Relevant Literature
Aharon, P.. 1991. Recorders of reef environment histories: Stable isotopes in corals, giant
clams, and calcareous algae. Coral reefs 10(2):71-90.
Albertelli, G.; Arnaud, P.M. 1990. Ecological aspects of the deep macrobenthos of the
Ross Sea: the bivalves. National Scientific Commission for Antarctica, Genoa, p.241-245.
Anderson, B. and Chagué-Goff, C. 1996. Benthic foraminifera and trace metals in
sediments off the Scott Base sewer outfall, Antarctica. Victoria University of Wellington.
Antarctic Data Series 18 :1-34.
Andres, H.G., Arntz, W., Barthel, D., Bartsch, I., Brandt, A., Cairns, StD. and H.U. Dahms.
1990. Fauna of Antarctica. PAUL PAREY, BERLIN, 217 pp.
Arnaud, P.M. 1977. Adaptations within the antarctic marine benthic ecosystem. IN G.A.
Llano (ed.), Adaptations within antarctic ecosystems. Proceedings of the third SCAR
Symposium on Antarctic Biology, Washington, D.C., August 26-30, 1974, p.135-157.
Arnaud, P.M. et al. 1998. Semi-quantitative study of macrobenthic fauna in the region of
the South Shetland Islands and the Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Biol. 19(3):160-166.
Arnaud, P.M., Heywood, R.B., Light, J.J. et al. 1975. Bottom life under Antarctic ice
shelves. Nature 256(5517):521.
Arntz, W.E., Brey, T. and Gallardo, V.A. 1994. Antarctic zoobenthos. Oceanography and
marine biology 32:241-304.
Arntz, W.E., Brey, T., Gerdes, D., Gorny, M., Gutt, J., Hain, S. 1992. Patterns of life history
and population dynamics of benthic invertebrates under the high Antarctic conditions
of the Weddell Sea. IN Colombo, G., Ferrari, I., Ceccherelli, V.U., Rossi, R. (eds.),
MARINE EUTROPHICATION AND POPULATION DYNAMICS, WITH A SPECIAL
SECTION ON THE ADRIATIC SEA. 25th EUROPEAN MARINE BIOLOGY
SYMPOSIUM. p. 221-230.
Arntz, W.E., Gutt, J. and M. Klages. 1997. Antarctic marine biodiversity: an overview. IN
Battaglia, B., Valencia, J. & D.W.H. Walton (eds.). Antarctic communities: species,
structure and survival. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York &
Melbourne. 464 pp.
Bargagli, R., Nelli, L., Ancora, S. and S. Focardi. 1996. Elevated cadmium accumulation in
marine organisms from Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica). Polar biology 16(7):513-520.
Barnes and Bullough. 1996. Some observations on the diet and distribution of nudibranchs
at Signy Island, Antarctica. J. Molluscan Stud. 62(3) 281-287.
Barnes. 1999. Do life patterns differ between two Scotia Arc localities? A preliminary
investigation of three erect Antarctic bryozoan species. Antarct Sci. 11(3) 275-282
Barry, J.P. 1994. Ocean current observations near McMurdo Station, Antarctica from 1991 to
1993: relation to wastewater discharge dispersal. EG&G Idaho, Inc., No. C93-134040.
Barry, J.P. and P.K. Dayton . 1988. Current patterns in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica and
their relationship to local biotic communities. Polar Biology 8(5):367-376.
Barry, J.P., Dayton, P.K. et al. 1986. Oceanographic influences on marine benthic
communities in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Antarctic journal of the United States
21(5):180-182.
Barry, J.P., Dayton, P.K., Dunbar, R., Leventer-Reed, A.R. et al.
1990. Winter
oceanographic observations in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Antarctic journal of the
United States 25(5):106-107.
Barry, J.P.; Dayton, P.K.. 1988. Current patterns in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica and their
relationship to local biotic communities. Polar Biology 8(5):367-376.
Barthel, D. 1992. Do hexactinellids structure Antarctic sponge associations? Ophelia
36(2):111-118.
Barthel, D. 1997. Fish eggs and pentacrinoids in Weddel Sea hexactinellids: Further
examples for the structureing role of sponges in Antarctic benthic ecosystems. Polar.
Biol. 17(1) 91-94.
Battershill, C.N. 1989. Distribution and abundance of benthic marine species at Cape
Armitage, Ross Island, Antarctica - initial results. New Zealand Antarctic Record
9(2):35-52.
Battershill, C.N. 1990. Temporal changes in Antarctic marine benthic community
structure. New Zealand Antarctic Record;10(1):23-27.
