Hoplitis (Annosmia) christae (Warncke, 1991)
Nesting biology-Nesting site: In excavated burrows in the ground. Nesting material:
Unknown. (Warncke, 1991f)
Hoplitis (Annosmia) annulata (Latreille, 1811)
Nesting biology-Nesting site: In excavated burrows in rather hard soil (2-8cm deep)
with 1-4 cells at the end of the main burrow or of side burrows. Nesting material:
The brood cells are excavated from the ground, smoothed and hardened on the inside,
but not entirely built of mud. Cell partitions and nest plug are made of mud. The nest
burrow sometimes circumvents obstacles such as small stones. The nest entrance is
hardened and little narrowed, often hidden near a plant base or under a stone. (Ferton,
1892; Le Goff, 2010; Mavromoustakis, 1957b)
Hoplitis (Annosmia) speculum (Benoist, 1934)
Nesting biology-Nesting site: In excavated burrow in rather hard soil. Nesting
material: Unknown. (A. Müller, personal observation)
Hoplitis (Annosmia) tkalcuella Le Goff, 2003
Nesting biology-Nesting site: In excavated burrows in rather hard soil. Entrance
burrow ramifies after a length of ca. 1cm into four branches, each containing 1-3
linearly arranged cells separated from each other by a layer of mud. Nesting
material: Cell partitions and nest plug made of mud. (Le Goff, 2003c, 2010)
Hoplitis (Annosmia) zonalis (Pérez, 1895)
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Excavated vertical burrows in horizontal to slightly
slanting, hard-packed sandy soil. One nest contained a still open brood cell at the end
of a ca. 3cm long burrow, while a second nest contained two closed brood cells at the
end of the ca. 4cm long main burrow and at the end of a very short lateral burrow,
respectively. Nesting material: The brood cells are excavated from the ground,
smoothed and hardened on the inside, but not entirely built of mud. Cell partitions are
made of mud. (Mavromoustakis, 1954b; C. Praz and C. Sedivy, personal observation)
Hoplitis (Bytinskia) erythrogastra (Mavromoustakis,
1954)
Nesting biology: Cleptoparasite of Hoplitis (Annosmia) zonalis and possibly other
species of the subgenus Annosmia. (Mavromoustakis, 1954b; A. Müller, personal
observation)
Hoplitis (Bytinskia) negevensis (Warncke, 1991)
Nesting biology: Cleptoparasite of Hoplitis (Annosmia) christae and possibly other
species of the subgenus Annosmia. (Warncke, 1991f)
Hoplitis (Bytinskia) parasitica (Warncke, 1991)
Nesting biology: Cleptoparasite of Hoplitis (Annosmia) eremophila and probably
other species of the subgenus Annosmia. (Warncke, 1991f)
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) monstrabilis Tkalcu, 2000
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Excavated burrows in sparsely vegetated to bare,
horizontal and hard soil with 5-8 cells attached to the main tunnel or to one another in
a linear series (similar to Hoplitis mocsaryi). The nests are very shallow, some cells
are only 2-2.5cm below the ground surface. Nesting material: The cell partitions are
made of mud. Each cell exhibits a 1-2mm thick cell wall composed of compact soil;
the nature of the cell wall is unclear: it is either a special clay coating transported into
the cell and applied by the female, or it is merely the result of the female smoothing
the inner surface of the newly excavated cell. (Rozen et al., 2009).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) adunca (Panzer, 1798)
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Preexisting cavities: insect burrows and drilled borings
in dead wood; hollow stems (e.g. Phragmites) and drilled borings in stems; abandoned
cells and burrows of other aculeates (e.g. Megachile parietina, Colletes, Anthophora,
Odynerus); holes and crevices in clay and stone walls and in banks; glass tubes.
