Hong, Jau-Shyong Professor & Head, NIH/NIEHS Honors and Award: Comprehensive Oral for the Doctorate: Honors, 1972 Research Award, University of Kansas, 1972 Final Oral Examination for the Doctorate: Honors, 1973 NIH Individual Research Fellowship Award, 1975-1977 Distinguished Alumnus Award, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, 1982 Session Chairman, International Union of Pharmacology Meeting, London, England, 1984 Session Chairman, International Meeting of Toxicology, Symposium on "NeuralMembranes as a Target of Toxicity", Kuopio, Finland, 1985 Session Chairman, ASPET Symposium, Boston, MA, 1986 Ad Hoc Reviewer, NIDA/NIH, 1986 Ad Hoc Reviewer, NIDA/NIH, 1987 Session Chairman, Winter Brain Conference, Aspen, CO, 1988 NIH Outstanding Performance Award, 1988 Session Chairman, International Symposium on Neurotransmission and Signal Transmission, Taipei, Taiwan, 1989 NIH Outstanding Performance Award, 1989 Advisor, National Research Council, Research Associateship Program, 1989-Present Preceptor, Pharmacology Research Associate Program, NIGMS/NIH, 1989-Present NIH Outstanding Performance Award, 1990 NIH Outstanding Performance Award, 1991 Session Chairman, 7th International Catecholamine Symposium, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1992 NIH Outstanding Performance Award, 1992 Honorary Speaker for Lo Yuk Tong Foundation Lecture, University of Hong Kong, 1992 Honorary Professor, Shanghai Medical University, China, 1992 Member Review Committee, Shanghai Medical University, 1992 Present Session Chairman, The Fifth SCBA Symposium, Baltimore, MD, 1993 NIH Outstanding Performance Award, 1993 NIEHS/NIH AIDS Research Awards, 1994 - 1996 Member Review Committee, National Science Council, Taiwan, 1994 NIEHS/NIH AIDS Research Award, 1995-1997 NIEHS/NIH EMF Research Award, 1995-1997 NIEHS/NIH AIDS Research Award, 1997-1999 Keynote Speaker for the International Conference Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Korean Society of Pharmacology, 1997 Session Chairman, Satellite Symposium, Neuroscience Society Meeting, FL, 1999 Session Chairman, Satellite Symposium, Neuroscience Society Meeting, LA, 2000 Keynote Speaker, Frontiers in Neuroscience, Taiwan, 2002. NIEHS/NIH, Intramural Research Award 2000-2003 NIEHS/NIH, AIDS Research Award, 2003-2006 NIEHS/NIH, Mentor of the Year Award 2003 Foreign Advisor for National Health Research Institute, Taiwan, 2003-Present Keynote Speaker, Asian-Pacific Physiological Society Meeting, 2004 Consultant for Amgen Company, Thousand Island, CA. 2004 Session Chairman on “Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection”, Symposium on Inflammation-related Neurodegeneration, Taiwan, 2004 Session Chair on “Seventh International Conference on Neuroprotective Agents”, Monterey, California”, 2004. Keynote Speaker, Annual Meeting of Chinese Neuropharmacology Society, Zunyi, China 2006. Keynote Speaker, Symposium on Recent Advance in New Drug Development, Taiwan, 2008. Keynote Speaker, Helsinki Drug Research Conferences, 2008, Helsinki, Finland. Societies: American Society of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Society for Neuroscience International Narcotic Research Club Society of Immunopharmacology Editorial Board: Neurotoxicology (1986 - 1992) Neuropharmacology (1987 - 1992) Environmental Health Perspectives (1988 - 1997) Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience (1990 - 1994) Biological Signals (1990 - 2000) Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology (2000-Present) Journal of Nonlinearity in Biology, Toxicology and Medicine (2002-Present) Research