Beckers, C.V., Cook, D.O., Falla, M.J., Parker, G.C. and M.J. Speranza. 1986. Currents,
water quality, bottom sediments, and bathymetry in McMurdo Sound near McMurdo
Station. Antarctic Journal of the United States 21(4):12-14.
Bemis, B.E.; Geary, D.H.. 1996. The usefulness of bivalve stable isotope profiles as
environmental indicators: Data from the eastern Pacific Ocean and the southern
Caribbean Sea. Palaios 11(4):328-339.
Berkman, P.A. 1988. Conservation of the Antarctic benthos. MARITIMES 32 (4):11-12.
Berkman, P.A.. 1997. Ecological variability in Antarctic coastal environments: past and
present. IN Antarctic Communities: Species, Structure and Survival, Cambridge
University Press, p349-357.
Bett, B.J. and A.L. Rice. 1992. The influence of hexactinellid sponge (Pheronema
carpenteri) spicules on the patchy distribution of macrobenthos in the Porcupine
Seabight (bathyal NE Atlantic). Ophelia 36(3):217-226.
Bockus, D. 1999. Anchor ice disturbance in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica and the structure
of benthic infaunal communities. MS Thesis, CSU Stanislaus/MLML, 54 pp.
Bockus, D.W. 1999. Seasonal anchor ice disturbance in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica and the
structure of benthic infaunal communities . Masters Thesis at Moss Landing Marine
Laboratories.
Boundy-Sanders, S.Q., Sandberg, C.A., Murchey, B.L. and A.G. Harris. 1999. A late
Frasnian (Late Devonian) radiolarian, sponge spicule, and conodont fauna from the
Slaven Chert, northern Shoshone Range, Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada.
Micropaleontology 45(1):62-68.
Brasier, M.; Green, O.; Shields, G.. 1997. Ediacarian sponge spicule clusters from
southwestern Mongolia and the origins of the Cambrian fauna. Geology 25(4):303-306.
Bretz, C.K., J.S. Oliver, B.H. Konar and S.L. Kim. Benthic community changes around a raw
sewage discharge in Antarctica. in preparation.
Brey and Gerdes. 1998. High-Antarctic macrobenthic community production. J. Exp. Mar.
Biol. Ecol. 231(2) 191-200.
Brey, T., Klages, M., Dahm, C., Gorny, M., Gutt, J., Hain, S., Stiller, M., Arntz, W.E., Wagele,
J.W. and A. Zimmermann. 1994. Antarctic benthic diversity. NATURE 368(6469):297.
Bullivant, J.S. 1959. An oceanographic survey of the Ross Sea. Nature 184(4684):422-423.
Bullivant, JS. 1967. Ecology of the Ross Sea benthos. Bulletin of New Zealand department
of science and research 176:49-75.
Cantone, G. 1995. Polychaete fauna of the Ross Sea (Antarctica). ANIMALIA 21:19-26.
Cattaneo-Vietti, R. 1991. Nudibranch molluscs from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Journal of
Molluscan Studies supplement 57(4):223-228.
Cattaneo-Vietti, R. and Gambi, M.C. 1995. Ecological studies on benthos at Terra Nova
Bay (Ross Sea): an overview of the Italian Antarctic Research Programme (1987/92).
Ambiente Antartide 6:18-23.
Cheng, X.H., Wang, Y.H., Xia, W.P., Zhang, H.S. et al. 1993. Research on the benthic
ecology environment, antarctic ocean: 1. Maxwell Bay and Admiralty Bay. Antarctic
research 4(1):62-70.
Clarke, A. 1996. Benthic marine habitats in Antarctica. IN R.M. Ross, E.E. Hofmann and
L.B. Quetin (eds.), Foundations for ecological research west of the Antarctic Peninsula,
p.123-133.
Clarke, A., Crame, J.A. et al. 1992. Southern ocean benthic fauna and climate change: a
historical perspective. Royal Society of London. Philosophical transactions Series B
338(1285):299-309.
Clarke, A.. 1996. Marine benthic populations in Antarctica: patterns and processes. IN
Ross, R.M., E.E. Hofmann and L.B. Quetin (eds), Foundations for ecological research
west of the Antarctic Peninsula, .373-388.
Clarke, A.; Crame, J.A.; et al. 1992. Southern ocean benthic fauna and climate change: a
historical perspective. Royal Society of London. Philosophical transactions. Series B
338(1285:299-309.
