Science 10F
Number
On Top
Name
Item
Value
1
This page with your name on it
2.1 Notes - Understanding the Basis of Sexual
Reproduction
5
2
Observing Human Characteristics Chart
5
3
*Meiosis Chart
20
4
2.2 Notes - Sexual Reproduction in Animals
5
5
2.3 Notes - Sexual Reproduction in Plants
5
6
Page 59 1-7
20
7
*Sexual Reproduction Handout
20
8
Fishnet Scavenger Hunt (Group Activity)
0
9
Page 71 1-8
16
10
*Flower Dissection
50
11
12
13
TOTAL
Percentage
146
100
Your
Mark
Chapter 2 – Sexual Reproduction & Variation
2.1 Understanding the Basis of Sexual Reproduction
Learning Outcomes
After completing this lesson, you will be able to do the following:
1. Illustrate and explain the production of male and female gametes by meiosis.
2. Compare and contrast the functions of mitosis to that of meiosis.
Include: diploid cells, haploid cells
1) Mitosis
a) Mitosis is responsible for the
for:
i)
ii)
that all plants and animals require
of body cells
iii)
b) Characteristics of Mitosis
i) Always only
ii) Offspring
(fast, convenient, safe)
2) Sexual Reproduction
a) Characteristics
i) Two parents are

.
(each possess specialized cells called
)
ii) Offspring are __________________.

Offspring exhibit some traits from _______________________
iii) Two gametes (
a new cell called a
) combine in a process called
.
2
to form
Human Variation Activity
3) Meiosis
In complex plants and animals where sexual reproduction occurs, there are two types of cells.
a) Cell Types
i) ______________________________

These are the cells that make up our ______________________________

These cells reproduce by
__.
ii) Reproductive Cells (

)
These cells are specialized for _______________________ through
_______________________.

The gametes have ______________
_________ (haploid, single stranded)
compared to the _______________________
.
b) Chromosomes
i) Humans have ___________________of chromosomes for ________________in each cell
nucleus. These cells are called __________ (“di” means double).
(a) 23 from mom
homologous pairs
(b) 23 from dad
ii) Reproductive cells have a __________ (means “__________” the number of) number of
______________________.

They contain ___________________not __________________________

– male gamete

– female gamete
c) Purpose of Meiosis
Note:

If mom gives the baby 46 chromosomes and dad gives the baby 46 chromosomes we HAVE A
PROBLEM. Junior gets 92! Oops. Moms and dads need a method of making special cells with
__________________________.
3
Meiosis has two purposes:
i) To make gametes with ___________ the normal _________________ of chromosomes
(haploid).
ii) To make gametes that have _______________ in their ______ code.
NOTE: The first half of Meiosis makes one
cell into two
cells
NOTE: Second half of meiosis __________ double strands to __________ strands.
Crossing Over

Some ______________ is achieved in anaphase I, but not enough

Further variation is achieved through a process known as
________________.

This begins during ______________ I and is completed in
_____________ I.

Pieces of Mom and Dad’s DNA __________ strands __________.
Meiosis in Males vs. Females
Both males and females of all species of Animals and Plants will produce special haploid sex cells called
gametes. The gametes have half the DNA (haploid, single stranded) compared to the regular body cells.
Gender
Gametes
Males
Females
Survival Rate
Organs
Gonads
Age of sexual
maturation
Assignment
 Meiosis Chart
4
2.1 Meiosis (“my – oh – sis”)
Draw a sketch of each level of Meiosis and describe what is taking place during that level.
Sketch
Described
Prophase 1
Metaphase 1
Anaphase 1
Telophase 1
5
Prophase 2
Metaphase 2
Anaphase 2
Telophase 2
6
2.2 Sexual Reproduction in Animals
Sperm
(23)
zygote (46)
embryo (46)
Egg
(23)
An embryo is a
.
Successful sexual reproduction requires:
-
both male and female gametes must arrive in the
for
-
and at the
.
The zygote must receive
,
, and
,
to develop.
Mating in the Animal Kingdom
-
mating is timed for offspring to be born at
o
elk, deer, etc.
o
grunion mate at
o
Honeybee’s mate
o
Desert Toads only
Fertilization
-
In a
,
environment ONLY for sperm to
,
and for fertilization to result.
-
May be
External Fertilization
most
-
or
.
animals.
Non-moving animals - (ex. Anemones) release large numbers of
and sperm
. Zygotes form
. Eggs
which
themselves.
-
Swimming animals – (fish) Females lay
release
. Males
. This is called
7
.
Internal Fertilization
- Animals
-
use this method.
Sperm is
to the female.
o Reptiles – male transfers sperm into female’s
(where urinary,
reproductive and digestive ducts lead).

Eggs have enough

No
until hatching.
.
o Birds – males and females have a cloaca.

Close body contact allows for

Parents
.
,
, and
the
young.
o Insects


Incomplete Metamorphosis

eggs hatch into
(no wings)

nymph
for growth (moulting)

nymph develops into
Complete Metamorphosis
 Egg
larva
caterpillar
moth
or butterfly
pupa
(cocoon)
o Mammals

Internal fertilization

for protection and
nourishment

mother
and parents
8
.
o Marsupials

Kangaroos, Opossums give birth

Young must
and attach to a
for several
while they develop.
o Hermaphrodites

Have both
on each
individual.

Includes flatworms (planaria), and earthworms.

Each hermaphrodite
into the other’s reproductive
pore.
Assignment
Page 59 1-7
Sexual Reproduction Handout (Manitoba Fisheries)
“Fish Net” Scavenger Hunt – Group Activity
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
2.3 Sexual Reproduction in Plants
Recall: Many plants can
.

Plants also

The products of sexual reproduction in plants are

A seed contains:
.
o an
.
,
o a
o and
.
Plant Types

Robert Brown classified seed bearing plants into two types based on the seeds:
o Angiosperms:

Over ½ of all known plant species
o Gymnosperms:

Most produce seeds
Angiosperms

These plants have

(chrysanthemums) or
(grass)
inside flowers.

around the seeds.

Flowers contain

There are

Females have

.
,
and
.
, males have
.
are produced and must join
.
o Question – How do they join?

.
Zygotes
.
o Question – Does every zygote grow into an embryo?
o What next?
19
The Stamen (Male)
o
– the male gametes in a
.
o
– where pollen is
.
o
– the
the anther.
The Pistil (Female)
o
–
o
–
o
–
the female gametes.
containing ovules.
of the top of the pistil which
catches
.
o
–
that holds up the stigma.
Pollination in Angiosperms

and
carry pollen to the stigma.
o Angiosperms often have
, and
to help
insects find it.

Self Pollination – pollen from the

Cross Pollination – pollen from
.
.
20
Fertilization in Angiosperms

When a pollen grain lands on the stigma:
o a
begins to grow through the
and into one
o a
down to the
.
is released from the
which swims down the
.
o the
and
unite forming a
21
.
Seed Development in Angiosperms
 As soon as the pollen lands on the stigma, the female’s
begins to form into a
.

The food for the
is called the
around the ovule forms the
. The sac
.

the embryo forms a

the ovary begins to mature turning into a
,a
, and a
.
.
Gymnosperms

seeds form
.

Cones
the tiny seeds.

The seed coat protects the seed from
.

Some plants reproduce sexually without
.
o Examples include
.
Assignment
P 71 1-8
22