Summary Recent studies suggest important roles for glial cells-astroglia and microglia-in the development, differentiation and survival of neurons in the brain. Both astroglia and microglia become activated in response to brain injury, a process termed "reactive gliosis." However, these two kinds of activated glial cells exert very different effects on the neighboring neurons. Microglia, which are the predominant cell type in the central nervous system that express the major histocompatibility complex class II molecule, play an important role in immune surveillance. However, during reactive gliosis, microglia secrete neurotoxic substances, such as excitatory amino acids, proinflammatory cytokines or free radicals, which kill neurons and have been proposed to be the major causes of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Because neurodegeneration is a common sequela for patients exposed to a variety of environment-related neurotoxins, information generated from this line of research should further the Neuropharmacology Group’s understanding of the mechanisms of action for neurotoxicants. Invited Speaker in Symposiums or Meetings: Symposium on "Endorphins in Mental Health Research", Puerto Rico, 1977. "Participation of (Met5)-Enkephalin in the Action of Antipsychotic Drugs", American College of Neuropsychopharmacology Meeting, Puerto Rico, 1977. "Participation of Substance P in the Action of Haloperidol," 11th College of International Neuropsychopharmacology Congress, Vienna, Austria, 1978. “Enkephalin and Antipsychotic Medication," Symposium on "Long Term Effects of Neuroleptics," Monte-Carlo, 1979. "Effects of Long Term Administration of Antipsychotic Drugs on Enkephalinergic Neuron," Symposium on "Neuropeptides and Neuronal Communication," Bresia, Italy, 1979. "Recurrent Convulsions and Hippocampal (Met5)-Enkephalin Content," Satellite Symposium to the 8th International Congress of Pharmacology, Gifu, Japan, 1981. "Effects of Administration of Psychoactive Drugs on Brain Neuropeptide Systems," Conference on Dynamics of Neurotransmitter Function, Washington, D.C., October 24-26, 1981. "Hormonal Regulation of Pituitary Endorphin Systems," Neurotoxicology of Selected Chemicals Conference, Chicago, IL, 1982. "Effects of Chlordecone Administration on Brain Neuropeptide Systems," Symposium on "Chemical Modulations of Regulatory Peptides" FASEB Meeting, St. Louis, MO, 1984. "Chemical Modulation of Brain Enkephalins by Antipsychotic Drugs" International Conference on the Neurotoxicology of Selective Chemicals, Little Rock, AR, 1984. "Chlordecone Alters Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Function in Adult Rats" Symposium on "Neural Membranes as a Target of Toxicity," Kuopio, Finland, 1985. "Possible Role of the Sodium Channel in the Neurotoxicity of Organochlorine Insecticides In Vivo in Rats," ASPET Meeting, St. Louis, MO, 1985. "Estrogenic Effects of Chlordecone and Neuroendocrine Function," Symposium on "The Use of Organochlorine Insecticides in Neurobiology," Workshop on "The Recent Advances in Neuropharmacology," Taipei, Taiwan, 1985. "Modulation of Brain Opioid Peptides by Antipsychotic Drugs and Electroconvulsive Shock," ASPET Symposium, Boston, MA, 1986. "The Use of Cytotoxicants to Study Metabolism of Opiate Peptides in the Hippocampus," Society of Neuroscience Symposium, Washington, D.C., 1986. "Seizure-Induced Alterations in the Metabolism of Opioid Peptides in Identified Pathways of the Hippocampus," ACNP Symposium, 1987. "Dopaminergic Regulation of Gene Expression of Opioid Peptides and Tachykinins in the Basal