Conlan, K. E., G. H. Rau, G. N. A. McFeters, and R. G. Kvitek. 2000. Influence of McMurdo
Station sewage on Antarctic marine benthos: evidence from stable isotopes, bacteria,
and biotic indices. IN Davison, W., C. Howard-Williams, and P. Broady (eds.),
Antarctic Ecosystems: Models for wider ecological understanding, pp 315-318. New
Zealand Natural Sciences, Caxton Press, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Conlan, K.E., H.S. Lenihan, R.G. Kvitek, J.S. Oliver. 1998. Ice scour disturbance to benthic
communities in the Canadian high arctic. Marine Ecology Progress Series 166: 1-16.
Conlan, K.E., Lenihan, H.S., Kvitek, R.G. and Oliver, J.S.. 1998. Ice scour disturbance to
benthic communities in the Canadian high arctic. Marine Ecology Progress Series 166: 116.
Dawber, M. and Powell, R.D. 1997. Epifaunal distributions at antarctic marine-ending
glaciers: influences of ice dynamics and sedimentation. IN C.A. Ricci (ed.), International
Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences, 7th, Siena, Italy, Sep. 10-15, 1995. Proceedings,
p.875-884.
Dawber, M. and R.D. Powell. 1995. Observations made by remotely operated vehicle of
epifauna near the Mackay Glacier Tongue. Antarctic Journal of the United States
30(5):152-153.
Dayton, P. K., G. A. Robilliard and A. L. Devries. 1969. Anchor ice formation in McMurdo
Sound, Antarctica and its biological effects. Science 163:273-274.
Dayton, P.K. 1975. Benthic communities of McMurdo Sound. Antarctic journal of the
United States 10(4):136-137.
Dayton, P.K. 1989. Interdecadal variation in an Antarctic sponge and its predators from
oceanographic climate shifts. Science 245: 1484-1486.
Dayton, P.K. et al. 1974. Biological accommodation in the benthic community at McMurdo
sound, Antarctica. Ecol. Monogr.. 44: pp 105-128.
Dayton, P.K. Robilliard, G.A. et al. 1971. Benthic community near McMurdo Station.
Antarctic J. U.S. 6(3):.54-56.
Dayton, P.K., G.A. Robillard and R.T. Paine. 1980. Benthic faunal zonation as a result of
anchor ice at McMurdo Station, Antarctica. In Holdgate, M.W. (ed.) Antarctic Ecology.
Academic Press, London, pp 244-258.
Dayton, P.K., Newman, W.A., Oliver, J. et al. 1982. Vertical zonation of the deep-sea
antarctic acorn barnacle, Bathylasma corolliforme (Hoek): experimental transplants
from the shelf into shallow water. Journal of biogeography 9(2):95-109.
Dayton, P.K., Oliver, J.S. et al. 1977. Processes organizing contrasting benthic communities
of McMurdo Sound. Antarctic journal of the United States 12(4):20-21.
Dayton, P.K.. 1989. Interdecadal variation in an antarctic sponge and its predators from
oceanographic climate shifts. Science 245(4925):1484-1486.
Dayton, P.K.; Oliver, J.S.. 1977. Antarctic soft-bottom benthos in oligotrophic and
eutrophic environments. Science 197(4435):55-58.
Dayton, P.K.; Oliver, J.S.; et al . 1978. Long-term experimental benthic studies in McMurdo
Sound.. Antarctic journal of the United States 13(4):136-137.
Dayton, P.K.; Robilliard, G.A.; R. T. Paine and L. B. Dayton. 1974.
Biological
accommodation in the benthic community at McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Ecological
Monographs 44(1):105-128.
Dearborn, J.H. 1965. Ecological and faunistic investigations of the marine benthos at
McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Ph.D. thesis, Stanford University, 238p.
Dearborn, J.H., Watling, L.E., Edwards, K.C., Fratt, D.B. and G. Hendler. 1982.
Echinoderm biology and general benthic collecting along the Antarctic Peninsula.
Antarctic Journal of the United States 17(5):162-164.
Dell, R.K. 1990. Antarctic Mollusca with special reference to the fauna of the Ross Sea.
ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW ZEALAND BULLETIN 27:1-311.
Drescher, H.E., Hubold, G., Piatkowski, U., Ploetz, J. and J. Voss. 1983. The biological
program of Antarctic-1-Expedition 1983 with RV Polarstern data collections of
plankton-, benthos-, and bottom trawl catches and lists of samplings of seals and
birds.Berichte zur Polarforschung/Reports on polar research. Bremerhaven 12, 34 pp.
Dunbar, R.B., Leventer, A.R., Stockton, W.L. et al. 1989.
