + Preventive
Medicine
Forensic Medicine
Dermatology
Radiology
Anaesthetics
Legal Medicine
Human Rights
Medical Ethics.
YEAR (7 Week Blocks in major specialities)
2nd Term
3rd Term
(January - March)
(April - June)
Paediatrics
Paediatrics
Psychiatrics
Psychiatrics
Gen. Practice
Gen. Practice
Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology
Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Obstetrics & Gynaecology
SIXTH MEDICAL YEAR
2nd Term
(January - March)
Medicine
Surgery
3rd Term
(April - June)
Medicine
Surgery
Clin. Attachment in
Medicine/Surgery
Clin. Attachment in
Medicine/Surgery
Tutorials in Obstetrics &
Gynaecology
Tutorials in Obstetrics &
Gynaecology
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Curriculum Map ( A Direction Finder)
Table of Contents
Bacteriology
Lecture & Practical Timetables
Course Description
Course Objectives
Reading List
Useful Web Sites
Student Assessment & Projects
Past Examination Papers
Contact Details for Departmental Staff
Additional Information
Medical Informatics & Medical Education
Lecture & Practical Timetables
Course Description
Course Objectives
Reading List
Useful Web Sites
Student Assessment & Projects
Past Examination Papers
Contact Details for Departmental Staff
Additional Information
Pathology
Lecture & Practical Timetables
Course Description
Course Objectives
Reading List
Useful Web Sites
Student Assessment & Projects
Past Examination Papers
Contact Details for Departmental Staff
Additional Information
Medicine
Lecture & Practical Timetables
Course Description
Course Objectives
Reading List
Useful Web Sites
Student Assessment & Projects
Past Examination Papers
Contact Details for Departmental Staff
Additional Information
4
Page
2
3
4-5
6
7-8
9
9
10
10
11
12-13
14
15
16
17-19
20-22
23
24
24
25
26-38
39
40
41
42-47
48
49
50
51
52-53
54-60
61
62
63
64-66
67
67
68
68
69
70
71
72
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
(CONT.)
Surgery
Lecture & Practical Timetables
Course Description
Course Objectives
Reading List
Useful Web Sites
Student Assessment & Projects
Past Examination Papers
Contact Details for Departmental Staff
Additional Information
5
73
74-76
77
77
78
78
79
80
81
82
DEPARTMENT OF
BACTERIOLOGY
6
LECTURE & PRACTICAL TIMETABLES
MICHAELMAS TERM
Lecture/Practical
Lecture
Date/Time
Tuesday 2.00 - 4.30
p.m.
Wednesday 9.0010.00 a.m.
Venue
Large Lecture Theatre
Small Lecture Theatre
Lectures will commence on September 18th 2001.
Lecture topics listed hereunder may be subject to change.
SEPTEMBER
OCTOBER
NOVEMBER
DECEMBER
Infection Associated with Anaerobic
Bacteria/Practical Virus
Classification/Practical
Immunology 3
Hepatitis Virus/Practical
Bacteriology of Respiratory Tract
Tuberculosis/Practical
Control of Infection
Intrauterine Infection/Practical
Herpes Virus, Cold Sores, Shingles, Glandular
Fever,
Togavirus, Rabies and Related Viral
Agents/Practical
Enterovirus & Related Viruses
Myxoviruses, Influenza, Measles and
others/Practical
HIV Virus
Device related Infections/Practical
Parasitology I
Parasitology 2/Practical
Parasitology 3
Examination (This is part of the 4th
Medical Professional Examination).
7
HILARY TERM
Lecture
Practical
Date/Time
Tuesday 2.00 - 3.00
p.m.
Tuesday 3.00 - 4.30
p.m.
Venue
Small Lecture Theatre
Teaching Laboratory
JANUARY
Exam Review/Practical
Sexually Transmitted Disease
Fungal Infection/Practical
Infection of the Central Nervous System
Compromised Host
Revision 1
Revision 2
Group A & B
Will have two Practicals in January dates to
be assigned.
Will have two Tutorials in January dates to be
assigned
Tutorial - Room 229
Tutorial - Room 346
Groups C & D
Group C
Group D
TOPICS FOR TUTORIALS
1. Gram-Positive Infection
2. Gram-Negative Infection
3. Anaerobe/Wound Infection
4. U.T.I./Sexually Transmitted Infection
8
COURSE DESCRIPTION
The Bacteriology course relates to the causes of infectious disease and
to the systems available for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of
infectious disease. The course also includes basic elements of clinical
immunology relating to immune deficiency and allergy.
COURSE OBJECTIVES
To acquire an understanding of key principles relating to prevention,
diagnosis and treatment of infectious disease (bacterial, viral, fungal
and parasitic), and key elements of clinical immunology.
A clear perspective of what is critically important or urgent in the
prevention and management of infectious disease is of greater
importance than detailed theoretical knowledge.
9
READING LISTS
Author
Mandell
Title
Principles and Practice of Infectious
Disease.
Useful WWW References
1. The Bacteriology Course Notes are available on-line
2. Susceptibility to Infection
See additional web sites in lecture series handout.
10
STUDENT ASSESSMENTS & PROJECTS
3rd Medical Year:
End of Hilary Term
End of Michaelmas Term
Essay 30 marks
Exam 30 marks
4th Medical year
End of year
Written Paper
Practical Exam
Oral Exam
70 marks
40 marks
30 marks
11
PAST EXAMINATION PAPERS
Ollscoil na hEireann, Gaillimh,
The National University of Ireland, Galway
Summer Examination 1999
FOURTH MEDICAL EXAMINATION (PART 1)
BACTERIOLOGY
Professor D.J. Jeffries
Dr. Geraldine Corbett-Feeney
Professor M. Cormican
Time allowed: Three hours
Answer five questions
1.
With respect to Urinary Tract Infection;
(a)
List the common bacterial pathogens
(b)
Indicate the kind of specimen required for laboratory
diagnosis and the process of laboratory diagnosis
(c)
List risk factors for Urinary Tract Infection, with
particular reference to age groups, gender and anatomical
factors.
(d)
What is asymptomatic bacteriuria?
2.
With
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
respect to tuberculosis write short notes on:The organism which causes tuberculosis
Control of the spread of tuberculosis
The laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis
Describe your understanding of the current state of
tuberculosis control in the World.
3.
List the most common bacterial agents associated with
meningitis and briefly describe the clinical features, laboratory
diagnosis and treatment of bacterial meningitis.
4.
In the case of each of the following; name the principle virus
responsible and write a brief note on the virus and diagnosis of the
infection in the clinical laboratory.
(a)
“Cold sore”
(b)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(c)
Influenza
(d)
Glandular fever (also known as Infectious Mononucleosis)
5.
Briefly describe the routine vaccination schedule currently in
place in this country and for each vaccine describe the vaccine with
particular respect to:(a)
Route of administration
(b)
Nature of the vaccine (e.g. toxoid, live attenuated etc.)
12
6.
List the microbial agents (viral and bacterial) which commonly
cause acute diarrhoeal disease. Indicate which ones are
important in this area at present.
In respect of any one of the organisms, describe the route of
transmission, laboratory diagnosis and treatment.
13
CONTACT DETAILS
Department of Bacteriology Staff and Contact Details.
Name
Professor Martin
Cormican
Dr. G. CorbettFeeney
Ms. Victoria
Buckley,
Ms. Mary E.Whelan
Ms. Rosanne
Rafferty.
Title
Professor
Lecturer
Snr.
Technician
Technician
Secretary
Email
martincormican@tin
et.ie
Geraldine.Corbett.fe
eney@nuigalway.ie
victoria.buckley@nu
igalway.ie
---
14
Ext. No.
87-4146
87-4410
87-4572
3488
87-4077
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Department has for sale a booklet that covers all the topics of the
course and is available from the Department on the Second Floor of
the Clinical Science Institute.
15
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL
INFORMATICS & MEDICAL
EDUCATION
16
LECTURE & PRACTICAL TIMETABLES
Health Informatics (and applied statistics): Course Contents
Date
26/9/01
27/9/01
1/10/01
3/10/01
4/10/01
8/10/01
10/10/01
11/10/01
15/10/01
17/10/01
18/10/01
22/10/01
24/10/01
25/10/01
31/10/01
1/11/01
5/11/01
7/11/01
8/11/01
12/11/01
14/11/01
15/11/01
19/11/01
21/11/01
22/11/01
26/11/01
28/11/01
29/11/01
3/12/01
5/12/01
6/12/01
10/12/01
12/12/01
13/12/01
Informatics Lectures
Introduction to new course
Introduction to Biostatistics
Choosing appropriate tests
Data types and Central Ten.