Nesting material: Cell partitions and nest plug made of mud. The outer surface of the
nest plug is often covered with wood fibers, sand, dust etc. There is a clear tendency
to line the burrow walls completely or partially with mud; in the most extreme case,
the nest consists of a uniform mud cylinder containig several cells. The cells are
delimited both in front and in the rear by two mud partitions glued together, which
might indicate remains of the habit to build entire cells. (Banaszak and Romasenko,
2001; Benoist, 1931; Bosch, Vicens and Blas, 1993; Brechtel, 1986; Friese,
1923; Grandi, 1961; Le Goff, 2004b; Malyshev, 1937; Müller et al., 1997; PopoviciBaznosanu, 1909; Westrich, 1989)
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) anthocopoides (Schenck, 1853)
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Exposed nests built in depressions, cracks or surface
irregularities of stones, rocks or walls; in small rock cavities. Nests contain 1-33,
mostly 3-8 cells. Nesting material: Entire cells are made from rather coarse pebbles
cemented together with mud. The nest is covered by an outer coat of mud and small
pebbles. (Banaszak & Romasenko, 2001; Benoist, 1931; Bonelli, 1971; Eickwort,
1973, 1975; Friese, 1923; Gerstaecker, 1869; Le Goff 2004b; Müller et al.,
1997; Westrich, 1989)
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) benoisti (Alfken, 1935)
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Exposed nests built in depressions, cracks or surface
irregularities of stones and rocks; in small cavities in rocks and stones with 1-3 cells;
insect burrows in the soil. Nesting material: Cell walls and nest plug made of mud;
no pebbles are used as for example in H. anthocopoides. (Benoist, 1931; Le Goff,
2004, personal observation)
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) bihamata (Costa, 1885)
Nesting biology-Nesting site: In small rock cavities containing one cell. Nesting
material: The cell is entirely built from mud intermixed with small pebbles. (Benoist,
1931; Ferton, 1901b)
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) fertoni (Pérez, 1890)
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Preexisting cavities: empty snail shells (e.g. Eobania,
Otala, Theba) with 1-8 cells. Nesting material: Cell partitions and nest plug are made
of mud, sometimes mixed with small pebbles. After the shell is closed, the nest is
neither transported to a protected place nor is the shell opening turned towards the
ground. (Ferton, 1890, 1908; Le Goff, 2003a)
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) lapidaria (Morawitz, 1877)
Nesting biology-Nesting site: In fissures of rocks, similar nests as in Hoplitis
anthocopoides. Nesting material: Mud. (Morawitz, 1877)
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) lepeletieri (Pérez, 1879)
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Exposed nests built in depressions, cracks or surface
irregularities of stones, rocks or walls with 2-8 cells. Nesting material: Entire cells
are made from pebbles cemented together with mud. The nest is covered by an outer
coat of mud. (Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Benoist, 1931; Bonelli, 1969; Ferton,
1901a; Friese, 1923; Gogala, 1999; Westrich, 1989)
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) loti (Morawitz, 1867)
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Exposed nests built in depressions, cracks or surface
irregularities of stones, rocks or walls with mostly 3-4 cells; abandoned cells
of Hoplitis lepeletieri. Nesting material: Entire cells are made from pebbles
cemented together with mud. The nest is covered by an outer coat of mud. (Banaszak
and Romasenko, 2001; Benoist, 1931; Blüthgen, 1920; Friese, 1895, 1923; Micheli,
1931; Morawitz, 1867; Westrich, 1990; A. Müller, personal observation)
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) manicata (Morice, 1901)
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Preexisting cavities: hollow dry stems
of Arundo. Nesting material: Nest plug, cell partitions and large parts of the cell
walls, sometimes entire cells, made of mud. (G. Le Goff, personal observation)
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) marchali (Pérez, 1902)
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Small cavities in rocks. Nesting material: Cell walls
and nest plug made of mud; no pebbles are used as for example in H. anthocopoides.
(Le Goff, 2005b, personal observation)
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) mucida (Dours, 1873)
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Cavities in rocks. Nesting material: Cells walls and
nest plug are made of mud; no pebbles are used as for example in H. anthocopoides.
(Le Goff (2005b, personal observation)
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) ochraceicornis (Ferton, 1902)
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Small cavities in rocks. Nesting material: The cells
are built from mud. (Benoist, 1931; Ferton, 1902)
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) oreades (Benoist, 1934)
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Unknown. Nesting material: A female was observed
to collect mud on the ground. (A. Müller, personal observation)
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) pallicornis (Friese, 1895)
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Holes in stones. Nesting material: The cells are built
from mud and small pebbles. (Gogala, 1999)
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) pici (Friese, 1899)
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Exposed nest on the surface of a large rock. Nesting
material: The cells are made of mud. (P. Hartmann, personal observation)
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) ravouxi (Pérez, 1902)
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Exposed nests built in depressions or surface
irregularities of stones, rocks or walls with 2-8 cells. The species also uses small
cavities in stony substrates containing only one brood cell. Nesting material: Entire
cells are made from pebbles cemented together with mud. The nest is covered by an
outer coat of mud. In small stone or rock cavities, the orifice is closed with a layer of
mud. (Benoist, 1931; Blüthgen, 1920; Stoeckhert, 1933; Westrich, 1989; M.
Herrmann and A. Müller, personal observation)