1
Survey of STR Population Studies
Brian A. Burritt B.S.
San Diego Police Department
1401 Broadway, MS725
San Diego, CA 92101
bburritt@pd.sandiego.gov
Abstract
This paper presents information on the vast majority of available population studies
produced with commonly used Short Tandem Repeat DNA testing kits. Bibliographic data for
365 studies is presented as well as a summary table.
Key Words
2
STR, population studiesText
The worldwide acceptance of Short Tandem Repeat (STR) testing as the standard for
forensic DNA testing has resulted in the near continuous production of population studies (1183). A need has thus developed for a survey of these studies. This paper presents information
on 365 population studies from around the world.
Table I shows the loci included in some of the commonly used STR kits. Table II lists
the reference numbers for the studies included in this paper. The studies in Table II are grouped
by the kits used and by either population location, country of racial origin, or racial group. A
reference number followed by, in parenthesis, an x and a number indicates the number of studies
of this type in the reference. For example, Morocco 31(x3), indicates three Morocco studies are
included in reference 31.
Studies that do not contain all of the loci included in either the Profiler Plus or SGM Plus
kits were not included in this paper. For about half of these studies, frequency data was collected
by the author. If significant errors were observed in the data, for example, the sum of the allele
frequencies at a locus being significantly different from one, that study was not included in this
paper. This frequency data, which is included in a program that uses the data to calculate profile
frequencies, is available from the author.
It is intended that future versions of this paper will include additional
studies.References
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14
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15
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16
118. Pérez L, Hau J, Izarra F, Ochoa O, Zubiate U, García O. Allele frequencies for the 13
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127. Gómez MV, Reyes ME, Cárdenas H, García O. Genetic variation for 12 STRs loci in a
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18
137. Melendez E, Martinez-Espin E, Karlson IS, Lorente JA, Budowle B. Population Data on
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147. Tuckolska-Lenart A, Wujec J, Samborski J, Jakubowska EG. Allele frequencies for 10
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158. Silva DA, Crouse CA, Chakraborty R, Góes ACS, Carvalho EF. Statistical analyses of 14
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160. Whittle MR, Romano NL, Negreiros VAC. Updated Brazilian genetic data, together with
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165. Barbari LE, Rolf B, Constantinescu C, Hohoff C, Calistru P, Dermengiu D. Allele
frequencies of 13 short tandem repeat (STR) loci in the Romanian population. Forensic Sci
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166. Yong RYY, Aw LT, Yap EPH. Allele frequencies of 15 STR loci of three main ethnic
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167. Shin CH, Lee JB, Lee YS. Allele frequencies and genetic data of 16 highly polymorphic
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168. Beleza S, Alves C, Reis F, Amorim A, Carracedo A, Gusmão L. 17 STR data (AmpFlSTR
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169. Çakýr AH, Şimşek F, Katýrcý N, Taşdelen B. STR data for the AmpFlSTR SGM Plus
from the eastern and western sections of Mediterranean region of Turkey. Forensic Sci Int
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170. Regueiro M, Carril JC, Pontes ML, Pinheiro MF, Luis JR, Caeiro B. Allele distribution of
15 PCR-based loci in the Rwanda Tutsi population by multiplex amplification and
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171. Gaviria A, Ibarra A, Jaramillo N, Palacio OD, Acosta MA, Brion M et al. Nineteen
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172. Abdin L, Shimada I, Brinkmann B, Hohoff C. Analysis of 15 short tandem repeats reveals
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173. Abrantes D, Lima G, Cainé L, Pontes L, Pinheiro F. Allele Frequencies of 15 loci Using
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174. Tito RY, López PW, Iannacone GC, Lizárraga B. Genetic Diversity of Sixteen STRs in the
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175. Soltyszewski I, Pepinski W, Skawronska M, Koc-Zorawska E, Niemcunowicz A, Janica J.
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176. Szczerkowska Z, Kapińska E, Wysocka J, Cybulska L. Northern Polish population data
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177. Pepinski W, Niemcunowicz-Janica A, Skawronska M, Koc-Zorawska E, Janica J,
Soltyszewski I. Allele distribution of 15 STR loci in a population sample of the Lithuanian
minority residing in the Northeastern Poland. Forensic Sci Int 2004;144:65-7.
178. Klintschar M, Ebner A, Reichenpfader B. Population genetic studies on nine tetrameric
short tandem repeat loci using fluorescence dye-labeled primers and capillary
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179. Hashiyada M. Short tandem repeat analysis in Japanese population. Electrophoresis
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180. Cerda-Flores R, Budowle B, Jin L, Barton SA, Deka R, Chakraborty R. Maximum
Likelihood Estimates of Admixture in Northeastern Mexico Using 13 Short Tandem
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181. Wang W, Jia H, Wang Q, Cai Z, Wei L, Wang D et al. STR polymorphisms of “forensic
loci” in the northern Han Chinese population. J Hum Genetics 2003;48:337-41.