Dispersion + Distribution
Inferential statistics
Chi Square 1
Chi Square 2 applications
Medical decision making 1
Medical decision making 2
Medical decision making 3
Advanced Internet search
Database search 1
Database search 2
Mann Whitney U 1
Mann Whitney U 2
t-test 1
t-test 2
Kruskal - Wallis
Correlation 1
Correlation 2
ANOVA 1
ANOVA 2
Odds Ratio
Regression
Survival analysis
Facts and Prejudice
Nature - medical knowledge
Evidence and scepticism
Critical Appraisal 1
Critical Appraisal 2
Critical Appraisal 3
Critical Appraisal 4
Critical Appraisal 5
17
Study Guide
What is Informatics
Biostatistics
Statistical Tests
Descriptive Stats 1
Descriptive Stats 2
Inferential statistics??
Chi square guide
Chi square guide
Diagnostic process
Heuristics
Bayes Theorem
Finding answers
Framing questions
Using on-line databases
Mann Whitney U
Mann Whitney U
t-test guide
t-test guide
Non parametric tests
Correlation guide
Correlation guide
ANOVA guide
ANOVA guide
Odds Ratio and C/I
Regression guide
Survival guide!
Prejudice guide
Medical knowledge
Scepticism
Surveys
Aetiology/Prognosis
RCTs
Screening and Audit
Qualitative research
Health Informatics: Course Contents (Cont.)
Date
7/1/02
9/1/02
10/1/02
14/1/02
16/1/02
17/1/02
21/1/02
23/1/02
24/1/02
28/1/02
30/1/02
31/1/02
Lectures
Critical appraisal 7
Patient records
Coding patient data
Hospital Info. Systems
Records in primary care
Using info. in practice
Decision support systems
Telemedicine
Imaging in medicine
Telediagnosis
Virtual environments
Informatics and the future
18
Study Guides
Using checklists
Patient records
Coding
HIS
GP systems
How doctors use info
Decision support
Telemedicine
Imaging in medicine
Telediagnosis
VLEs
The future
Practicals
Medical Informatics
Practicals
SPSS Introduction
Description
Descriptive stats
Decision making
Virtual patients
Chi Square
SPSS practical
Advanced Internet Search
Internet/database
No Practical
No Practical
t-Test, Mann U and KW
SPSS practical
Correlation
SPSS practical
ANOVA + Odds ratio
SPSS practical
Regression and survival
analysis
Excel 2
SPSS practical
Telemedicine
Graphs and
advanced Excel
Appraising search
findings
Appraising using
checklists
Telemedicine demo
The Future
“The future” demo
Appraisal 1
Appraisal 2
Revision practical
Revision practical
19
Dates
1st,2nd and 4th
October
8th,9th and 11th
October
15th, 16th and 18th
Oct.
22nd, 23rd and 25th
Oct.
29th, 30th and 2nd
Nov.
5th, 6th and 8th
Nov.
12th, 13th and 15th
Nov.
19th, 20th and 22nd
Nov.
26th, 27th and 29th
Nov.
3rd, 4th and 6th
Dec.
10th, 11th and 13th
Dec.
7th, 8th and 10th
Jan. 2002
14th, 15th and 17th
Jan. 2002
21st, 22nd, and
24th Jan. 2002
COURSE DESCRIPTION
MEDICAL INFORMATICS: WHAT IS THE COURSE ABOUT?
Medical Informatics and Medical Education
Medical Informatics has become an integral part of the medical
curriculum at NUI Galway, based on the following premise:
“To support health care, life-long learning, education, research and
management medical students should be able to at the time of
graduation to utilise biomedical and psychosocial information for:
formulating problems; arriving at solution strategies; collecting and
critiquing and analysing information; taking appropriate action based
on findings and communicating/documenting these processes and
results. (AAMC 2001)
In order that you might achieve this goal we have set you the following
learning objectives. These objectives are derived from those set by the
AAMC. If you read them you will have an understanding of what this
course is about and what you hope to achieve.
Basic competencies
Your first step is to ensure that you have basic computer literacy. We
will assume that you have these basic competencies already. If you
are concerned that you may lack some of these skills, contact Ben
Kanaragatnam for some one to one or small group tuition.
Before you attempt this course you should be able to:







Launch a computer application
Save work to hard, floppy and network drives
Print from a file using both a toolbar shortcut and a print menu
Copy files from one drive to another
Use standard word processing and spread sheet applications
Use e-mail effectively, including sending attachments and
graphics
To access and navigate the world wide web using a web browser
20
Filter, evaluate, and reconcile information, demonstrating the following:
1. Knowledge of the factors that influence the accuracy and
validity of information in general.
2. The ability to discriminate between types of information sources
in terms of their format, authority, relevance and availability.
3. The ability to weigh conflicting information from several sources
and reconcile the differences.
4. The ability to critically review of published research reports.
5. Knowledge of copyright and intellectual property issues,
especially with regard to electronically retrieved materials.
Exhibit good information habits. These reflect attitudes that support
the effective use of information technology, and include:
1. Using multiple information sources for problem-solving.
2. Maintaining a healthy scepticism about the quality and validity
of all information.
3. Making decisions based on evidence, when such is available,
rather than opinion.
4. An awareness of the many ways in which information may
become lost or corrupted and the need to take appropriate
preventative action.
5. The protection and confidentiality of private information
obtained from patients, colleagues and others
Informatics in the clinical setting
It is important that students learn how to acquire information about
patients, make clinical decisions based on the available information and
record the information appropriately. In order that a medical student is
fully prepared for her at clinical role following qualification she should
be able to do the following:
1. Interpret clinical data such as laboratory and X-ray reports
2. Understand the limitations of all forms of investigation.
3. Quantify and communicate the degree of certainty associated
with specific items of scientific and clinical information.
4. The identify and locate, when possible, the crucial pieces of
missing clinical information, and determine when it is
appropriate to act on incomplete information.
5. The students should have a sound understanding of how
electronic records work and are applied in practice.
6. The students should have a good understanding of how doctors
analyse patient data and reach medical decisions. Algorithms,
deduction, pattern recognition etc.
7. Integrate verbal and statistical sources of medical knowledge
with the facts of a specific clinical case.
8. Demonstrate understanding of the place for a decision support
tools into a little practice.
21
9.
10.
11.
Demonstrate an understanding of the relative contribution of
Make critical use of Decision Support, demonstrating
knowledge of the available sources for decisions ranging from
textbooks to on-line databases.
Formulate a treatment plan expressing the relative
certainties of the differential diagnosis.
Express the relative risks and benefits of outcomes and
treatment options.
Communication and Informatics
Doctors must learn how to communicate effectively. Students should
therefore be able to demonstrate the following:
1. The ability to use software to create visual materials that
effectively support all presentations.
2. The ability to create a handout that includes simple graphics
and tables for use in teaching or patient education.
3. The ability to collaborate across multiple sites using electronic
mail, discussion lists, newsgroups, teleconferencing, and related
communication technologies.
Medical Informatics – Statistics course
1. The students should demonstrate an understanding of basic
numerical and statistical concepts
2. The students should demonstrate an understanding of the
difference between descriptive and inferential statistics
3. The students should be able demonstrate proficiency in the
basic statistical skills of informatics:
a. Ability to appraise and synthesise data
b. Ability to analyse data using statistical techniques
c. Ability to use computers to report and present findings
4. The students should have a good understanding of
observational and experimental study designs.
5. The students should demonstrate a basic understanding of how
to conduct an evidence based literature search and how to
synthesise findings into a report or review.
22
Medical Informatics: The methods used to deliver the course
The medical informatics course uses 4 teaching methods, namely
lectures, computer practicals, self paced learning using the WWW and
study guides. There are 72 lectures and 26 discreet practicals. The
practical sessions have been designed to consolidate the knowledge
learned in the lectures. All the lectures (complete with brief
explanatory notes), appear in PowerPoint format on the Medical
Informatics website. The WWW lectures can be used for revision or to
catch up on missed lectures. Each WWW lecture is linked to a study
guide. The study guides are designed to guide your learning about the
topic in question. They include recommended reading, links to other
resources and self test exercises.
We recommend 100% attendance at lectures and practicals. {Failure
to attend < 75% of all lectures and/or practicals will remove your
automatic right to sit the Medical Informatics Spring Examination.}
The WWW lectures and study guides have been designed to
complement rather than replace the lecture and practical course.
Thus a self-paced approach using our WWW resources will not provide
an adequate explanation of the fundamental concepts.