Biogenic sedimentation in
McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. IN R.D. Powell and A. Elverhöi (eds.), Modern
glacimarine environments: glacial and marine controls of modern lithofacies and
biofacies, p.155-179.
Dunbar, R.B.; Leventer, A.; et al. 1991. Circulation in eastern McMurdo Sound, Antarctica,
January through November 1990. Antarctic journal of the United States 27(5):117-120.
Ekau and Gutt. 1991. Notothenioid fishes from the Weddell sea and their habitat,
observed by underwater photography and television. Proc. NIPR Symp. Polar Biol, 4,
36-49.
El-Sayed, SZ; Tomo, AP (eds). 1987. Benthic macroinfauna of Antarctic sub-littoral soft
bottoms. ANTARCTIC AQUATIC BIOLOGY. PROCEEDINGS OF THE REGIONAL
SYMPOSIUM ON RECENT ADVANCES IN ANTARCTIC AQUATIC BIOLOGY WITH
SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA REGION, HELD IN SAN
CARLOS DE BARILOCHE, ARGENTINA, 6-10 JUNE 1983 p 73-86.
Faranda, F., Guglielmo, L. and A. Ianora (eds.). 2000. Ross Sea ecology : Italiantartide
Expeditions (1987-1995). Springer, Berlin ; New York, 604 p.
Gambi, M.C. and A. Castelli. 1994. First quantitative data on coastal soft bottoms
populations off Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica): polychaetes. IN F. Faranda and
L. Guglielmo (eds.), Ross Sea expeditions 1987-1988 and 1989-1990: Data report, Part III,
physical, chemical and biological oceanography. National Scientific Commission for
Antarctica, Genoa, p.179-186.
Gambi, M.C., Lorenti, M., Russo, G.F. and M.B. Scipione. 1994. Benthic associations of the
shallow hard bottoms off Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea: Zonation, biomass and population
structure. ANTARCTIC SCI. 6(4):449-462.
Gambi, M.C., Mazzella, L. et al. 1992. Quantitative and functional studies on coastal
benthic communities of Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica): hard bottoms.
International Seminar on Oceanography in Antarctica. Proceedings: Concepción, ENEA-Centro EULA--Chile, 1992, p.409-415.
Gambi, M.C.; Mazzella, L. 1991. Second Italian Oceanographic Expedition in the Ross
Sea, Antarctica: preliminary report on the quantitative and functional studies of benthic
communities of Terra Nova Bay. National Scientific Commission for Antarctica, Genoa,
p.349-367.
George, R.Y. 1977. Dissimilar and similar trends in antarctic and arctic marine benthos. IN
M.J. Dunbar (ed.), Polar oceans. Proceedings of the Polar Oceans Conference, Montreal,
May 1974, p.391-408.
Ghiold, J. 1989. Species distributions of irregular echinoids. Biological Oceanography
6(1):79-162.
Gilmour, A.E. 1975. McMurdo Sound hydrological observations, 1972-73. New Zealand
journal of marine and freshwater research 9(1):75-95.
Gilmour, A.E.; Macdonald, W.J.P.; Van der Hoeven, F.G.. 1960. Ocean currents in
McMurdo Sound. Nature 187(4740):867.
Gordon, S.H. 1981. Boundary layer flow under and antarctic ice sheet. Ph.D. thesis,
Flinders University of South Australia School of Earth Sciences No.37, 144p.
Grebmeier, J.M.; Barry, J.P.; et al. 1991. Influence of oceanographic processes on pelagicbenthic coupling in polar regions: a benthic perspective. Journal of marine systems 2(34):495-518.
Gutt and Ekau. 1996. Habitat partitioning of dominant high Antarctic demsersal fish in the
Weddel Sea and Lazarev Sea. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 206(1) pp. 25-37.
Gutt and Starmans. 1998. Structure and biodiversity of megabenthos in the Weddell and
Lazarev seas (Antarctica): ecological role of physical parameters and biological
interactions. Polar Biol. 20:229-247
Gutt et al. 1996. Impact of iceberg scouring on polar benthic habitats. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.
137(1-3) 311-316.
Gutt, J.; Starmans, A.; Dieckmann, G.. 1996. Impact of iceberg scouring on polar benthic
habitats. Marine ecology progress series 137(1-3):311-316.
Gutt. 1996. The multi-storied habitat on the Antarctic sea floor. A biodiversity study.
Annu. Rep. AWI Polar Mar. Res. 1994-1995. pp 26-28.
Hamada, E., Numanami, E., Naito, Y. and A. Taniguchi. 1986. Observation of the marine
benthic organisms at Syowa Station in Antarctica using a remotely operated vehicle.
