Three Gorges Dam – Technical Journal References
[information below summarized from the ISI Web of Knowledge search]
The river dragon has come! The Three Gorges Dam and the fate of China's Yangtze river
and its people by Qing D, Sharpe ME.
McCormack G, CHINA JOURNAL. 41: 174-177 JAN 1999. [Book Review]
Edmonds RL CHINA QUARTERLY. (155): 673-674 SEP 1998 [Book Review]
Christoff PS. LIBRARY JOURNAL. 122 (20): 125-125 DEC 1997 [Book Review]
{the CU library has this an an electronic book; largely focuses on risks and negatives of the project}
book also focuses on resettlement, water pollution, and historical relics
To whom does the Yangtze River belong: Can China in its development undertake the Three
Gorges dam project? - Dai,Q, Xue,WJ.
Lee YCB. CHINA JOURNAL. 37: 168-170 JAN 1997 [Book Review]
China's great leap backward - Uneconomic and outdated, the Three Gorges dam will stunt
China's economic growth. Adams P, Ryder G. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL. 53(4):687-704
FAL 1998
China's Three Gorges Dam will soon transform the yangtze.
Hoh E. NATURAL HISTORY. 105 (7): 29-& JUL 1996
THE SANXIA (3 GORGES) PROJECT - THE ENVIRONMENTAL ARGUMENT
SURROUNDING CHINA SUPER DAM. EDMONDS RL
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LETTERS. 2 (4): 105-125 JUL 1992
The Three Gorges Dam was formally approved by the National People's Congress in April 1992. As the world's
largest dam, the project has attracted a considerable amount of attention. This article looks at the background to the
project and the arguments surrounding construction and financing. Approval of the Sanxia project was expedited by
the Tiananmen Incident of 1989 and the massive flooding on the Yangtze River during summer 1991. Advocates of
the dam admit that there are still some technical uncertainties. Given the fact it is highly unlikely that the dam will
serve its purported functions of flood control, energy generation, navigation improvement, and increased water
supply, the Chinese would be wise to avoid the irreparable ecological damage and the economic risk from such
another grandiose project. Instead of a large dam, smaller scale projects and basic conservation measures are likely
to have more positive environmental, economic, and political consequences.
Physical-biological sources for dense algal blooms near the Changjiang River.
Chen CS, Zhu JR, Beardsley RC, Franks PJS. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS. 30
(10): art. no. 1515 MAY 22 2003
Harmful algal blooms ("red tides'') occur primarily in a confined region on the inner shelf off the Changjiang River
in the East China Sea during May-August. The areal extent of these blooms has increased dramatically in the last
decade, and is thought to be associated with the rapid increase in nutrient supply via the Changjiang River. These
results imply that the formation of phytoplankton blooms is controlled by a complex interplay of physical,
geological, biological, and chemical processes associated with the Changjiang River discharge, sediment deposition,
and Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) water intrusions. The predicted increase in nutrient loading in the Changjiang
River due to further economic development of Shanghai and reduction in sediment discharge due to the Three
Gorges dam suggest that this part of the East China Sea could become an ecosystem disaster, with possible
downstream contamination of Korea and Japan, unless the nutrient loading from Shanghai and surrounding cities
and aquaculture activities along the coast are reduced.
Freshwater fish biodiversity in the Yangtze River basin of China: patterns, threats and
conservation. Fu CZ, Wu JH, Chen JK, Qu QH, Lei GC. BIODIVERSITY AND
CONSERVATION. 12 (8): 1649-1685 AUG 2003
The article evaluates information on freshwater fish biodiversity in the Yangtze River basin, including 361 species
and subspecies of which, 177 species are endemic. Hydrological alterations are perhaps the largest threat to fish
biodiversity in the basin. Fishes in the upper reaches will be seriously affected by the construction of the Three
Gorges Dam and other dams, and action should be taken for priority conservation. The most immediate restoration
need is reconnection of the Yangtze River with its lakes. The cluster of lakes in the Central Yangtze should be
protected to maintain habitats for spawning, feeding and migration of migratory fishes.
