Bibliography: Tibetan Demography
(Incomplete list compiled by Geoff Childs)
Tibetan Historical Demography
Childs, Geoff. 2000. The 1958 sKyid grong Census: Implications for the Study of Tibetan
Historical Demography. Tibet Journal 25(2): 29-41.
Childs, Geoff. 2003. Polyandry and Population Growth in a Historical Tibetan Society. The
History of the Family 8(3):423-444.
Childs, Geoff. 2004. Ethnographic and Demographic Analysis of Small Populations Using
the Own-Children Method. Field Methods 16(4):379-399.
Goldstein, Melvyn C. 1981. New perspectives on Tibetan fertility and population decline.
American Ethnologist 8(4): 721-738.
Li, An-Che. 1947. Dege: A Study of Tibetan Population. Southwest Journal of Anthropology
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Petech, L. 1980. The Mongol Census in Tibet. In Tibetan Studies in Honour of Hugh
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Tibetans in Himalayan Region (Nepal, India)
Attenborough, Robert. 1994. The Population of sTongde, Zangskar. In Himayalan Buddhist
Villages, ed. J. Crook and H. Osmaston, 295-330. Bristol: University of Bristol.
Beall, Cynthia. 1983. Ages at Menopause and Menarche in a High-Altitude Himalayan
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Beall, C.M. Aging and Growth at High Altitudes in the Himalayas. 1984. In The People of
South Asia, ed. J. Lukacs, 365-385. New York: Plenum Press.
Beall, C. and M. Goldstein. 1981. Tibetan Fraternal Polyandry: A Test of Sociobiological
Theory. American Anthropologist 83(1): 5-12.
Bishop, Naomi H. 1998. Himalayan Herders. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace.
Childs, Geoff. 2001a. Demographic Dimensions of an Inter-Village Land Dispute in Nubri,
Nepal. American Anthropologist 103(4):1096-1113.
Childs, Geoff. 2001b. Old-Age Security, Religious Celibacy, and Aggregate Fertility in a
Tibetan Population. Journal of Population Research 18(1):52-66.
Crook, John and Stamati Crook. 1994. Explaining Tibetan Polyandry: Socio-cultural,
Demographic, and Biological Perspectives. In Himayalan Buddhist Villages, ed. J. Crook and
H. Osmaston, 735-786. Bristol: University of Bristol.
Elford, Jonathan. 1994. Kumik: A Demographic Profile. In Himayalan Buddhist Villages,
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Frank, Walter. 1974. Ethnische Grundlagen der Siedlingstruktur in Mittelnepal unter
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Goldstein, Melvyn C. 1971. Stratification, polyandry, and family structure in Central Tibet.
Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 27(1): 64-74.
Goldstein, Melvyn. 1976. Fraternal Polyandry and Fertility in a High Himalayan Valley in
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Goldstein, Melvyn C. 1977. Population, social structure and strategic behaviour: an essay on
polyandry, fertility and change in limi panchayat. Contributions to Nepalese studies 4(2): 4762.
Goldstein, Melvyn C. 1977. Culture, population, ecology and development: a view from
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Goldstein, Melvyn. 1980. Growing Old in Helambu: Aging, Migration, and Family Structure
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Goldstein, Melvyn. 1981. The Transformation of the Social Matrix of Tibetan Populations in
the High Himalaya. In L’homme et son Environment à Haute Altitude, 101-105. Paris:
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Goldstein, Melvyn. 1981. High-Altitude Populations in the Remote Himalaya: Social
Transformation and its Demographic, Economic, and Ecological Consequences. Mountain
Research and Development 1(1): 5-18.
Goldstein, Melvyn C. 1981. New perspectives on Tibetan fertility and population decline.
American Ethnologist 8(4): 721-738.
Goldstein, Melvyn C. Cynthia M. Beall. 1991. China’s Birth Control Policy in the Tibet
Autonomous Region. Asian Survey 31(3): 285-303.
Goldstein, Melvyn C., Cynthia M. Beall, Paljor Tsarong. 1982-83. Effect of high altitude on
fecundity and fertility in the Himalayas: myths and realities. Contributions to Nepalese
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Goldstein, Melvyn C., Paljor Tsarong and Cynthia M. Beall. 1983. High altitude hypoxia,
culture, and human fecundity / fertility: a comparative study. American anthropologist. 85(1):
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Goldstein, M., J. Ross and S. Schuler. 1983. From a Mountain/Rural to a Plains/Urban
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Gupta, Ranjan. 1980. Altitude and Demography among the Sherpas. Journal of Biosocial
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Irimoto, T. 1981. The Inter-Village Variations of Population and Sex-Ratio in the Zanskar
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Levine, Nancy E. 1987. Differential Child Care in Three Tibetan Communities: Beyond Son
Preference. Population and Development Review. 13(2): 281-304.
Levine, Nancy E. 1988. The Dynamics of Polyandry: Kinship, Domesticity and Population on
the Tibetan Border. Chicago: University of Chicago.
