Chapter 35
Student: _________________________________________________________
1. Having a disease and receiving a vaccine are both examples of active immunity. When someone receives a
vaccine, that is a form of ________ immunity.
A. natural active
B. natural passive
C. artificial active
D. artificial passive
2. Which of the following is NOT involved in specific immunity?
A. B cells
B. antibodies
C. complement
D. memory cells
E. T cells
3. Interleukins are:
A. proteins produced by virus-infected cells.
B. molecules produced by white blood cells that enhance T cells.
C. chemicals that enhance all cells of the immune system.
D. proteins produced by plasma cells.
4. Which of the following is part of the specific defenses of the body?
A. sebaceous glands of the skin
B. antibody production
C. cilia of the respiratory tract
D. inflammation
E. fever
5. The Latin root word for "clear water" is the basis for the term
A. renal.
B. systemic.
C. lymphatic.
D. pulmonary.
E. coronary.
6. The lymphoid organ in which most lymphocytes are produced is the
A. bone marrow.
B. lymph nodes.
C. spleen.
D. thymus.
E. Peyer's patches.
7. The phagocytic activity of macrophages against bacteria is
A. involved in the nonspecific response only.
B. involved in the specific response only.
C. involved in both the nonspecific response and the production of the specific T cell response.
D. not part of the body's defense mechanisms.
8. Which of these statements is NOT true about complement?
A. Complement is a complex of plasma proteins.
B. Complement is required for formation of antigen-antibody complexes.
C. Complement forms pores in bacterial membranes and allows fluid and salts to enter a bacterial cell.
D. Complement attracts phagocytes to the bacterial cell and increases its likelihood of being engulfed.
9. Which is NOT one of the major characteristics of the immune system?
A. recognizes and responds quickly to an antigen to which it has responded previously
B. responds specifically against a particular antigen
C. produces an inflammation
D. distinguishes self from nonself
10. Which statement is NOT true of the B cells?
A. B cells develop and mature in the bone marrow.
B. B cells carry receptor molecules on their cell surfaces.
C. B cells produce antibodies when stimulated and changed into plasma cells.
D. B cells require presentation of antigens by macrophages before they are able to recognize the antigen.
11. Which statement is NOT true of the T cells?
A. T cells mature in the thymus.
B. T cells carry receptor molecules on their cell surfaces.
C. T cells produce antibodies when stimulated and changed into plasma cells.
D. T cells require presentation of antigens by macrophages before they are able to recognize the antigen.
12. The clonal selection theory states that
A. all B cells are exact clones of each other.
B. all T cells are exact clones of each other.
C. when a B or T cell is stimulated by encountering the correct antigen, it divides to form a clone of cells that
will respond to the same antigen.
D. when a B or T cell is stimulated by encountering the correct antibody, it divides to form a clone of cells that
will respond to the same antibody.
13. Which is NOT part of a description of an antibody molecule?
A. contains two light chains and two heavy chains
B. contains an antigen-binding site on each arm
C. contains a constant and a variable region on each chain
D. forms an X-shaped protein molecule
14. Which kind of T cell is most important in the removal of cancer cells or virally infected cells from the body?
A. helper T cells
B. cytotoxic T cells
C. suppressor T cells
D. memory T cells
15. Which kind of T cell is most important in AIDS infections?
A. helper T cells
B. cytotoxic T cells
C. suppressor T cells
D. memory T cells
16. Which antibody class is most important in allergic reactions?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgE
D. IgM
E. IgD
17. Comparing invertebrate and vertebrate immune defenses,
A. both have specific and nonspecific defenses.
B. invertebrates have specific defenses and vertebrates only have nonspecific defenses.
C. vertebrates only have specific defenses and invertebrates only have nonspecific defenses.
D. invertebrates only have nonspecific defenses while vertebrates have both specific and nonspecific defenses.
E. vertebrates only have nonspecific defenses while invertebrates have both specific and nonspecific defenses.
18. The shark appears to have immune defenses
A. similar to invertebrates indicating its primitive status as a vertebrate.
B. similar to vertebrates in all ways establishing it as a full vertebrate and the immune system as having evolved
completely at an early time.
C. of both specific and nonspecific types, but has more inherited or genetic immunity against pathogens it is apt
to encounter.
D. only of nonspecific types but has a far greater range of immune chemicals that fully handle all pathogens it
encounters in a uniform marine environment.