Biology, fisheries, and conservation of sturgeons and paddlefish in China
Wei QW, Ke FE, Zhang JM, Zhuang P, Luo JD, Zhou RQ, Yang WH
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES. 48 (1-4): 241-256 MAR 1997
This paper reviews five of the eight species of acipenseriforms that occur in China, chiefly those of the Amur and
Yangtze rivers. Kaluga Huso dauricus and Amur sturgeon Acipenser schrenckii are endemic to the Amur River.
Both species still support fisheries, but stocks are declining due to overfishing. Acipenseriformes of the Yangtze
River are primarily threatened by hydroelectric dams that block free passage to spawning and feeding areas. The
Chinese paddlefish Psephurus gladius now is rare in the Yangtze River system. Limited spawning still exists above
the dam, but when the new Three Gorges Dam is complete, it will further threaten the paddlefish.
Mitochondrial DNA diversity, population structure, and conservation genetics of four
native carps within the Yangtze River, China. Lu GQ, Li SF, Bernatchez L
Canadian Journal Of Fisheries And Aquatic Sciences. 54 (1): 47-58 JAN 1997
Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon piceus), bighead carp (Aristichthys
nobilis), and black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) rank first, second, fourth, and seventh in world fish production.
In China, the Yangtze River harbours the most important natural populations of these species. We performed a
polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length poymorphism analysis to test the hypothesis that they are
composed of more than one genetic stock. The results suggest that the population structure may be determined by
the number of environmental settings that permit closure of their life cycle. They also imply that carp from the
Yangtze River cannot be managed as a single unit and that human disturbance through exploitation and habitat
modifications, in particular the construction of the Three Gorges Dam, will have differential impacts on fish
abundance for different parts of the river.
Nutrients in the Changjiang and its tributaries. Liu SM, Zhang J, Chen HT, Wu Y, Xiong H,
Zhang ZF. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY. 62 (1): 1-18 JAN 2003
Dissolved and particulate, organic and inorganic N, P and Si were measured in the main stream and 15 major
tributaries of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) in April-May 1997. The nutrient levels were quite low in the upper
reaches, and significantly increased in the main stream in a region of 2000-3000 km inland from the river mouth.
The nutrient yields in the Changjiang and its major tributaries indicated high rates of transport of nutrients within the
watersheds. Concentrations of nitrate in the Changjiang have increased, but there have been no systematic trends for
phosphate and silicic acid since 1980. The DIN/P ratios and DIN/Si ratios increased. The DIN/P and DIN/Si ratios
may be expected to continue to increase after construction of the "Three Gorges Dam", which will exercise a great
deal of influence on the ecological environment of the Changjiang estuary and its adjacent sea.
Evaluation of artificial neural network techniques for flow forecasting in the River
Yangtze, China. Dawson CW, Harpham C, Wilby RL, Chen Y. HYDROLOGY AND EARTH
SYSTEM SCIENCES. 6 (4): 619-626 AUG 2002
Using six-hourly rainfall-runoff data for the River Yangtze at Yichang (upstream of the Three Gorges Dam) for the
period 1991 to 1993, it is shown that two neural network types can simulate river flows beyond the range of the
training set.
Impact of soil chemistry on the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis (Gastropoda :
Pomatiopsidae) in China. Seto EYW, Wu WP, Qiu DC, Liu HY, Gu XG, Chen HG, Spear RC,
Davis GM. MALACOLOGIA. 44 (2): 259-272 2002
Oncomelania hupensis subspecies serve as intermediate hosts for the human Schistosoma parasite in China. In this
study we present a multivariate analysis and comparison soil chemistry data associated with the presence or absence
of two subspecies, O. hupensis robertsoni and O. hupensis hupensis, that are associated with schistosomiasis disease
transmission upstream and downstream, respectively, of the soon to be completed Three Gorges Dam on the
Yangtze River. A multivariate classification of soil data was able to discriminate between snail habitat and nonhabitat in the Anning River Valley with 85.5% accuracy, and revealed that the lack of critical soil conditions
potentially excluded O. hupensis robertsoni from some sites. The soil classification was also able to correctly
identify 72.4% of marginal habitat sites that were misclassified by field ecologists. We found that O. hupensis
hupensis was less dependent upon soil conditions for sites on the Poyang Lake floodplain, and hypothesize that
changes in water level associated with seasonal flooding may play a larger role than soil in discriminating between
snail habitat and non-habitat in this environment.