The course is divided into two related sections. The first is about
medical knowledge and information. “How do we as doctors, know
what we know?” It examines how medical information is generated,
stored and managed. The second section examines the concepts of
certainty and precision. It includes epidemiology and statistics. It is
essentially about the examination of medical “truth”.
23
READING LISTS
4MB 2000-2001 – READING LIST
1.
For critical reading and study design read the appropriate
chapters in “How to Read a Paper” by Trisha Greenhalgh: BMJ
Publishing 1997
2.
For Statistics read the appropriate chapters in “Interpretation
and Uses of Medical Statistics” by Leslie E Daly, Geoffrey J
Bourke and James McGilvray: Blackwell Scientific Publications
1991
3.
For Medical Informatics read “ Medical Informatics…the
essentials by F T De Dombal: Butterworth Heinmann, 1996
4.
An alternative and more up to date textbook on medical
informatics is available at:
http://www.mieur.nl/mihandbook/r_3_3/handbook/home.htm
5.
Additional reading material may be given to you at lectures
and/or posted on the Q drive in the “Handouts Folder”
Useful WWW SITES
1. Centre of Medical Informatics- Monash university Melbourne
http://www.med.monash.edu.au/informatics/
2. Medical Informatics short courses-Stanford university- California-U.S.A
http://scpd.stanford.edu/smiseries/med_inf.html
3. Medical Informatics links
http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/mig/resources/
4. Best Health Informatics resources
http://www.meduniv.lviv.ua/inform/links_inform.html
5. Health Informatics world wide
http://www.imbi.uni-freiburg.de/medinf/mi_list.htm
6. The Royal college of Surgeons of Edinburgh
http://www.diploma.rcsed.ac.uk/
24
STUDENT ASSESSMENTS & PROJECTS
Health Informatics: Assessment:
a) Term tests end of Terms 1 and 2. (Extended Matching MCQ on
Informatics and Statistics)
b) Evidence Based Case Report to be completed by the 31/1/2002
c) Final MCQ and Practical OSCE exam in February 2002
The Marks in Health Informatics are distributed as follows:



EB Case Report
Final MCQ
OSCE
50 Marks
50 Marks
100 Marks
CLINICAL SCIENCES IN STITUTE
NUI GALWAY
25
(091) 524411 EXT. 2262
PAST EXAMINATION PAPERS
Department of Medical Informatics and Medical Education
Fourth Medical Year Examination March 8th 2001-02-20
0930-1130
You must answer all parts of all five questions
Each question has several stems indicated by a letter (e.g. a), b) etc.)
Some questions are also divided into sections. Please indicate clearly
in your answer book which section and or stem of the question you
are answering. (e.g. Qu.4, section 2 (b) means your are answering the
second stem in section 2 of the 4th question.)
Dr Peter Cantillon
Dr. David Bullimore
Gloria Avalos
This is a two-hour examination, which means that you
have approximately 24 minutes per question.
26
Question 1. Collecting and interpreting information
Section 1. Audit
a)
b)
c)
d)
8 Marks
Define the term audit
Describe in general terms the purpose of audit
Describe in a few sentences how audit differs from research
Draw a typical audit cycle indicating the key features of the
cycle
Section 2. Designing an audit
12 Marks
Read the following case study. Design an audit to answer the audit
question listed at the end of the case study.
Five GPs in a group practice in Dublin have read the National
Cardiovascular Disease Strategy document and want to audit the
quality of cardiovascular disease prevention provided by their practice.
They decide to look first at the highest risk group (i.e. patients with
existing cardiovascular disease.) They know that both antiplatelet
agents and cholesterol lowering drugs have been shown to reduce
further cardiovascular events in these high-risk patients. They are
also aware that many of the patients are not taking preventative
medication. They decide to carry out an audit of the use of
antiplatelet agents (aspirin etc.) by patients with established
cardiovascular disease. They hope to use the results to plan a
strategy for increasing the use of aspirin (or alternative antiplatelet
agent) by patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease.
Your task is to design an audit cycle (using the steps that you learned
about in your lecture on audit) to answer the audit question above.
Explain your reasoning for each step in the audit cycle.
________________________________
Question 2. Finding information using the Internet 20 Marks
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Define the term “Internet”
What is an Internet Service Provider?
What is an Internet Web Browser?
What is a Search Engine?
Write short notes on the operation and use of three different
types of search engine available for use on the Internet
Explain both the meaning and the use of Boolean Logic in
Internet searches. Illustrate your answer with examples
Explain the difference between Bibliographic and Value-Added
medical databases. Write short notes on the role of each type of
database in providing information for evidence based practice.
Name one example of each type of database
27
Question 3. Screening
20 Marks
Write short notes on the following:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
What is the purpose of screening?
List five of the Wilson and Jungner screening criteria
Explain the relevance of each of the criteria that you have listed
Apply the five criteria that you have listed to the cervical cancer
screening programme. Comment on why cervical cancer
screening meets or does not meet the Wilson Jungner criteria
that you have selected
Explain the terms sensitivity and specificity.
Explain the terms positive and negative predictive value
Question 4
Section 1: Data types
5 Marks
State the level of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval) used in the
following questions taken from a study questionnaire. NB. Do not
attempt to answer the questionnaire!! You are being asked to state
what kind of data (nominal, ordinal, interval) that each question will
produce
a)
How often do you eat fried food?
Daily
4-6 times a week
1-3 times a week
Less than once a week
b)
Do you read food labels?
Yes
No
c)
What is your weight in kilograms?
d)
What is your marital status?
Married
Widowed
Divorced
Separated
Never married
28
e.)
Please indicate your agreement or otherwise with the following
statements
“I think that beef on the bone should be banned”
Strongly disagree
Disagree
No Opinion
Agree
Strongly agree
29
Section 2: Please write brief answers to the following questions:
10 Marks
a) Explain your understanding of when parametric tests should be
used?
b) How do you define the terms mean, mode and median and
standard deviation?
c) The Mann Whitney U is a non-parametric alternative to which
parametric tests?
d) What is the name of the statistical method for comparing three or
more means?
e) What is the meaning of the following correlation coefficients?
a) r = +1
b) r = -1
c) r = 0
Section 3: Skewed distributions
5 Marks
a) Draw by hand a distribution, which indicates positive skew.
b) Indicate where you think the mean, median and mode might lie on
your positively skewed graph
30
Question 5
Section 1: Odds ratio
8 Marks
The following are the results of a case control study looking at the
association between Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and cigarette
smoking.
The results of the Odds Ratio are presented as follows:
Table A
Smokers
NonSmokers
CHD
112
88
No CHD
176
224
Odds ratio = 1.62
Confidence Interval = (1.13 <OR< 2.31)
p-value = 0.0055
a) Write an interpretation of Table A above
b) Write a null hypothesis concerning the above variables.
c) Provide an interpretation for each of the three results listed above
(i.e. for the odds ratio, the confidence interval and the p-value)
d) Explain what is signified by a 95% confidence interval?
Section 2: Parametric tests
6 Marks
Data was collected from women who suffer from hot flushes. The age
of the women in the study was recorded. Look at the two output
tables and answer the questions on the next page.
Table 1
Hot Flushes
Number
women
of Mean
(yrs)
age Standard
Deviation
(yrs)
5.5
3.77
Yes
7
56.6
No
43
58.3
Table 2
a)
Why is the equality of variances calculated?
b)
Do you think that equal variances can be assumed in table
2? Explain your answer with reference to the results.
c)
Write an interpretation of these results
31
Section 3:
6 Marks
A study looking at whether men or women were more likely to have
medical cards produced the following results:
Medical
Card
Yes
No
Count
%
Count
%
Total
%
Gender
Male
42
26%
119
74%
161
100%
Total
Female
91
30%
217
70%
308
100%
133
336
469
a) What type of table is this?
b) What type of data is being presented in this table?
c) What test would you use to demonstrate whether the difference in
medical card ownership between the sexes is significant or not?
d) What is the null hypothesis for this test?
e) If the p-value of this test were = 0.06, what would you conclude
about the null hypothesis.
32
Department of Medical Informatics
and Medical Education
Fourth Medical Year Examination March 15th 2001
0930-1200
You must answer all parts of all ten questions



You must place all your answers in the electronic answer sheet
provided
Save your completed electronic answer sheet onto both the U drive
and one of the floppy discs provided
Submit your floppy disc with your backup answer sheet to the
invigilator before you leave
Ms. Gloria Avalos
Dr. David Bullimore
Dr. Peter Cantillon
Mr. Ben Kanaragatnam
This is a 150 minute examination, which means that you
have approximately 15 minutes per question.