Ganglia," Workshop on "Recent Advances in Neurobiology," Taipei, Taiwan, 1987. "Regulation of Gene Expression of Brain Neuropeptides by Transmitter Systems," Winter Brain Conference, Aspen, CO, 1988. "Roles of Hippocampal Opioid Peptides in Seizures," International Symposium on Neurotransmission and Signal Transmission, Taipei, Taiwan, 1989. "Long-Term Regulation of Expression of Proenkephalin and Catecholamine Synthetic Enzymes in the Adrenal Medulla," Winter Conference on Brain Research, Snow Mass, CO, 1990. "Regulation of Dynorphin Gene Expression by Excitatory Amino Acids in Rat Hippocampus," International Symposium on the Dentate Gyrus and Its Role in Seizures, Irvine, CA, 1991. "Regulation of Opioid Peptide Gene Expression in the Dentate Gyrus," International Symposium on Neuropeptides in Endocrine and Autonomic Regulation, Taipei, Taiwan, 1992. "Roles of Signal Transduction Pathway on the Regulation of Opioid Peptide Gene Regulation," 7th International Catecholamine Symposium, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1992. "Dopaminergic Regulation of Dynorphin Gene Expression in the Basal Ganglia," Second International Conferences on Anatomical Sciences, Beijing, China, 1992. "Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Regulation of Enkephalin and Catecholamine Synthesizing Enzymes in the Adrenal Medulla," The fifth SCBA International Symposium and Workshops, Baltimore, MD. 1993. "Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Regulation of Enkephalin and Catecholamine Synthesizing Enzymes in the Adrenal Medulla," 7th International Symposium on Chromaffin Cell Biology and Pharmacology, Montebella, Canada, 1993. "Regulation of Opioid Peptide Genes in the Adrenal Chromaffin Cells," The Neuroscience Symposium of the Mainland, Taiwan and Hong Kong, Shanghai, China, 1993. "Regulation of the Proenkephalin Gene in the Adrenal Medulla," The Second International Neuroscience Symposium - Gene Expression in the Central Nervous System, Beijing, China, 1993. "Regulation of the Opioid Peptide Genes in the Hippocampus," Symposium on Basic and Clinical Research of Opioids, Taipei, Taiwan, 1994. "Molecular Mechanisms of Dopaminergic Modulation of Opioid Peptides in the Basal Ganglia," Recent Advances on Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Development, Washington, DC, 1995. "Enkephalin Regulation in Mixed Brain Cell Cultures - Possible Relevance to Reactive Gliosis," Symposium on the Neurobiology of the Fos Family of Transcription Factor, Bethesda, MD, 1996. "Roles of Long-Term Fra in the Regulation of Opioid Peptides after Kainic Acid Treatment", International Symposium on Advances on Neuroimmunology, Beijing, 1997. “Roles of Endogenous Opioid Peptides in the Regulation of Brain Neuroimmune Functions,” International Conference Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Korean Society of Pharmacology, Seoul, Korea, 1997. “Interrelationship Between Opioid Peptides and Seizures in the Hippocampus,” International Symposium on Drug Abuse, Seoul, Korea, 1997. “Roles of the Dopaminergic System in the Regulation of Opioid Peptides in the Basal Ganglia,” International Symposium on the Neuroimmune System, Taiwan, 1998. “Roles of the Brain Neuroimmune System in Neurodegeneration,” Satellite Symposium, Neuroscience Meeting, Miami Beach, FL, 1999. “Roles of the Brain Opioid System in the Neuroimmune-mediated Neurodegendration", Symposium, Neuroscience Society Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 2000. “Cytokines and Neurodegeneration”, Satellite Symposium, Neuroscience Society Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 2000. “Roles of Nitric Oxide in Neurodegeneration” Society of Neuro-immunopharmacology, Tampa, FL, 2002. “Role of microglial activation in inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases” Frontier in Neuroscience Symposium, Taiwan, 2003. “Role of microglia in neurodegeneration”, Recent Advances in Drug Therapy, Taiwan, 2003. “Novel anti-inflammatory therapy for neurodegenerative diseases” IWCN Meeting, Vancouver, Canada. 