1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium at 56 stress-response and phenology candidate genes in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) H. Lalagüe1,2,3,, K. Csilléry2, S. Oddou-Muratorio2, J. Safrana2, C. de Quattro3, B. Fady2, S.C. González-Martínez4, G.G. Vendramin3 1) Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy 2) INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), F-84914 Avignon, France 3) Plant Genetics Institute, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy 4) Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA) - Forest Research Centre (CIFOR), Madrid, Spain Corresponding author: G. G. Vendramin CNR, Plant Genetics Institute, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy E-mail: giovanni.vendramin@igv.cnr.it Tel: +39 055 5225725 Fax: +39 055 5225729 18 19 1 20 21 22 Appendix 5. (a) Model-based ancestry for each individual. NH: population of high altitude from the north gradient; NL: population of low altitude from the north gradient; SH: population of high altitude from the south gradient; SL: population of low altitude from the south gradient. 23 (b) The log-likelihood of the data given a certain number of genetic clusters (K). Each K is represented by 10 separate runs. 24 2