33
Open Excel 1 worksheet.
(20 marks)
The data in the worksheet show the distribution of stay in hospital of
children under 15 with hypertrophy of tonsils and adenoids with
mention of operation in 2 selected hospital groups. (Note: you will
have to copy and paste each group to another worksheet before you
calculate the mean value for each group)
Using the function keys, Auto filter, Copy, Edit, and Paste special
commands,
a) Calculate the mean duration of stay in days per child in the
hospital (include the 2 groups)
b) Calculate the mean duration of stay in days per child in the
hospital for
Group A
c) Calculate the mean duration of stay in days per child in the
hospital for
Group B
Write your findings into the appropriate boxes for answer 1 on your
answer sheet.
1. Open Excel 2 worksheet (20 marks)
Using the data given in the worksheet create a line chart to display
Medical devices yearly sales figures (in £millions) from year 1990-1999
at their two offices.
a) Select chart sub-type: Line to display trend over time or
categories
b) Add a chart title: Galway Medical Devices Sales 19901999
c) Label the Y axis: (£m)
d) Label the X axis: Year 1990-1999
e) Remove the gridlines
f) Add a shadowed legend underneath the chart
g) Display the values on the chart
Copy and paste the line chart into the text box provided for answer 2
on your answer sheet.
Question 3.
1. Breast cancer in men accounts for about 1% of the total breast
cancer incidence. There are concerns that environmental and
occupational factors may be associated with the aetiology of breast
cancer in men. Search the Internet using the search engine
“Excite” to find evidence of either environmental or occupational
factors associated with breast cancer in men. Write down two
environmental factors and list your search strategy in the text box
34
provided.
2. Use the search engine “Google” to find out what the “CONSORT
statement” means in relation to the reporting of the results of
randomised controlled trials.
Write or paste your answer into the text box provided on the
answer sheet.
3. Use the Internet to find out the year and the medical journal in
which the CONSORT statement was first published
4. Use the Internet to find the names of three British Journals that
have endorsed the CONSORT statement
Question 4: Site searching and URLs
a) Look up the National Centre for Health Statistics in the USA Use
the Internet to find answers to the following questions?
 What were the “crude” and “age adjusted” death rates in the
USA in 1998.
 How many Americans died of firearms injuries in 1998
 What were the top 5 causes of death in the USA in 1998. List
them in order of frequency
b) The final section of question 4 is on your answer sheet. You are
asked to identify the constituent parts of a URL or web address.
Type in the empty text boxes provided, the information that the
highlighted portions of the web address in question tells you.
Question 5: Medline Searches
Use the PUBMed version of Medline to do this question

The National Library of Medicine PubMed Medline site has some
definitions of what the term MeSH means. Find one definition.
Copy and paste the first two sentences of the definition here:

Find the MeSH tree for the term hyperthyroidism. Cut and paste
the MeSH tree for Hyperthyroidism and place it in the text box
provided on your answer sheet

The debate about whether MMR vaccine is linked with autism and
crohn’s disease continues to rage. Find 1 article that supports a
link and 1 article that attempts to disprove a link between the
MMR and autism. Select the relevant articles, place them in the
clipboard. When you have assembled one of each copy and paste
the 2 references (do not include the abstracts) from the clipboard to
the appropriate area on your answer sheet.
35
 Question 6: Medline searches using the OVID interface
Use the OVID Medline available from the library for this question.

Dr F B Hannon published two papers over the past decade. Copy
and Paste both references (no abstracts please) onto your answer
sheet.

How many articles on Kaposis sarcoma has RH Phillips, a coauthor in the earlier of the two papers published since 1993

How many articles published between 1997 and 2001 mention
Galway in either their titles or abstracts.

How many articles published between 1993 and 2001 mention
Galway in either their titles or abstracts.
For all statistics questions open dataset - SPSS Exam



This data was collected from 62 patients who have or had stomach cancer.
Please remember this is FAKE data.
Use the application SPSS to answer the following questions.
Question 7: Chi-Square
20 Marks
Looking at the data you may wonder whether there is an association
between gender (gender) and stomach cancer (stomach), the first task
is to run an analysis of Chi-Square.
Steps
1. ANALYZE
2. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
3. CROSSTABS
Please use the variables Gender and Stomach Cancer (stomach)
a) Write a brief interpretation of the results from the contingency
table
b) Write an interpretation of the results from the “Chi-square test
table”, this time include p-values, remember to include the test
that you use
c) Are the Chi-Square assumptions violated? Explain your answer?
d) If assumptions were violated which test could be use instead?
Copy and Paste the output from SPSS and answer all the above
questions in the electronic sheet.
36
Question 8:
20 Marks
Choose the appropriate test to find the difference in the mean rank
between two non-parametric variables “Gradetum” Grade of Tumour
(grade1, grade2, grade3, grade4) and “Gender” (male and female)
a) Write an interpretation of the results
 Express the difference between the two groups in terms of ranking
 Is the difference significant?
b) The Mann Whitney U is a non-parametric test with two groups,
which non-parametric test will you use for more than two groups?
Copy and Paste the output from SPSS and answer all the above
questions in the electronic sheet.
Question 9 ANOVA
20 Marks
This time we are looking for the mean difference between the three
different treatments of stomach cancer “Treatmen” according to age
“Age”, please use ANOVA
Steps
1. ANALYZE
2. COMPARE MEANS
3. One-Way-ANOVA
a) Why do you need to check the Levene’s table of results?
 What decision will you make if p>0.05
 What will be your decision if p<0.05
b) Write an interpretation of the results. Include comments on the
following:
 What is the p-value?
 Is there a difference between means?
 If yes, can you tell in which group the significant difference is?
c) When would you need to use a Post Hoc test?
f) Using the Post Hoc test can you tell in which groups the mean
differs significantly from the others?
Copy and Paste the output from SPSS and answer all the above
questions in the electronic sheet.
37
Question 10: Correlation
20 Marks
We need to know if there is a relationship between patients age “age”
and the size of tumour “tumoursz”
a) Write the null hypothesis
b) Make a scatter diagram, what does the graph tell you?
Steps
1. GRAPHS
2. SCATTER
Please select the appropriate test for this type of data. (You have the
option to select either Pearson’s or Spearman’s.)
In order to measure the strength of the correlation, you need to
analyse the data
3. ANALYZE
4. CORRELATE
5. BIVARIATE
c) Look at the r value and p-value and write an interpretation of
results, please include the direction and the strength of the
relationship.
Copy and Paste the output from SPSS and answer all the above
questions in the electronic sheet.
38
CONTACT DETAILS
Department of Medical Informatics Staff and contact details
Staff member
Gloria Avalos
Peter Cantillon
Ben
Kanagaratnam
Maura Mhic
Iomhair
Course
Bio
Statistics
Health
Informatics
Practical
training
Lecture and
Pract. coord.
E-mail
gloria.avalos@nuigalway.
ie
peter.cantillon@nuigalw
ay.ie
benjamin.kanagaratnam
@nuigalway.ie
Maura.maciomhair@nui
galway.ie
39
Extension
2722
2262
3016
3274
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Attendance
We expect that students will attend at least 75% of all our practicals
and lectures. Failure to do so will mean that the student in question
may not qualify to sit their 4th MB examination in medical informatics.
Student Support
If you are having difficulties with the volume of work in 3rd/4th med.,
or are experiencing problems which are affecting your ability to work,
please take the opportunity to talk to a member of our staff at your
earliest convenience. We can offer a lot of help with time
management, study skills, work planning. We can also direct you to
the appropriate support should you have an emotional or physical
health problem.
40
DEPARTMENT OF
PATHOLOGY
41
LECTURE & PRACTICAL TIMETABLES
The class will be divided into Groups A and B for both Practical and
MCQ Examination Purposes. Your designated group is as follows:
THE CLASS WILL BE DIVIDED INTO GROUPS A AND B FOR BOTH
PRACTICAL AND M.C.Q. EXAMINATION PURPOSES. YOUR
DESIGNATED GROUP IS AS FOLLOWS.
GROUP A
GROUP B
ABD, Rahman S.M.BT
ABDUL, Aziz Mardiana
ABDUL, Jauwad, Hend
Ahmad Rifai, Bin M.F.
Ala, Nazneen K
Allen, Nicholas Mark
Anak, Christopher, B.T.
Beatty, Sharon Ann
Benton, Aoife Danielle
Binti, Ahmad Termizi, M.S.
