Office of the
Assistant Disease Investigation Officer/
District Disease Surveillance Officer
Livestock & Dairy
Development
E-mail# adiottsingh@livestockpunjab.gov.pk
hs_usman@yahoo.com
Ph= 0469239017
Out Break Surveillance Report of Black Quarter at
various areas of T.T.Singh
Name of famer:
Farm Name:
Location:
Register breeder:
Contact No :
Saif ullah ( A-One dairy farm), M, Afzal , khalid Mehmood,
Babar Khan (Farmer/ village representative) and all villagers of
in and arround area.
Small dairy holders.
Chak no. 293 GB, 351 GB, basti kot janjuva, 184 GB, T.T
Singh.
No.
03433645180, 03006565292, 03433645180
Summary/abstract
A village representative saif ullah (A-One dairy farm) reported sudden death of
young calves in his area during last weak and rumour of Black Quarter to SVO, CVH
Toba on dated 28-05-2012 at 8.00 am with presenting complaint that in area few animals
are sick with high temperature, lameness, swelling at hip and thigh muscles, and two
animals died with same signs three days ago. Moreover 2 young animals died with same
sign and symptoms last weak.
District Livestock officer consituted immediately district outbrek handling team under
the supervision of ADIO and declared emergency to all affected aea. Undersigned along
with laboratory team, SVO, DDLO, and all concern VO,s and VA,s visited all affected
villages and samples (affected muscle piece, exudates, blood) were collected for
bacteriological examination/confirmation. The cases were tentatively diagnosed black
quarter and later it was confirmed by lab investigation (an- aerobic bacteria was cultured
&isolated, and also drug sensitivity was performed).
Affected animal were separated from other farm and pencilline, Ciprofloxacin antibiotic,
anti toxin serum, toxin binders/neutralizers and anti pyretic were prescribed for treatment
of sick animal.
Prophylactic measures were adopted to ring vaccinate all in and around villages with BQ
as there was no history of vaccination of BQ in that area and T.T.Singh. Moreover highly
susceptible animal were advised to give short of Penicillin @ prophylactic dose.
Keeping in view that this area is not at epidimological zone of BQ and this
incidance occurred due to transportation of animals or un knowns reason that’s yet to be
investigated.
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Brief report/protocol of outbreak handling of Black
Quarter (BQ) by Diagnostic Laboratory. T.T.Singh
BQ is an acute infectious and highly fatal, bacterial disease of cattle, Buffaloes,
sheep and goats. Young cattle between 6-24 months of age, in good body condition are
highly susceptible. It is soil-borne infection which generally occurs during rainy season.
The disease is sporadic and found all over the world.
BQ is also known as Black leg and it is clostridial infection. Clostridia are rod-shaped,
anaerobic, spore-forming and gram positive. Burning the upper layer of soil to eradicate
left-over spores is the best way to stop the spread of BQ from diseased cattle. Treatment
is generally unrewarding due to the rapid progression of the disease however penicillin
is the drug of choice for treatment.
Out break Handling team/ unit
1. Dr. Najam ul Islam (DLO)
2. Dr Usman Tahir (ADIO)
3. Dr. Zahoor Ahamad Shah (SVO, T.T.Singh)
4. Dr. Khalid (DDLO, AH)
5. Dr. Mushtaq Ahmad Zar ( VO, Rajana)
4. Concerned Lab Staff
5. Concerned VA,s
Chairman
Convenior/ Co-chairman
Member
Member
Member
1) Case History:
1.Total No. of animal at affected area
a)Young stock
b) Adult stock
2. Animal species/ breed
3. No. of sick animals
4. No of dead animals/ mortality
5. Animals at rick at farm
6. Animals at risk in locality/area
7. Vaccination history
8. Previous history
1500 (approx.)
500
1000
Cross breed, shahiwal cattle, Buffaloes
4
9
100 ( 40 young one)
All surroundings of chak 293, 351,184 (approx.
1500 animals including buffaloes, cattle, sheep &
goat)
No vaccination of BQ
Last year BQ outbreak occurred at chak 296
2
2) Antemortem findings:
Following signs and symptoms were observed.
1) High fever (103-105)
2) Lameness
3) Loss of appetite
4) Discoloured, dry or cracked skin
5) Stiff gait and reluctance to move
6) Gaseous crepitating swellings on the hips and shoulder 7) Rapid pulse and heart rates
3) Collection of samples and Laboratory Investigations/ Diagnosis:
1. Samples (muscle piece of affected leg, exudates from edematous muscle) were
collected for bacteriological examination/confirmation.
2. Samples from feed and soil were collected as it is soil borne clostridial infection
and spread from ingestion of contaminated feed and contamination of wound.
These samples were send to NVL Islamabad on disposal of farmer.
3. Slide was made from exudates, fixed it with heat and gram staining was done.
4. Bacteria was cultured and isolated from exudate and effected muscle.
5. Drug sensitivity was done to suggest suitable antibiotic.
4) Results:
Clostridium chauvoei is confirmed on bases history, clinical signs, symptoms
and colony characters of clostridia i-e rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming,
and gram positive. All clostridium species make gases during infection.
5) ACTON TAKEN:
5.1
Affected animal were separated from other farm.
5.2. Treatment of sick animals
1. Ciprofloxacin
antibiotic,
Pencilline,
anti
toxin
serum,
toxin
binders/neutralizers and anti pyretic/ Avil were prescribed for treatment of
sick animals.
2. Priscribed anti septic dressing of punchiered wound effected with BQ
along with topical antibiotic preferably with pencilline.
3. Avoid wound from flies and use fly repellents.
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5.3. Prophylaxis:
a) General measures:
1. Isolated the infected and in contact animals.
2. Asked to verify the proper Disposal of the carcass by deep burial or
burning.
3. Suggested for Proper disinfection of complete farm
4. Don't allow grazing in affected area.
5. Highly susceptible animal were advised to give short of Penicillin (Drug
of choice in clostridial infections) @ prophylactic dose.
b) Vaccination:
Vaccinated (ring vaccination) all remaining farms and area with BQ
vaccine and repeat it annually in April.
(Dr. Usman Tahir)
District Disease Surveillance Officer/ADIO
Cell No. 03007501808
NO_________________ADIO/T.T.S, Dated: ___________________/2012
Copy is forwarded for information and necessary action please
1. Project Director, Diagnostic Lab, Punjab. Lahore
2. District livestock officer, T.T.Singh, you are requested to enter the BQ vaccine
in vaccine schedule of T.T.Singh and especially at tehsil T.T.Singh where out
break is occurred.
(Dr.Usman Tahir)
District Disease Surveillance Officer/ADIO
4
Physical examination of gritting sounds and swelling on forelimb affected with BQ
Aspiration of fluid and air bubbles produced due to clostridial infection.
5
Oozing of blackish color blood along with air bubbles from place of puncher.
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