The use of remote sensing for predictive modeling of schistosomiasis in China
Seto E, Xu B, Liang S, Gong P, Wu WP, Davis G, Qiu DC, Gu XG, Spear R
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING
68 (2): 167-174 FEB 2002
The development of predictive models of the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis are hampered by the existence of
different regional subspecies of the Oncomelania hupensis snail that serve as intermediate hosts for the disease in
China. The habitats associated with these different subspecies vary considerably. Despite these challenges,
continuing environmental change resulting from the construction of the Three Gorges Dam and global warming
that threaten to increase snail habitat, as well as limited public health resources, require the ability to accurately map
and prioritize areas at risk for schistosomiasis. This paper describes a series of ongoing studies that rely on remotely
sensed data to predict schistosomiasis risk in two regions of China.
Application of geographic information systems and remote sensing to schistosomiasis
control in China. Zhou XN, Malone JB, Kristensen TK, Bergquist NR. ACTA TROPICA
79 (1): 97-106 APR 27 2001
Progress in China on developing prediction models using remote sensing, geographic information systems and
climate data with historical infection prevalence and malacology databases is reviewed. Special reference is made to
the effects of the Yangtze river Three Gorges dam project on environmental changes that may impact changes in
the spatial and temporal distribution and abundance of Schistosoma japonicum in China, and the future success of
disease control programs.
Possible effects of the Three Gorges dam on the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum on
the Jiang Han plain, China. Xu XJ, Wei FH, Yang XX, Dai YH, Yu GY, Chen LY, Su ZM
ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY. 94 (4): 333-341 JUN 2000
The Three Gorges dam might affect the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum on the Jiang Han plain, which is
downstream of the dam. To study this possibility, the prevalence of schistosomiasis was investigated in relation to a
range of malacological, hydrological and meteorological factors. The general water level in the Yangzte over a year
had a marked effect on the distribution of the intermediate host (Oncomelania hupensis) and the prevalence of
human schistosomiasis in that year. Disease prevalence showed significant correlations with the density of the snail
hosts, the level of the water table, annual rainfall, yearly evaporation, and altitude. Once the dam is complete, the
flow of water downstream will probably be maintained at a level between those currently occurring in flood and dry
weather, and this may have implications for schistosome transmission. Systematic monitoring is necessary to
investigate the impact of the environmental changes brought about by the dam on transmission.
Epidemiology of Schistosoma japonicum in China: morbidity and strategies for control in
the Dongting Lake region. Li YS, Sleigh AC, Ross AGP, Williams GM, Tanner M, McManus
DP INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY 30 (3): 273-281 MAR 2000
Dongting Lake, covering a very large surface water area of 2691 km(2), is located in Hunan Province in the southern
part of the People's Republic of China. It is the second-largest freshwater lake in China and plays an important role
in regulating the amount of water in the Yangtze River, China's longest river. Asian schistosomiasis has been
endemic in the Dongting Lake region for centuries and it has had a devastating effect on the public health of the
local people. After a difficult struggle for more than four decades, a concerted programme, supported by the World
Bank Loan and instigated in 1992, has resulted in remarkable progress in the control of the disease in many endemic
areas of the region. However, the great challenge remains to consolidate and maintain the achievements made to
date. The Schistosoma japonicum intermediate host (Oncomelania hupensis hupensis) snail habitats are huge,
estimated at 1768 km(2) in 1996; these are increasing at a rate of 34.7 km(2) annually due to high silt deposition
from the Yangtze River itself and from the connecting rivers in Hunan province, and construction of embankments
in the Dongting Lake region. It is anticipated that the construction of the Three Gorges Super Dam, the largest
engineering project ever undertaken, will substantially extend the range of the snail habitats and increase the number
of new schistosomiasis cases. In many areas, human re-infections remain unacceptably high due to occupational
(mainly fishing) water contact.