Bolkim, Darwina Binti
Browne, Ann Michelle
Burke, Aine Carol
Burke, Thomas Ruaidhri
Cafferty, Rachel O.E.
Cairns, Ciarin Aine
Carney, Olivia Mary
Cawley, Derek Thomas
Dinizulu, Habana
Donnelly, Catherine Mary
Gallagher, Margaret Maria
Gannon, Paul Anthony J
Gaolebale, P.Andrew
Harrison, Michael
Hawkins, Finn J
Hegarty, Maeve
Kavanagh, Anna H
Kelly, Yvonne J
Kemple, Peter John
Kerin, Emmet Gerard
Khanji, Mohmed Yunus
Kieran, Elaine Marie
Killeen, Martina Mary
Kyne, Fiona Mary
Lally, Gillian Mary
Larkin, Caroline Marie
Liu, Hsien TZO
Lynch, Deirdre Martina
Lynch, Maeve Fahy
McHale, Sabrina Marie
McMonagle, Caroline A
Madigan, Nicholas Niall
Makgasa, Moneimang
Mat Rani Ghani, M Y
Modongo, Chawangwe
Mohd Abdullah, A.B.
Moloney, Patrick D
Mulkerrins, Lorraine G
Murphy, Lisa Christine
Neylon, Mary Antoinette
Ni Chonchubair, Caitlin M.
O’Brien, Niall Anthony
O’Gorman, Joanne Marie
O’Grady Michael
O’Mahony, Matthias M
O’Malley, Declan
O’Malley, Grainne Marie
O’Neill, Lorraine
Roche, Kate Tunney
Saidha, Shiv
Sainal, Faridatul Amal
Samat, Muttwqillah N.A.
Tully, John Gerard
Walsh, Sinead Mary
Wauchope, Susanne
Yarlagadda, Radhesh
42
4th Medical Year
Systematic Pathology Teaching Programme
Michaelmas Term
SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY TEACHING PROGRAMME
MICHAELMAS TERM 2000
LECTURES:
SMALL LECTURE THEATRE
2.00p.m. - 3.00p.m. Monday
9.00a.m. - 10.00a.m. Tuesday
12.00noon - 1.00p.m. Wednesday
PRACTICALS:
3.00p.m. - 4.30p.m. Monday
10.00a.m. - 11.00a.m. Tuesday
DAY
Monday
DATE
Sept. 24th
Tuesday
Sept. 25th
Wednesday
Thursday
Sept. 26th
Sept. 27th
Monday
Oct. 1st
Tuesday
Oct. 2nd
Wednesday
Oct. 3rd
Monday
Oct. 8th
Tuesday
Oct. 9th
Wednesday
Monday
Oct. 10th
Oct. 15th
Tuesday
Oct. 16th
Wednesday
Thursday
Monday
Oct. 17th
Oct. 18th
Oct. 22nd
Tuesday
Oct. 23rd
TOPIC
Tumours of
Oesophagus and
Stomach
Peptic Ulceration of
Stomach,
NO LECTURE
M.C.Q.
RESPORATORY
TRACT
Pathology of Small
bowel
Pathology of Large
bowel
Inflammatory Bowel
Disease
Alcoholic Liver
Disease
Viral Hepatitis/Liver
Enzymes
Cirrhosis
Gall bladder Disease
and Tumours
Disease of the
Pancreas
NO LECTURE
M.C.Q. - G.I.T.
Disease of the
Glomeruli I
Disease of the
43
Duod
Wednesday
Oct.
Monday
Tuesday
Oct. 29th
Oct. 30th
Wednesday
Thursday
Oct. 31st
Nov. 1st
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Monday
Tuesday
Monday
Nov.
Nov
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Dec.
5th
6th
7th
12th
13th
14th
19th
20th
21st
26th
27th
3rd
Tuesday
Wednesday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
4th
5th
10th
11th
12th
13th
Monday
Tuesday
Jan. 7th
Jan. 8th
Wednesday
Thursday
Jan. 9th
Jan. 10th
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Glomeruli II
Disease of the
Prostate/Tumour
Markers
(2 hour lecture
11.00a.m. - 1.00 p.m.)
BANK HOLIDAY
Tumours of Kidney
and of the Urethelium.
NO LECTURE
M.C.Q. - BILARY
TRACT
Pyelonephritis
Haematology
Haematology
Haematology
Haematology
Haematology
Haematology
Haematology
Haematology
Haematology
Haematology
Histopathology of
Lymphoma
Uterus/Cervix
Ovaries
Breast
Testis
NO LECTURE
M.C.Q. - KIDNEY
24th
Skin
Rheumatoid
Disease/Osteoarthritis
NO LECTURE
M.C.Q. HAEMATOLOGY
Meningitis
Trauma
Stroke
Thyroid
Adrenal
Parathyroid
Gland/Calcium
metabolism
14th
15th
16th
21st
22nd
23rd
44
March 1st Week - 4th Medical Pathology Examination
AUTOPSY ROTA
Students in each group should attend Autopsies on designated weeks including weekends.
Week beginning 30/04/01
ABD, Rahman S.M.BT
ABDUL, Aziz Mardiana
ABDUL, Jauwad, Hend
Ahmad Rifai, Bin M.F.
Ala, Nazneen K
Allen, Nicholas Mark
Anak, Christopher, B.T.
Week beginning 15/10/01
Liu, Hsien TZO
Lynch, Deirdre Martina
Lynch, Maeve Fahy
McHale, Sabrina Marie
McMonagle, Caroline A
Madigan, Nicholas Niall
Week beginning 07/05/01
Beatty, Sharon Ann
Binti, Ahmad Termizi, M.S.
Benton, Aoife Danielle
Bolkin, Darwina Binti
Browne, Ann Michelle
Week beginning 22/10/01
Makgasa, Moneimang
Mat Rani Ghani, M.Y.
Modongo, Chawangwa
Mohd Abdullah, A.B.
Moloney, Patrick D.
Mulkerrins, Lorraine G.
Week beginning 14/05/01
Burke, Aine Carol
Burke, Thomas Ruaidhri
Cafferty, Rachel O.E.
Cairns, Ciarin Aine
Carney, Olivia Mary
Cawley, Derek Thomas
Week beginning 20/10/01
Murphy, Lisa Christine
Neylon, Mary Antoinette
Ni Chonchubhair, Caitlin M
O’Brien, Niall Anthony
O’Gorman, Joanne Marie
O’Grady, Michael
Week beginning 21/05/01
Dinizulu, Habana
Donnelly, Catherine Mary
Gallagher, Margaret Maria
Gannon, Paul Anthony J.
Gaolebale, P. Andrew
Harrison, Michael
Week beginning 05/11/01
O’Mahony, Matthias M.
O’Malley, Declan
O’Malley, Grainne Marie
O’Neill, Lorraine
Roche, Kate Tunney
Saidha, Shev
Week beginning 01/10/01
Hawkins, Finn J
Hegarty, Maeve
Kavanagh, Anna H
Kelly, Yvonne J
Kemple, Peter John
Kerin, Emmet Gerard
Week beginning 12/11/01
Sainal, Faridatul Amal
Samat, Muttwqillah N.A.
Tully, John Gerard
Walsh, Sinead Mary
Wauchope, Susanne
Yarlagadda, Radhesh
Week beginning 08/10/01
Khanji, Mohmed Yunus
Kieran, Elaine Marie
Killeen, Martina Mary
Kyne, Fiona Mary
Lally, Gillian Mary
Larkin, Caroline Marie
45
Computer Sessions
The computer suite is located on the second floor of the building.
You must be registered with Computer Services before you can use
this suite.
Check on the door of the suite for times that allow you free access to a
terminal.
There are many websites that have pathology teaching material
available.
One of the best is Webpath which is on the server.
It contains a very comprehensive selection of gross and microscopic
images.
In addition it includes mini tutorials and over 1,600 MCQ questions.
You will find this an invaluable teaching aid to your Pathology course.
Also there are five P.C.s located in the room just off the library. These
P.C.s are the property of the Pathology Department and you have
exclusive right to access to them.
Each terminal has a disc player which allows you to learn Pathology
by means of the ‘Slice of Life’ laser discs.
The C.D’s ‘Immunology and the Dynamic Cell’ are also available on the
server.
46
ATTACHMENT DETAILS
See Above.
47
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Pathology is the scientific study of the mechanisms of disease,
including the changes that occur in tissues as viewed by the naked
eye (i.e. at autopsy), the light microscope and the electron microscope
level. Abnormalities detected by the above means are observed,
documented, photographed, collated and integrated with the patients
clinical history and radiology to make a definitive tissue diagnosis of
disease.