Pradhan, A. et. al. 1997. Nepal Family Health Survey 1996. Kathmandu and Calverton:
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Ross, J.L. 1984. Culture and Fertility in the Nepal Himalayas: A Test of a Hypothesis.
Human Ecology 12(2): 163-181.
Schuler, Sidney Ruth. 1987. The Other Side of Polyandry. Boulder: Westview Press.
Skjerven, Ove. 1975. A Demographic and Nutritional Survey of Two Villages in the Upper
Rolwaling Valley. Kailash 3(3): 295-301.
Valeix, P., J. Raynaud, and C. Lassarre. 1977. Problemes demographiques et biologiques
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Weitz, Charles A. et. al. 1978. Cultural Factors Affecting the Demographic Structure of a
High Altitude Nepalese Population. Social Biology 25(3): 179-195.
Weitz, Charles A. 1984. Biocultural Adaptations of the High Altitude Sherpas of Nepal. In
The People of South Asia, ed. J. Lucas, 387-420. New York: Plenum Press.
Wiley, Andrea S. 1994. Neonatal Size and Infant Mortality at High Altitude in the Western
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Wiley, A. 1997. The Role of Biology in the Cultural Ecology of Ladakh. Human Ecology
25(2): 273-295.
Wiley, A. 1998. The Ecology of Low Natural Fertility in Ladakh. Journal of Biosocial
Science 30: 457-480.
Tibetan Exiles
Bhatia, Shushum, Tsegyal Dranyi and Derrick Rowley. 2002. “A social and demographic
study of Tibetan refugees in India,” Social Science and Medicine 54:411-422.
Bhatia, S. D. Rowley and T. Dranyi. 1998. The Demographic and Health Surveillance of the
Tibetan Refugee Population in India. Dharamsala: Gangchen Kyishong.
Childs, Geoff. 2005. Namas (mna’ ma) and Nyelus (nyal bu): Marriage, Fertility, and
Illegitimacy in Tibetan Societies. Forthcoming in P. Christiaan Klieger (ed.), Tibetan Identity
and Change: Along the Margins. Leiden: Brill
Monro, Kylie S. 1999. Tibetan Mothers in India: Medical Pluralism and Cultural Identity.
Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of
Newcastle.
Planning Council. 2000a. Tibetan Demographic Survey 1998 (Summary Report).
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Tibetans in Tibet
Attané, Isabelle and Youssef Courbage. 2000. Transitional Stages and Identity Boundaries:
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Clark, Graham. 1994. The Movement of Population to the West of China: Tibet and Qinghai.
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Martin’s Press.
Goldstein, Melvyn C. 1981. New perspectives on Tibetan fertility and population decline.
American Ethnologist 8(4): 721-738.
Goldstein, Melvyn C. Cynthia M. Beall. 1991. China’s Birth Control Policy in the Tibet
Autonomous Region. Asian Survey 31(3): 285-303.
Goldstein, Melvyn C., Ben Jiao (Benjor), Cynthia M. Beall and Phuntsok Tsering. 2002.
“Fertility and family planning in rural Tibet,” The China Journal 47(1):19-39.
Gruschke, A. 1997. Demographie und Ethnographie im Hochland von Tibet. Geographische
Rundschau 49(5): 279-286.
Ryavek, K. 1999. Research Note: Regional Dynamics of Tibetan Population Change in
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Chinese Demography of Tibet and Tibetans
Gu, J. 1992. Some Characteristics about Marriage and Childbearing of Tibetan Population in
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Guo, Daping. 1996. China’s Tibetan Population and Population in Tibet. China Population
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Hao, H. 1995. A Study of the Sex Difference in Mortality in China. Chinese Journal of
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Jin, Y. et. al. 1994. A Study on Patterns in the Average Life Expectancies and Mortality
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Li, L. 1990. An Analysis of the Migration of the Tibetan Population in 1986 and 1987.
Chinese Journal of Population Science 2(1): 35-42.
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Ma Rong and Pan Nagu. 1992. Changes and Geographic Distribution of the Tibetan
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Ma Rong. 1995. Economic Patterns, Migration, and Ethnic Relations in the Tibet
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PCOSC (Population Census Office of the State Council). 1992. Dandai Zhongguo Xizang
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Shi Jianhua and Yang Shuzhang. 1992. “Fertility in the Tibet Autonomous Region,” in Dang
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Yan Hao. 2000. Tibetan Population in Tibet: Myths and Facts Re-examined. Asian Ethnicity
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Yang Shuzhang and Zhu Hezhong. 1993. “China’s ethnic groups: Fertility change in five
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Zhang Tianlu. 1989. Xizang renkou de bianqian [The Changing Population of Tibet]. Beijing:
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Zhang, T. 1990. The Marriage Pattern and Population Reproduction of the National
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Zhang, T. 1994. Population in Tibet: Its Past, Present, and Prospects. Chinese Journal of
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