Human Disease Handout
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A A Botulism Clostridium botulinum toxin A Plague Yersinia pestis A Smallpox Tularemia Francisella tularensis A Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, Machupo, B Brucellosis Brucella species B Glanders Burkholderia mallei B Melioidosis Burkholderia psuedomallei B Psittacosis Chlamydia psittaci B Q Fever Coxiella burnettii Person to Person Incubation Period (days) Neurological Source: Control of Communicable Diseases Manual, 16th Ed Fleas Infected animal Inhalation NO NO Weakness, dizzy, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting Cranial nerve deficits: double vision, drooping eyes, slurred speech Symmetrical paralysis; respiratory paralysis Death 1-6 YES Flu-like signs Enlarged tender lymph nodes – ‘buboes’ Rapid pneumonia, respiratory failure Toxemia, shock Death 12-14 YES Flu-like signs, vomiting Rash to pustules (skin, throat, mouth) Death NO Flu-like signs, exhaustion Ulcerative lesion, enlarged painful lymph nodes Painful purulent conjunctivitis, Abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting Chest pain, respiratory distress, pneumonia Sepsis Death YES Flu-like signs, fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhea Petechiae, maculopapular to hemorrhagic rash Hepatic damage, renal failure Seizures, shock, coma Death 1-7 1-5 Infected human Arthropods: tick, deer fly, mosquito Inhalation Infected animal tissue Contaminated food Contaminated water Varies with virus Mosquito, ticks Infected human Rodents Contact with infected animal tissue Inhalation Contaminated food Infected animal Inhalation Wound contamination Inhalation Infected body fluids Wound contamination Inhalation of dust from infected bird dander, droppings or secretions Arthropod: ticks Inhalation Infected animal body fluids (urine, milk, blood) 1-14 2-21 1-21 1-14 2 days to years Clinical Signs Flu-like signs, pustules, scabs Respiratory distress; wide mediastinum on x-ray Bloody vomit and diarrhea, abdominal distress Sepsis, shock Death Contaminated food Inhalation Variola major A Ocular Infected animal Inhalation Contaminated food Bacillus anthracis Cutaneous Anthrax Intestinal Transmission Respiratory Disease Potential System Affected Septicemia Category HUMAN DISEASE 7-28 10-40 NO Flu-like signs, cyclic fever, arthritis Orchitis, epididymitis Hepatomegaly Chronic: Neurological, endocarditis YES Flu-like signs, diarrhea Chest pain, pulmonary signs Pustules, ulcerations, swollen lymph nodes Photophobia YES Flu-like signs Pustules, chronic and prostatic abcesses Chest pain, pneumonia, bronchitis Acute sepsis, death NO NO Flu-like signs, rash Extensive pneumonia; endocarditis, myocarditis Encephalitis, arthritis, splenomegaly, jaundice; placentitis, fetal death; coma Flu-like signs, severe sweats, weakness Retrobulbar headache Pneumonitis but no cough or chest pain Granulomatous hepatitis; osteomyelitis, arteritis; endocarditis; neurologic signs; thrombocytopenia In-utero death, placentitis Note: Bioterrorism pathogens may have atypical routes of transmission and clinical manifestations. The information provided in this chart is intended to alert patients and medical personnel to the presence of possible bioterrorism agents. The information should not be used to rule out a diagnosis. B B Viral encephalitis VEE, EEE, WEE B Toxins Clostridium perfringens Ricinus communis Staph. aureus C Nipah Nipah virus C Hantavirus Hantavirus West Nile Fever Rift Valley Fever Infected animal Inhalation Inhalation of aerosolized rodent urine, feces or saliva 2-6 <1 3-14 4-42 Person to Person Incubation Period (days) Neurological Source: Control of Communicable Diseases Manual, 16th Ed 7-14 Contaminated food Inhalation Infected animal Inhalation Mosquito Infected animal tissue Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Consumption of infected animal tissue 3-12 3-14 3-12 Many years Clinical Signs YES Flu-like signs, macular eruptions on upper trunk then body, not face, palms or soles of feet Cough, chest pain, pneumonia Abdominal pain Toxemia NO Flu-like signs, nausea, vomiting Conjunctival congestion Encephalitis, disorientation, seizures Coma, death NO Flu-like signs Vomiting, bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps Kidney failure, shock, death NO Flu-like signs Drowsy, disoriented, neurological signs, seizures Respiratory distress Death NO HPS: Flu-like signs, back pain, myalgia; cough, shortness of breath, dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia; death HFRS: Febrile, hypotension with petechiae, conjunctival injection, oliguria followed by polyuria; shock; convalescent YES Flu-like signs, vomiting, lymphadenopathy Periocular pain, conjunctivitis Encephalitis Death NO Flu-like signs Severe acute respiratory signs Neurological signs Death NO Flu-like signs Petechiae, hemorrhagic fever Retinopathy Encephalitis Death NO Depression, schizophrenia Neurological signs, ataxia, dementia Involuntary muscle spasms Death Mosquito Rift Valley Fever virus BSE, CWD, Scrapie, Others Arthropod mosquito, tick West Nile virus Hendra virus Ocular Human body louse Fleas from flying squirrels Rickettsia prowazekii Cutaneous Typhus Fever Intestinal Transmission Respiratory Disease Potential System Affected Septicemia Category HUMAN DISEASE Note: Bioterrorism pathogens may have atypical routes of transmission and clinical manifestations. The information provided in this chart is intended to alert patients and medical personnel to the presence of possible bioterrorism agents. The information should not be used to rule out a diagnosis.