2003. “Inflammation and Parkinson’s disease” International Peptide Symposium, New York, 2003. “Potent neuroprotective effect of ultra-low concentrations of neuropeptides against LPS-induced dopaminergic neurons in midbrain neuron/glia cultures” 8th International Parkinson’s Disease Symposium. New Orleans, LA, 2003. “Inflammation-mediated Degeneration of Dopaminergic Neurons: Mechanisms, Interventions and Relevance to Parkinson’s Disease”. Steering Committee Meeting for Collaborative Centers for Parkinson’s Disease Environmental Research. NIEHS/NIH, 2003. “Role of Inflammation in Parkinson’s Disease” AMGEN Workshop, West Lake Village, “Neuro-inflammation and Parkinson’s Disease”, CA, 2004. y” 7th International Conference in Neuroprotection. Monterey, CA, 2004. “Development of Novel Anti-inflammatory Therap Environmental Factors in Neurodegenerative Disease Meeting, NIEHS/NIH, 2004. “Neuropeptide mediation of microglia activation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration: substance P vs dynorphin” Asian Pacific Physiological Society Meeting, Taiwan, 2004. “Role of microglia in inflammation-related neurodegeneration-mechanism, therapeutic interventions and relevance to Parkinson’s disease” 16th International Congress on Parkinson’s disease and related disorders, Berlin, Germany, 2005. “LPS-induced rodent Parkinson’s disease model” 38th Winter Conference on Brain Research. Breckenridge, CO.2005. “Why is Parkinsomn’s disease progressive? 38th Winter Conference on Brain Research. Breckenridge, CO. 2005. “Neuroinflammation: when, where, and how does it contribute to degeneration?” Inflammation and Parkinson's Disease Workshop. New York, NY 2005. “Microglia, inflammation and Parkinson’s disease” Frontier in Neuroscience Research, Seoul, Korea, 2005. “Glial cells: Key players in neurodegenerative diseases and prime targets for therapy” Annual Meeting of Neuropsyshitrics, National Health Research Institute, Taiwan. 2005. “Microglia and inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration: multiple triggers with a common mechanism.” Asian Pacific Physiological Society Meeting, Taiwan, 2005. “Role of microglia in inflammation-related neurodegeneration-mechanism, therapeutic interventions and relevance to Parkinson’s disease” NIDA Workshop, Bethesda, MD. 2006. “Glial cells: Key players in neurodegenerative diseases and prime targets for therapy” Annual Meeting of Neuroscience, Taiwan, 2006. “Microglia, inflammation and Parkinson’s disease” Symposium on aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Charlston, South Carolina, 2006. “Glial cells: Key players in neurodegenerative diseases and prime targets for therapy”. Meetings of the Research Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veteran’s Illness. Washington, D.C. 2006. “Microglial activation following neurotoxic exposure: the self-propelling cycle of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases” Zunhi Medical University, 2006. “Microglia, inflammation and Parkinson’s disease” Workshop on Low-Dose of Naltrexone in Inflammatory-related Diseases, NIH, Bethsda, MD. 2007“Anti-inflamamtory and neuroprotective effects of morphinans: cellualr and morlecular mechanism” in International Society of Neurochemistry Meeting, Cancun, Mexico, 2007. “Role of microglia in inflammation-related neurodegeneration-mechanism, therapeutic interventions and relevance to Parkinson’s disease” XVII the WFN World Congress on Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disordes. Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2007. “Glial cells: Key players in neurodegenerative diseases and prime targets for therapy” Symposium on “Role of Environmental Factors in the Pathogenesis of Parkiinson’s Disease” in CCPDER meeting. Asilomar Center, Pacific Grove, CA 2007. “Microglia, inflammation and Parkinson’s disease” Udall Symposium on Parkinson’s disease. Pittsberg, PA, 2007. “Why Parkinson’s disease is progressive” International Neurotoxiciogy Meeting, San Antonio, TX, 2007. “Role of inflammation in toxicant-induced injury in Parkinson’s disease”, Biotech Symposium, Taiwan, 2007. “Novel therapy for inflammation-related diseases” Symposium of Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease: Key Findings during the Last 20 Years, Helsinki, Finland. 2008, “Glial cells: Key players in neurodegenerative diseases and prime targets for therapy” 2008 Beijing Symposium on Aging and Neurodegeneration, Beijing, China. “Role of microglia in inflammation-related neurodegeneration-mechanism, therapeutic interventions and relevance to Parkinson’s disease” Neural Prosthesis Workshop, Cleveland, OH 2008, “Role of Neuroinflammation in the glia scar formation”. Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology Symposium, Wuhan, China 2009 “Why neurodegenerative diseases are progressive: uncontrolled inflammation drives disease progression”. First International Conference on Inflammation and Retinal Disease: Complement Biology and Pathology, Crete, Greece, 2009. “Role of microglia in inflammation-related neurodegeneration”. International Society of Neurochemistry satellite meeting, Tappei, Taiwan, 2009. “Inflammation-mediated Degeneration of Dopaminergic Neurons: Mechanisms, Interventions and Relevance to Parkinson’s Disease". International Society of Neurochemistry satellite meeting, Seoul, Korea, 2009. “Glial cells: Key players in neurodegenerative diseases and prime targets for therapy”. workshop on Determining the need and developing a strategy for a neurotoxicity testing. Vancouver Canada, 2009. “Role of inflammation in toxicant-induced injury in neurodegenerative disease”, MENTORING Trainee Awards by National Societies and NIEHS: NIH FARE Award: Raymond Chang 2000, Bin Liu, 2001, Bin Liu 2001, Liya Qin, 2002, Liya Qin 2003, Huiming Gao, 2003. Michelle Block, 2005, Tongguang Wang, 2005, Guorong Li, 2005. Pei Zhong, 2005.Michelle Block, 2006. Xiaoming Hu, 2008. Best Poster Award: Wei Zhang 2004. Michelle Block 2005 Neuropeptide Meeting Travel Award: Michelle Block 2005 BOOK CHAPTERS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, MONOGRAPHS AND REVIEWS 1. Poisner, A. M. and Hong, J. S.: Storage and release of vasopressin from neurosecretory granules and the neuropypophysis. In: Ceccarelli, B., Clementi, F., and Medolesi, J. (eds.): Cytopharmacology of Secretion. Raven Press, New York, 1974, vol. 2, pp. 303-310. 2. Guidotti, A., Gale, K., Hong, J. S., and Toffano, G.: Models to study drug effect on the integrated function of GABAergic peptidergic (substance P) and dopaminergic neurons. In: Garattini, S., Pujol, J. F., and Samanin, R. (eds.): Interactions Among Putative Neurotransmitters in the Brain. Raven Press, New York, 1978, pp. 217-229. 