E. that exceed those of humans.
19. The presence of antibodies in a newborn baby is most often due to
A. active immunity from the mother.
B. passive immunity from the mother.
C. immunity developed after birth.
D. natural immunity developed in the baby before birth.
E. exposure of the baby to antigens after birth.
20. The location at which most of the lymph fluid is returned to the bloodstream is the
A. right ventricle of the heart.
B. right atrium of the heart.
C. left atrium of the heart.
D. right subclavian vein of the thorax.
E. left subclavian vein of the thorax.
21. Maturation of B cells occurs in the
A. bone marrow.
B. lymph nodes.
C. spleen.
D. thymus.
E. Peyer's patches.
22. Maturation of T cells occurs in the
A. bone marrow.
B. lymph nodes.
C. spleen.
D. thymus.
E. Peyer's patches.
23. Which antibody class is most prevalent in the bloodstream?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgE
D. IgM
E. IgD
24. A cell responsible for an organism producing a rapid antibody response against a foreign protein when it is
encountered years after the first encounter is a
A. memory B cell.
B. memory T cell.
C. killer T cell.
D. plasma cell.
25. Which kind of T cells function as killers in cell-mediated immunity?
A. helper T cells (TH)
B. suppressor T cells (TS)
C. cytotoxic T cells (TC)
D. memory T cells (TM)
26. Which kind of T cells regulate the immune response by producing stimulatory lymphokines?
A. helper T cells (TH)
B. suppressor T cells (TS)
C. cytotoxic T cells (TC)
D. memory T cells (TM)
27. _________ ________ are of the same type since they are derived from the same B cell and are against a
specific antigen.
A. Monoclonal antibodies
B. Agglutination factors
C. Autoimmune agents
D. Immunosuppressant agents
E. Allergen antibodies
28. Which blood type would contain anti-B antibodies but not anti-A antibodies in the blood?
A. A
B. B
C. AB
D. O
E. Rh+
29. A person who is blood type AB has
A. antigen A on the surface of RBCs.
B. antigen B on the surface of RBCs.
C. antigens A and B on the surface of RBCs.
D. antibodies A and B on the surface of RBCs.
E. the Rh factor on the surface of RBCs.
30. A person who is B positive will have
A. A antigens, antibody to B, Rh antigen.
B. B antibodies, antibody to A, Rh antigen.
C. B antigens, antibody to A, no Rh antigen.
D. B antigens, antibody to A, Rh antigen.
E. B antigens, antibody to B, Rh antigen.
31. The problem with tissue rejection following organ transplants
A. is due to the tissues carrying different proteins and being treated as a foreign substance.
B. can be reduced if the organ donor is a close relative with very similar tissue proteins.
C. can be reduced by administering immunosuppressive drugs.
D. All of the choices are correct.
E. is due to induced autoimmune disease and is only inherited in some families.
32. Edward Jenner promoted the use of cowpox infection, that was very similar to more dangerous smallpox, as
a vaccination to provide patients immunity from future smallpox epidemics. This was a case of these subjects
A. developing passive immunity.
B. developing active immunity.
C. developing an inflammatory response that increased the IgG production.
D. developing high levels of complement.
E. developing high levels of interferon although Jenner did not realize these diseases were viral.
33. When you have been bitten by a highly venomous snake and received a dose of venom sufficient to kill
several people, you do not have the time to build up your own immunity over the next week. However, hospitals
carry "antivenin" made from injecting horses with small-to-larger dosages of snake venom, and then harvesting
the antibodies from the horse plasma. This is a case of you
A. borrowing passive immunity.
B. borrowing active immunity.
C. developing an inflammatory response to increase the IgG production.
D. borrowing high levels of complement.
E. borrowing high levels of interferon.
34. All of the following are part of the lymphatic system EXCEPT
A. lacteals.
B. spleen.
C. thymus gland.
D. thyroid gland.
35. Nonspecific defenses to invasion of infectious agents include all of the following EXCEPT
A. skin and mucous membranes.
B. natural killer cells.
C. inflammatory reaction.
D. antibodies.
E. protective proteins.
36. What is the fate of plasma cells after the threat of infection is over?
A. they become part of the complement
B. they continue to "stand guard" to protect the individual from future invasion
C. they undergo apoptosis
D. All of the choices are fates of plasma cells.
37. Which of the following characterize B cells?
A. they function in antibody mediated immunity against bacteria
B. they directly recognize antigens and undergo clonal selection
C. they produce and mature in the bone marrow
D. all of the choices characterize B cells
38. Which of the immunoglobulins are associated with immediate allergic responses?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgE
D. IgM
39. Major histocompatibility complex proteins
A. mark the cells belonging to a particular individual.
B. are the proteins that must be circumvented during tissue and organ transplants.
C. limit transplant opportunities.
D. All of the choices are true.
40. Which of the following type of T cells are mis-matched with their functions?
A. Helper T cells -- secrete cytokines to control immune reponses
B. Cytotoxic T cells -- destroy non-self proteins
C. Memory T cells -- mediate apoptosis
D. all of the choices are correctly matched with their functions.
41. Rejection of tissues is due to antibodies and cytotoxic T cells.
True False
42. Introduction of a different blood type into an individual can lead to agglutination and organ damage,
possibly even death.