182. Sacchetti L, Calcagno G, Coto I, Tinto N, Vuttariello E, Salvatore F. Efficiency of Two
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183. Weir BS, Bagdonavicius A, Blair B, Eckhoff C, Pearman C, Stringer P et al. Allele
Frequency Data for Profiler Plus Loci in Australia. J Forensic Sci 2004;49(5):1121-3.
184. Einum DD, Scarpetta MA. Genetic Analysis of Large Data Sets of North American Black,
Caucasian, and Hispanic Populations at 13 CODIS STR Loci. J Forensic Sci
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185. Wang ZY, Yu RJ, Wang F, Li XS, Jin TB. Genetic polymorphisms of 15 STR loci in Han
population from Shaanxi (NW China). Forensic Sci Int 2005;147:89-91.
186. Hu SP, Yu XJ, Liu JW, Cai KL. Analysis of STR polymorphisms in the Chao Shan
population in South China. Forensic Sci Int 2005;147:93-95.
187. Czarny J, Grzybowski T, Derenko MV, Malyarchuk BA, Śliwka DM. Genetic variation of
15 STR loci (D3S1358, vWA, FGA, TH01, TPOX, CSFIPO, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820,
D16S539, D2S1338, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, and D19S433) in populations of north
and central Poland. Forensic Sci Int 2005;147:97-100.
188. Cherni L, Yaâcoubi BL, Pereira L, Alves C, Khodjet El Kill H, Ben Ammar El Gaaied A,
Amorim A. Data for 15 autosomal STR markers (Powerplex 16 System) from two Tunisian
populations: Kesra (Berber) and Zriba (Arab). Forensic Sci Int 2005;147:101-106.
189. Liang W, Du H, Chen G, Lv M, Zhang L. Allele Frequency Distributions for 15 STR Loci
in Chinese Chengdu Han Population. J Forensic Sci 2005;50(1):230-231.
190. Martínez-Gonzalez LJ, Martinez-Espin E, Fernandez-Rosado F, Moguel MA, Entrala C,
Alvarez JC et al. Mexican Population Data on Fifteen STR Loci (Identifiler® Kit) in a
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191. Pereira JV, Serra A, Anjos MJ, Vide MC, Corte-Real F, Vieira DN. Allele Frequencies for
Fifteen STR Loci in Guinea-Bissau Population. J Forensic Sci 2005;50(1):243-244.
24
192. Yang G, Li X, Zha J, He Y, Wang Z, Wu H et al. Polymorphism Study on Nine STRs Loci
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193. Yunis JJ, Garcia O, Cuervo AG, Guio E, Pineda CR, Yunis EJ. Population Data for
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2005;50(3):685-702.
194. Park SJ, Woo KM, Oh HH, Kim SH, Lee SH. Population Data of the 25 STR Loci in
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195. Ying BW, Wei YG, Sun XM, Hou YP. STR Data for the AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus from
Western China. J Forensic Sci 2005;50(3):716-717.
196. Yoshida K, Takahashi K, Kasai K. Allele Frequencies of 15 Loci using AmpFlSTR
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197. Du H, Liang W, Lv M, Chen G, Zhang L. Allele Frequency Distributions for 9 STR Loci
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198. Yavuz I, Sarikaya AT. Turkish Population Data for 15 STR Loci by Multiplex PCR. J
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199. Calzada P, Suárez I, García S, Barrot C, Sánchez C, Ortega M, et al. The Fang population
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200. Barrot C, Sánchez C, Ortega M, González-Martín A, Brand-Casadevall C, Gorostiza A, et
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25
201. Pepinski W, Niemcunowicz-Janica A, Skawronska M, Janica J, Koc-Zorawska E,
Soltyszewski I, Genetic data on 15 STRs in a population sample of religious minority of
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202. Lim SES, Tan-Siew WF, Syn CKC, Ang HC, Chow ST, Budowle B, Genetic data for the