3. Yang, H. -Y., Hong, J. S., Fratta, W., and Costa, E.: Rat brain enkephalins: Distribution and biosynthesis. In: Costa, E. and Trabucchi, M. (eds.): Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology. Raven Press, New York, 1978, vol. 18, pp. 419-459. 4. Costa, E., Fratta, W., Hong, J. S., Maroni, F., and Yang, -Y. T.: Interactions between enkephalinergic and other neuronal systems. In: Costa, E. and Trabucchi, M. (eds.): Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology. Raven Press, New York, 1978, vol. 18, pp. 217-226. 5. Hong, J. S., Yang, -Y. T., Gillin, J. C., Fratta, W., and Costa, E.: Participation of Met5) enkephalin in the action of antipsychotic drugs. In: Usdin, E. (ed.): Endorphins in Mental Health Research. MacMillan Press, London, England, 1979, pp. 105-114. 6. Yang, H., Hong, J. S., Fratta, W., and Costa, E.: An approach to assess the dynamics of met5 enkephalin storage in rat striatum. In: Usdin, E. (ed.): Endorphins in Mental Health Research. MacMillan Press, London, England, 1979, pp. 235-241. 7. Costa, E., Di Guillio, A., Fratta, W., Hong, J. S., and Yang, -Y. T.: Interactions of enkephalinergic and catecholaminergic neurons in CNS and periphery. In: Usdin, E., Kopin, I. J., and Barchas, J. D. (eds.): Catecholamines: Basic and Clinical Frontiers. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1979, pp. 1020-1025. 8. Yang, H. -Y. T., Hong, J. S., and Costa, E.: The search for proenkephalin: Experimental tools and status of art. In: Albertini, A., Da Prada, M., and Peskar, B.A. (eds.): Radioimmunoassay of Drugs and Hormones in Cardiovascular Medicine. Biomedical Press, 1979, pp. 309-318. 9. Gillin, J. C., Hong, J. S., Yang, H. -Y. T., and Costa, E.: Does lithium act by selectivity affecting a brain enkephalin system? In: Copper, T. B., Gershon, S., Kline, N. S., and Schou, M. (eds.): Lithium-Controversies and Unresolved Issues. Excerpta Medica, 1979, pp. 781-788. 10. Hong, J. S., Yang, H. -Y. T., Gillin, J. C. and Costa, E.: Effects of long term administration of antipsychotic drugs on enkephalinergic neurons. In: Cattabeni, F., et al. (eds): Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology. Raven Press, 1980, vol. 24, pp. 223-232. 11. Hong, J. S., Wood, P., Gillin, J. C., Yang, H. -Y. T. and Costa, E.: Recurrent convulsions and hippocampal (Met5)-enkephalin content. In: Costa, E. and Trabucchi, M. (eds.): Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology. Raven Press, 1980, vol. 22, pp. 385-398. 12. Costa, E., Hong, J. S. and Yang, H. -Y. T.: Are enkephalins brain putative neurotransmitters? In: Vizi, E. S. (ed.): Modulation of Neurochemical Transmission. Pergamon Press, 1980, pp. 57-74. 13. Rosecrans, J. A., Hong, J. S. and Tilson, H. A.: Effects of conditioned analgesia (autoanalgesia) on the pituitary-adrenal function and brain neuropeptides in rats selected for differences in activity. In: Costa, E. and Trabucchi, M. (eds.): Regulatory Peptides: From Molecular Biology to Function. Raven Press, New York, 1982, pp. 151-156. 14. Hong, J. S.: Effects of administration of psychoactive drugs on brain neuropeptide systems. In: Namba, M. and Kaiya, H. (eds.): Psychobiology of Schizophrenia. Pergamon Press, New York, 1982, pp. 155-163. 15. Kleinman, J. E., Karoum, F., Rosenblatt, J. E., Gillin, J. C., Hong, J. S., Bridge, T. P., Zaleman, S., Storch, F., del Carman, R., and Wyatt, R. J.: Postmortem neurochemical studies in chronic schizophrenia. In: Usdin, E. and Hanin, I. (eds.): Biological Markers in Psychiatry and Neurology. Pergamon Press, New York, 1982, pp. 67-76. 