Snail-Schistosoma, Paragonimus interactions in China: Population ecology, genetic
diversity, coevolution and emerging diseases
Davis GM, Wilke T, Zhang Y, Xu XJ, Qiu CP, Spolsky C, Qiu DC, Li YS, Xia MY, Feng Z
MALACOLOGIA 41 (2): 355-377 1999
This paper focuses on two snail-borne helminths in China infecting man, Schistosoma and Paragonimus, but
primarily on Schistosoma (Asian caenogastropod-transmitted). Of concern are the implications of the Three Gorges
dam across the Yangtze River on emerging diseases. The implications of the Three Gorges Dam across the
Yangtze River is discussed both in terms of the potential for snail transport into the vast reservoir but also of the
impact on Poyang Lake, the largest lake in China and a major endemic area for schistosomiasis.
Human impacts on the Changjiang (Yangtze) River basin, China, with special reference to the
impacts on the dry season water discharges into the sea
Chen XQ, Zong YQ, Zhang EF, Xu EG, Li SJ
GEOMORPHOLOGY 41 (2-3): 111-123 NOV 15 2001
The annual mean discharge from the upper Changjiang (Yangtze) basin has shown a significant decreasing trend
since the end of the 19th century. Since the 1970s, the monthly mean discharge to the sea has also shown a dramatic
decrease during dry seasons. This paper examines the human impacts on the major hydrological processes in the
Changjiang River basin, with a special focus on their influence on the discharge from the drainage basin to the sea
during the dry season. The possible impacts of the Three Gorges Dam on the monthly variation of water discharge
to the sea are discussed with special emphasis.
Reservoir resettlement in China: past experience and the Three Gorges Dam
Li HM, Waley P, Rees P. GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL. 167: 195-212 Part 3 SEP 2001
This paper reviews involuntary resettlement resulting from dam-building, which has been ignored relative to the
dominant focus of migration research in China, rural to urban migration. Reservoir resettlement in China has a long
history, often of misery and hardship for those displaced. Relocatees affected by the Three Gorges Project (19942009) on the Yangtze River face a similar situation. In China priority has been given to building the dam to provide
electricity, flood control and navigation. Less attention has been paid to the problems of the people affected by the
reservoir inundation. The rural population forced to relocate and rural-urban migrants in general have been
discriminated against by national policies.
Resettlement for China's Three Gorges Dam: socio-economic impact and institutional
tensions. Jackson S, Sleigh A. COMMUNIST AND POST-COMMUNIST STUDIES
33 (2): 223-241 JUN 2000
Large dams have been an important component of infrastructure development in capitalist and communist countries
alike. In 1998, changing world attitudes on large darns led to a two-year World Commission on Dams and new
global standards may soon insist that future projects pay fair compensation so that resettlement becomes voluntary.
Now, 10 years after introduction of economic reforms, China is mobilizing its resources to build the world's largest
dam. This fulfils a longstanding ambition to impound the Yangtze River in Central China at the Three Gorges and
use the hydropower, improved navigation and flood control to develop the economy. This paper examines the socioeconomic impact of Three Gorges Dam on over 1.3 million people to be displaced while China is in transition to a
market economy. We conclude the project is boosting economic expectations while adversely affecting large
sections of the population, and this could provoke widespread social unrest and eventual changes in political
institutions.
The living geography of China. Morrish M. GEOGRAPHY. 82 (354): 3-16 Part 1 JAN 1997
This article addresses some issues of current and future concern for the people of China, for its related territories
and for the international community. The scene is set with a brief summary of the topography, demography and
early history of China. Modernisation and development in China have often happened at the expense of human
rights and the physical environment, and the article looks at some examples before concluding with detailed studies
of the Three Gorges Dam Project.
THE 3 GORGES PROJECT - DAMMED IF THEY DO
SULLIVAN LR. CURRENT HISTORY. 94 (593): 266-269 SEP 1995
The Three Gorges Dam, hailed as the world's largest hydroelectric project, ''is proof of the Chinese government's
determination to inspire collective action for national goals in the face of advancing individual consumerism and
'poisonous bourgeois liberalism.' In China's despotic system, the dam demonstrates that the center is still in control.''