The Pathology Department consists of both an academic and a
diagnostic division. The academic department is centred on the
ground floor, rooms 107, 115, 116 and 117 of the Clinical Science
Institute. Room 107 is the teaching laboratory where one half o the
practical session is held. The second half is held in the Pathology
museum which is located on the second floor of the building. The
museum has many rare and unique specimens of various diseases
collected over the years and which are an invaluable teaching aid to
the students.
The diagnostic arm of the Pathology Department is located in the
laboratory complex to the back of the main hospital. The post-mortem
suite is located to the right as you enter the main door of the
laboratory complex. Students must attend a minimum of 6 autopsies
during the academic year. Check the autopsy rota to see which week
you have been assigned. You will find an autopsy card in this booklet.
Please ensure that the attending Consultant signs your card as this
confirms your attendance. Your autopsy card may be handed into the
Pathology Department before your final examination. Check the
Pathology notice board daily to see if there is a post mortem on that
day. The lecture list and any amendments to that list will also be
posted on the notice board.
Attendance at lectures and practicals is monitored. There is now in
place a new 75% attendance rule. You must notify the Department of
any absences from lectures, practicals and MCQs. Sick certificates
are necessary to account for absence from lectures, assessments and
examinations. They are handed directly to Professor Connolly or Ms.
Laura Moran in the Pathology Department.
If you are leaving the course to do a B.Sc., an Erasmus
programme or taking a year off, please inform the Pathology
Department of your intention to do so.
Please feel free to contact the Department at any time during the
academic year if you have any queries or problems.
48
COURSE OBJECTIVES
The course objective is to teach Theoretical and Applied Pathology at a
level suitable for a 4th year medical student who is staring to see
disease processes in the living patient at the bedside for the first time.
The medical student must be able to integrate and comprehend in a
holistic fashion, the clinical signs and symptoms in the sick patient
with the pathologic process, he sees in a pathologic specimen, either
by the naked eye appearance or down the microscope.
It is expected that by the end of the academic year, the student will be
able to do this in a meaningful way so that he/she can make a
reasonable attempt at making an integrated diagnosis from clinical,
pathologic and radiological data. The student is expected to attend
autopsies and learn about diseases and why they cause mortality.
The student will be given specimens to examine and will be expected
to make a diagnosis, or give a clear differential diagnosis. The student
will also be expected to be able to write an essay on the pathology of
common diseases for the 4th medical examination.
49
READING LISTS
Reading List
All of these textbooks are excellent.
Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease is recommended for all students
who wish to have one main book to cover the Mechanisms of Disease
course and Systemic Pathology. This is an excellent book. It is very
comprehensive and it covers the course well. It is suggested that
students also use the Pocket companion for revision purposes.
For the pathology practicals Wheater's Basic Histopathology is
excellent.
Recommend:
1. Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease by
Cotran R.S., Kumar V., Collins T.
Sixth Edition
2. General and Systemic Pathology by
Underwood J.C.E.
Second Edition
3. Cells, Tissues and Diseases.
Principles of General Pathology by Manjno G., Joris I.
4. Wheaters Basic Pathology by
Burkitt H.G., Stevens A., Lowe J.S., Young B.
Third Edition.
5. Pocket Companion to Robbins.
Pathologic Basis of Disease by
Robbins S.L., Cotran R.S., Kumar V.
Fifth Edition.
Reference Books
1. Anderson's Pathology by
Damjanov I., Linder J.
Tenth Edition 1997
Volumes I and II
2. Walter and Israel General Pathology by
Walter J.B., Talbot I.C.
Seventh Edition, 1998
50
3. Immunology by
Janway-Travers
Third Edition, 1997
Useful WWW SITES
http://www.medlib.med.utah.edu/Webpath/webpath.html
This website is already on the College server – CENTRAL C.D.’s
http://worldmall.com/erf/autopsy.hem.
http://www.medscape.com
http://www.gen.emory.edu/medweb/Medweb.pathology.htlm
http://www.med.umich.edu
http://www.Pathology.Washington.edu
http://pathweb.UCHC.edu
http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/home.html
Google
Metacrawler
Web Path
www.webpath.com
p.s. If you find any good Pathology websites please let us know!.
51
STUDENT ASSESSMENTS & PROJECTS
Practical exam
The class will be divided into three groups. There will be 30 spots
comprising histology slides, museum pots and wet specimens. 5 spots
will be allocated to Haematology. There is one mark per spot correctly
identified.
The exam will be held in the Teaching Laboratory Room 107.
Oral Exam:
All students must attend for an oral examination.
Candidates can be examined by any member of staff of the
department of Pathology. A member of staff from the Departments of
Haematology and Biochemistry will also be examining.
Repeat Examination:
This will be held in May/June of the following year. Tutorials will be
given to students on a weekly basis right up to the written
examination.
52
Instruction on filling in MCQ Answer Sheets for Computer
Marking of MCQs.
It is important that you read these instructions and fill in the MCQ
answer sheet as instructed.
Failure to do this correctly may result in the computer failing to detect
your answers.
1. Use only pencil to mark the answers. If a mistake is made the
mark can be erased easily. The computer will not for example
recognize the following:(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
2. Write your name and student number on both the answer sheet
and the question book.
3. Each student number begins with the digit 0.
4. All questions are numbered 1 – 120.
5. All answers are alphabetical (A,B. etc.)
6. Mark for correct answer = 1.
Mark for no answer = 0.
No negative marking.
7. Make pencil marks to indicate your answers as follows:e.g. answer is C.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Do not mark answers with a tick X or circle.
8. Mark all answers on the answer sheet and also in the question
book.
9. Part two of the examination consists of slides. Continue answering
on the answer sheet nos. 31-40.
The question book must be submitted with the answer sheet. Leave
all papers at your place. Do not leave the exam center with any part
of the examination.
53
PAST EXAMINATION PAPERS
Ollscoil na hEireann, Gaillimh
National University of Ireland, Galway
Spring Examination 2000/2001
Fourth Medical, Part I Examination
Pathology
Answer five questions, including one from each section.
Use separate answer books for each question.
Time allowed: Three hours
Section A
Dr. Christopher Wright
1. Write an essay on the aetiology and possible complications of deep
venous thrombosis of the lower limbs.
2. Give an account of the pathology of intracranial space-occupying
lisioins.
Section B
Professor C.E. Connolly
Dr. M.P.G. Little
Dr. Gabriel Mortimer
Dr. Helen Grimes
Dr. Brendan Fitzpatrick
3. What malignant tumours can be looked for in their early phase of
growth, by screening? Discuss the pathological aspects of one
such tumour in depth.
4. Write an essay on pathological calcifications.
5. Give an account of aetiological factors in congenital heart disease
with illustrative examples.
6. Discuss two of the following:
(a) The advantages and limitations of measuring serum tumour
markers giving examples.
(b) The advantages and limitations of biochemical markers in the
diagnosis of myocardial muscle damage giving examples.
(c) The significance of hyperlipidaemia as a risk factor for
cardiovascular disease, and the biochemical laboratory
investigation of hyperlipidaemia.
7. Write brief notes on three of the following:
(a) Membranous nephropathy
(b) Minimal change disease
(c) Adult polycystic disease
(d) Nephrotic Syndrome
54
8. Section C
Professor E. Egan
Dr. Margaret Murray
9. What are the myeloproliferations diseases? Discuss on in depth?
55
Ollscoil na hEireann, Gaillimh
National University of Ireland, Galway
Spring Examination 2000
Fourth Medical, Part I Examination
Pathology
Answer five questions, including one from each section.
Use separate answer books for each question.
Time allowed: Three hours
Section A
Professor Alaister Burt
1. Discuss the different forms of Malignant Lung tumour. Discuss
the possible clinical effects of complications of such tumours.
2. Write short notes on three of the following:
(a) Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
(b) Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
(c) Raised Intracranial Pressure
(d) Coagulative Necrosis
Section B
Professor C.E. Connolly
Dr. M.P.G. Little
Dr. Gabriel Mortimer
Dr. Helen Grimes
3. Write an essay on Malignant Lymphoma. Outline a broad
classification of the different subtypes.
4. Define an aneurysm. Give a description of the types found in
human with particular reference to aetiology and site.
5. What pathological features of a malignant tumour are useful in
determining its prognosis? Give examples to illustrate your
answer.
6. Discuss the laboratory investigation of two of the following:
including a brief outline of the biochemical basis for the tests
chosen:
(a) Hypercalcaemia in a 50 year old female
(b) Recurrent chest pain in a 60 year old male
(c) Jaundice in a 25 year old female.
