Unit X
Ecce 8
Grammar Notes
Nomen________________
Datum_______________
Tempus_______
I. Verbs
Conjugations are groups of verbs which share similar qualities. There are four conjugations
of verbs in Latin. To tell which conjugation a verb belongs to, look at the vowel that
preceeds the infinitive –re ending.
1st Conjugation
2nd Conjugation
3rd Conjugation
4th Conjugation
-āre
-ēre
-ere
-īre
amāre – to love
amāre – this is the infinitive form & it means “to love”
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To conjugate a verb means to write out all its forms for all persons.
The ‘a’ is included in all forms when conjugating except the 1st person singular.
A verb is composed of a stem, a ‘key’ or ‘connecting’ letter, and a personal ending.
e.g. amāre – to love
Stem = am
Connecting letter = a
Personal Ending = ō, s, t, mus, tis, nt
Look at this example:
Singular
st
1 person – amō – I love, I do love, I am loving
2nd person – amās – you love, you do love, you are loving
3rd person – amat – he/she/it loves, does love, is loving
Plural
1st person – amāmus – we love, we do love, we are loving
2nd person – amātis – you all love, you do love, you are loving
3rd person – amant – they love, they do love, they are loving
The personal endings for each person stand for a pronoun and must be memorized as
follows:
Singular
Plural
1st
-Ō = ______
-MUS = ______
2nd
-S = ______
-TIS
= ______
rd
3
-T = ______
-NT
= ______
A. For the following pairs of verbs, circle the verb that would be translated with “I…”
1. errō
ducimus
4. agō
spectant
2. currunt
currō
5. ascendimus
doceō
3. ambulāre
veniō
6. vexō
amātis
I
B. For the following pairs of verbs, circle the verb that would be translated with
“You…”
1. errās
ducunt
4. timēs
timet
2. currit
dormis
5. vexāmus
habitas
6. terrent
cadis
3. descendimus ascendis
C. For the following pairs of verbs, circle the verb that would be translate with “We…”
1. sedēs
ambulāmus
4. repellis
petimus
2. est
respondēmus
5. excipiunt
sumus
3. advenīmus
erratis
6. amāmus
audītis
D. For the following pairs of verbs, circle the verb that would be translated with “You all…”
1. inquit
revocātis
4. terrētis
audis
2. ducitis
consulimus
5. habitās
vexātis
3. redīmus
redītis
6. induis
agitis
Nota Bene:
I is the 1st person, singular pronoun.
You is the 2nd person, singular pronoun.
He, she, or it are 3rd person, singular pronouns.
We is the 1st person, plural pronoun.
corresponds.
You (all) is the 2nd person, plural pronoun.
corresponds.
They is the 3rd person, plural pronoun.
corresponds.
In Latin the verb ending –ō corresponds.
In Latin the verb ending –s corresponds.
In Latin the verb ending –t corresponds.
In Latin the verb ending –mus
In Latin the verb ending –tis
In Latin the verb ending –nt
For VERBS, Person refers to 1st, 2nd, or 3rd and Number refers to Singular or Plural.
II
B. For the following italicized verbs, circle the person and number appropriate.
Person
Number
1. clamās
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
Plural
2. timētis
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
Plural
3. rīdet
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
Plural
4. legis
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
Plural
5. consulō
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
Plural
6. induitis
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
Plural
7. redeunt
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
Plural
8. terrēmus
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
Plural
9. currit
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
Plural
10. gemis
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
Plural
11. vult
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
Plural
12. laborant
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
Plural
II. Latin Subject Pronouns
The ending of the verb must agree with the subject. In Latin, pronouns (he, she, they) are
used for emphasis. For the purposes of learning verbs, we will use them more often at
first.
Nota bene:
Egō vōlō
I want
Nōs parāmus
We prepare
Tu arripis
You grab
Vōs laborātis
You all work
Puer timet
The boy fears
Puerī spectant
The boys are watching
III
A. For the following italicized verbs, circle the word to the right that would work as a
subject.
1. clamās
ego
tu
puella
nos
vos
servi
2. timētis
ego
tu
servus
nos
vos
puellae
3. rīdet
ego
tu
puella
nos
vos
servi
4. legis
ego
tu
servus
nos
vos
puellae
5. consulō
ego
tu
puella
nos
vos
servi
6. induitis
ego
tu
servus
nos
vos
puellae
7. redeunt
ego
tu
puella
nos
vos
servi
8. terrēmus
ego
tu
servus
nos
vos
puellae
9. currit
ego
tu
puella
nos
vos
servi
10. gemis
ego
tu
servus
nos
vos
puellae
11. vult
ego
tu
puella
nos
vos
servi
12. laborant
ego
tu
servus
nos
vos
puellae
13. scribitis
ego
tu
puella
nos
vos
servi
14. intrō
ego
tu
puella
nos
vos
servi
III. Practicing Verbs
A. Add the personal endings to each verb and translate each form.
Singular
Plural
1st Person
voc ____ ____________
voca____ ____________
2nd Person
voca____ ____________
voca____ ____________
3rd Person
voca____ ____________
voca____ ____________
1st Person
duc____ ____________
duci____ ____________
2nd Person
duci____ ____________
duci____ ____________
3rd Person
duci____ ____________
ducu____ ____________
IV
1st Person
veni ____ ____________
venī ____ ____________
2nd Person
venī ____ ____________
venī ____ ____________
3rd Person
veni ____ ____________
veniu____ ____________
1st Person
port ____ ____________
portā ____ ____________
2nd Person
portā ____ ____________
portā ____ ____________
3rd Person
porta ____ ____________
porta ____ ____________
B. For the following verbs, identify the person & number and translate each.
1. coquitis
11. adveniunt
2. adiuvās
12. repellis
3. observant
13. petitis
4. purgāmus
14. arripiō
5. reprehendit
15. appropinquant
6. portō
16. ascendimus
7. surgimus
17. audītis
8. docēs
18. terrēs
9. errat
19. conspiciō
10. timēmus
20. amat
V