13 CODIS STR loci in Singapore Indians. Forensic Sci Int 2005;148:65-67.
203. Pinheiro MF, Cainé L, Pontes L, Abrantes D, Lina G, Pereira MJ, et al. Allele frequencies
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204. Alves C, Gusmão L, López-Parra AM, Soledad Mesa M, Amorim A, Arroyo-Pardo E,
STR allelic frequencies for an African population sample (Equitorial Guinea) using
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205. Ang HC, Sornarajah R, Lim SES, Syn CKC, Tan-Siew WF, Chow ST et al. STR data for
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206. Reddy BM, Naidu VM, Madhavi VK, Thangaraj K, Langstieh BT, Venkataramana P et al,
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207. Pepinski W, Niemcunowicz-Janica A, Skawronska M, Janica J, Koc-Zorawska E,
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208. González-Andrade F, Sánchez de González D, Martínez-Jarreta B, Genetic profile of the
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26
209. Barbarii LE, Rolf B, Calistru P, Dermengiu D, Genetic study on 10 STR loci in the
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27
217. Jacewicz R, Berent J, Prosniak A, Galecki P, Florkowski A, Szram S, Population genetics
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Table I
Loci included in commonly used STR amplification kits
C
S
F
1
P
O
Applied
D
2
S
1
3
3
8
Profiler Plus
D D D D D
3 5 7 8 1
S S S S 3
1 8 8 1 S
3 1 2 1 3
5 8 0 7 1
8
9 7
X X X X X
D
1
6
S
5
3
9
D
1
8
S
5
1
D
1
9
S
4
3
3
X
D
2
1
S
1
1
X
F
G
A
P
e
n
t
a
P
e
n
t
a
D
E
T
H
0
1
T
P
O
X
X
V
W
A
X
Biosystems
Cofiler
X
SGM Plus
Promega
Identifiler
X
PowerPlex 16
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Table II
Reference numbers for STR population studies
Profiler
SGM
Profiler
Plus*
Plus*
Plus &
Cofiler*
Identifiler*
PowerPlex 16*
28
Africa
Algeria
31
Angola
67,91
Berber
6
Cape Verde
67,69
Central West
29
168†
168†
199,204†
204†
191
80
Africa
Egypt
26
107
Equatorial
Guinea
Gabon
Guinea-
154
67
Bissau
Morocco
31(x3)
Mozambique
32,67
North Africa
31,104‡
6
172
159†
104‡
Rwanda
159†
8
133
170
Tunisia
59,106,188(x2)
Profiler
SGM
Profiler
Plus*
Plus*
Plus &
Identifiler*
PowerPlex 16*
Cofiler*
Asia
Asia (general)
78(x3),
183
Bangladesh
15
2,56
4
29
China
15,33,36,
139,151
38,94,119,
2,71,73,
129,130,
181
185,186,189
83,96,166
128,192,
195
East Indies
56
East Timor
211
Guam
49
India
18,19(x4),
13,202
20(x4),
130,
58(x4),61(x4),
218(x4)†
72(x4),75(x3),
84(x4),
76(x4),85(x4),
206(x27)
86(x4),89(x3),
90(x3),92(x3),
112(x4),
117(x4),
138(x3),166,
218(x4)†
Indonesia
144(x3)
135
Japan
24,70
2(x2),179
115†,196
Korea
43,167
2
122,194
205
130
Mayasia
New Zealand
143
Oman
28
Philippines
49
Polynesia
143(x2)
105,115†,213
166
30
Southeast
143
74
Asian
Syria
172
Thailand
45
Turkey
81
146,148,
7
198
111
169(x2)
United Arab
97
Emirates
Australia
Vietnam
15
Yemen
40
Aborigines
78(x4),
2
88
74
183,219
Caucasian
78(x8),
74
183
Profiler
SGM
Profiler
Plus*
Plus*
Plus &
Identifiler*
PowerPlex 16*
155
12
Cofiler*
Europe
Albania
Austria
Azores
Belgium
16,178
142,153
66
82
99,161
Bosnia
Belarus
156
163
31
Canary
29,63
Islands
Czech
141
Republic
Croatia
Eastern
54
104‡
104‡
Germany
39
150
Greece
37,57
Italy
104‡,182
Jewish
44,52(x4)
Europe
126
104‡
48,51
Lithuania
Poland
Portugal
134
177
42,62
145,147,
108
50,176,187,
149,152,
201,207,
175,216
211,217
27,30,41,
6,66
173
65
Romania
Russia
165,209
87
Scotland
11
Serbia
Slovenia
157
140
132,162
53,203
32
Spain
6(x3),17,
9,102
103†
103†,109
Identifiler*
PowerPlex 16*
23,64
4(x2)
34(x3),35,
41,44,79
Switzerland
3
Profiler
SGM
Profiler
Plus*
Plus*
Plus &
Cofiler*
North
African-
America
American
2,15,21,46
1,2(x6),
4(x2),5,
14,56,184
El Salvador
77
Hispanic
2,46
215
1,2(x5),
23,64
4(x2)
4(x2),5,
184
Bahamas
Canada
1
2
56(x2)
Costa Rica
137
Jamaica
1
Mexico
123,210
2,180
190,200(x3)
Native
2(x4)
2(x3),4,
23
American
56(x3),
60(x3)
4
33
Trinidad
1
U.S.
2(x2),21,
1,2(x5),
Caucasian
25, 46
4(x2),5,
23,64
4(x2)
Identifiler*
PowerPlex 16*
14,184
Profiler
SGM
Profiler
Plus*
Plus*
Plus &
Cofiler*
South
Argentina
America
55,120,
47,113,114
131
Brazil
22(x2),
4(x2),10,
67(x2),98,
68,
116
158(x2),
164,214
136
160
Columbia
100,127
101,
171,193(x14)
121(x2),
125(x4)
Ecuador
93,110,208
Paraguay
95
Peru
Venezuela
118
174
124
* – Some studies used a combination of other kits that encompassed the loci of this group.
† – Study includes all loci from Identifiler and PowerPlex 16 kits and is shown in both columns
‡ – Study includes all loci from Profiler Plus and SGM Plus kits and is shown in both columns