16. Kleinman, J. E., Karoum, F., Rosenblatt, J., Gillin, J. C., Hong, J. S., Bridge, P., Zaleman, S., Storch, F., del Carman, R., and Wyatt, R. J.: Catecholamine and peptides in postmortem schizophrenic brains. In: Perb, C., Jansson, B. and Struwe, G. (eds.): Biological Psychiatry 1981 Developments in Psychiatry. Vol. 5, Elsevier, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1982, pp. 711-714. 17. Lamartiniere, C. A., Hong, J. S., and Mason, G. A.: Endocrine factors involved in sexual differentiation of brain-pituitary-liver axis. In: Neuropeptides, Neurotransmitters and Regulation of Endocrine Processes. Ed. by Endroczi, Akademiai Kiada, Budapest, 1983, pp. 107-115. 18. Hong, J. S., Yoshikawa, K., and Hendren, W.: Measurement of enkephalins and endorphin related peptides in biological tissues and fluids. In: Conn, M. (ed.): Methods of Enzymology. Academic Press, New York, 1983, pp. 547-564. 19. Hong, J. S., Yoshikawa, K., and Lamartiniere, C. A.: Hormonal regulation of pituitary endorphin systems. In: Hanin, I. (ed.): Dynamics of Neurotransmitter Function. Raven Press, New York, 1984, pp. 149-157. 20. McGinty, J. F., Kanamatsu, T., Obie, J., and Hong, J. S.: Modulation of opioid peptide metabolism by seizures: differentiation of opioid subclasses. NIDA Research Monograph Series, vol. 71, 1986, pp. 89-101. 21. Viveros, O. H., Diliberto, E. J. Jr., Hong, J. S., Kizer, J. S., Unsworth, C. D., and Kanamatsu, T.: The regulation of enkephalin levels in adrenomedullary cells and its regulation to chromaffin vesicle biogenesis and functional plasticity. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 493: 324-341, 1987. 22. Hong, J. S., Grimes, L., Kanamatsu, T., and McGinty, J. F.: Kainic acid as a tool to study the regulation and function of opioid peptides in the hippocampus. Toxicology 46: 1987, 141-157. 23. Tilson, H. A., Hong, J. S., Gerhart, J. M., and Walsh, T. J.: Animal models in neurotoxicology: The neurobehavioral effects of chlordecone (KeponeR). In: Advances in Behavioral Pharmacology, Vol. 6, 1987, pp. 249-273. 24. Viveros, O. H., Unsworth, C. D., Kanamatsu, T., Hong, J. S., and Diliberto Jr., E. J.: Nicotinic regulation of adrenomedullary opioid peptide synthesis and secretion: A model to study monoamine neuropeptide cotransmission. In: Martin, W. R., VanLoon, N. P., Iwamoto, E. T., and Davis, L. (eds.): Proceedings of theInternational Symposium on Tobacco Smoking and Health: A Neurological Approach, 1987, pp. 341-356. 25. McGinty, J. F., Kanamatsu, T., Morton, J. D., Frederickson, C. J., and Hong, J. S.: Seizure-induced alterations of opioid peptide and zinc metabolism. In: Nutritional Modulation of Neural Function. Academic Press, 1988, pp. 271-287. 26. Hong, J. S., Grimes, L., Kanamatsu, T., Obie, J., and Mitchell, C. L.: Seizure-induced alterations in the metabolism of hippocampal opioid peptides suggest opioid modulation of seizure-related behaviors. NIDA Research Monograph, vol. 82, 1988, pp. 48-66. 27. Tilson, H. A., Zhao, D., Peterson, N. J., Nanry K., and Hong, J. S.: Behavioral and neurological effects of aspartame. In: Wurtman, R. and Ritter-Walker, E (eds.): Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function. Birkhauser, Boston, 1988, pp. 107-115. 28. Toretella, F. C., Long, J. B., Hong, J. S., and Holaday, J. W.: Modulation of endogenous opioid systems by electroconvulsive shock. In: Convulsive Therapy, 5: 261-273, 1989. 29. Douglass, J., Iadarola, M., Hong, J. S., Garrett, J. E., and McMurray, C. T.: Transcriptional regulation of the rat prodynorphin gene. NIDA Research Monograph, 111, pp. 132-149, 1991. 30. Hong, J. S.: Hippocampal opioid peptides and seizures. In: Ribak, C. E., Gall, C. and Mody, I. (eds.) The Dentate Gyrus and Its Role in Seizures, pp. 187-196, 1992. 