CHAPTER 4 STUDY GUIDE
Know these definitions. You should be able to look at the word and write out the definition (short
answer) OR see the definition and write the word (fill in the blank).
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Rock
Grain
Texture
Composition
Magma
Lava
Sediment
Rock Cycle
Extrusive rock
Volcanic glass
Intrusive rock
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Compaction
Cementation
Clastic rock
Clast
Chemical rock
Biochemical rock
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Metamorphism
Plastic deformation
Foliated rock
Contact metamorphism
Regional metamorphism
You should be able to explain (for a short answer): [note: I am only providing a simple guide,
you need to expand on all of these for a complete, correct answer]
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Two important ways to classify rock
o Texture
o Composition
What are the three types of rock?
How do igneous rocks form?
Be able to provide examples of igneous rocks (at least two)
How do sedimentary rocks form?
Be able to provide an example of WHERE sedimentary rocks can form
How do metamorphic rocks form?
o Under what conditions?
o From what?
Be able to provide an example of metamorphic rock
Be able to draw out AND explain the rock cycle
What is the difference between extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks?
o Location of formation
o Crystal size
o Crystal arrangement
o Time it takes to form
Why does volcanic glass form?
Be able to provide an example of volcanic glass
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What happens when gases are trapped in magma?
o Describe the process
o What is the end result
o Be able to provide an example of a rock that forms this way
Be able to explain how silica content can affect the color of igneous rocks
What is an example of a mineral that helps cementation
What is the process for how sedimentary rocks form?
o What are the different ways?
How do the shapes of grains help you determine the environment where the rock formed?
What is a chemical sedimentary rock?
o How can it form?
o Be able to provide an example
o What do the crystals look like?
o What does the color scheme look like?
How are biochemical rocks differ from chemical rocks?
Be able to provide an example of a biochemical rock
What is a carbonate rock?
o How can you tell if it’s a carbonate rock?
o Give an example of a carbonate rock
How do metamorphic rocks form?
o Location and conditions
How does the texture change?
o Temperature and pressure
o Uplifting events
What is a parent rock?
What is the difference between foliated and non-foliated metamorphic rocks?
o What do they look like?
o Why do they look that way?
What is contact metamorphism?
What is regional metamorphism?
o Why does this happen?
Be able to provide an example of a metamorphic rock