MEM. NATL. INST. POLAR BIOL. 40:289-298.
Heath, R.A. 1971. Circulation and hydrology under the seasonal ice in McMurdo Sound,
Antarctica. New Zealand journal of marine and freshwater research 5(3/4):497-515.
Heath, R.A. 1977. Circulation across the ice shelf edge in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. IN
Dunbar, M.J. (ed.), Polar oceans. Proceedings of the Polar Oceans Conference held at
McGill University, Montreal, May, 1974, Arctic Institute of North America, Calgary,
p.129-149.
Hempel, G. 1985. On the biology of polar seas, particularly the southern ocean. IN J.S.
Gray and M.E. Christiansen (eds.), Marine biology of polar regions and effects of stress
on marine organisms. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, U.K., p.3-33.
Hempel, G. 1987. The biology of the polar oceans--a comparison. Polarforschung
57(3):173-189.
Heywood, R.B., Light, J.J. et al. 1975. First direct evidence of life under Antarctic shelf ice.
Nature 254(5501):591-592.
Hicks, G.R.F. 1974. Variation in zooplankton biomass with hydrological regime beneath
the seasonal ice, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. New Zealand journal of marine and
freshwater research 8(1):67-77.
Hidaka, H. Tanabe, S. Kawano, M. Tatsukawa, R. et al. 1984. Fate of DDTs, PCBs and
chlordane compounds in the antarctic marine ecosystem. National Institute of Polar
Research Memoirs special issue 32:151-161.
Howington, J.P., McFeters, G.A., Barry, J.P. and J.J. Smith. 1992. Distribution of the
McMurdo station sewage plume. Marine Pollution Bulletin 25(9-12):324-327.
Inoue, M. 1984. Correlation of the spicule assemblage in the sediment with the spicule
assemblage of living sponges in Sagami Bay, Central Japan. Proceedings of the Japan
Academy 60B(6):165-168.
Kaufmann, and Smith. 1997. Epibenthic communities in the northwestern Weddell Sea:
Results from high-resolution trawl surveys. Antarct. J. U.S. 32(5) 88-89.
Keller, N.B. and F.A. Pasternak. 1996. The coral fauna of the Antarctic shelf and slope and
the problem of its role in the formation of the recent deep-ocean bottom fauna (Fauna
korallov Antarkticheskogo shel'fa i kontinental'nogo sklona i vopros o ee roli v
protsesse formirovaniya sovremennoj glubokovodnoj donnoj fauny okeana).
Okeanologiya 36(4):583-587.
Kennicutt, M.C., S.J. McDonald, J.L. Sericano, P. Boothe, J.S. Oliver, S. Safe, B.J. Presley, H.
Liu, D. Woulfe, T.L. Wade, A. Crockett and D. Bockus. 1995. Human contamination of
the marine environment - Arthur Harbor and McMurdo Sound, Antarctica.
Environmental Science and Technology 29: 1279-1287.
Knox, G.A. 1994. The biology of the Southern Ocean. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 444 pp.
Knox, G.A. Kerry, K.R., Hempel, G. 1990. Primary production and consumption in
McMurdo Sound, Antarctica.
IN Antarctic ecosystems: ecological change and
conservation, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p.115-128.
Konecki and Targett. 1989. Eggs and larvae of Nototheniops larseni from the spongocoel of
a hexactinellid sponge near Hugo Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Biol. 10:197-198
Kvitek, R.G., C.K. Bretz, P.J. Iampietro. 1998. McMurdo Station, Antarctica: Winter
Quarters Bay Marine Debris Study. NSF/NOAA report/CD ROM.
Landrum, B.J. 1981. Support of Biological Studies. ANARCT. J. U.S. 15(5):226.
Lenihan, H. S., Oliver, J. S., Oakden, J. M. and Stephenson, M. A. 1990. Intense and localized
benthic marine pollution at McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Marine Pollution Bulletin
21(9): 422-430.
Lenihan, H.S. 1993. Benthic marine pollution around McMurdo Station, Antarctica: a
summary of findings. Marine Pollution Bulletin 25(9-12): 318-323.
Lenihan, H.S. and J.S. Oliver. 1995. Impacts of anthropogenic and natural disturbances to
marine benthic communities in Antarctica. Ecological Applications 5:311-326.
Lenihan, H.S., J.S. Oliver, J.M. Oakden and M.A. Stevenson. 1990. Intense and localized
benthic marine pollution around McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Marine Pollution
Bulletin 21(9): 422-430.
Lenihan, H.S., K.A. Keist, K.E. Conlan, P.N. Slattery, B.H. Konar, and J.S. Oliver. 1995.