Human impacts on the large world rivers: Would the Changjiang (Yangtze River) be an
illustration? Zhang J, Zhang ZF, Liu SM, Wu Y, Xiong H, Chen HT
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES. 13 (4): 1099-1105 DEC 1999
The "Three Gorges Project" (TGP) in the upstream of Changjiang (Yangtze River) has resulted in great concern of
scientific society and public conversations on the economic, environmental, and human health issues. Data of
nutrients from main stream and 15 large tributaries indicate that Changjiang receives a large part of its nutrient
burden from the drainage area upstream the 'Three Gorges Dam (TGD). A model calculation shows that the
construction of TGD may cause further eutrophication in the upstream region with phosphate as a limiting factor
relative to nitrogen for photosynthesis. The expected N:P ratio of the river would reach 300-400 after the year 2010.
Such a change in nutrient and organic carbon budgets of the Changjiang will significantly influence the environment
and health of ecosystems of the adjacent shelf region.
Water margins - Competing paradigms in China.
McCormack G. CRITICAL ASIAN STUDIES. 33 (1): 5-30 MAR 2001
A global water crisis is widely predicted to occur in this century. China is both water-poor - in per capita terms one
of the world's twelve most deprived (and increasingly water-polluted) countries - and, at the same time, also waterrich. This "blue gold" wealth makes China a potential water-power of "Saudi-Arabia" dimensions. While China's
potential remains largely undeveloped, the country faces growing water pressures: highly uneven distribution
between North and South, urbanization, population increase, degradation of the environment, and rapidly rising
demands for energy, irrigation, and town water. The Three Gorges Dam project is the largest hydro-development
project in the world and possibly the largest civil engineering project in history. This paper looks at less well-known
development projects for the major rivers of China's South and Southwest including the Lancang (Mekong) and the
Upper Yangzi. It also discusses the plans for a "Cascade" of darns on the Lancang, which will have a significant
impact on Southeast Mekong riparian countries, plans to "transfer" water from the Yangzi to the North China plain,
and the idea of a global "super dam" in the Tibetan Himalayas. The paper argues that the Chinese government favors
the "modern" paradigm of water engineering at a time when that paradigm is being abandoned in the developed
world in favor of safer, more economical, and more sustainable options.
In situ rainfall infiltration studies at a hillside in Hubei Province, China
Zhang J, Jiao JJ, Yang J. ENGINEERING GEOLOGY. 57 (1-2): 31-38 JUN 2000
Field infiltration tests were conducted at a hillside near the ship lock of the Three Gorges Dam in Hubei Province,
China. The test site consists of residual soil and decomposed granite. The site was excavated after the test to
examine the abnormal behaviour of the matric suction profiles in the depth. This experiment indicates that, to
describe thoroughly the infiltration process within a weathered jointed granite profile for slope engineering design
purposes, a model based on the assumption of a uniform porous media is inadequate. The implications of the
experimental results on slope stability are discussed. The in situ tests provide important information for further
studying groundwater seepage under rainfall conditions and a dewatering system design for the slope above the ship
lock of the Three Gorges Dam in China.
Changjiang (Yangtze) River delta, China.
Chen XQ. JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH. 14 (3): 838-858 SUM 1998
After a brief review of the previous studies and a description of the geographical setting of the Changjiang River, the
Changjiang River delta, and the Changjiang River estuary, this paper first summarizes the geological framework in
which the recent vertical tectonic movement is emphasized because of its close connection with relative sea level
changes and earthquakes. The historical delta and coast development is examined, with special reference to the
coastal response to sediment supply. Recent achievements on the physical and biological processes in estuarine and
coastal waters are presented. These processes are found to greatly influence the temporal and spatial variation of
water salinity, suspended sediment concentration, sedimentation rate, and primary productivity. The interaction of
natural processes with socioeconomic development is discussed in detail, with an emphasis on the major problems
of estuarine freshwater resources and the impact of water diversion, harbors and navigation channels, land shortage
and the impact of land reclamation, subsiding ground surface, rising sea level and flood hazards. Finally, the
probable delta development in the coming decades in response to several large scale engineering works is discussed,
such as the Three-Gorges Dam, the planned water transfer to N China, and the Deep Water Navigation Channel.
