10. Instructions Sets: Characteristics and Functions
True or False:
1. T/F – Operand data can be logical data or addresses.
ANS : T
2. T/F – Stacks are visible elements of the system that store program information.
ANS : F
3. T/F – Memory instructions are used to move data to and from memory locations.
ANS : T
4. T/F – Stacks are memory elements that follow a first-in first-out data policy.
ANS : F
5. T/F – A less complex instruction representation also calls for a simpler processor.
ANS : F
6. T/F – The packed decimal representation is smaller in storage size compared to the
binary coded decimal format.
ANS : T
7. T/F – All Boolean operations are performed in the ALU.
ANS : F
8. T/F – Arithmetic shifts can change the sign of the input number.
ANS : F
9. T/F – Conversion operations involve changing the representation of the opcode.
ANS : F
10. T/F – Exceptions can trigger the execution of control transfer instructions.
ANS : F
11. T/F – An exception is unconditional branch instruction.
ANS : T
12. T/F – Storage space is an important concern during programming.
ANS : T
13. T/F – Parallel addition and subtraction operations of ARM are similar to the SIMD
operations of x86 architecture.
ANS : T
14. T/F – Signed comparisons cannot be performed in the x86 or ARM architectures.
ANS : F
15. T/F – Multiple operations can take in half and full words as inputs
ANS : T
16. T/F – There can be several open calls to a single procedure.
ANS : T
Multiple Choice Questions:
1. After reading the Opcode, the source and destination operand data are stored in
A. ALU itself
B. Registers
C. Counters
D. None of the above
ANS : B
2. Symbolic representation of instructions use which type of addressing mode?
A. Register addressing
B. Memory addressing
C. Immediate addressing D. All of the above
ANS : D
3. Address of the next instruction can be obtained from
A. Opcode
B. Program counter
C. Instruction queue
D. Any of the above
ANS : B
4. What is the maximum number of addresses that an instruction (opcode) can contain?
A. Eight
B. Six
C. Four
D. Two
ANS : B
5. This code can be used to characters
A. Morse code
B. Hexadecimal code
C. Binary code
D. ASCII code
ANS : D
6. Data transfer type instruction can involve
A. Data to & from memory B. Data between registers
C. Data between I/O
D. All of the above
ANS : D
7. This block is always used between instructions
A. ALU
B. Register
C. Memory
D. None of the above
ANS : B
8. Logical shifts are used for
A. Obtain next instruction address
C. Perform arithmetic operation
B. Shift address bits
D. Isolating fields within a data word
ANS : D
9. These operation may involve the DMA controller
A. Arithmetic instructions B. I/O Instructions
C. Logical instructions
D. None of the above
ANS : B
10. Only instructions with special permission are allowed to change the contents of
A. Memory
B. Instruction registers
C. Control registers D. All of the above
ANS : C
11. Branches and jumps are types of
A. Arithmetic instructions B. Data or Logical instructions
C. I/O instructions
D. Transfer of control instructions
ANS : D
12. Modularity helps in
A. Exceptions
B. Data transfer
C. Procedure calls D. None of the above
ANS : C
13. Return addresses can be stored in
A. Top of the stack
B. Return address register
C. Procedure call
D. All of the above
ANS : A
14. Stack frames are primarily used in
A. Logical instructions
B. Arithmetic instructions
C. Call/Return instructions D. None of the above
ANS : C
15. SIMD instructions are typically used in
A. Arithmetic operations B. MMX – graphics and math operations
C. Signal processing
D. All of the above
ANS : B
16. Memory management operations are performed by
A. User
B. Programmer
C. Operating system
D. Hardware
ANS : C
Fill up the blanks:
1. Instruction are represented as ___________ bits and is called __________.
ANS : binary, opcode
2. The decimal point in binary and decimal number representations are also called as
__________.
ANS : Radix
3. The _______________ stores the most significant bit in the highest numerical address.
ANS : Little-endian style
4. Arithmetic and data instructions are classified as data _________ instructions.
ANS : Transfer/Processing
5. In previous processor generations, the _____________ was used to perform arithmetic
and logic operations.
ANS : Accumulator
6. The instruction size is dependent upon the ________ of the processor.
ANS : Number of registers
7. In the BCD representation, each bit is stored as a ______________.
ANS : 4-bit sequence
8. The type of data transfer is dependent upon the addressing __________ used in the
instruction.
ANS : mode
9. ____________ instructions are used to modify control registers.
ANS : System Control
10. Branch instructions use the ____________ extensively.
ANS : Stack
11. A procedure call within a procedure call is called _______________.
ANS : Nested procedure call
12. Entire information after program invocation such as return address registers are stored
in _______________.
ANS : Stack
13. In the x86 architecture, the __________ command can perform all of the call/return
instruction functions.
ANS : ENTER
14. Memory management by operating system can be perform only due to its _________
status.
ANS : Privileged
15. The _______________ procedure has several open calls to it.
ANS : Reentrant
16. A collection of different types of instructions with various addressing modes is called
__________.
ANS : Instruction set architecture (ISA)