Section C
Professor E.Egan
Dr. Margaret Murray
7. List the cause of Iron Deficiency Anaemia and detail the
investigation of a Hypochromic Microcytic Anaemia in a 40 year old
male Irish Physician.
Or Discuss the classification, clinical features and pathology of
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia.
56
Ollscoil na hEireann, Gaillimh
National University of Ireland, Galway
Summer Examination 2000
Fourth Medical, Part I Examination
Pathology
Time allowed: Three hours
Answer five questions, including one from each section.
Use separate answer books for each question.
Section A
Professor W. Brocker
1. Give an account of the pathological sequence of events in acute
myocardial infarction. What are the main complications in
patients suffering myocardial infarction?
2. Describe the difference in morphology and behaviour between
benign and malignant tumours. Illustrate with examples you
know.
Section B
Professor C.E. Connolly
Dr. M.P.G. Little
Dr. Gabriel Mortimer
3. Write notes on three of the following:
(a) Granulation tissue
(b) Hyperplasia v Hypertrophy
(c) Granulomatous Inflammation
(d) Metaplasia and Dysplasia
4. Discuss tumours of the testis.
5. Give an account of aortic valve, stenosis (AS) and mitral valve
stenosis (MS), with particular emphasis on aetiology and
complications.
6. Write an essay on peptic ulceration, include in your answer an
account of the etiology and pathology and complications.
Section C
Professor E. Egan
Dr. Margaret Murray
7. What is a Haemolytic Anaemia? Discuss the general features.
List four causes.
or
List three congenital bleeding diseases and discuss one.
57
Ollscoil na hEireann, Gaillimh
National University of Ireland, Galway
Spring Examination 1999
Fourth Medical, Part I Examination
Pathology
Time allowed: Three hours
Answer five questions, including one from each section.
Use separate answer books for each question.
Section A
Professor A. Burt
1. Describe the pathology of Acute Myocardia Infarction and outline
the complications of this condition.
2. Write an essay on Ulcerative Colitis including an account of its
pathology and complications.
Section B
Professor C.E. Connolly
Dr. M.P.G. Little
Dr. Gabriel Mortimer
3. Write notes on three of the following with examples:
(a) the difference between Granulation Tissue and a Granuloma.
(b) the pathology of the nephritic syndrome
(c) the difference between coup and contre coup injuries
(d) the staging of colorectal carcinoma
4. Briefly compare and contrast carcinoma of the cervix uteri with
carcinoma of the uterine corpus.
5. Discuss two of the following:
(a) the limitations and advantages of measuring P.S.A. (prostate
specific antigen) in the general population.
(b) the significance and further investigation of a 30 year old female
with a moderately elevated T.S.H. (thyroid stimulating hormone).
(c) the laboratory investigation of a patient presenting with chest
pain.
6. Accurately define bacteraemia septicaemia and pyaemia.
Discuss their pathogenesis and pathological effects.
58
Section C
Professor E. Egan
Dr. Margaret Murray
7. Discuss vitamin B12 or Folic Acid deficiency listing causes,
manifestations and treatment principles.
or
Classify the acute leukaemias and discuss the aetiology,
pathogenesis and clinical features of acute leukaemia.
59
Ollscoil na hEireann, Gaillimh
National University of Ireland, Galway
Summer Examination 1999
Fourth Medical, Part I Examination
Pathology
Time allowed: Three hours
Answer five questions, including one from each section.
Use separate answer books for each question.
Section A
Professor W. Brocker
1. Give an account of the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis and
explain the difference subtypes with reference to the Nephritic and
Nephrotic Syndrome.
2. Give an account of the pathogenesis symptoms, course and clinical
findings of hepatitis A to D.
Section B
Professor C.E. Connolly
Dr. M.P.G. Little
Dr. Gabriel Mortimer
3. Write an essay on the pathology of Carcinoma of the Breast.
Include a note on important prognostic factors.
4. Give an accurate definition on an Embolus and discuss the various
types and the situations in which they arise.
5. Compare and contrast Carinoma of the Oesophagus and
Carcinoma of the Stomach.
6. Write notes on three of the following:
Primary vs Secondary tuberculosis of the lungs
Subarachnoid vs Subdural haemorrhage
In situ vs Infiltrating Carcinoma
Screening techniques to detect early Cancer.
Section C
Professor E. Egan
Dr. M. Murray
7. Discuss the causes of iron deficiency anaemia with special
reference to a 40 year old Irish male. How is the diagnosis
confirmed?
What investigations might be appropriate?
8. List the Myeloproliferative diseases.
Discuss one in detail.
60
CONTACT DETAILS
Department of Pathology Staff and contact details.
Name
Professor C.E.
Connolly
Professor E. Egan
Dr. M.P.G. Little
Dr. H. Grimes
Dr. G. Mortimer
Dr. J. Callaghan
Dr. B. Fitzpatrick
Dr. M. Murray
Dr. J. McMahon
Ms. Laura Moran
Ms. Rosanne
Rafferty
Title
Head of
Department
Haematology
Statutory
Lecturer
Clinical
Lecturer
(Biochemistry)
Clinical
Lecturer
Clinical
Lecturer
Clinical
Lecturer
Clinical
Lecturer
Lecturer
Senior
Technician
Secretary
E-mail Address
charles.Connolly
@nuigalway.ie
eganel@iol.ie
--
Ext. No.
87-4488
--
87-4607
--
87-4592
--
87-4415
87-4414
87-4417
--
61
--
87-4591
-laura.moran@nu
igalway.ie
--
87-4373
87-4373
87-4077
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
62
DEPARTMENT OF
MEDICINE
63
LECTURE & PRACTICAL TIMETABLES
The handbook details for Medicine are not yet complete. Please check
all details of attachments, lecture timetable etc. with the Department
of Medicine. We will remove this notice when we are certain that the
details are fully accurate and up to date.
64
ATTACHMENT DETAILS
FOURTH YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS 2001
(1ST TERM – FINAL CLASS 2004)
Students are assigned to MEDICINE & SURGERY in 1st Term A as
indicated:
Students are reminded that their progress will be assessed by a
MULTIPLE CHOICE EXAMINATION at the end of the term. Marks
obtained at this examination will constitute a proportion of their
marks in the FINAL MEDICAL EXAMINATION.
1ST Term A 1st Term B 1st Term C -
17th September – 19th October
22nd October - 16th November
19th November – 14th December
1ST TERM A – 17TH September – 19th October
MEDICINE
Dr. B. Duffy/Merlin Park
Kyne, Fiona
Lynch, Maeve
McHale, Sabrina
Mondongo, Chawangwa
O’Mahony, Matthias
O’Neill, Lorraine
Samat Muttaqillah, N.A.
Walsh, Sinead
Matingal, Julian
Dr. Coughlan/Merlin
Park
Madigan, Nicolas
McMonagle, Caroline
Mohd Abdullah, Azlin
Darita
Murphy, Liza
O’Connor, David
O’Malley, Declan
Roche, Kate
Saidha, Shiv
Sainal, Faridatul
Nagandran, Yoghini
Dr. S. O’Keeffe/Merlin
Park
Killeen, Martina
Lally, Gillian
Mat Rani Ghani, Mohd
Yurzi
Neylon, Mary
NiChonchubhair, Caitlin
Ni Mhaille, Grainne
O’Brien, Niall
O’Grady, Michael
Rahman Sabri, Marina
Randhawa, Rajinder
65
Dr. Gilmartin/Merlin
Park
Larkin, Caroline
Liu, Hsien Tzo
Lynch, Deirdre
Makgasa, Moneimang
Mulkerrins, Lorraine
O’Gorman, Joanne
Tully, John
Wauchope, Suzanne
Yarlagadda, Radesh
Paipieng, Michelle
COURSE DESCRIPTION
COURSE OBJECTIVES
66
READING LISTS
Author
Title
Useful WWW SITES
67
STUDENT ASSESSMENTS & PROJECTS
68
PAST EXAMINATION PAPERS
69
CONTACT DETAILS
Staff
member
Ms. M.
Bourke
Dr. Robert J.
Coughlan
Dr. K. Daly
Dr. B. Duffy
Prof. P.
Finnegan
Dr. S.
Fleming
Prof. T.
O'Brien
Dr. J.J.
Gilmartin
Ms. M.
Kearns
Ms. N.
McGready
Dr. John
Moran
Dr. E.
Mulkerrins
Ms. U.
O'Connor
Dr. D.
O'Gorman
Dr. T.A.
O'Gorman
Dr. F.
Stevens
Ms. B. Walsh
Title
Snr.