The Three Gorges Dam: Reducing the upwelling and thus productivity in the East China Sea
Chen CTA. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS. 27 (3): 381-383 FEB 1 2000
It has been well documented that since 1850 the amount of phosphorus as well as nitrogen input to coastal seas
around the world has increased by a factor of ten, thus raising concern over eutrophication, Here, evidence is
provided to show that despite a large riverine input of nutrients to the East China Sea (ECS), only a small fraction
(7% for P and 33% for N) of the external nutrient supply supporting ne iv production is provided by the total
riverine input. The major nutrient supply in fact originates from the on-shore advection of the subsurface Kuroshio
waters. Whether the ECS will become eutrophicated, therefore, actually depends on the amount of phosphorus
supply supported by on-shore advection. This supply, though, will very likely be reduced after the completion of the
Three Gorges Dam, and this will lead to a diminished productivity in the ECS.
Estimating erosion rates on sloping agricultural land in the Yangtze Three Gorges, China,
from caesium-137 measurements. Lu XX, Higgitt DL. CATENA. 39 (1): 33-51 FEB 28 2000
The paper describes the application of caesium-137 measurements for estimating soil erosion rates in a small
catchment in the Three Gorges region of the Yangtze River, China. The construction of the Three Gorges Dam has
drawn attention to the impact of erosion and sedimentation, but there are relatively few quantitative estimates of
sediment transfer for this area. Mean annual soil loss during the last four decades is estimated at 4500 t km(-2) yr(1). Erosion rates are strongly related to field slope angles but highly variable spatially.
Discontinuity geometry characterization in a tunnel close to the proposed permanent
shiplock area of the three gorges dam site in China
Kulatilake PHSW, Chen J, Teng J, Shufang X, Pan G
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES &
GEOMECHANICS ABSTRACTS. 33 (3): 255-277 APR 1996
Discontinuity data from a 400 m tunnel located close to the proposed shiplock area were investigated to characterize
the discontinuity geometry of the rock mass around the tunnel. Traces of 39 major discontinuities (faults and dykes)
were found on the tunnel exposures. Over 2000 minor discontinuity (joint) trace data available showed that the rock
mass can be separated into about five statistically homogeneous regions. Three to four joint sets were found to exist
in each of these regions. Results indicated that the 2 m wide exposures which were used for collecting the joint trace
data may not be sufficient to produce reliable estimates for joint size parameters for the shiplock area. Different
estimates were obtained based on wall data and roof data. To obtain better estimates, it is suggested to collect joint
data for several exposures which are at least 4-5 m wide and have different orientations. When such data become
available for the Three Gorges region, it is suggested to perform validation studies to check the applicability of the
models, in addition to performing joint geometry modelling.
The hydraulic turbines of the Three Gorges dam
Bremond J, Vuillerod G. HOUILLE BLANCHE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DE L EAU
54 (3-4): 46-50 1999 [Language: French]
As part of the hydroelectric installation of the Three Gorges on the Yangtze river in China, the Alstom group
recorded a major order for the supply of 8 Francis turbines out of the 14 to be installed in the left bank power
station. This collosal project will include 26 Francis turbines of 710 MW, a spillway designed for a maximum flow
of 116 000 m(3)/s, a shiplock of 5 steps with a capacity of 10 000 tons and a shiplift of 3000 tons. The concrete
gravity dam will be 2.3 km long. As oriented by the Specifications, and due to their exceptional size (runner
diameter : 9800 mm), the design of these units relies upon well-proofed solutions such as those already experienced
on the Itaipu south American large scale hydro project, in which Alstom already contributed 20 years ago. The
runners (450 tons each, external diameter 10 600 mm) will be fabricated by welding of separate elements made of
martensitic stainless steel. Most of the components have to be delivered in several parts and reassembled at site by
welding or bolting. The left bank power station is scheduled to be operational in 2006.
Three Gorges Dam – Websites with Information
http://www.chinaonline.com/refer/ministry_profiles/threegorgesdam.asp
basic information, some discussion of controversies
http://www.irn.org/programs/threeg/
International Rivers Network; multiple links from this site
http://www.irn.org/pubs/wrr/9804/threeg.html
http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/c2718.html
Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the US [positive spin]
http://icivilengineer.com/Big_Project_Watch/Three_Gorges/
with many good links to technical articles, such as from Engineering News Record (ENR), etc.