Patterns of survival and behavior in Antarctic benthic invertebrates exposed to
contaminated sediments: field and laboratory bioassay experiments. Journal
Experimental Marine Biology Ecology 192: 233-255.
Lenihan, H.S.. 1992. Benthic marine pollution around McMurdo station, Antarctica: a
summary of findings. Marine Pollution Bulletin 25(9-12):318-323.
Lenihan, H.S.; Oliver, J.S. 1995. Anthropogenic and natural disturbances to marine benthic
communities in Antarctica. Ecological applications 5(2):311-326.
Leventer, A.R. 1988. Recent biogenic sedimentation on the antarctic continental margin.
Ph.D. thesis, Rice University, Houston, 238p.
Lewis, CVW; Davis, CS; Gawarkiewicz, G.. 1994. Wind forced biological-physical
interactions on an isolated offshore bank. DEEP-SEA RES. II 41(1):51-73.
Lewis, E.L., Perkin, R.G., Jacobs, S.S.. 1985. Winter oceanography of McMurdo Sound,
Antarctica. Antarctic Research Series 43:145-165.
Leys, S.P.; Lauzon, N.R.J.. 1998. Hexactinellid sponge ecology: growth rates and
seasonality in deep water sponges. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and
Ecology 230(1):111-129.
Lipps, J.H., DeLaca, T.E. et al. 1977. Ross Ice Shelf Project--benthic biology, 1976-1977.
Antarctic journal of the United States 12(4):32-33.
Lipps, J.H., Ronan, T.E., T.E. DeLaca. 1979. Life below the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica.
Science 203(4379):447-449.
Littlepage, J.L. 1965. Oceanographic investigations in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. IN
G.A. Llano (ed.), Biology of the Antarctic Seas II. Washington, Amer. Geophys. Union,
Antarctic Res. Ser., vol.5, (Natl. Res. Council Publ. No.1297), p.1-37.
Littlepage, J.L. 1967. Oceanographic and zooplankton investigations in McMurdo Sound,
Ross Sea, Antarctica. Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 242p.
Liu, W. T., T. L. Marsh, H. Cheng, and L. J. Forney. 1997. Characterization of microbial
diversity by determining terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism of genes
encoding 16S rRNA. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:4516-4522.
Lowry, J.K. 1975. Soft bottom macrobenthic community of Arthur Harbor, Antarctica. IN
Pawson, D.L. (ed), Biology of the Antarctic seas V, p.1-19.
Matsuda, O., Ishikawa, S., Kawaguchi, K., Kerry, K.R., Hempel, G. 1990. Seasonal
variation of particulate organic matter under the Antarctic fast ice and its importance to
benthic life. IN Antarctic ecosystems: ecological change and conservation, SpringerVerlag, Berlin, p.141-148.
McClintock, J.B. 1994. Trophic biology of antarctic shallow-water echinoderms. Marine
ecology progress series 111(1-2):191-202.
McClintock. 1997. A review of the chemical ecology of Antarctic marine invertebrates.
Am. Zool. 37(4) 329-342.
Mills, E.L., Hessler, R.R. et al. 1974. Antarctic benthic communities: Hudson '70 expedition.
Antarctic journal of the United States 9(6):312-316.
Mitchell, W.M., Bye, J.A.T., Jacobs, S.S. 1985. Observations in the boundary layer under the
sea ice in McMurdo Sound. Antarctic Research Series 43:167-176.
Moss Landing Marine Laboratories. 1994. Biological impacts of anthropogenic disturbances
to marine benthos near McMurdo Station, Antarctica: benthic monitoring program
1988-1993 data report. Prepared for NSF-DPP, June 1994.
Muehlenhardt-Siegel, U. 1989. Quantitative investigations of Antarctic zoobenthos
communities in winter (May/June) 1986 with special references to the sediment
structure. ARCH. FISCHEREIWISS. 39(1):123-141.
Neal, V.T., Crew, H., Broome, R. et al. 1976. Oceanographic measurements under winter
sea ice in McMurdo Sound. Antarctic journal of the United States 11(4):235-239.
Nonato, EF; Brito, TAS; Paiva, PC; Petti, MAV. 1992. Brazilian Antarctic Program: Project
"Bionomy of Antarctic Benthic Fauna". Subaquatic activities carried out in Admiralty
Bay since the 6th expedition (1988). (Programa Antartico Brasileiro: Projeto "Bionomia
da Fauna Bentonica Antartica" atividades subaquaticas realizadas na baia do
Almirantado a partir da VI expedicao (1988)). Relatorio interno do Instituto
Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo. Sao paulo [RELAT. INTERN. INST.