True False
43. The first line of defense against invading microorganisms is nonspecific.
True False
44. Inflammation or the inflammatory response is a harmful process that should be avoided.
True False
45. The second line of defense in the body takes longer to become functional, since cells must be recruited to
produce specific responses against the antigens.
True False
46. An immune response is automatically raised to kill off any bacteria that enter the mammalian body.
True False
47. Complement and interferon are specific kinds of antibodies.
True False
48. Interferon is only able to be used against the same virus that stimulated the cell to produce it.
True False
49. The T cells go through their required maturation process in the lymph nodes.
True False
50. Antigen-antibody complexes are important in stimulating the production and activity of complement.
True False
51. Most antibodies found in the blood are from the class IgA.
True False
52. Rejection of transplanted tissue is treated with immunosuppressive drugs that prevent the activity of B cells.
True False
53. Autoantibodies are produced against the body's own tissues, resulting in a number of diseases such as
rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
True False
54. Considering just the ABO and Rh blood types, a person with AB+ blood is the universal donor who can
contribute blood to anyone, and a person with O- blood is a universal recipient who can receive any blood type.
True False
55. Allergies are hypersensitivities to non-harmful substances.
True False
56. Specific immune defense mechanisms evolved only in vertebrates.
True False
57. Interferon is a protein that binds to receptors of non-infected cells that cause them to prepare for viral attack.
True False
58. Hemolytic disease of the newborn would be most likely to occur in an Rh positive baby born of an Rh
negative mother who has had previous Rh positive children.
True False
59. Explain three functions of the lymphatic system.
60. Describe the structure, location, and function of four kinds of lymphoid tissues.
61. Describe three kinds of nonspecific defenses used by the body to protect against infection.
62. Describe the structure and function of the IgG antibody.
63. Describe the activation of a helper T cell, and tell what it does when it is activated.
64. Explain the difference between active and passive immunity, giving two examples of each.
65. Discuss problems that can arise when the immune system is activated against self antigens.
66. Compare the ABO blood group with the Rh bood group, listing which antigens and antibodies are present in
the different blood types within each group.
67. Before we had figured out the ABO and Rh blood type groups, we often transfused patients with just blood
plasma to reduce the chances of rejection and complications. However, note that there are many different
factors in the plasma component as well: dissolved food molecules, hormones, antibodies, etc. Why are we not
concerned about a male patient receiving a plasma donation from a female donor where there will be some
estrogens in the plasma? Is the amount of fats, glucose, and amino acids in the plasma of any importance?
Why?
68. (A) Describe why there is no Rh factor conflict if the mother is Rh positive and the father is Rh negative.
(B) Why is an Rh factor conflict usually a problem only for the second child and subsequent children born to
the Rh negative mother? When it is a problem for the first child, what does this indicate relative to this answer?
(C) How does the Rh immunoglobulin injection work to prevent this problem, and why must it be given at
specific times?
Chapter 35 KEY
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. C
6. A
7. C
8. B
9. C
10. D
11. C
12. C
13. D
14. B
15. A
16. C
17. D
18. C
19. B
20. E
21. A
22. D
23. B
24. A
25. C
26. A
27. A
28. A
29. C
30. D
31. D
32. B
33. A
34. D
35. D
36. C
37. D
38. C
39. D
40. C
41. TRUE
42. TRUE
43. TRUE
44. FALSE
45. TRUE
46. FALSE
47. FALSE
48. FALSE
49. FALSE
50. TRUE
51. FALSE
52. FALSE
53. TRUE
54. FALSE
55. TRUE
56. TRUE
57. TRUE
58. TRUE
59. Answers will vary.
60. Answers will vary.
61. Answers will vary.
62. Answers will vary.
63. Answers will vary.
64. Answers will vary.
65. Answers will vary.
66. Answers will vary.
67. Answers will vary.
68. Answers will vary.