Anthropology 1 Professor Debbie Klein Fall 2005 MIDTERM #1 Study Guide Exam Details: Your exam will consist of 50 multiple choice (1 point each) and 10 short answers (5 points each). It will cover material from Park Chs. 1-6, lectures, homework assignments, and 3 films (Accidents of Creation, The Evolutionary Arms Race, and Great Transformations). Identify the following as succinctly as possible. Give an example where appropriate. Charles Darwin Uniformitarianism Stratigraphy Evolution Allele Cell Catastrophism Adaptive Radiation Comte Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms Mutation Charles Lyell Natural Selection Carolus Linnaeus Essentialism Genetic Drift Gene Flow Great Chain of Being Cambrian Explosion Gregor Mendel Darwin’s finches Reverend John Ray Mitosis Meiosis DNA Sickle Cell Anemia Malaria Tetrapod Hawaiian Silver Sword Nene Prosimians Jean Baptiste Lamarck Georges Cuvier Scientific Method Thomas Malthus The Beagle Alfred Wallace Blending Inheritance Garden Peas Chromosomes Genes Gametes Genotype Phenotype Law of Segregation Law of Independent Assortment Species Crossing over/Recombination Trisomy 21 Intelligent Design Scientific Creationism Hutterites Speciation Darwinian Gradualism Punctuated Equilibrium Cambrian Expolosion Pikaia Burgess Shale MDR-tb Cholera Brazilian leaf-cutter ant The Grants’ finches Sample Short Answers. Please answer the following as succinctly as possible. 1. Why was the idea of Evolution so revolutionary in Western Europe in the 1800s? 2. What tentative explanation did the video, Accidents of Creation, give for the difference in relative brain size between humans and chimpanzees? 3. Briefly describe the 5 major subfields within Anthropology. 4. Explain why "scientific" creationism is considered a pseudoscience. Do you agree? 5. Suppose 2 people who are both heterozygous for the taster trait produce offspring. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring? In what proportions will they be produced? 6. What important observations provided Darwin with clues in deriving his explanation for biological evolution? 7. How did the activities of the "natural scientists" differ from those of their predecessors? 8. If natural selection is so good at maintaining and even improving a species' adaptation, why then do species become extinct? 9. How do whales swim, and what does this tell us about whale evolution? 10. What happened when Walter Gehring replaced a fly’s gene for eyes (eyeless gene) with a mouse gene for eyes? What does this suggest? 11. What is our relationship to modern chimpanzees? 12. Describe Darwin's mechanism for evolution by telling how it differed from Lamarck's. 13. A woman who is blood type B gives birth to a child who is type O. She has accused a type A man of being the father. Is he? Explain your reasoning. 14. What is the significance of the relationship between the poisonous newt and the common garter snake in Western Oregon? 15. If microbes may be important for our immune systems to deal with our environment, why do humans do anything to kill microbes? 16. What did you learn from the process of searching for and from reading the “evolution” article that you found at the beginning of the semester? 17. Are mass extinctions a thing of the past? 18. List 2 arguments for and 2 arguments against genetic cloning. With which do you agree and why? 19. Can we see evolution in action? If so, give an example. 20. Are humans still evolving? 21. Define and give an example of each: therapeutic cloning, reproductive cloning. 22. Is evolution a fact, theory, or a hypothesis? Explain. 23. What is the presenilin 1 gene? Why did the neurologists decide not to make the gene test results available to the rural Colombians? 24. Will identical twins with identical genes have identical brains? Why or why not?