OCEANOGR. UNIV. SAO PAULO],33:1-12.
Nonato, EF; Petti, MAV; Paiva, PC; Brito, TAS. 1992. Brazilian Antarctic Program:
Sampling of benthic organisms carried out during six expeditions (1982 to 1988) aboard
R/V Prof. W. Besnard. (Programa Antartico Brasileiro: Amostragem de organismos
bentonicos realizadas nas seis primeiras expedicoes (1982 a 1988), com a participacao do
N/Oc. Prof. W. Besnard). Relatorio interno do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de
Sao Paulo. Sao paulo [RELAT. INTERN. INST. OCEANOGR. UNIV. SAO PAULO]32:112.
Numanami, H. 1998. Antarctic marine benthos community. AQUABIOLOGY 20(3): 174179.
Oliver, J. S.. 1980. Processes affecting the organization of marine soft-bottom communities
in Monterey Bay, California and McMurdo Sound Antarctica. PhD Dissertation,
University of California, San Diego.
Oliver, J.S. 1980. Processes affecting the organization of marine soft-bottom communities in
Monterey Bay, California and McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. PhD Dissertation,
University of California, San Diego.
Oliver, J.S., Watson, D.J., O'Connor, E.F., Dayton, P.K. et al. 1976. Benthic communities of
McMurdo Sound. Antarctic journal of the United States 11(2):58-59.
Osborn, A. M., E. R. B. Moore, and K. N. Timmis. 2000. An evaluation of terminalrestriction fragment length polymorphism (T_RFLP) analysis for the study of microbial
community structure and dynamics. Environ. Microbiol. 2(1):39-50.
Parulekar, AH; Ansari, ZA; Harkantra, SN. 1983. Benthic fauna of the Antarctic Ocean quantitative aspects. SCIENTIFIC REPORT OF FIRST INDIAN EXPEDITION TO
ANTARCTICA. TECHNICAL PUBLICATION NO. 1., 1983, pp. 213-218, TECH. PUBL.
SCI. REP. FIEA., no. 1(1):213-218.
Pearse, J.S. et al. 1986. Contrasting tempos of reproduction by shallow-water animals in
McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Antarctic journal of the United States 21(5):182-184.
Pearse, J.S.; McClintock, J.B.. 1991. Reproduction of Antarctic benthic marine invertebrates:
tempos, modes, and timing. American Zoologist 31(1):65-80.
Peck, L.S., Brockington, S., Vanhove, S. and M.Beghyn. 1999. Community recovery
following catestrophic iceberg impacts in a soft-sediment shallow water site at Signy
Island, Antarctica. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 186:1-8.
Poore, G.C.B., Just, J. and B.F. Cohen. 1994. Composition and diversity of Crustacea
Isopoda of the southeastern Australian continental slope. DEEP-SEA RES. A 41(4):677693.
Prebble, M.M. 1968. Ice breakout, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. New Zealand Journal of
Geology and Geophysics 11(4):908-921.
Quintana, R. 1986. The Antarctic benthic communities. Boletin antartico chileno 6(1):4454.
Reed, S.C. and R.S. Sletten. 1989. Waste management practices of the United States
Antarctic Program. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and
Engineering Laboratory, CRREL Special Report 89-3, Hanover, NH. 28pp.
Retamal, M.A., Quintana, R. and F. Neira. 1982. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of
the benthic communities in Foster Bay (Isla Decepcion) (35 Chilean Antarctic
Expedition, January 1981). Serie cientifica Instituto Antartico chileno 29:5-15.
Risebrough, R.W., de Lappe, B.W. and C. Younghans-Haug. 1990. PCB and PCT
contamination in Winter Quarters Bay, Antarctica. Marine Pollution Bulletin 21: 523529.
Rosso, A. 1991. Infralittoral Bryozoa associated to macroalgae from the first Italian
Antarctic oceanographic expedition (Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea). Boletin de la Sociedad
de Biologia de Concepcion 62:179-186.
Savage, J.M., Geiger, S.R.; et al. 1966. Patterns of vertical and horizontal distribution of the
pelagic and benthic fauna in Antarctic seas. Antarctic J. U.S., 1(5):221.
Sieg, J. and J.W. Wagele (eds.). 1990. Fauna der Antarktis. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin.
Slattery, M. and D. Bockus. 1997. Sedimentation in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: a
disturbance mechanism for benthic invertebrates. Polar biology 18(3):172-179.
