8th grade Study guide answers CH 13 and CH11
Ch 9
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
A change in position
A place or an object used to determine change in position or motion of another object
S=d/t
Distance v. time
________ no movement, stopped
Sloped line upward
Total distance / total time
S=d/t=285+65= 350=87.5 km/hr
4
4
9. Speed with direction
10. Rate is distance changed over time
11. Speed up, slow down or change directions
12. 10 m/s – 5 m/s = 5=1.5 m/s2
3
3
13. Constant speed
14. 280+60 =340 = 85km/hr
4
4
Ch 10
1. A push or pull
2. Newtons (N)
3. If they are in the same direction then add the forces together
4. If they are in the opposite directions then subtract the forces
5. When they are balanced
6. Balanced forces cause no motion
7. Inertia increases with mass
8. Weight is gravity’s pull on an object’s mass
9. Free fall
10. Fluid friction or air resistance
11. Force of two object’s rubbing against each other
12. Fluid, sliding, static, rolling
13. An object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest until and outside force acts
upon it
14. The law of Inertia
15. Mass of force
16. Gives equal but opposite force back on your hand
17. A characteristic of a moving object related to the objects mass and velocity
18. Increase mass or velocity
19. Momentum is conserved
Ch 13
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The ability to do work
Energy is transformed
Watt
Joule
Joule
Kinetic
7. Potential
8. Stored energy as a result of the height and the pull of gravity
9. Mechanical – motion and position THERMAL – motion of particles
10. KE =1/2 m v² KE =1/2(5)(6) ² = 180/2 =90Joules
11. Mass and velocity – changes in velocity will increase the KE more dramatically
12.Mechanical
13.Changes form one type of energy to another
14.PE to KE
15.Power
16.Energy cannot be created or destroyed
17. Kinetic
18. Einstein
19.ME = KE + PE
20.Mechanical to thermal
21.See vocab and notes
Ch 11
1.
2.
3.
4.
Increases the surface area that the force is distributed
Pa – pascal
All directions equally according to Pascal’s principle
As you increase elevation pressure will decrease but as you increase depth of water then the
pressure will increase.
5. Our body’s internal blood and other fluids exert enough pressure to equalize air pressure.
6. Pressure that is the same externally and internally.
7. The speed of a fluid will decrease the amount of pressure applied by the fluid.
8. The amount of fluid displaced is equal to the weight of the object. Density!! Mass/volume Know
the units g/ cm² or g/ml
9. Fluids exert pressure equally in all directions when enclosed in a system.
10. The upward force of a fluid (water)
11.The upward force of air
12.Any liquid or gas
13.D=m/v 15.8/14.5 = 1.08 g/cm²
14.It multiplies force by using a fluid enclosed within a system that uses two different size pistons.
15.If it is more dense then it will sink. If it is less then it will float.