Technician
Clinical
Lecturer
Lecturer
Lecturer
Associate
Professor
Researcher
E-mail
Extension
mary.bourke@nuigalway.ie
87-4291
--
757631
--med.faculty@nuigalway.ie
87-4542
757631
87-4568
--
87-4582
Clinical
Lecturer
Sen.
Technician
Sen.
Technician
Clinical
Lecturer
Clinical
Lecturer
Secretary
--
757631
miriam.kearns@nuigalway.ie
87-4291
Professor
87-4287
--
87-4257
--
87-4682
--
87-4206
Clinical
Lecturer
Lecturer
--
87-4487
--
87-4471
Lecturer
fiona.stevens@nuigalway.ie
87-4476
Researcher --
87-4583
70
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
71
DEPARTMENT OF
SURGERY
72
LECTURE & PRACTICAL TIMETABLES
The handbook details for Surgery are not yet complete. Please
check all details of attachments, lecture timetable etc. with the
Department of Surgery. We will remove this notice when we are
certain that the details are fully accurate and up to date.
Every Tuesday at 8:15 a.m. a Surgical Meeting takes place in
Lecture Hall II at the Clinical Science Institute. Eight different teams
rotate to do the presentations. Key cases are presented with clinical
histories, pictures, etc. and discussion follows the presentations.
All lectures are held on Wednesday at 5.00 p.m. in Lecture Hall 11, in
the Clinical Science Institute. Initial Lecture Programme is enclosed.
Any changes will be notified.
Lecture
No.
Date of
Lecture
Lecturer
Title of Lecture
1
26/09/01
Mr. T. FiuzaCastineira
Colorectal Cancer
2
03/10/01
Mr. O.
McAnena
Biliary Tract and
Liver
3
10/10/01
Mr. T. FiuzaCastineira
Herniae
4
17/10/01
Mr. Siddiqui
Inflammatory Bowel
and Diverticular
Disease
5
24/10/01
Mr. T. FiuzaCastineira
Nutrition Fluids in
Surgery
6
07/11/01
Professor Given
Breast Cancer
7
14/11/01
Mr. O.McAnena
Oesophageal
Disorders
8
21/11/01
Mr. D. Courtney Peripheral Vascular
Disease
9
28/11/01
Mr. D. Courtney The Acute Abdomen
10
05/12/01
Professor Given
Benign Breast
Conditions
11
09/01/02
Mr. O.
McAnena
Oesophagus and
Diaphragm
12
16/01/02
Mr. D. Courtney Aneurysmal
73
Disease
13
23/01/02
Mr. D. Courtney Veins and
Lymphatics
14
30/01/02
Mr. D. Quill
Thyroid and
Parathyroid
15
06/02/02
Mr. T. FiuzaCastineira
Approach to the
Surgical Patient
and Pre-operative
Care.
16
13/02/02
Mr. T. FiuzaCastineira
Complications in
Surgery
Surgical
Epidemiology/Basic
Surgical Procedures
17
20/02/02
Professor Given
Stomach and
Duodenum
18
27/02/02
Mr. T. FiuzaCastineira
Antibiotics/Surgical
Infection
When attached to a Surgical team, you will receive Tutorials from
Members of the Team. Timetable of this Tutorials will be given to
you at the time of your attachment, as they may undergo change
from time to time.
74
ATTACHMENT DETAILS
SURGERY
Mr. M. Corcoran/UCHG
Al-Kareem, Mohamed
Cafferty, Ornaith
Donnelly, Catherine
Hegarty, Maeve
Kelly, Yvonne
Kieran, Elaine
Bin Mohd Farid,
Ahmad Rifai
Ching, Lee Ee
Mr.
O’Sullivan/Merlin
Park
Allen, Rodney
Burke, Aine
Gaolebale,
Ponatshego
Mr. H. Bredin/UCHG
Abdul-Jauwad, Hend
Binti Ahmad, Termizi
Browne, Anne
Carney, Olivia
Donnelly, Cormac
Jennings, Lorraine
Hoong, Chang Kah
Kanda-Many, Nandini
Mr.
Martin/Casualty/UC
HG
Abdul Aziz, Mardiana
Beatty, Sharon
Benton, Aoife
Bolkim, Darwina
Binti
Cawley, Derek
Harrison, Michael
Hawkins, Michael
Hawkins, Finn
Kavanagh, Anna
Mr. McCabe/Merlin
Park
Christopher, Brian
Cairns, Ciarin
Gannon, Paul
Galvin, Sarah
Mr. Curtin/Merlin
Park
Ala, Nazeem
Khursheed
Burke, Tomas
Gallagher, Margaret
Mr. K. Kaar/Merlin
Park
Khanji, Mohammed
Kemple, Peter
Kerin Emmett
75
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Welcome to the General Surgery –Vascular course. During this year
you will acquire knowledge about the most common problems found
in surgical patients. You should remember that the lectures are
aimed to give you a synopsis of these pathologies and you should
obtain further knowledge through the books mentioned on the
list below.
The surgical skills will be acquired through the different surgical
attachments. During these attachments you will be encouraged to
attend the surgical meetings, ward rounds, outpatients, and theatre
sessions. You will take clinical histories from patients allocated, and
you will present these cases to team members, who may ask you to
demonstrate your findings.
You will be expected to dress appropriately at all times in the
Hospital; treat the patients with courtesy and remember that the
information obtained must be treated with confidentiality.
COURSE OBJECTIVES
1. To encourage students to further their knowledge and
understanding of the basic medical sciences and learn to apply
these on clinical situations.
2. To consolidate their surgical skills in History taking, examination
and interpretation, obtaining a differential diagnosis to back the
investigations that will have to be organised to confirm the
diagnosis.
3. To acquire knowledge regarding the most common surgical
pathologies encountered, and be able to recognise these in the
clinical scenarios.
4. To learn how to approach patients and interact with team
members.
76
READING LISTS
Scott
An aid to Clinical Surgery
Grace,Hennessy,Cushieri…
Clinical Surgery
Burnard / Young
New Aird’s Companion in Surgical
Studies.
Bailey & Love’s
Short Practice of Surgery
Hamilton Bailey’s
Physical Signs
All these books are available in the library
Useful WWW SITES
www.facs.org
www.rcsi.ie
www-medlib.med.utah.edu
www.rad.upenn.edu
www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/comir/resources/links_c.html
http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/mammography/imageanalysis.htm
77
STUDENT ASSESSMENTS & PROJECTS
During the fourth year, students will be submitted to two Multiple
Choice Questions exam papers. The first, will take place before
Christmas and the other around Easter.
During the past years MCQ’s exams have had very bad results. We
think this is due to the students expend very little time reading
surgical texts. MCQ’s exams are aimed to test the extent of knowledge
acquired. The lectures, on its own, are not sufficient.
We are planning to do a clinical exam this year at the end of the
Summer term. This has not being specified yet, but will be aimed to
assess clinical
Skills in Surgery and Medicine.
78
PAST EXAMINATION PAPERS
MCQ papers are available in the Medical Library.
79
CONTACT DETAILS
Department of Surgery Staff and contact details.
Staff member
Mr. H. Bredin
Ms. G. Clarke
Mr. M. Corcoran
Ms. G. Comer
Mr. D. Courtney
Ms. C. Curran
Mr. W. Curtin
Mr. M. FX
Gilmore
Prof. F. Given
Mr. P.K. Gormley
Mr. F. Kinsella
Mr. J. Lang
Mr. A. Martin
Mr. O.J.
McAnena
Mr. J. McCabe
Mr. J. McCann
Mr. M.E.
O'Sullivan
Mr. D. Quill
Mr. P. Regan
Mr. K. Tobin
Title
Clinical
Lecturer
Secretary
Lecturer
Clinical
Lecturer
Lecturer
Snr.
Technican
Clinical
Lecturer
Clinical
Lecturer
Professor
Clinical
Lecturer
Clinical
Lecturer
Clinical
Lecturer
Clinical
Lecturer
Clinical
Lecturer
Clinical
Lecturer
Clinical
Lecturer
Clinical
Lecturer
Lecturer
Clinical
Lecturer
Lecturer
E-mail
--
Extension
87-4388
grace.clarke@nuigalway.ie
---
87-4202
87-4297
87-4816
-catherine.curran@nuigalway.ie
87-4300
87-4202
--
757631
--
757631
fred.given@nuigalway.ie
--
87-4637
87-4347
--
87-4208
--
87-4552
--
87-4556
--
87-4300
--
757631
--
87-4638
--
757631
---
87-4207
87-4714
--
87-4269
80
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
81