Sobey, E.J.C. 1975. Antarctic winter oceanography. Sea frontiers 21(5):283-290.
Starmans, A. 1997. Comparative studies on the ecology and biodiversity of the Arctic and
Antarctic mega-epibenthos. [Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Okologie und
Biodiversität des Mega-Epibenthos der Arktis und Antarktis.] Berichte zur
Polarforschung/Reports on Polar Research 250:1-150.
Starmans, A., Gutt, J. and Arntz. 1999. Mega-epibenthic communities in Arctic and
Antarctic shelf areas. Marine biology 135(2):269-280.
Strömberg, J.O. 1991. Marine ecology of polar seas: a comparison Arctic/Antarctic. IN J.
Mauchline and T. Nemoto (eds.), Marine biology. Its accomplishment and future
prospect. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p.247-261.
Thatje, S. and Mutschke. 1999. Distribution of abundance, biomass, production and
productivity of macrozoobenthos in the sub-Antarctic Magellan province (South
America). Polar biology 22(1):31-37.
Tressler, W.L. 1962. Marine bottom productivity at McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Polar
Rec. 11(72):331, also SCAR Bull. No.12:180.
Tressler, W.L. and A.M. Ommundsen. 1962. Seasonal oceanographic studies in McMurdo
Sound, Antarctica. U.S. Navy Hydrographic Office, Technical Report TR-125,
Washington, DC. 141 pp.
Voss, J. 1988. Zoogeography and community analysis of macrozoobenthos of the Weddell
Sea (Antarctica). ( Zoogeographie und Gemeinschaftsanalyse des Makrozoobenthos des
Weddellmeeres (Antarktis)). BER. POLARFORSCH./REP. POLAR RES.45:1-145.
Waegele, H. 1987. The distribution of some Antarctic nudibranchs (Opisthobranchia).
Journal of Molluscan Studies 53(2):179-188.
Waegele, J.W., Brito, T.A.S. 1990. The sublittoral fauna of the marine Antarctic. First
underwater viewings in the Admirality Bay. (Die sublitorale Fauna der maritimen
Antarktis. Erste Unterwasserbeobachtungen in der Admiralitaetsbucht). Natur und
Museum. Frankfurt/Main [NAT. MUS.] 120(9):269-282.
Watkins, R. and P.J. Coorough. 1997. Silurian sponge spicules from the Racine formation,
Wisconsin. Journal of Paleontology 71(2):208-214.
Webby, B.D. and J. Trotter. 1993. Ordovician sponge spicules from New South Wales,
Australia. Journal of Paleontology 67(1):28-41.
White, D.C., Smith, G.A. and G.R. Stanton. 1985. Biomass, community structure, and
metabolic activity of the microbiota in benthic marine sediments and sponge spicule
mats. Antarctic Journal of the United States 19(5):125-126.
Winston, J.E. 1990. Life in Antarctic depths. Natural History:70-75.
Wu, B., Chen, M., Wu, Q., Huang, F. 1992. A study on the quantity of shallow sea benthos
in the Great Wall Bay, Antarctica. Antarctic research/Nanji Yanjiu. Shanghai 4(4):55-61.
Wu, Q.Q., Wu, B.L., Chen, M., Huang, F.P. et al. 1993. Community analysis of shallow sea
benthos in Great Wall Bay, Antarctica. Antarctic research 4(1):42-49.
Xiping, D.; Knoll, A.H.. 1996. Middle and Late Cambrian sponge spicules from Hunan,
China. Journal of Paleontology 70(2):173-184.
Yang, Z. Huang, F., Wu, B. 1992. Ecological study of intertidal organisms of the Fildes
Peninsula. Antarctic research/Nanji Yanjiu. Shanghai 4(4):74-83.
Zamorana, J. 1983. Ecological zonation of the sublittoral macrobenthos in South Bay,
Antarctica. (Zonation del macrobentos sublitoral en bahia South, Antartica). Serie
cientifica. Instituto Antartico chileno. Santiago 30:146.
Zhang, X., Lu, P., Zhang, K., Lu, P. 1986. Population distribution of benthos and seasonal
variation of biomass in the inshore water of Davis, Antarctica. (Nanji Davis jinhai diqi
dongwu de yanjiu I. Shuliang fenbu ji shengwuliang de jijie bianhua). A COLLECTION
OF ANTARCTIC SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATIONS. 3., NANJI KEXUE KAOCHA
LUNWENJI 3:141-145.
Zhang, X-G.; Pratt, B.R.. 2000. A varied middle Ordovician sponge spicule assemblage
from western Newfoundland. Journal of Paleontology 74(3):386-393.