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200306/12/eng20030612_118122.shtml
China considers counter- terrorism measures for the Three Gorges dam
http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1999/china.50/asian.superpower/three.gorges/
http://www.cnn.com/EARTH/9711/04/china.dam.reut/
http://www.probeinternational.org/pi/3g/index.cfm
http://www.threegorgesprobe.org/tgp/index.cfm
http://www.nextcity.com/probeinternational/ThreeGorges/who.html
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/july-dec97/gorges_10-8.html
Oct 1997 Interview transcript
http://www.american.edu/ted/THREEDAM.htm
TED case study
http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/features/threegorgesdam.shtml
http://www-psych.stanford.edu/~kumar/Home/Projects/yangtze/
http://www.zhb.gov.cn/english/quality/3Gorges/chapter1.htm
http://www.zhb.gov.cn/english/quality/3Gorges/chapter3.htm
(social environment; population and economy of reservoir area, resettlement, public health)
http://www.zhb.gov.cn/english/quality/3Gorges/chapter4_1.htm
(hydrology)
http://www.zhb.gov.cn/english/quality/3Gorges/chapter4-5.htm
(aquatic plants and animals)
http://www.zhb.gov.cn/english/quality/3Gorges/chapter4_7.htm
(geological disasters, earthquates, slope stability)
http://www.zhb.gov.cn/english/quality/3Gorges/chapter4_2.htm
(climate)
http://www.zhb.gov.cn/english/quality/3Gorges/chapter5.htm
(pollution sources and their emmissions)
http://www.zhb.gov.cn/english/quality/3Gorges/chapter6.htm
(water quality; construction impacts on environment)
http://www.zhb.gov.cn/english/quality/3Gorges/chapter7.htm
(general conclusions)
http://www.icivilengineer.com/Big_Project_Watch/Three_Gorges/
mostly just a page of links
http://latelinenews.com/cc/english/21420.shtml
news articles related to the dam
http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/20989/story.htm
news story; May 2003
http://faculty.washington.edu/~nemati/3gorges/index.html
civil engineering delegation to the People’s Republic of China
http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/eesj/casestudies/EESJ3gorges.html
a good list of articles and links
http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/c2718.html
list of links
http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/6896.html
3 gorges chronology thru 1997
http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/6881.html
climate; citrus production
http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/6883.html
a brief introduction
http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/6884.html
environmental protection
http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/6885.html; http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/6889.html;
http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/6890.html;
positive aspects on resettlement
http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/6886.html
airport
http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/6887.html
power
http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/6888.html
rare and endangered plants saved
http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/6891.html
ecology
http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/6893.html
facts
http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/6894.html
energy; air pollution
http://www.pbs.org/itvs/greatwall/dam.html
various general information
http://www.pbs.org/itvs/greatwall/controversy1.html (endangered archaeology sites)
http://www.pbs.org/itvs/greatwall/controversy2.html (endangered species)
http://www.pbs.org/itvs/greatwall/controversy3.html (environmental concerns)
http://www.threegorgesprobe.org/tgp/index.cfm?DSP=content&ContentID=7444
general news story, June 1, 2003
News articles on the recent cracks found in the dam:
http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/06/01/1054406074110.html June 2, 2003
http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/06/13/1055220772940.html June 14, 2003
http://www.guardian.co.uk/china/story/0,7369,976318,00.html
http://www.china.org.cn/english/2003/Jun/66852.htm
various articles on the dam
http://www.crienglish.com/144/2003-6-12/20@19465.htm (cracks)
http://www.crienglish.com/144/2003-6-12/39@19446.htm (geology effects)
http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/55/236.html (costs; disagreement)
Air Pollution in China
http://www.worldbank.org/nipr/china/pix/index.htm
http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_arc99/3_27_99/fob4.htm
http://www.pnl.gov/china/polldown.pdf
http://www.environmentaldefense.org/documents/164_Nov01.pdf
[also, air pollution reduction from hydropower article)
http://www.majbill.vt.edu/students/geog3104/group8/rtpage.html
http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1999/china.50/asian.superpower/three.gorges/