31. Hong, J. S. and Stachowiak, M.: Regulation of enkephalin and catechlamine synthesizing enzymes in the adrenal medulla. In: L.F. Tseng (ed.): Pharmacology. pp. 151-168, 1995. Opioid peptide 32. Bing, G., Wilson, McMillian, M.K., Feng, Z., Qi, Q., Kim, H.C., Wang, W., Jensen, K. and Hong, J. S.: Long-term expression of proenkephalin and prodynorphin in the rat brain after systemic administration of kainic acid--An in situ hybridization study. In : G. Fiskum(ed.): Neurodegenerative Diseases, pp. 9-18, 1997. 33. Sundar, K.S., Kamaraju, L.S., Dingfelder, J., McMahon, J., Bitonta, R.A., Gollapud, S., Wilson, W.H., Kong, L.Y., Hong, J. S., and Lee, J.E.: Endogenous opioids and HIV infection. From AIDS, Drug Abuse and the Neuroimmune Axis. Ed. by Fridman et al., Plenum publisher (in press). 34. Pennypacker, K and Hong, J. S.: Fos-Related Antigens. In: T.E. Creghyton (ed): The Encyclopedia of Molecular Medicine. Wiley pp 1319-1320, 2002. 35. Jeohn, G.H., Cooper, C.L., Jang, K-J., Kim, H-C. and Hong, J. S.: Go6976 protects mesencephalic neurons from LPS-elicited death by inhibiting p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. pp 347-359, 2002. 36. Cooper, C., Jeohn, G., Tobia, P. and Hong, J. S.: Serum dependent of LPS-induced neurotoxicity in rat cortical neurons. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 2002. 37. Liu, B., Gao, K., Jeohn, G., Cooper, C. and Hong J. S.: Roles of nitric oxide in inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. pp306-317, 2002. 38. Jeohn, G.H., Cooper, C., Wilson, B., Chang, R., Jang, K., Kim, H. and Hong, J. S.: p38 kinase is involved in LPS-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell death in rat mescenphalic neuro-glia cultures. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. pp332-346, 2002. 39. Liu, B. and Hong, J. S. Primary rat mesencephalic neuron-glia, enriched-neuron, enriched-microglia and enriched-astroglia cultures. Methods Mol. Med. 79: 387-395, 2003. 40. Liu. B.and Hong, J. S. Neuroprotective effect of naloxone in inflammation-mediated dopamine neurodegeneration: dissociation from the involvement of opioid receptors. Methods Mol. Med. 79:43-54, 2003. 41 Zhang, W., Hong, J. S. and Block, M.: Neuroprotective effects of morphinans on inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases. Critical Review in Neurobiology 16: 271-302, 2004. 42 Gao, H. and Hong, J. S.: On the mechanism of rotenone-induced neurotoxicity-role of microglia. Toxicol. App. Pharmac. (in review) 43 Qin, L, Liu, Y, Qian, X. Hong, J.S. and Block, M.: Microglial NADPH oxidase mediates leucine enkephalin in dopaminergic neuroprotection. Ann N.Y. Acad.Sci. 1953: 107-120, 2005. 44 Block, M. and Hong, J.S.: Microglia and inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration: multiple triggers with a common mechanism. Progress in Neurobiology 76: 77-98, 2005. 45. Qian, L. Hong J.S. and Flood, P.: Role of Microglia in Inflammation-medicated Degeneration of Dopaminergic Neurons: Neuroprotective Effect of Interleukin(IL)-10. In Proceeddings of 16 th International Congress of Parkinson’s Disease, 2005. 46. Hong, J.S.: Role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease: models, mechanisms, and therapeutic interventions. Ann N Y Acad.Sci.1053:151, 2005. 47. Berman JW, Carson MJ, Chang L, Cox BM, Fox HS, Gonzalez RG, Hanson GR, Hauser KF, Ho WZ, Hong JS et al. NeuroAIDS, drug abuse, and inflammation: building collaborative research activities. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 1:351-99, 2006.